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Awareness About Lifestyle Diseases Associated Risk Factors in School Going Children in Delhi See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/234153544 Awareness about Lifestyle Diseases Associated Risk Factors in School Going Children in Delhi ARTICLE · AUGUST 2011 READS 1,592 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Jugal Kishore Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safd… 128 PUBLICATIONS 542 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Jugal Kishore Retrieved on: 11 November 2015 Journal of Nursing Science & Practice Volume 1, Issue 1, July, 2011, Pages 1-9. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Awareness about Lifestyle Diseases Associated Risk Factors in School Going Children in Delhi Tanu Anand*, Phalguna K., Jugal Kishore & G. K. Ingle Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi Abstract Lifestyle means a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices that are related to elevated or reduced health risk. The diseases which primarily arise from the abnormal lifestyle of a person are grouped under the term “Lifestyle Diseases”. For younger population, the risk of lifestyle disease looms larger. Therefore, this paper aimed to find the prevalence and awareness of lifestyle disease related risk factors in school going children aged 8- 12 years of Delhi. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a government and private school of Delhi. A questionnaire was made to elicit the awareness levels amongst the school children about the risk factors associated with lifestyle. The specific scores were given to responses of various questions, and data was analyzed using WHO software package Epi Info. A total of 293 participants from both the schools aged 8-12 years were included. 10% students were classified as obese whereas 11% were labeled as overweight. Nearly 39% students were underweight. Around 50% of the participants were consuming soft drinks, chocolates and chips at least 3 times per week. Awareness regarding healthy and harmful eating was quite high amongst the school children. 60% said that parents and family were the most influential source of information about their health. The recommended level of physical activity was being practiced by 55% of the students though more than 90% knew that physical activity is good for health. Almost 90% of the school children were also aware about the addictive nature of smoking and alcohol and that they are harmful to health. Though the awareness level is high, it does not reflect in their eating habits. Opinion of the children with respect to physical activity is not in line with their present practice. Thus, it can be concluded that just imparting knowledge and increasing awareness is not sufficient to prevent the onset of lifestyle diseases amongst school children. Keywords: Lifestyle diseases, school children, eating habits, Physical activity *Author for Correspondence E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION “Lifestyle” originally coined by Austrian determinants to personality makeup to psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929, means influences in the cultural, physical, the way a person lives. It is a pattern of economic, and political environments.1 In individual practices and personal behavioral recent times, these lifestyle patterns have choices that are related to elevated or modified significantly which has lead to reduced health risk. Lifestyles are born of a increase in both physical and mental multitude of causes, from childhood diseases in the world population. Such © STM Journals 2011. All Rights Reserved. 1 Journal of Nursing Science & Practice Volume 1, Issue 1, July, 2011, Pages 1-9. _____________________________________________________________________________________ diseases have been grouped under the term Childhood obesity and overweight has “Lifestyle Diseases.” An alarming number become a global epidemic.4 In one of the of diseases fall under this category- Obesity, most extreme examples from 1976-1980 to Cardiovascular diseases, Depression, 1999-2000, the prevalence of overweight Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome to among children ages 6-11 years doubled, name just a few. More disturbing is the fact from approximately 6.5 percent to 15.3 that a majority of these diseases are inter- percent in the United States. During the related in the sense that one of them can same time period, the prevalence among perpetuate the other leading to a viscous adolescents aged 12-19 years also increased cycle. more than three-fold from approximately 5 percent to 15.5 percent.5,6 Overweight The astonishing rate at which the lifestyle children often become overweight diseases are rising in the population has adolescents and adults and overweight in made them diseases of public health adulthood is a serious health risk.7,8 concern. In 2001, lifestyle diseases However the global problem of childhood accounted for 46% of morbidity and 60% of 2 overweight increasingly extends into the mortality. More than 17 million people die developing world.9 prematurely each year as a result of the global epidemic of chronic diseases, which Several case studies have elucidated the is the leading cause of death in the world relatedness of obesity to other lifestyle today. The World Development Report diseases. There is extensive documentation 2004, showed that 77% and 50% of the of consumption of high energy and fatty years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature foods by the adult population and above mortality were contributed by Non- average level of obesity among them.9 But communicable diseases in high and middle- there is insufficient data available for the income countries. Globally, non- children and adolescents particularly for the communicable diseases contributed highest developing countries like India. Also, burden of YLLs i.e., 612 per lakh population because of the increased prevalence of as compare to 275 per lakh population that is overweight among children and the risk of due to communicable diseases.3 The vast subsequent chronic disease in adulthood, it majority of cases are caused by a small is important to study the correlates of number of known and preventable risk overweight in young children. Therefore, factors. Three of the most important risk this study was undertaken to assess the factors are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity lifestyles of school going children, their and tobacco use. awareness pertaining to the disease and its risk factors and their preferences in light of Most of the world, particularly developing this knowledge. countries like India, is undergoing nutrition transition. Adopting lifestyle from the west MATERIAL AND METHODS has been implicated for rapid rise in the prevalence of lifestyle diseases. It is of It was a school based cross-sectional study. The study participants aged 8-12 years and growing concern as it is affecting the th th pediatric population as well. belonged to standard 6 -8 of a © STM Journals 2011. All Rights Reserved. 2 Journal of Nursing Science & Practice Volume 1, Issue 1, July, 2011, Pages 1-9. _____________________________________________________________________________________ government and a private school which consideration of various factors and chi were randomly selected from the list of square and Fischer’s exact tests was schools in Central Delhi. The sample was calculated to assess any statistical calculated taking 15% prevalence of significance. Data was analyzed using lifestyle diseases (e.g. obesity) accepting WHO software package Epi Info. the worst prevalence of 10% with 95% confidence level which is a maximum of Ethical considerations: As the subjects of 198 but a sample of 293 children (whoever the study were under 18, the head of the present at that time in class) was enrolled in institution or the student’s counselor was the study. requested to give their informed consent to get the information. They were explained Study tool: A questionnaire was designed to the purpose of study and their right to quit elicit the height, weight; eating habits, the the study at any time without giving the child’s awareness about healthy and reasons for doing so. The children’s nutritious diet; the food preferred by the information is dealt with confidentiality. child, and the diet provided by the parents; After getting the information students were understanding of the various triggers that told about the benefits of healthy lifestyles. influence the child’s eating habits (Advertisements, Peer influence, Family RESULTS Background, Family’s Indulgence); physical The study had a total of 293 participants activity, interest in sports, and how often the with an equal distribution from a private child indulges in any particular sport or and a government school in New Delhi. All physical activity; various factors that wean participants were between 8 to 12 years of away the children from sports and physical age. The height and weight of the students activity (TV viewing habits, browsing habits 11 were used to calculate Body Mass Index , etc); views on smoking habits and drinking based on which the 10% students (n=28) habits, their awareness regarding these 2 were classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m ), habits. 11% (n=31) as overweight (BMI 25-29.9 Kg/m2) and 39% (n=114) as Underweight Statistical Analysis: Underweight and 2 overweight children were compared taking (BMI <18.5 Kg/m ) (Figure 1). Fig 1:Classification of students according to BMI Obese Overweight Normal Underweight 10% 39% 11% 40% © STM Journals 2011. All Rights Reserved. 3 Journal of Nursing Science & Practice Volume 1, Issue 1, July,
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