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Aspectos Biológicos E Morfologia Externa Dos Imaturos De Memphis Moruus Stheno (Prittwitz) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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Aspectos Biológicos E Morfologia Externa Dos Imaturos De Memphis Moruus Stheno (Prittwitz) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) 400 May - June 2010 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Aspectos Biológicos e Morfologia Externa dos Imaturos de Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwitz) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) FERNANDO M S DIAS, MIRNA M CASAGRANDE, OLAF H H MIELKE Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brasil; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Edited by Marcelo Duarte – MZ/USP Neotropical Entomology 39(3):400-413 (2010) Biological Aspects and External Morphology of Immature Stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) ABSTRACT - Immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) were subject of a behavior, biological and morphological study. The morphological study was carried out through observation by stereoscopic microscopy with camera lucida and micrometric lens attached for illustrations and measurements, respectively; and scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis. Behavioral data were obtained through direct observation in the fi eld and laboratory. Eggs were laid on the underside of leaves of two Lauraceae species. The fi rst to third instars build frass chains, the fourth and the fi fth instars build a conical shelter using a single leaf of the host plant. Before pupation, larvae bend its body ventrally and the pupae are incapable of movement. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of egg, all fi ve instars and pupa are given. The cephalic morphology and chaetotaxy of fi rst instar were described and illustrated. Results are compared with other Charaxinae immature stages. KEY WORDS: Anaeini, Ocotea, Nectandra, tegumental ultrastructure Memphis moruus (Fabricius) é uma espécie uma espécie de Memphis (Hübner) não identifi cada, indicando exclusivamente Neotropical, amplamente distribuída que esta provavelmente é M. acidalia memphis (C. Felder & desde o Centro do México até o Norte da Argentina R. Felder) [citada como Paphia ates (H. Druce)]. DeVries (Comstock 1961). Possui seis subespécies (Lamas 2004), (1987) descreve sucintamente aspectos dos imaturos de M. sendo que M. moruus stheno (Prittwitz 1865) corresponde beatrix (H. Druce), M. xenocles (Westwood) e M. cleomestra ao fenótipo com distribuição mais ao sul do continente (Hewitson). Teshirogi (2005) descreve sucintamente e ilustra americano. Para Druce (1877), a subespécie deveria ser larvas maduras e pupas de M. basilia (Stoll), M. moruus, M. considerada espécie à parte, enquanto Staudinger (1887) phantes (Hopffer) e M. pithyusa (R. Felder). a considera uma variação de M. moruus, com limite norte A variação existente em certas estruturas de insetos indica ao sul da Bolívia, onde entra em contato com M. moruus que estudos do ciclo de vida podem ser importantes para a morpheus (Staudinger) espalhando-se pelo Paraguai, Norte defi nição de problemas de sistemática em adição a estudos de da Argentina, e pelas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. morfologia pura (Freitas 1991). Imaturos são fontes valiosas Para compreender a variação intraespecífica em M. de informações para a sistemática de Lepidoptera (Scoble moruus, uma série considerável de espécimes é necessária, 1992, Freitas & Brown Jr 2004) e muito ainda é necessário já que a variação é complexa devido aos dimorfi smos sexual saber sobre estes aspectos antes que seja possível resolver e sazonal (Comstock 1961, D’Abrera 1988). Os caracteres a sistemática de Anaeini (Rydon 1971). O presente estudo constantes dos padrões são encobertos por essas variações e apresenta aspectos da biologia e descreve detalhadamente a difíceis de distinguir em vários indivíduos. Pode-se encontrar morfologia externa dos imaturos e a quetotaxia da larva de essa difi culdade em pelo menos duas outras espécies de primeiro ínstar de M. moruus stheno. distribuição e aspecto semelhantes, M. acidalia (Hübner) e M. oenomais (Boisduval) que adicionam elementos de difi culdade na identifi cação de M. moruus (D’Abrera Material e Métodos 1988), principalmente na parte mais ao sul da distribuição (Comstock 1961, Pyrcz & Neild 1996). Imaturos de M. moruus stheno foram coletados entre São conhecidas as formas imaturas de M. moruus stheno abril e julho de 2007 no Parque Municipal da Barreirinha e e M. pithyusa pithyusa (R. Felder), estudadas por Müller imediações, Município de Curitiba, PR (25° 25’ S, 49° 15’ W, (1886) e M. moruus boisduvali (W. P. Comstock) estudada 913m). Para obtenção de ovos e larvas, foram inspecionados por Muyshondt (1975a). Müller (1886) faz observações sobre diversos espécimes de Lauraceae na área de estudo. Uma vez May - June 2010 Neotropical Entomology 39(3) 401 encontrados, os ovos foram