DOCSLIB.ORG

Broom Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Broom Management Reprinted fromPlant Plant Protection Protection Quarterly Quarterly Vol.15(4) Vol.15(4) 2000 2000 131 Broom management Proceedings of a workshop held at Ellerston and Moonan on 16–17 November 1998 This is part of a series of workshops sponsored by the Co-operative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems Editors: A.W. Sheppard and J.R. Hosking Broom management CRC eed management systems 132 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.15(4) 2000 CRC Co-operative Research Centre for eed Weed Management Systems management Established and supported under the Australian Government’s systems Co-operative Research Centres Program MISSION STATEMENT The CRC is committed to increasing the sustainability of agriculture and protecting the natural environment by developing ecologically sound, cost effective weed manage- ment systems. OBJECTIVES • To reduce the impact of weeds on farm productivity and profitability by developing sustainable management programs that optimize the integration of chemical, bio- logical and ecological approaches for annual crop and pasture systems in the crop- ping zone of southern Australia. • To develop practical integrated weed management systems that reduce weed infes- tation, protect the environment and enhance sustainability and productivity of Aus- tralian temperate perennial pasture ecosystems. • To develop integrated strategies for the sustainable management of weeds invading natural ecosystems in temperate Australia, in order to maintain biological diversity of native flora and fauna and to prevent further degradation of natural habitats. • To implement a suite of weed science and weed management education programs which, for the first time in Australia, offers a coordinated approach to educating undergraduates, postgraduates, professional land and natural resource managers, and the community. • To interact with researchers and land managers to communicate the results of weed research and foster the adoption of resulting weed management strategies. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE CRC FOR WEED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CRC for Weed Management Systems Waite Campus University of Adelaide PMB 1 Glen Osmond SA 5064 Phone: (08) 8303 6590 Fax: (08) 8303 7125 Email: [email protected] Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.15(4) 2000 133 Contents Broom management workshop Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) population management strategies Andy W. Sheppard, John R. Hosking and Andrew R. Leys 134 Raising awareness of the broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) problem on the Barrington Tops, New South Wales Bev Adams 139 An introduction to the biogeography and ecology of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Australia J.M.B. Smith 140 Impacts of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in western North America Dennis L. Isaacson 145 Status of broom in New Zealand Simon Fowler and Pauline Syrett 148 Determinants of broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) abundance in Europe Quentin Paynter, Simon V. Fowler, Jane Memmott, Richard H. Shaw and Andy W. Sheppard 149 Factors affecting broom regeneration in Australia and their management implications Andy Sheppard, Peter Hodge and Quentin Paynter 156 Controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius) in pasture on the Barrington Tops – a graziers perspective A. Clark 161 Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) competition and management in eucalypt tree farms C.D. Barnes and G.K. Holz 163 Controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) in native forest ecosystems K. Carter and A. Signor 165 Herbicides for broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link): testing alternatives to Grazon® Craig Hore 167 Controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) in natural ecosystems in Barrington Tops National Park Mellesa Schroder and Chris Howard 169 Threats to the rare and threatened plant species of Barrington Tops Anne Heinrich and Bill Dowling 172 Brooms as part of the Australian nursery industry Ian Atkinson and Andy Sheppard 176 Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) and fire: management implications Paul O. Downey 178 Cutting and mulching broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link): a Tasmanian perspective Eddie Talbot 183 Broom workshop participants 186 Cover illustration of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, reproduced with the permission of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney 134 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.15(4) 2000 Broom management Proceedings of a workshop held at Ellerston and Moonan on 16–17 November 1998. Organized by Bev Adams and sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems and the Ellerston Pastoral Company. Editors: A.W. Sheppard and J.R. Hosking Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) population Previous workshops on broom have been held in 1986 (at Barrington Tops) and management strategies in 1997 (at Tumut). The recommendations from the 1986 workshop (Atchison 1986) Andy W. SheppardA, John R. HoskingB and Andrew R. LeysC are outlined in Table 2, and many of them A CRC for Weed Management Systems, CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, have been implemented. Although