Improving occupational safety and health in the global coffee value chain in Honduras: Drivers and constraints Improving occupational safety and health in the global coffee value chain in Honduras: Drivers and constraints Study prepared by Rodrigo Mogrovejo, Senior Technical Adviser, Zero Vision Fund (ILO); and Pilar Cariño, Lino Carmenate, Néstor Meneses and Federico Moncada, Consultants Copyright © International Labour Organization 2020 First Edition 2020 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. 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Improving occupational safety and health in the global coffee value chain in Honduras: Drivers and constraints ISBN: 9789220330098 (print) ISBN: 9789220330081 (web PDF) Also available in Spanish: Incentivos y limitaciones para la mejora de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la cadena mundial de valor del café de Honduras [ISBN: 9789220330067 (Web PDF); ISBN: 9789220330074 (Print)] 2020 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Information on ILO publications and digital products can be found at: www.ilo.org/publns. Printed in Mexico | Foreword Everyone has the right to work in a safe and healthy work environment. Yet 2.8 million workers die every year from work-related causes and 374 million workers suffer from occupational accidents and diseases. The human cost of this adversity is enormous and the economic burden of poor occupational safety and health (OSH) practices is estimated at 4.0 per cent of the world’s annual gross domestic product. The International Labour Organization (ILO) aims to raise global awareness of the dimensions and consequences of work-related accidents, injuries and diseases, and to place the safety and health of all workers on the international agenda in order to stimulate and support practical action at all levels. This is why the ILO, through its Safety and Health for All flagship programme, promotes an OSH culture by designing and implementing effective local solutions that can be replicated globally. A clean, safe and healthy workplace helps to promote decent work. In addition, the establishment of the Vision Zero Fund (VZF), a multidonor trust fund administered by the ILO, demonstrates the international community’s commitment to OSH in global supply chains. As part of a project on the coffee value chain in Honduras funded by the VZF with resources provided by the European Commission, a study was conducted to identify the drivers and constraints affecting OSH and to recommend a number of interventions based on social dialogue. The preliminary results of the study led to a process of dialogue on OSH involving the coffee producers in the regions included in the study and the most representative stakeholders in the coffee value chain in Honduras. The interventions set out in this document — as approved by the Honduran Coffee Institute and the National Coffee Council — reflect the agreements made during that process. Finally, the study and its interventions were approved and endorsed at a national tripartite meeting. Carmen Moreno Director, ILO Office for Central America, Haiti, Panama and the Dominican Republic | Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Maria E. Munaretto, Technical Officer, Vision Zero Fund, and Ana Catalina Ramirez, ILO Technical Specialist in Occupational Safety and Health, for their review and technical comments. Thanks are also due to Patricia Montes and Monica Sayrols, Consultants, for editorial style and coordination, respectively. The authors would also like to thank the stakeholders in the coffee supply chain in Honduras and its institutional support services who shared their experience and opened the doors of their organizations and companies to the research team, in particular COHEP; IHCAFE; CONACAFE; ADECAFEH; STSS; CGT, CTH and CUTH; and the representatives of certifiers and cooperatives. The authors are grateful to the ILO Office for Central America, Haiti, Panama and the Dominican Republic, in particular Ockert Dupper, Programme Manager, Vision Zero Fund Programme, and Leticia Soni, Administrative Assistant, ILO Office for Mexico and Cuba. Finally, the financial support of the European Commission through the Vision Zero Fund is gratefully acknowledged. | Table of contents Foreword 3 List of abbreviations and acronyms 10 Introduction 13 1. The coffee value chain in Honduras 1.1 Market and product 20 1.2 Value chain structure 24 1.3 Key transactions 31 1.4 OSH institutions and regulations in Honduras 60 1.5 OSH support functions and services 79 1.6 OSH vulnerability profile in the production phase of the coffee value chain in Honduras 93 2. Improving OSH: Drivers and constraints 2.1 Constraints 116 2.2 Drivers 125 3. Intervention areas for improving OSH in Honduras 3.1 Establish a process of dialogue with global buyers on the importance of OSH 132 3.2 Update OSH regulations 132 3.3 Strengthen CONASATH and establish a national OSH policy 133 3.4 Establish a dialogue on improving the OSH focus of coffee certifications 133 3.5 Conduct a study to propose strategies for expanding social protection coverage in the coffee sector 134 3.6 Harmonize OSH data-collection and monitoring /evaluation processes 134 3.7 Provide OSH training for institutional actors in the coffee value chain 135 3.8 Provide OSH training for inspectors and auditors 135 3.9 Provide OSH training for producers and workers 135 3.10 Launch an awareness campaign targeted at producers and workers 136 3.11 Establish OSH management systems in companies and promote the establishment of OSH committees 136 3.12 Create a strategy for improving the quality of Honduras coffee 137 3.13 Promote the responsible use of chemicals, especially herbicides, pesticides, insecticides and fungicides 137 4. Bibliography 148 5. Annexes 151 Improving occupational safety and health in the global coffee 8 value chain in Honduras: Drivers and constraints | Maps Map 1. Coffee-producing regions in Honduras covered in this study Map 2. Areas in Honduras with the highest concentration of specialty and certified coffees Map 3. Distribution of labour inspectors in Honduras, by city and department | Tables Table 1. Top ten coffee-producing countries, 2013/14–2017/18, in thousands of 60 kg bags Table 2. Average price per quintal of Latin America’s leading coffee-producing countries, 2015–2019 Table 3. Top ten coffee-exporting countries, 2013/14–2017/18, in thousands of 60 kg bags Table 4. Cost-earnings ratio of coffee chain actors in Honduras (lempiras/mz) Table 5. Coffee production in Honduras: producers and cultivated area, by department Table 6. Stratification of coffee producers in Honduras, by cultivated area (summary) Table 7. Stratification of coffee producers in Honduras, by level of technology Table 8. Coffee production in Honduras: producers, cultivated area, production and productivity, by department Table 9. Major coffee production operations in Honduras Table 10. Leading coffee-exporting companies in Honduras Table 11. Key characteristics of the coffee value chain in Honduras Table 12. ILO conventions ratified by Honduras Table 13. Laws and policies related to OSH in Honduras Table 14. OSH-related regulations for agriculture in Honduras, as contained in the RGMPATEP Table 15. Distribution of labour inspectors in Honduras, by city Table 16. Distribution of labour inspectors in Honduras, by department Table 17. CONASATH member units, institutions and organizations in Honduras Table 18 Total population in Honduras affiliated with IHSS and each of its insurance schemes Table 19. Number of companies and insured workers in Honduras, by agriculture-related economic activity group Table 20. Main private compliance initiatives in the coffee value chain in Honduras Table 21. Work accidents in Honduras reported by STSS, 2010–2019 Improving occupational safety and health in the global coffee value chain in Honduras: Drivers and constraints 9 Table 22. Work accidents in coffee-producing companies in Honduras reported by STSS, 2010–2019 Table 23. Work accidents in Honduras reported by IHSS, January–June 2019 Table 24. Occupational