levados para laboratório no galho planta hospedeira é relatado por Müller (1886) e Brown Jr da planta hospedeira conservado com algodão umedecido em (1992). Muyshondt (1975a) observou que em El Salvador a recipiente de vidro e acondicionado em caixas plásticas com subespécie M. moruus boisduvali oviposita em Nectandra papel absorvente no fundo. As plantas foram trocadas em dias sinuata Mez. Beccaloni et al (2008) apresenta como plantas alternados ou quando aparentassem murchidão. hospedeiras prováveis para M. moruus espécies de Croton, As caixas foram frequentemente vistoriadas em busca Lauraceae, Sabiaceae e Piper, este último gênero também de exúvias e para observações comportamentais. Datas de mencionado por Teshirogi (2005). Porém esses autores coletas, eclosões, trocas de ínstares, emergências e aspectos podem estar equivocados por identificar erroneamente comportamentais foram registrados. Desenhos e mensurações M. acidalia como M. moruus, cujas larvas utilizam Piper de ovos, cápsulas cefálicas, larvas e pupas foram realizados como planta hospedeira (Beccaloni et al 2008) e possuem com auxílio de microscópio esteroscópico, com câmara estágios imaturos e adultos muito semelhantes à espécie clara e lente micrométrica acoplada. Registros fotográfi cos estudada (J M S Bizarro, comunicação pessoal) e com M. utilizando câmera digital Leica® DFC500 acoplada ao oenomais, cujas larvas alimentam-se de Croton. Pyrcz & microscópio estereoscópico Leica® MZ16 e software Nield (1996) e Queiroz (2002) observam que a maior parte Syncroscopy® Auto-montage Pro® versão 5.03.0040, foram das espécies de Anaeini, incluindo Memphis, alimentam-se de feitos de ovos e de larvas de primeiro ínstar. Nas demais fases diversas espécies de Croton (Euphorbiaceae) (Ackery 1988). os registros foram feitos com câmera fotográfi ca digital, Outras famílias de plantas são mencionadas por Beccaloni assim como as fotos detalhando aspectos comportamentais. et al (2008) para Anaeini de maneira geral: Asteraceae, A microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi realizada pelo Flacourtiaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Monimiaceae, equipamento Jeol® modelo JSM – 6360LV Scanning Electron Piperaceae, Rhamnaceae e Sapindaceae. Microscope, utilizando os sinais de elétrons secundários e Ovos de M. moruus stheno são depositados individualmente sinal de elétrons retro-espalhados, este último sinal, quando próximos à nervura central na superfície abaxial das utilizado, é assinalado com a sigla BES. folhas e foram coletados sobre estas em todos os estágios As amostras acondicionadas em via líquida passaram de desenvolvimento da planta hospedeira. Caldas (1994) por série alcoólica, permanecendo 10 min em solução de menciona que Fountainea ryphea (Cramer) oviposita um álcool 70%, 80%, 90%, e duas passagens por álcool absoluto, único ovo no terço central da superfície abaxial das folhas e sequencialmente, e então utilizado o equipamento Bal-Tec® que raramente há dois ou três ovos em uma mesma folha. O modelo CPD-030 Critical Point Dryer para desidratação fi nal. padrão observado por Caldas (1994) é o mesmo observado por Os preparados resultantes e as amostras acondicionadas em Ramos (1984) para Anaea troglodyta borinquenalis Johnson & via seca foram colados em suporte metálico com auxílio de Comstock e por Muyshondt (1975b) para M. pithyusa pithyusa. fi ta adesiva dupla face condutora de cobre 3M® e levadas Para F. ryphea, Caldas (1994) menciona que as fêmeas não ao metalizador Balzers® modelo SCD030 – Union FL 9496 ovipositam em folhas muito novas nem muito antigas. para tornar a face do material condutora. Os procedimentos Larvas quando eclodem comem parte do córion e de pré-microscopia e microscopia foram realizados no posicionam-se no ápice da superfície adaxial ou, menos Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica da Universidade Federal frequentemente, na abaxial da folha, onde começam a se do Paraná (CEM-UFPR). As larvas estudadas foram alimentar dos dois lados da lâmina foliar, mantendo a nervura sacrifi cadas por imersão rápida em água fervente e fi xadas central intacta. Utilizando seda, pedaços de folha e as próprias em solução Kahle-Dietrich 10% e preservadas em solução fezes, estendem a nervura para além do tamanho original de etanol 70%. Cápsulas cefálicas e exúvias pupais foram formando o “poleiro” onde a larva se posiciona reta (como preservadas a seco. defi nido por Freitas 2006) com a cabeça voltada para o ápice Seguiu-se a terminologia de Scoble (1992) para os da folha quando inativa (Fig 1e). Esse comportamento é ovos; Hinton (1946), Peterson (1962), Stehr (1987) e Dias considerado comum dentro de Nymphalidae, principalmente (2006) para as regiões, estruturas e quetotaxia das larvas, nas espécies neotropicais de Charaxinae, Biblidinae e Huertas Dionisio (2006) para a quetotaxia das pernas anais, Liminetidinae, sendo também observado para Anaeini e Mosher (1919) e Casagrande (1979) para nomenclatura das (DeVries 1987, Pyrcz & Nield
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