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The Land- Grant Model 36 American Archivist / Vol. 56 / Winter 1993 Research Article Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/56/1/36/2748468/aarc_56_1_96l22601q4301m76.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 Linking Institutional Missions to University and College Archives Programs: The Land- Grant Model DOROTHY T. FRYE Abstract: In order to compete effectively for institutional support of archival programs and services, archivists in the 1990s must develop innovative strategies for increasing their usefulness and visibility. One such strategy is to explore ways of linking their programs, collection policies, and activities to their institution's mission. Using land-grant college and university archives as a model, the author has collected data on collection policies, mission statements, outreach activities, and other information about the archives of these institutions and has presented this data in the context of the land-grant history and mission. About the author: Dorothy T. Frye is reference archivist at the Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections. She undertook her Land-Grant College and University Archives project in 1989 as an associate fellow of the Research Fellowship Program in Modern Archives at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The author wishes to acknowledge the advice, encouragement, and support of the following persons: Dennis Rowley, Helen W. Samuels, William K. Wallach, Frederick L. Honhart, and all of the archivists at land-grant colleges and universities who participated in the survey and generously contributed information and printed materials to the project. The Land-Grant Model 37 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ARCHIVISTS face lize their institutional missions is not new. a particular dilemma in the never-ending Nearly fifteen years ago, Nicholas Burckel quest for the kind of financial support that noted the usefulness of university mission would enable them to fully utilize the valu- statements in developing archives collec- able historical records they collect and pre- tion policies.2 More recently, the chairman serve. Highly motivated to serve the faculty, of the College and University Section of Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/56/1/36/2748468/aarc_56_1_96l22601q4301m76.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 students, and general public in their re- the Society of American Archivists ob- search, academic archivists are often ham- served, "Documenting changes in institu- pered in their efforts by administrative tional character and mission is perhaps the indifference, not only to their fiscal needs most challenging task of college and uni- but also to the important role they can play versity archivists."3 in graduate and undergraduate education. Since 1949 a number of surveys and Reversing this tendency will require plan- studies have identified and examined the ning, creativity, and innovation. archives of institutions of higher education In order to compete effectively for bud- in the United States. At least five of these getary support, academic archivists of the have been conducted by the SAA Com- 1990s must develop new strategies for mittee on College and University Archives, bringing attention to their collections and the cumulative results of which offer a use- programs. Recent trends in the profession ful profile of academic archives and their indicate that increasing emphasis will be holdings, the professional level of their placed on the utilitarian role of archives. staffs, and the sophistication of their rec- Addressing this issue, Bruce Dearstyne has ords management programs.4 Statistics on advised that "archivists need to consider college and university archives were also merging reference outreach and public pro- gathered in the archival census conducted grams into a new, aggressive, proactive in 1985 by SAA. In recent years, academic public service concept that is integrated into archives have been the subject of major re- the total archival program."1 search studies such as the Mellon-funded Nowhere do archivists have a greater op- project directed by Helen Samuels at the portunity for implementing this advice than in college and universities. Situated in in- stitutions dedicated to education and schol- 2Nicholas C. Burckel, "The Expanding Role of a arly research, academic archivists enjoy a College or University Archives," Midwestern Archi- wide variety of opportunities for serving vist 1 (1976): 48. the public. If archival programs can be linked ^Academic Archivist 3 (September 1985): 1. ""Report of the Committee on College and Uni- to the institutional mission itself, these op- versity Archives," American Archivist 13 (1950): 63; portunities may be enhanced and an aca- Dwight H. Wilson, "Archives in Colleges and Uni- demic archives can become an active versities: Some Comments on Data Collected by the Society's Committee on College and University Ar- participant in that mission. Records man- chives," American Archivist 13 (1950): 343-50; Philip agement programs, outreach activities, ex- P. Mason, "College and University Archives: 1962," hibits, and even the archives' own mission American Archivist 26 (1963): 161-65; Robert M. Warner, "The Status of College and University Ar- statement can be designed to reflect and chives," American Archivist 31 (1968): 235-37; Ruth promote the goals of the institution. W. Helmuth, "Startling Facts Revealed by the C&U Survey," presented before the College and University The idea of encouraging archivists to uti- Archives Committee at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archivists, Columbus, Ohio, October 31-November 3,1972 (unpublished), cited in American Archivist 45 (1982): 412 fn; Nicholas C. 'Bruce Dearstyne, "What is the Use of Archives? Burckel and J. Frank Cook, "A Profile of College A Challenge for the Profession," American Archivist and University Archives in the United States," Amer- 50 (1987): 86. ican Archivist 45 (1982): 410-28. 38 American Archivist / Winter 1993 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, other academic institutions, the opportunity which has proposed an innovative, func- to link archival collection policies and out- tional approach to appraisal and documen- reach programs to the land-grant mission tation of university records.5 could attract greater administrative and fis- In order to determine whether academic cal support. archivists are utilizing their institutional Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/56/1/36/2748468/aarc_56_1_96l22601q4301m76.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 missions, I instituted a survey of college The Land-Grant Mission and university archives in 1989, using eighty-four federal land-grant universities Mission statements in recent years have as the sample group (see table I).6 My become a literary form in their own right. project was not intended to re-explore well- Like the formulation of a code of ethics, a covered ground by simply singling out one mission statement presents an ideal, a stan- type of academic archives for study. Rather, dard, or a goal for which to reach. To the it was an attempt to examine archives within public the statement projects an image that the context of their institutional missions inspires trust and approval based on com- and historical traditions and to use this con- mon values; for the institution and the peo- textual framework to promote the role of ple who work there, it provides a focus of the academic archives as a public-service purpose and encourages loyalty. Most uni- oriented research facility. versities now publish a mission statement to focus attention on their unique history Land-grant colleges and universities ap- or on the educational programs for which peared to be an ideal choice as a test group they are best known. for this survey. The "land-grant philoso- phy" has a long and honored history in The land-grant mission has undergone higher education, advocating affordable, various interpretations and definitions practical education for the working classes through the years, yet it has retained a basic and public access to the fruits of techno- identity with agricultural research, engi- logical research. Although the holdings of neering technology, affordable education their archives may not appear at first to be for the masses, and public service. Chase significantly different than those of many Peterson, former president of the National Association of State Universities and Land- Grant Colleges, offered a more pragmatic definition of the land-grant mission: Our 5Helen W. Samuels, "Appraisal of Records of Higher Education," draft paper presented at the Bentley His- mission has always been clear: teach spe- torical Library Fellowship Program Symposium, Ann cific employment skills to the population Arbor, Michigan, July 1988. Ms. Samuels has de- of our states for economic gain.7 Philo- veloped this into a book-length study entitled Varsity Letters: Documenting Modern Colleges and Univer- sophical considerations aside, land-grant sities (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press and the So- colleges and universities are in fact defined ciety of American Archivists, 1992). by their designation as their respective states' The list of federal land-grant colleges and univer- sities used for the survey was compiled from the fol- recipients of federal funds deriving from lowing sources: Serving the World: the People and land-grant
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