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Xenosaurus Tzacualtipantecus. the Zacualtipán Knob-Scaled Lizard Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico
Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus. The Zacualtipán knob-scaled lizard is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This medium-large lizard (female holotype measures 188 mm in total length) is known only from the vicinity of the type locality in eastern Hidalgo, at an elevation of 1,900 m in pine-oak forest, and a nearby locality at 2,000 m in northern Veracruz (Woolrich- Piña and Smith 2012). Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus is thought to belong to the northern clade of the genus, which also contains X. newmanorum and X. platyceps (Bhullar 2011). As with its congeners, X. tzacualtipantecus is an inhabitant of crevices in limestone rocks. This species consumes beetles and lepidopteran larvae and gives birth to living young. The habitat of this lizard in the vicinity of the type locality is being deforested, and people in nearby towns have created an open garbage dump in this area. We determined its EVS as 17, in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its status by the IUCN and SEMAR- NAT presently are undetermined. This newly described endemic species is one of nine known species in the monogeneric family Xenosauridae, which is endemic to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico from Tamaulipas to Chiapas and into the montane portions of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala). All but one of these nine species is endemic to Mexico. Photo by Christian Berriozabal-Islas. amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 01 June 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e61 Copyright: © 2013 Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for non-com- Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 1–47. -
Heterospilus Cephi ^ Kohwer Is a Major Parasite of the European Wheat Sawfly, Cephus Pygmaeus (Linnaeus)
HETEROSPILUS CEPHI ROHWER, A PARASITE OF THE EUROPEAN WHEAT SAWFLY, CEPHUS PYGMAEUS (L.)' By C. C. HILL, Associate Entomologist, and H. D. SMITH, Assistant Entomologist, Division of Cereal and Forage Insects, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. ^ INTRODUCTION Heterospilus cephi ^ Kohwer is a major parasite of the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (Linnaeus). It was first reared from this host in 1924, by Donald T. Ries. In 1925, it was described by Rohwer,^ and the following year reference was made to it by Ries ^ in a paper on the wheat-stem sawfly. It is the purpose of this paper to present certain details of the mor- phology and life history of this parasite. GEOGRAPHICALIDISTRIBUTION Heterospilus cephi has been found throughout most of the western wheat areas of the State of New Xork, from Syracuse and the Finger Lakes westward to Lake Erie, and over a limited area in northern Pennsylvania, but has not yet been recovered south of Lycoming County, Pa. Figure 1 shows the districts of New York and Penn- sylvania from which it has been recovered. HOST Under natural conditions Heterospilus cephi has been found to at tack only the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.). How- ever, when- introduced into a large outdoor cage containing whea- infested with the black grain-stem sawfly, Trachelus tabidus (Fab.), it parasitized this species freely and passed through its complete normal life cycle on this host without difiiculty. 'This would indicate its ability to adapt itself to this host even though it does not already normally parasitize it. It is possible that the different geographical ranges of these two sawflies may account for the apparent failure of H. -
Supplementary Material
Alcedo atthis (Common Kingfisher) European Red List of Birds Supplementary Material The European Union (EU27) Red List assessments were based principally on the official data reported by EU Member States to the European Commission under Article 12 of the Birds Directive in 2013-14. For the European Red List assessments, similar data were sourced from BirdLife Partners and other collaborating experts in other European countries and territories. For more information, see BirdLife International (2015). Contents Reported national population sizes and trends p. 2 Trend maps of reported national population data p. 4 Sources of reported national population data p. 6 Species factsheet bibliography p. 11 Recommended citation BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Further information http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/euroredlist http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/european-red-list-birds-0 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/ Data requests and feedback To request access to these data in electronic format, provide new information, correct any errors or provide feedback, please email [email protected]. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Alcedo atthis (Common Kingfisher) Table 1. Reported national breeding population size and trends in Europe1. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 -
