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Definition Paleopathology Methods Postmortem?? Trauma Fracture

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Definition Paleopathology Methods Postmortem?? Trauma Fracture Definition Paleopathology Traumatic Lesions “The science of the disease Artificial Intervention which can be demonstrated Neoplastic Lesions inin human and animal remains Metabolic Lesions of ancient times.” Degenerative Lesions Congenital Abnormalities Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, 1913 InfectiousInfectious LesionsLesions InflammatoryInflammatory LesionsLesions Methods Postmortem?? Gross Findings Rehydration Dissecting Light Microscopic Findings Electron Serological Studies Scanning Electron Chemical Studies Trauma fracture Fracture patterns Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuted 1 Fracture healing Trauma New Blood New Bone Blood Clot New Bone Fracture Vessels Formation Callus Woven bone Fracture callus on juvenile radius dislocation Trauma 2 Artificial Intervention Cradle Boarding - Peru - Perry’s & Collies Fractures Tumpline deformation Tumpline deformation Incomplete TrepAnationS TrepAnationS TrepAnation Healing 3 Modern TrepAnationS Modern TrepAnationS Decoration False Teeth Pre- and Post-Mortem Peruvian skull with agate teeth Neoplastic Lesions Age Benign Lesions Malignant Tumors Ewing’s sarcoma 0-10 simple bone cyst leukemic involvement eosinophilic granuloma metastatic neuroblastoma fibrous dysplasia simple bone cyst osteochondroma (exostosis) osteosarcoma 10-20 osteoid osteoma Ewing's sarcoma osteoblastoma adamantinoma chondroblastoma chondromyxoid fibroma enchondroma chondrosarcoma 20-40 giant cell tumor metastatic tumors myeloma leukemic involvement osteoma 40 & up chondrosarcoma Surgical Repair osteosarcoma chordoma 4 TYPES OF Giant Cell Tumors TUMORS Multiple Myeloma Osteoma Vitamin Deficiencies Metabolic Lesions Vitamin & Mineral Deficiencies Toxic Intakes Generalized Stress Indicators Childhood Stress Indicators Vitamin D deficiency Epiphyseal stunting Softened bones 5 Cribra orbitalia Gout Diploic thickening IronIron deficiency Porotic Hyperostosis Uric acid crystals Part of syndrome Porotic Hyperostosis General stress indicatorsindicators Congenital Lesions Gigantism Hydrocephaly Club Foot Achondroplasia Enamel hypoplasias Spina bifeda Harris Lines Gigantism Gigantism 6 Club Foot Club Foot Achondroplasia Hydrocephaly Hydrocephaly 7 Infectious Lesions Trepanematosis Treponema pallidum, T. pertineu Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Spina bifeda Occulta Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae Treponemal Disease Syphilis, Yaws, Bejel Venereal syphilissyphilis Endemic syphilissyphilis Yaws Trepanematosis Soft Tissue Worldwide Distribution 8 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis TB Treatments Tuberculosis Treponematosis Tuberculosis Treponematosis Initial Lesions Lungs, lymph nodes Skin, mucous tissues Mycobacterium Treponema pallidum; Pathogenesis tuberculosis Treponema pertenue Any organ Mucous tissues, bone 2° Lesions system Respiration, Skin contact Mode of Infection aspiration Prevalence of 10-50% of exposed 100% of exposed Clinical Disease individuals individuals Modal Age at Infection Early childhood Early childhood Bone Lesions 3-15% prevalence 25-50% prevalence Late adolescence, Early childhood Modal Age of Disease early adulthood Major: lytic Major: blastic Response Minor: blastic Minor: lytic Duration of Infectious Intermittent c. 5-10 years throughout life Stage Mortality High Low Potential InformationInformation courtesy of Mary Lucas Powell, Ph.D. InformationInformation courtesy of Mary Lucas Powell, Ph.D. 9 Leprosy leprosy leprosy Hansen’s Disease Mycobacterium lepraeleprae 70% inin India,India, Periostitis Mynmar, & Nepal Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammatory Lesions 10 Degenerative Lesions osteoArthritis N Most common form of arthritis Osteoarthritis N Joint pain, cartilage degeneration, osteophytes Osteoporosis/Osteopenia N Repeated microtrauma to articular cartilage “Occupational Stress” N Little inflammation of synovial lining N Degenerative, not inflammatory N Also called DJD Etiology of osteoArthritis Degenerative Joint Disease Normal loadload on Abnormal loadload abnormal jointjoint on normal jointjoint Genetic defect Excessive load in cartilage injury Result Joint pain disability Loss of articular cartilage Bony remodeling Osteophytosis 11 Osteoporosis vs Osteopenia Osteopenia Bone mineral density cut-off points for osteopenia and osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis vs. Osteopenia Age-related bone loss 12 Differential Diagnosis?? Differential Diagnosis?? Differential Diagnosis ?? Differential Diagnosis ?? Differential Diagnosis ?? 13 Differential Diagnosis ?? 14.
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