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Human Development Passages to Montessori Adulthood 2 AMI Journal 2020 Human Development – Human Development Passages to Montessori Adulthood 2 AMI Journal 2020 Human Development – Passages to Montessori Adulthood AMI Journal 2020 3 Editorial Team David Kahn, Executive Editor Joke Verheul, Managing Editor Aurora Bell, Editor Proofreaders: Carolina Montessori, Joke Verheul, Renee Ergazos Design: Toon van Lieshout, C03, Amsterdam Original material © 2020 by the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI). No content from this publication may be reproduced without permission from AMI. The AMI Journal is grateful to the Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company for permission to reproduce primary texts by Maria Montessori. We would like to express our gratitude to Baiba Krumins Grazzini for her generous sharing of essential knowledge and material from the legacy of Centro Internazionale Studi Montessoriani, also known as “Bergamo”. Thanks are also due to the North American Montessori Teachers’ Association (NAMTA) for access to its archival materials. Photographs and images in this issue: The Maria Montessori Archives, Amsterdam, Xavier Barrameda, Guadalupe Borbolla, Jennifer Brush, Cornerstone Montessori School, Judith Cunningham, Bill Detmer, Silvia C. Dubovoy, Forest Bluff Montessori School, Baiba Krumins Grazzini, Jenny Marie Höglund, Ruby Lau, Steve Lawrence, Gerard Leonard, Lesley Ann Patrick, Benjamin Staehli, The Sustainability & Indaba Institutes, Winnetka Public Schools, stock photography. ISSN: 1877-539X Acknowledgments This journal has an extraordinary range of contributions on an enriching range of topics, brought together in an adverse time. I would like to extend a special thank-you to Lynne Lawrence and Joke Verheul for being so receptive to this approach to the journal, which breaks away from the traditional discourse for an AMI Journal. Joke’s ability to find the right art and article resources and her editorial specificity for data is commendable. Our outside editor, Aurora Bell, always gives her attention to style and structure with the joy and dignity of her craft. For this journal we had a vast number of articles that gained visual impact from Toon van Lieshout’s layout skills. Thank-you always to Renee Ergazos for her help in the editorial process. I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the dedication of my wife, Barbara Kahn, who gives without charge her absolute best effort to shaping my first drafts. David Kahn AMI Board Philip O’Brien, President Ian Stockdale, Treasurer Lynne Lawrence, Executive director Jennifer Davidson Henk Franken Christine Harrison Jacquie Maughan Patricia Miller Jennifer Shields Junnifa Uzodike 4 AMI Journal 2020 Opening Remarks Here between the hither and the farther shore While time is withdrawn, consider the future And the past with an equal mind. (T.S. Eliot, “The Dry Salvages”, 1941) Twenty-twenty, twenty-twenty — what a great rhythm — education that evokes global citizenship, love, respect a year in which the Montessori community was ready to and appreciation of others and of Planet Earth. It is dance to an inviting beat, celebrating the 150th birthday AMI’s mission to build on Maria Montessori’s legacy; of Maria Montessori. Then came COVID-19 and because to deepen our knowledge, to embrace all of life and of it and other startling global events, not least the human development in our studies and advocacy. important focus on the fact that still in the year 2020 a person can be prejudicially treated due to the colour We hope that our friends and partners will continue to of their skin, the belief system that they hold and the consider her legacy with deep commitment, continue gender that they are, a new awareness and urgency to question how we can all, each in our own way, bring emerged in our work. Many initiatives were affected, this legacy to a wider audience, whilst gaining deeper events were postponed, where we would have met in knowledge along the way. What has Maria Montessori person and engaged in lively conversation, recognizing really left us? An inspirational vision of human develop- that special spirit in each other’s “Montessori mind”. ment? A mission as to how to best serve human children Paradoxically perhaps in these times, we are confirmed in a healthy process of growing and becoming? A in our conviction of the necessity of following in the philosophy on how to help children and adults build footsteps of Maria Montessori: her advocacy for reform, a society that values all people? A call to action for an a revolution in education — a complete breaking away approach that leads to ecological sustainability? An from received traditions, if we want to offer education education offering a life-changing vision, from birth to that supports our natural human development in a just adulthood, throughout our lives? Once we have interro- and equitable world. We are even more acutely aware, gated these questions, quested for greater knowledge in this year twenty-twenty, of Maria Montessori’s philo- and re-affirmed our values, we can all choose our own sophy, her strong commitment