no proceedings are available from the 1997 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. B workshop, one of its outcomes was that CRC for Weed Management Systems, NSW Agriculture, RMB 944, the Alpine Liaison Committee allocated Tamworth, New South Wales 2340, Australia. resources towards Victorian releases of C NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, PO Box 1967, Hurstville, New broom biological control agents already South Wales 2220, Australia. released in New South Wales. On arrival at the workshop, partici- pants were allocated to one of six groups Summary relating to their area of expertise and pro- In November 1998 a broom management commercial forests and national parks. vided with a realistic broom management workshop was held with this title. The Also present were extension officers, and problem, a suggested budget and a task workshop aimed to review the status of local and regional council representatives list. The aim was to develop a manage- broom as a weed, from biogeographic, as well as representatives of community ment strategy for the given problem (see ecological and economic perspectives, and Landcare groups, and the nursery in- below), before the end of the workshop. assess the efficacy of available control dustry. The first day of the workshop consisted of options, and to start the development of The aim of the workshop was to review formal presentations to set the stage un- integrated strategies for broom control the status of broom as a weed, from der the following session headings: under a range of situations. Following biogeographic, ecological and economic • Broom problem in Australia and over- formal presentations a workshopping perspectives, assess the efficacy of avail- seas session was conducted aimed at develop- able control options, and to start the de- • Conflicts of interest ing best-bet management strategies for velopment of integrated strategies for • Why is broom a weed? broom in a range of typical situations broom control under a range of situations. • Practical management options where broom needs to be managed. This Expected outcomes from the perspective • Industries affected and current control was followed by a general discussion. of the participants at the commencement strategies The contexts of this workshop, the devel- of the workshop are listed in Table 1. • Evaluation oped ‘best bet’ strategies and outcomes of this workshop session are outlined in Table 1. Expected outcomes from this broom workshop as defined by the this paper (see Table 3). participants at the start of the workshop. Introduction Outcome Number. of respondents Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is an for each outcome exotic weed in five continents. Even 1. To meet and establish links with researchers and others doing broom within its native range, temperate Europe control 4 and eastern Asia, broom can reach an 2. To gain a broader perspective of the broom problem in Australia 3 abundance that requires management, 3. To identify knowledge gaps and prioritize areas for future research 3 particularly within forestry and grazing 4. Develop integrated strategies to contain and eradicate broom in natural systems (Hosking et al. 1998). In Novem- ecosystems 3 ber 1998, the Cooperative Research Centre 5. Refine control techniques and best practice guidelines 3 for Weed Management Systems and the 6. Become conversant with current best practice for broom control 1 Ellerston Pastoral Company sponsored a 7. Obtain information on the best native species to re-vegetate broom broom management workshop, to discuss infested areas 1 and develop integrated management 8. Learn of the impacts of broom on pastures 1 strategies for this weed. Thirty-two del- 9. Understand the realistic potential for effective biological control 1 egates attended the workshop, including 10. Coordinate biocontrol agent redistribution and monitoring of releases two from New Zealand and one from the and prioritize where/when further releases are to be made 1 USA. Two of the participants had been re- 11. Understand further biological control research needs and to prioritize sponsible for most of the research carried this research 1 out in the international biological control 12. Secure releases of biological control agents in north western Tasmania 1 program on broom in Europe since 1988. 13. To identify any scope for the use of native predators for biological control 1 Workshop participants had expertise in 14. Discuss need for research on genetic variation in broom 1 broom ecology, biological control, and 15. Develop collaborative research projects 1 management of broom on farms,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Biomed Central
    Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine BioMed Central Research Open Access Plants traditionally used to make brooms in several European countries Anely M Nedelcheva*†1, Yunus Dogan†2 and Paolo Maria Guarrera†3 Address: 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey and 3Museo Nazionale Arti e Tradizioni Popolari, Piazza Marconi 8/10 00144 Rome, Italy Email: Anely M Nedelcheva* - [email protected]; Yunus Dogan - [email protected]; Paolo Maria Guarrera - [email protected] * Corresponding author †Equal contributors Published: 2 May 2007 Received: 22 December 2006 Accepted: 2 May 2007 Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2007, 3:20 doi:10.1186/1746-4269-3-20 This article is available from: http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/3/1/20 © 2007 Nedelcheva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The research was carried out within the course of two years (2005–2006) in four countries from southern, southeast and eastern parts of Europe: Bulgaria, Italy, Macedonia and Romania. The data are collected mainly from Bulgaria and Italy and are compared with those from Macedonia and Romania. Methods: The information was gathered largely from literature as well as field collected data and interviewed informants. A brief questionnaire, referring to the vernacular name, plant description, providing specimens from the plants and brooms, details on their use has been prepared and applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipterists Digest
    Dipterists Digest 2019 Vol. 26 No. 1 Cover illustration: Eliozeta pellucens (Fallén, 1820), male (Tachinidae) . PORTUGAL: Póvoa Dão, Silgueiros, Viseu, N 40º 32' 59.81" / W 7º 56' 39.00", 10 June 2011, leg. Jorge Almeida (photo by Chris Raper). The first British record of this species is reported in the article by Ivan Perry (pp. 61-62). Dipterists Digest Vol. 26 No. 1 Second Series 2019 th Published 28 June 2019 Published by ISSN 0953-7260 Dipterists Digest Editor Peter J. Chandler, 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL (E-mail: [email protected]) Editorial Panel Graham Rotheray Keith Snow Alan Stubbs Derek Whiteley Phil Withers Dipterists Digest is the journal of the Dipterists Forum . It is intended for amateur, semi- professional and professional field dipterists with interests in British and European flies. All notes and papers submitted to Dipterists Digest are refereed. Articles and notes for publication should be sent to the Editor at the above address, and should be submitted with a current postal and/or e-mail address, which the author agrees will be published with their paper. Articles must not have been accepted for publication elsewhere and should be written in clear and concise English. Contributions should be supplied either as E-mail attachments or on CD in Word or compatible formats. The scope of Dipterists Digest is: - the behaviour, ecology and natural history of flies; - new and improved techniques (e.g. collecting, rearing etc.); - the conservation of flies; - reports from the Diptera Recording Schemes, including maps; - records and assessments of rare or scarce species and those new to regions, countries etc.; - local faunal accounts and field meeting results, especially if accompanied by ecological or natural history interpretation; - descriptions of species new to science; - notes on identification and deletions or amendments to standard key works and checklists.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Final Report Final pre-release investigations of the gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) as a biocontrol agent for gorse (Ulex europaeus) in North America Date: August 31, 2012 Award Number: 10-CA-11420004-184 Report Period: June 1, 2010– May 31, 2012 Project Period: June 1, 2010– May 31, 2012 Recipient: Oregon State University Recipient Contact Person: Fritzi Grevstad Principal Investigator/ Project Director: Fritzi Grevstad Introduction Gorse (Ulex europaeus) is an environmental weed classified as noxious in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawaii. A classical biological control program has been applied in Hawaii with the introduction of 4 gorse-feeding arthropods, but only two of these (a mite and a seed weevil) have been introduced to the mainland U.S. The two insects that have not yet been introduced include the gorse thrips, Sericothips staphylinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the moth Agonopterix umbellana (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). With prior support from the U.S. Forest Service (joint venture agreement # 07-JV-281), we were able to complete host specificity testing of S. staphylinus on 44 North American plant species that were on the original test plant list. However, following review of the proposed Test Plant List, the Technical Advisory Group on Biocontrol of Weeds (TAG) recommended that we include an additional 18 plant species for testing. In this report, we present host specificity testing and related objectives necessary to bring the program to the implementation stage. Objectives (1) Acquire and grow the additional 18 species of plants recommended by the TAG. (2) Complete host specificity trials for the gorse thrips on the 18 plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal to Import Bombus Terestris Into
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROPOSAL TO IMPORT BOMBUS TERRESTRIS INTO MAINLAND AUSTRALIA FOR CROP POLLINATION PURPOSES PROPONENTS – AUSTRALIAN HYDROPONIC & GREENHOUSE ASSOCIATION PO BOX 538, NARRABEEN NSW PH: (03) 9939 5993 FAX: (03) 9939 5993 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: http://www.ahga.org.au Disclaimer This report was prepared by the Australian Hydroponic and Greenhouse Association. The material in it reflects the Association‟s best judgment on the information available to it at the time of preparation. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. The Australian Hydroponic & Greenhouse Association accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. © This report is copyright 2008 and protected under the Berne Convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this report may be reproduced in any form, including photocopying, microfilm, information storage and retrieval system, computer database, or software, or by any means, including electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the Australian Hydroponic & Greenhouse Association. 