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WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 26(2):161–162 • AUG 2019 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: MourningOn the Road to Understanding Geckos the Ecology and Conservation (Lepidodactylus of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M.lugubris Kapfer 190 ) . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 EstablishedRESEARCH ARTICLES on Abaco Island, The Bahamas . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 1 2 2 3 . The KnightSean Anole T. ( AnolisGiery equestris, Jessica) in Florida N. Pita-Aquino , Jason Kolbe , and Jonah Piovia-Scott 1Department ............................................. of Biology, The PennsylvaniaBrian J. Camposano, State Kenneth University, L. Krysko, University Kevin M. Enge,Park, Ellen Pennsylvania M. Donlan, and16802 Michael ([email protected] Granatosky 212 ) 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 CONSERVATION ALERT 3School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington 98686 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 t 2030–2300 h on. The 15–21 “Dow Jones September Index” of Biodiversity 2018, ............................................................................................................................... we encoun- The establishment of L. ............lugubris 225 on Abaco marks the Atered MourningHUSBANDRY Geckos (Lepidodactylus lugubris) while seventh species of nonnative reptile and amphibian estab- searching 3.4 ha of bushes,. Captive trees, Care of theand Central buildings Netted Dragon in a....................................................................................................... residential lished on Abaco, four Shannonof which Plummer have 226 become established complex located at PROFILEthe eastern end of Marsh Harbour, Abaco within the last decade (Knapp et al. 2011; Powell et al. 2012; Island, The Bahamas. (26.544274°N,Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting –77.049793°W; Herpetology ................................................................................................ WGS Giery 2013; Giery et al. Michael2017; L. TregliaReynolds 234 and Giery in press). 84). The habitat consisted of landscaped vegetation and border- Notably, invasion occurred despite a relatively diverse verte- COMMENTARY ing coppice surrounding this seaside complex. We observed no brate community. At this site in Marsh Harbour, six addi- . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238 juveniles or hatchlings but did see as many as five individuals on tional species of lizards are abundant: Brown Anole (Anolis a given night. DuringBOOK a subsequent REVIEW visit on 15–22 May 2019, sagrei), Bark Anole (A. distichus), Bahamian Green Anole . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, we did see two juveniles andR. Berridge, at least P. Ramani, one andgravid B.E. Young female, .............................................................................................................. provid- (A. smaragdinus), Tropical Robert House Powell 243 Gecko (Hemidactylus ing direct evidence of reproduction. Most Mourning Geckos mabouia), Ocellated Gecko (Sphaerodactylus notatus), and were observed using distalCONSERVATION branches ofRESEARCH ornamental REPORTS: shrubs Summaries (e.g., of PublishedNorthern Conservation Curlytail Research Reports (Leiocephalus ................................. cairnatus 245 ). Predators such NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 Nerium oleander, Ixora NEWBRIEFS sp.), small ............................................................................................................................... trees (e.g., Conocarpus erec- as the Northern....................................................... Bahamas Boa (Chilabothrus 248 exsul), Cuban tus), Coconut Palm frondsEDITORIAL (Cocos INFORMATION nucifera), ............................................................................................................................... and Screw Pine Treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis......................), 251 domestic cats (Felis sil- (Pandanus utilis) thickets. FOCUS DuringON CONSERVATION the second: A visit, Project theyYou Can also Support ...............................................................................................vestris catus), and Black Rats (Rattus 252 rattus) are commonly were observed using artificial structures (e.g., buildings and seen as well (Reynolds et al. 2016). No additional areas painted concrete walls), and several appeared to be consuming were surveyed for these lizards and their distribution in the insects attracted to artificial lights. Coleman Sheehy III at the wider Marsh Harbour area and on Abaco Island is unknown. Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Florida Museum of Natural History Totatverified et velleseque the identity audant mo of the However,Totat et velleseque given audant an ability mo to invade diverse communities and geckos from a photographic voucher estibus(FMNH inveliquo 188143). velique rerchil useestibus a variety inveliquo ofvelique habitats, rerchil expansion on Abaco Island is likely. erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Fig. 1. Two adult Mourning Geckos (Lepidodactylus lugubris) found in Marsh Harbour, Abaco Island, The Bahamas in September 2018 (left) and the habitat in which they were found (a multi-unit residential complex composed of landscaped vegetation and abundant artificial surfaces; right). Photographs by S. Giery. Copyright © 2019. Sean T. Giery. All rights reserved. 161 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 GIERY ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 26(2):161–162 • AUG 2019 Mourning Geckos have been well-established human Abaco Island, The Bahamas, and notes of their current distribution in the commensals along the Pacific Coast of Central and South Greater Caribbean region. Reptiles & Amphibians 20: 36–39. Giery, S.T., D. Richard, and J.T. Stroud. 2017. Establishment of the Eastern America (Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Ecuador) Narrowmouthed Frog (Gastrophryne carolinensis) on Abaco Island in The since before the start of the 20th century (Smith and Grant Bahamas, with notes on the species’ current distribution in the West Indies. 1961; Myers and Rand 1969; Hoogmoed and Avila-Pires Reptiles & Amphibians 24: 139–141. Goetz, M. and F.J. Burton. 2018. First record of the Mourning Gecko, 2015). However, their dispersal along the Atlantic Coast Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron 1836), on Grand Cayman, has been much slower. Although established in the Panama Cayman Islands. Reptiles & Amphibians 25: 158–159. Canal Zone since 1919 and the Nicaraguan coast since ~1976 Hoogmoed, M.S. and T.C.S. Avila-Pires. 2015. Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron 1836) (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), an introduced lizard new for Brazil, (Hoogmoed and Avila-Pires 2015), only recently has the spe- with remarks on and correction of its distribution in the New World. Zootaxa cies become established in the Greater Caribbean: Curacao, 4000: 90–110. Guadeloupe, Grand Cayman, Cuba, The Bahamas, Utila Jimenez, R.R. and J.G. Abarca. 2015. Records for the Mourning Gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) and its expansion in Costa Rica. Mesoamerican (Honduras), Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname, Herpetology 2: 214–217. and Florida (Bauer et al. 2007; Knapp et al. 2011; Krysko Johnson, S., S.D. Buckner, and D. Knowles. 2018. Another parthenogenetic species et al. 2011; Lorvelec et al. 2011, 2017; Daza et al. 2012; of gecko on New Providence Island, The Bahamas. Reptiles & Amphibians 25: 215–216. Hoogmoed and Avila-Pires 2015; Jimenez and Abarca 2015; Knapp, C.R., J.B. Iverson, S.D. Buckner, and S.V Cant. 2011. Conservation Krysko and Mackenzie-Krysko 2016; Senaris et al. 2017; of amphibians and reptiles in The Bahamas, pp. 53–87. Conservation of Bosch and Páez 2017; Borroto-Páez 2018; Goetz and Burton Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas, Volume 2: Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 2018; Johnson et al. 2018; Behm et al. 2019; Brown and Krysko, K.L. and C. Mackenzie-Krysko. 2016. First report of the Mourning Gecko, Diotallevi 2019; Liebgold
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  • Describing Species

    Describing Species

    DESCRIBING SPECIES Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists Judith E. Winston COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © 1999 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data © Winston, Judith E. Describing species : practical taxonomic procedure for biologists / Judith E. Winston, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-06824-7 (alk. paper)—0-231-06825-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Biology—Classification. 2. Species. I. Title. QH83.W57 1999 570'.1'2—dc21 99-14019 Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 98765432 p 10 98765432 The Far Side by Gary Larson "I'm one of those species they describe as 'awkward on land." Gary Larson cartoon celebrates species description, an important and still unfinished aspect of taxonomy. THE FAR SIDE © 1988 FARWORKS, INC. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Universal Press Syndicate DESCRIBING SPECIES For my daughter, Eliza, who has grown up (andput up) with this book Contents List of Illustrations xiii List of Tables xvii Preface xix Part One: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 3 Describing the Living World 3 Why Is Species Description Necessary? 4 How New Species Are Described 8 Scope and Organization of This Book 12 The Pleasures of Systematics 14 Sources CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 19 Humans as Taxonomists 19 Biological Nomenclature 21 Folk Taxonomy 23 Binomial Nomenclature 25 Development of Codes of Nomenclature 26 The Current Codes of Nomenclature 50 Future of the Codes 36 Sources 39 Part Two: Recognizing Species 41 CHAPTER 3.