The Effect of Invasive Earthworm Lumbricus Terrestris on The
The Effect of Invasive Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on the Distribution of Nitrogen in Soil Profile Sarah Adelson, Christine Doman, Gillian Golembiewski, Luke Middleton University of Michigan Biological Station, Spring 2009 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if Lumbricus terrestris, an invasive earthworm in Northern Michigan, is redistributing nitrogen from the organic soil layer to the deeper, mineral soil layer. L. terrestris burrow 2 meters vertically into the ground and emerge to feed on freshly fallen leaf litter. The study included collecting of L. terrestris in 16 0.5 m square plots by method of electro-shock. Soil cores from a depth of 0-5 and 30-40 cm as well as leaf litter were taken from each plot to determine nitrogen content and nitrogen isotope ratios. Data analysis resulted in no significance between plots with earthworms and without earthworms in both nitrogen, N, isotope ratios and N content. Plots with L. terrestris showed no difference between the organic and mineral soil layer. This result suggests that L. terrestris are homogenizing soil layers. However, smaller than ideal sample sizes limit interpretive capacity of the results. Further research needs to be completed to confirm these perceived trends. The analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios suggest that there is another source of 15N other than leaf litter and L. terrestris that is contributing to soil composition and therefore the contribution of each was not conclusively determined. Introduction Invasion of an exotic species into an ecosystem is one of the leading threats to biologically diverse ecosystems throughout the world. Exotic species are initially introduced as a solution for food, farming, aesthetic purposes, or even accidentally. -
Nesting of Green-Billed Coucals Centropus Chlororhynchos in Sinharaja, Sri Lanka
FORKTAIL 15 (1999): 43-45 Nesting of Green-billed Coucals Centropus chlororhynchos in Sinharaja, Sri Lanka MARTIN WIJESINGHE [Translated from a Sinhala manuscript by Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne] An account of the discovery of a nest of Green-billed Coucals Centropus chlororhynchos is presented with some observations made during the nesting period. Observations indicate that bill colour varies from ivory during breeding to pale green in the post-breeding state. Nests observed were in the tree Wendlandia bicuspidata (family Rubiaceae), leading to speculation that the coucals may have a preference for nesting in this tree. The Green-billed Coucal Centropus chlororhynchos (see daily. The nest-building was repeated over the next few note 1), endemic to Sri Lanka, is slightly smaller than days. However, from 12 October onwards I failed to see the Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis parroti, a familiar the birds there. Nonetheless, as I could hear them calling bird of garden and field. Its bill is slightly larger than in the distance, I suspected they may be nest-building that of the Greater Coucal and has a greenish tinge (see in the area and searched an area of about 20 acres note 2). The male is slightly larger than the female, but without success. I persisted, and on 28 October, on otherwise the sexes are similar. The black feathers on hearing the birds calling at the earlier site, I hastened the head and neck have a purple iridescence but often across. I discovered the birds constructing a new nest the head looks glossy black. The wings are chestnut. -
Earthworm Annelid Dissection External Anatomy
Name: Section: Earthworm Annelid Dissection External Anatomy Examine your preserved earthworm and determine the anterior and posterior ends in addition to its dorsal and ventral sides. The ventral side will be slightly flattened and will have two openings types of opening. Locate the worm's mouth and anus. Near the mouth will be a fleshy protruberance called the prostomium. The prostomium is located on the dorsal surface of the worm. Note the swelling of the earthworm near its anterior side - this is the clitellum. Label the clitellum on the drawing. The clitellum is active in the formation of an egg capsule, or cocoon. The openings toward the anterior of the worm are the male genital pores or sperm ducts. There are two pairs. The first pair is anterior to the second pair. The second pair is called the genital setae. They are tiny and are located just above the clitellum. They may be too small to see but may be visualized using a dissecting microscope. Sperm are produced in the testes and pass out through these pores. Just above the first pair of sperm ducts are the female genital pores. Again, these may be too small to see without a dissecting microscope. Eggs are produced in the ovaries and pass out of the body through these pores. Locate the dark line that runs down the dorsal side of the worm, this is the dorsal blood vessel. The ventral blood vessel can be seen on the underside of the worm, though it is usually not as dark. Internal Anatomy 1. Place the specimen in the dissecting pan DORSAL side up. -