1. The purpose and scope of the document This document is the culmination of over 10 years investigation into the proposed importation of a European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, into Australia in managed hives for pollination purposes. While originally use in a wide range of field and greenhouse crops was envisaged, the proposal has been narrowed down to pollination of greenhouse crops, particularly tomatoes, in fully enclosed structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Genista Monspessulana – Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom
    Application for WoNS candidacy Genista monspessulana – Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom Contact: Ashley Millar - (08) 9334 0312; Department of Environment and Conservation (WA) October 2010 Introduction Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S.Johnson (Fabaceae), also known more commonly as Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom and Canary Broom, is a woody legume weed with significant current and potential impacts on forestry production, biodiversity of natural ecosystems, grazing systems, access to amenity areas and fire risk. Infestations occur in all temperate states of Australia, with particularly severe infestations in the Adelaide Hills, southern Tasmania, central and southern Great Dividing Range of NSW, central Victoria and south west WA. G. monspessulana was ranked 37th in the initial evaluation of weeds nominated for Weeds of Natural Significance (WONS) (Thorp and Lynch 2000), with a particularly high impact score due to its formation of dense, impenetrable thickets arising from a long-lived soil seed bank (source: Henry et al . 2010). Species description: G. monspessulana is an erect, perennial slender shrub which grows up to 5-6m. It has trifoliolate petiolate leaves which are more or less glabrous. This species has yellow flowers which are produced from August to January. G. monspessulana occurs in loamy soil through to lateritic and peaty sand and is commonly found along rivers and roadsides (Parsons and Cuthbertson 2001; FLORABASE DEC 2010). G. monspessulana is native to the Mediterranean region that has become established, and is considered a persistent and deleterious plant, in several other regions of the world, including the Americas, Australia and New Zealand. It is considered deleterious because of its ability to form dense almost mono-cultural stands, which replace and suppress native flora and economically valuable timber plants (Lloyd 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Oberholzeria (Fabaceae Subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia Wessel Swanepoel1,2*, M. Marianne le Roux3¤, Martin F. Wojciechowski4, Abraham E. van Wyk2 1 Independent Researcher, Windhoek, Namibia, 2 H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona a11111 State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ¤ Current address: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oberholzeria etendekaensis, a succulent biennial or short-lived perennial shrublet is de- Citation: Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski scribed as a new species, and a new monotypic genus. Discovered in 2012, it is a rare spe- MF, van Wyk AE (2015) Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume cies known only from a single locality in the Kaokoveld Centre of Plant Endemism, north- Genus from Namibia. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0122080. western Namibia. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequence data from the plastid matK doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 gene resolves Oberholzeria as the sister group to the Genisteae clade while data from the Academic Editor: Maharaj K Pandit, University of nuclear rDNA ITS region showed that it is sister to a clade comprising both the Crotalarieae Delhi, INDIA and Genisteae clades. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new genus include: 1) Received: October 3, 2014 succulent stems with woody remains; 2) pinnately trifoliolate, fleshy leaves; 3) monadel- Accepted: February 2, 2015 phous stamens in a sheath that is fused above; 4) dimorphic anthers with five long, basifixed anthers alternating with five short, dorsifixed anthers, and 5) pendent, membranous, one- Published: March 27, 2015 seeded, laterally flattened, slightly inflated but indehiscent fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Plants of Bendigo
