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Harm Reduction Associated with Inhalation and Oral Administration of Cannabis And

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Pharmacokinetic comparison of THC application to humans via in- travenous, respiratory and oral routes. (Agurell et al. 1986, Azorlosa et al. 1992, Frytak et al. 1984, Wall et al. 1983, Ohlsson et al. 1980, Perez-Reyes et al. 1981, Perez-Reyes et al. 1973) Parameter Intravenous Inhaled Oral (lipophilic vehicle) Absorption 100% 10-30 (up to 50)% > 95% Systemic bioavailability 100% 10-30 (up to 50)% 10-20% Psychotropic threshold per kg 0.02 mg/kg 0.06-0.1 mg/kg 0.2-0.3 mg/kg body weight Psychotropic threshold per 1 mg 3-6 mg ca. 10-20 mg individual Maximum plasma concentration 30-50 ng/ml 30-50 ng/ml 3-5 ng/ml at the psychotropic threshold Dose producing marked 2-4 mg 10-20 (up to 50) mg 30-40 (up to 90) mg intoxication* Onset of action within seconds within seconds 30-60 (up to 120) min Duration of action** 2-3 (up to 4) h 2-3 (up to 4) h 5-8 (up to 12) h * Doses producing a marked intoxication vary according to duration of therapy. Longer use may result in the development of tolerance, and higher doses are needed to achieve the similar effects. ** Duration of action varies according to examined effect and especially with oral use according to dose. 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