to a harmonious world particular path and continue our journey together — filled with respect for one another, for Planet Earth and our learning curves will be many and rewarding. particularly conscious of our individual and collective responsibility to uphold this vision. These times have In that spirit I invite you to reflect on the articles in this demonstrated that education, which humankind has Journal and use them as seeds for your own continued determined is a fundamental human right, can so easily exploration of the work that lies ahead and express be “pushed aside” by competing economic interests and the hope that our celebrations of Maria Montessori’s ingrained prejudices both conscious and unconscious. birthday are but a prelude to elevating our joint commitment and knowledge in service to humanity. Montessori Education is driven by incredibly committed people, but we must set our minds to touching the lives of We are extremely grateful to David Kahn, to whom we more children and adults across the globe and we must turned when considering the production of this Journal. tackle those issues that still stand in the way of equitable A Journal to mark the 150th birthday of Maria Montessori and inclusive access to a Montessori educational approach. was no small undertaking and AMI’s managing editor, How can we reach more children including those in under- Joke Verheul and I, called upon David for his consider able served, under-valued and marginalized populations expertise, breadth of experience and history in the move- whose ability to access quality education is so much ment and requested that he become the Executive Editor. harder than it should be at the start of twenty-twenty? Having created the conceptual framework, David has worked How can we support our elders who are deserving of many, many hours, researching articles, embellishing a healthy, dignified and active life to the very end? How and expanding on the theme and refining content and do we ensure that the deeply embedded principles of linkage; for all this and more AMI is extremely grateful to responsibility and stewardship for Planet Earth and our him for volunteering his time over many months. Our Cosmos find even greater resonance in the future? We hope is that you too will find hours of stimulation and are at a critical juncture. We have to step up our resolve reflection from the articles sourced for your enjoyment. to develop, within ourselves, an ever greater and more finely nuanced understanding of Montessori principles Lynne Lawrence and we must increase our capacity to deliver it in Executive Director, practice. The pathway to a better world is education, Association Montessori Internationale AMI Journal 2020 5 6 AMI Journal 2020 PREFACE ‘Hey you!’ a friend cried out as he floated down the river on his boat. ‘Be my companion. Jump on and enjoy the star-studded night sky.’ I jump into his flowing consciousness, the rustling sound of ideas finding connections and movement on the stream, the sound of nocturnal crickets. The panorama blurs as we float and wonder at the life surrounding us. Montessori pedagogy builds as we recall the wonder of the ‘planes of education’. What is the coherence of the flowing ideas, these ideas in motion? The what for and wherefore of the philosophical questions gather points of consciousness along the river open to a bigger convergence of Montessori wisdom. We form a community of Montessori thinkers trying to do just that in 2020 with adolescents. Listen to the trailblazers of the Montessori past and present. ‘Life is a series of rebirths.’ A landscape sign reads ‘Welcome to the Century of Adolescents’. There are changes in Montessori philosophy created by the revelations of development. After welcoming the adolescent plane into nature’s whole, we reach the outer world of a loving universe and the inner reality of world consciousness. We respond to ‘Man, the Unknown’, which is simply the desire to learn more and to work harder, making our world better for the next Montessori generation, rowing around the shoals, finding the peace that the night sky provides. The lighted way opens to our gift of discovery. David Kahn For easy navigation of this journal, simply click on the title or page number of any article in the table of contents and you will be brought swiftly to the right location. At the end of each article, with one click on you can return to the table of contents. AMI Journal 2020 7 SECTION 1 Flow of Consciousness of Social Direction and History of Thought Editor’s Remarks 15 The Vision of Montessori in Perpetuity David Kahn An Approximal Point of Origin of Montessori Reform 16 The Secret of Childhood Maria Montessori To Save Displaced Children and Young Refugees 18 Montessori’s Early Initiatives for Children at Risk Erica Moretti Launching a Montessori Journey, at the Headwaters 26 Teacher Preparation David Kahn The Primacy of the Four Planes Psychology over Cosmic View 30 David Kahn Maria Montessori’s Cosmic Vision, Cosmic Plan, and Cosmic Education 32 Camillo Grazzini Introducing Abs Joosten, the Spark of the Montessori Revolution 42 Molly O’Shaughnessy A.
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