An Invasive Fish and the Time-Lagged Spread of Its Parasite Across the Hawaiian Archipelago
An Invasive Fish and the Time-Lagged Spread of Its Parasite across the Hawaiian Archipelago Michelle R. Gaither1,2*, Greta Aeby2, Matthias Vignon3,4, Yu-ichiro Meguro5, Mark Rigby6,7, Christina Runyon2, Robert J. Toonen2, Chelsea L. Wood8,9, Brian W. Bowen2 1 Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i at Ma¯noa, Kane’ohe, Hawai’i, United States of America, 3 UMR 1224 Ecobiop, UFR Sciences et Techniques Coˆte Basque, Univ Pau and Pays Adour, Anglet, France, 4 UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Aquapoˆle, INRA, St Pe´e sur Nivelle, France, 5 Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan, 6 Parsons, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America, 7 Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 8 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, 9 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America Abstract Efforts to limit the impact of invasive species are frustrated by the cryptogenic status of a large proportion of those species. Half a century ago, the state of Hawai’i introduced the Bluestripe Snapper, Lutjanus kasmira, to O’ahu for fisheries enhancement. Today, this species shares an intestinal nematode parasite, Spirocamallanus istiblenni, with native Hawaiian fishes, raising the possibility that the introduced fish carried a parasite that has since spread to naı¨ve local hosts. Here, we employ a multidisciplinary approach, combining molecular, historical, and ecological data to confirm the alien status of S. -
Breeding Biology of Blue-Eared Kingfisher Alcedo Meninting Sachin Balkrishna Palkar
PALKAR: Blue-eared Kingfisher 85 Breeding biology of Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting Sachin Balkrishna Palkar Palkar, S. B., 2016. Breeding biology of Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting. Indian BIRDS 11 (4): 85–90. Sachin Balkrishna Palkar, Near D. B. J. College Gymkhana, Sathyabhama Sadan, House No. 100, Mumbai–Goa highway, Chiplun 415605, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received on 30 November 2015. Abstract The breeding biology of the Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting was studied in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India, between 2012 and 2015. Thirteen clutches of four pairs were studied. Its breeding season extended from June till September. Pairs excavated tunnels ranging in lengths from 18 to 30 cm, with nest entrance diameters varying from 5.3 to 6.0 cm. The same pair probably reuse a nest across years. A typical clutch comprised six eggs. The incubation period was 21 days (20–23 days), while fledgling period was 23 days (20–27 days). Almost 40% of the nests were double-brooded, which ratio probably depends on the strength of the monsoon. Of 75 eggs laid, 66 hatched (88%), of which 60 fledged (90.9%; a remarkable breeding success of 80%. Introduction and not phillipsi. It is also found in the Andaman Islands (A. The Blue-eared KingfisherAlcedo meninting [113, 114] is m. rufiagastra), where it is, apparently, more abundant than morphologically similar to the Common KingfisherA. atthis but the Common Kingfisher, contrary to its status elsewhere in its is neither as common, nor as widely distributed, in India, as the range (Rasmussen & Anderton 2012). -
The Herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and Lower Cuando River Catchments of South-Eastern Angola
Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 10(2) [Special Section]: 6–36 (e126). The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola 1,2,*Werner Conradie, 2Roger Bills, and 1,3William R. Branch 1Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, SOUTH AFRICA 2South African Institute for Aquatic Bio- diversity, P/Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, SOUTH AFRICA 3Research Associate, Department of Zoology, P O Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, SOUTH AFRICA Abstract.—Angola’s herpetofauna has been neglected for many years, but recent surveys have revealed unknown diversity and a consequent increase in the number of species recorded for the country. Most historical Angola surveys focused on the north-eastern and south-western parts of the country, with the south-east, now comprising the Kuando-Kubango Province, neglected. To address this gap a series of rapid biodiversity surveys of the upper Cubango-Okavango basin were conducted from 2012‒2015. This report presents the results of these surveys, together with a herpetological checklist of current and historical records for the Angolan drainage of the Cubango, Cuito, and Cuando Rivers. In summary 111 species are known from the region, comprising 38 snakes, 32 lizards, five chelonians, a single crocodile and 34 amphibians. The Cubango is the most western catchment and has the greatest herpetofaunal diversity (54 species). This is a reflection of both its easier access, and thus greatest number of historical records, and also the greater habitat and topographical diversity associated with the rocky headwaters. -
