Picea Glauca

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Picea glauca From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kingdom: Plantae Picea glauca (White Spruce) is a medium-sized Division: Pinophyta evergreen tree growing to 15–30 m tall, rarely to 40 Class: Pinopsida m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The Order: Pinales bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates 5–10 cm across. The crown is narrow conic in Family: Pinaceae young trees, Genus: Picea becoming cylindric Species: P. glauca in older trees. The shoots are pale buff-brown, glabrous (hairless) in the east of the range, but often pubescent in the west, and with prominent pulvini. The leaves are needle-like, 12–20 mm long, rhombic in cross-section, glaucous blue-green above with several thin lines of stomata, and blue-white below with two broad bands of stomata. The cones are pendulous, slender cylindrical, 3–7 cm long and 1.5 cm broad when closed, opening to 2.5 cm broad. They have thin, flexible scales 15 mm long, with a smoothly rounded margin. They are green or reddish, maturing pale brown 4–6 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 2–3 mm long, with a slender, 5– 8 mm long pale brown wing. The two western varieties are distinguished by pubescent (downy) shoots, and may be related to extensive hybridisation and/or intergradation with the closely related Engelmann Spruce found further south in the Rocky Mountains. White Spruce also hybridises readily with the closely related Sitka Spruce where they meet in southern Alaska; this hybrid is known as Picea × lutzii. A dwarf cultivar of the Alberta White Spruce, Picea glauca var. albertiana 'Conica', is a popular garden plant. It has very slender leaves, like those normally found only on one- year-old White Spruce seedlings, and very slow growth, typically only 2–10 cm per year. Older specimens commonly 'revert', developing normal adult foliage and starting to grow much faster; this 'reverted' growth must be pruned if the plant is to be kept dwarf. Useful as a a specimen, in a mass planting, or as a hedge or windbreak. It is also used to a small extent as a Christmas tree. .

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Willows of Interior Alaska
1 Willows of Interior Alaska Dominique M. Collet US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 2 Willows of Interior Alaska Acknowledgements The development of this willow guide has been made possible thanks to funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge - order 70181-12-M692. Funding for printing was made available through a collaborative partnership of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Defense; Pacific North- west Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture; National Park Service, and Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The data for the distribution maps were provided by George Argus, Al Batten, Garry Davies, Rob deVelice, and Carolyn Parker. Carol Griswold, George Argus, Les Viereck and Delia Person provided much improvement to the manuscript by their careful editing and suggestions. I want to thank Delia Person, of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, for initiating and following through with the development and printing of this guide. Most of all, I am especially grateful to Pamela Houston whose support made the writing of this guide possible. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author. Disclaimer This publication is designed to provide accurate information on willows from interior Alaska. If expert knowledge is required, services of an experienced botanist should be sought. Contents
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White Spruce (Sw) - Picea Glauca
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(Black Spruce)- Pleurozium Forests of South-Eastern Labrador, Canada Author(S): David R
Vegetation Development Following Fire in Picea Mariana (Black Spruce)- Pleurozium Forests of South-Eastern Labrador, Canada Author(s): David R. Foster Source: Journal of Ecology, Vol. 73, No. 2 (Jul., 1985), pp. 517-534 Published by: British Ecological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2260491 . Accessed: 05/08/2011 12:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Ecology. http://www.jstor.org Journal of Ecology (1985), 73, 5 17-534 VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING FIRE IN PICEA MARIANA (BLACK SPRUCE)-PLEUR OZIUM FORESTS OF SOUTH-EASTERN LABRADOR, CANADA DAVID R. FOSTER Harvard University,Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366, U.S.A. SUMMARY (1) The pattern of post-fire vegetation development in Picea mariana (black spruce)- Pleurozium forests in south-eastern Labrador,Canada, is evaluated using palaeoecological methods and vegetation analysis of extant stands. (2) Macrofossil analysis of mor humus profiles in mature stands yields the following stratigraphy: mineral soil-charcoal-Polytrichum juniperinum-Cladonia lichens- Pleurozium schreberi-feather mosses and Sphagnum girgensohnii. The stratigraphic record of the post-fire dynamics of the vegetation at individual sites strengthens the conclusions obtained from the detailed analysis of a chronosequence of stands.
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