    Produced by Indigenous Plants of Bendigo Indigenous Plants of Bendigo PMS 1807 RED PMS 432 GREY PMS 142 GOLD A Gardener’s Guide to Growing and Protecting Local Plants 3rd Edition 9 © Copyright City of Greater Bendigo and Bendigo Native Plant Group Inc. This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the City of Greater Bendigo. First Published 2004 Second Edition 2007 Third Edition 2013 Printed by Bendigo Modern Press: www.bmp.com.au This book is also available on the City of Greater Bendigo website: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au Printed on 100% recycled paper. Disclaimer “The information contained in this publication is of a general nature only. This publication is not intended to provide a definitive analysis, or discussion, on each issue canvassed. While the Committee/Council believes the information contained herein is correct, it does not accept any liability whatsoever/howsoever arising from reliance on this publication. Therefore, readers should make their own enquiries, and conduct their own investigations, concerning every issue canvassed herein.” Front cover - Clockwise from centre top: Bendigo Wax-flower (Pam Sheean), Hoary Sunray (Marilyn Sprague), Red Ironbark (Pam Sheean), Green Mallee (Anthony Sheean), Whirrakee Wattle (Anthony Sheean). Table of contents Acknowledgements ...............................................2 Foreword..........................................................3 Introduction.......................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • American Serpentine Leaf Miner CP
    Liriomyza trifolii Contingency Plan Prepared for Horticulture Innovation Australia, as part of Project MT16004 (RD&E program for control, eradication and preparedness for vegetable leafminer) Rohan Burgess 1, Dr. Peter Ridland 2, Dr. Elia Pirtle 3 1 Plant Health Australia 2 The University of Melbourne 3 Cesar Australia December 7, 2020 This resource has been funded by Horticulture Innovation, through the Project MT16004 (RD&E program for control, eradication and preparedness for vegetable leafminer), using multiple research and development levies and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower-owned, not-for-profit research and development corporation for Australian horticulture. AMERICAN SERPENTINE LEAFMINER CONTINGENCY PLAN CONTINGENCY PLAN AMERICAN SERPENTINE LEAFMINER (LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII) Central Science Laboratory, Harpenden, British Crown, Central Science Laboratory, Harpenden, British Crown, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org December 2020 This resource has been funded by Horticulture Innovation, through the Project MT16004 (RD&E program for control, eradication and preparedness for vegetable leafminer), using multiple research and development levies and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower-owned, not-for-profit research and development corporation for Australian horticulture. AMERICAN SERPENTINE LEAFMINER CONTINGENCY PLAN This Contingency Plan has been authored by Rohan Burgess (Plant Health Australia), Dr. Peter Ridland (The University of Melbourne) and Dr. Elia Pirtle (Cesar Australia), with contributions from Dr. Sharyn Taylor (Plant Health Australia), Dr. James Maino (Cesar Australia), and Dr. Paul Umina (Cesar Australia). Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on these pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER?
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica BACKHOUSE, GARY N. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 28- 43 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 28-43. 2007. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA GARY N. BACKHOUSE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Division, Department of Sustainability and Environment 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia [email protected] KEY WORDS:threatened orchids Australia conservation status Introduction Many orchid species are included in this list. This paper examines the listing process for threatened Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- orchids in Australia, compares regional and national prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- lists of threatened orchids, and provides recommen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones dations for improving the process of listing regionally 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are and nationally threatened orchids. geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes Methods and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Orchids
    SURVEY GUIDELINES FOR AUSTRALIA’S THREATENED ORCHIDS GUIDELINES FOR DETECTING ORCHIDS LISTED AS ‘THREATENED’ UNDER THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 0 Authorship and acknowledgements A number of experts have shared their knowledge and experience for the purpose of preparing these guidelines, including Allanna Chant (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Allison Woolley (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment), Andrew Brown (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation), Annabel Wheeler (Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian Department of the Environment), Anne Harris (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), David T. Liddle (Northern Territory Department of Land Resource Management, and Top End Native Plant Society), Doug Bickerton (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), John Briggs (New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage), Luke Johnston (Australian Capital Territory Environment and Sustainable Development Directorate), Sophie Petit (School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia), Melanie Smith (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Oisín Sweeney (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), Richard Schahinger (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment). Disclaimer The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the Australian Government. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document.
    [Show full text]