MARKET FISHES of INDONESIA Market Fishes
MARKET FISHES OF INDONESIA market fishes Market fishes indonesiaof of Indonesia 3 This bilingual, full-colour identification William T. White guide is the result of a joint collaborative 3 Peter R. Last project between Indonesia and Australia 3 Dharmadi and is an essential reference for fish 3 Ria Faizah scientists, fisheries officers, fishers, 3 Umi Chodrijah consumers and enthusiasts. 3 Budi Iskandar Prisantoso This is the first detailed guide to the bony 3 John J. Pogonoski fish species that are caught and marketed 3 Melody Puckridge in Indonesia. The bilingual layout contains information on identifying features, size, 3 Stephen J.M. Blaber distribution and habitat of 873 bony fish species recorded during intensive surveys of fish landing sites and markets. 155 market fishes indonesiaof jenis-jenis ikan indonesiadi 3 William T. White 3 Peter R. Last 3 Dharmadi 3 Ria Faizah 3 Umi Chodrijah 3 Budi Iskandar Prisantoso 3 John J. Pogonoski 3 Melody Puckridge 3 Stephen J.M. Blaber The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia’s international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia’s contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used, this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by ACIAR. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research and development objectives. -
The Trematode Parasites of Marine Mammals
THE TREMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS By Emmett W. Pkice Parasitologist, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry United States Department of Agriculture The internal parasites of marine mammals have not been exten- sively studied, although a fairly large number of species have been described. In attempting to identify the trematodes from mammals of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia, as represented by specimens in the United States National Museum helminthological collection, it was necessary to review the greater part of the litera- ture dealing with this group of parasitic worms. In view of the fact that there is not in existence a single comprehensive paper on the trematodes of these mammals, and that many of the descrip- tions of species have appeared in publications having more or less limited circulation, the writer has undertaken to assemble descriptions of all trematodes reported from these hosts, with the hope that such a paper may serve a useful purpose in aiding other workers in de- termining specimens at their disposal. In addition to compiling the descriptions of species not available to the writer, two new species, one of which represents a new genus, have been described. Specimens representing 10 of the previously described species have been studied and emendations or additions have been made to the existing descriptions; in a few instances the species have been completely reclescribed. Three species, Distoinwni pallassil Poirier, D. vaUdwim von Lin- stow, and D. am/pidlacewni Buttel-Reepen, have been omitted from this paper despite the fact that they have been reported from ceta- ceans. These species belong in the family Hemiuridae, and since all species of this family are parasites of fishes, the writer feels that their reported occurrence in mammals may be regarded as either errors of some sort or cases of accidental parasitism in which fishes have been eaten by mammals and the fish parasites found in the mammal post-mortem. -
IIIIIHIIIIIIINII 3 0692 1078 60« 1' University of Ghana
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh SITY Of OMAN* IIBRADV QL391.N4 B51 blthrC.1 G365673 The Balme Library IIIIIHIIIIIIINII 3 0692 1078 60« 1' University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh GUINEA WORM: SOCIO-CULTURAL STUDIES, MORPHOMETRY, HISTOMORPHOLOGY, VECTOR SPECIES AND DNA PROBE FOR DRACUNCULUS SPECIES. A thesis Presented to the Board of Graduate Studies, University of Ghana, Legon. Ghana. In fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) (Zoology). Langbong Bimi M. Phil. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana. September 2001 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I do hereby declare that except for references to other people’s investigations which I duly acknowledged, this exercise is the result of my own original research, and that this thesis, either in whole, or in part, has not been presented for another degree elsewhere. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE DATE LANGBONG BIMI -==4=^". (STUDENT) University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 1 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the Bimi family in memory of our late father - Mr. Combian Bimi Dapaah (CBD), affectionately known as Nanaanbuang by his admirers. You never limited us with any preconceived notions of what we could or could not achieve. You made us to understand that the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake, and that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one step at a time. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh SUPERVISORS NATU DATE 1.