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140 Genus Bicyclus Kirby AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Bicyclus Kirby, [1871] In: Kirby, [1871], [1877]. A synonymic catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera 47 (690 pp. (1871); Suppl. 691-883 (1877). London). [Replacement name for Idiomorphus Doumet.] = Idiomorphus Doumet, 1861. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqué (2) 13: 174 (171- 178). Type-species: Idiomorphus hewitsonii Dourmet, by monotypy. [Invalid; junior homonym of Idiomorphus de Chaudoir, 1846.] = Monotrichtis Hampson, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 179 (179-184). Type-species: Mycalesis safitza Westwood, by original designation. = Dicothyris Karsch, 1893. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 203 (1-266). Type- species: Mycalesis sambulos Hewitson, by subsequent designation (Hemming, 1935. Stylops 4: 1 (1-3).). The genus Bicyclus belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833; Tribe Satyrini Boisduval, 1833; Subtribe Mycalesina Reuter, 1896. The other genera in the Subtribe Mycalesina in the Afrotropical Region are Hallelesis, Heteropsis and Brakefieldia. Bicyclus (Bush Browns) is an Afrotropical genus containing 102 species (October, 2016). Generic review by Condamin (1973). Relevant literature: Duplouy & Brattstrom, 2017 [Wolbachia in Bicyclus]. Hedenstrom et al., 2015 [Chemical analysis of pheromones in 17 Bicyclus species]. Brakefield & Joran, 2010 [Evolution of flexibility of wing patterns]. Oliver et al., 2009 [Natural and sexual selection in wing pattern evolution]. Arbesman et al., 2003 [Evolution of wing patterns]. *Bicyclus abnormis (Dudgeon, 1909) Western White-tipped Bush Brown 1 Western White-tipped Bush Brown (Bicyclus abnormis). Kwabina-sam, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai. Mycalesis abnormis Dudgeon, 1909. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 52 (50-54). Type locality: Ghana: “Gold Coast, Ashanti (Bompata)”. Distribution: Guinea (north-east), Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana (western, central). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Lamto (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ashanti (TL); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Atewa Range (Aduse-Poku & Doku-Marfo, 2007). Habitat: Forest of reasonable quality (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) took a number on papaya-bait. The species is rarely found outside wetter forests in good condition and more are caught in traps than are hand- netted (Larsen, pers. comm.). Habits: This is a scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Bicyclus albocincta (Rebel, 1914) Mycales [sic] albocincta Rebel, 1914. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 260 (219-294). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Randgebirgen im Nordwesten des Tanganyika-Sees”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east, Uele). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Bicyclus alboplaga (Rebel, 1914) Mycalesis alboplaga Rebel, 1914. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 257 (219-294). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Urwalde bei Ukaika”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Ituri, Kivu), Central African Republic, Uganda. Specific localities: Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Camp PPG, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ukaika (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Bicyclus amieti Libert, 1996 Bicyclus amieti Libert, 1996. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 101 (2): 201 (201-208). 2 Type locality: Cameroon. The types are in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Distribution: Cameroon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Bicyclus analis (Aurivillius, 1895) Anal-patch Bush Brown Mycalesis analis Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 113 (113-120). Type locality: Cameroon: “Camerun interior: Yaunde”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a). Distribution: Nigeria (east; Knoop, vide Larsen, 2005a), Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Ituri, Kivu), Uganda (west). Misattributed to the West African fauna west of the Dahomey Gap by Condamin (1973) (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Cameroon – Yaounde (TL); Korup (T. Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Bicyclus angulosa (Butler, 1868) Startled Bush Brown Startled Bush Brown (Bicyclus angulosa) female underside. Chambishi, Zambia. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Mycalesis angulosa Butler, 1868. Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum 130 (211 pp.). London. Bicyclus angulosus (Butler, 1868). Pringle et al., 1994: 51. 3 Bicyclus angulosa selousi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 26 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. Bicyclus angulosa selousi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 26 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. Alternative common name: Angular Bush Brown. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Diagnosis: There is a prominent white elliptical streak on the underside of the forewing (Pringle et al., 1994). Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Habitat: Dense savanna, including Brachystegia woodland (Kielland, 1990d; Pringle et al., 1994). In Tanzania it is found at altitudes from 300 to 1 600 m in the eastern parts (local) and from 800 to 2 000 m in western Tanzania (very common) (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Tends to be found in isolated colonies (Pringle et al., 1994). Settles in the shade cast by trees when the weather is hot (Larsen, 1991c). It tends to be more active in the late afternoon and early evening. Marshall noted specimens flying about in the tree-tops at midday (Pringle et al., 1994). Both sexes are attracted by fermenting fruit (Pringle et al., 1994). Flight period: The wet-season form flies from December to May and the dry-season form from May to September (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Bicyclus angulosa angulosa (Butler, 1868) Mycalesis angulosa Butler, 1868. Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum 4 130 (211 pp.). London. Bicyclus angulosa selousi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 26 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. Bicyclus angulosa selousi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Chingola, Zambia. 26 April 1998. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east), Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya (west). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Togo – Klouto (Safian et al., 2009). Cameroon – Busamtere (Gaede, 1915). Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (Holland, 1920); Niangara (Holland, 1920). Ethiopia – Djaoue (Baro) (Ungemach, 1932). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Kenya – South Kavirondo (Condamin, 1973). Note: Larsen (1991: 272) states that the populations in Kenya and north-western Tanzania appear to be intermediate between ssp. angulosa and ssp. selousi (Trimen, 1895). houyi Gaede, 1915 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 71 (38-40, 71-74). Cameroon: “Busamtere, Neu-Kamerun”. langi Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 139 (109-369). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Medje”. 5 chapini Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 140 (109-369). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Niangara”. orientis Ungemach, 1932 (as ssp. of Mycalesis funebris). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 50 (1-122). Ethiopia: “Djaoué (Baro)”. Bicyclus angulosa selousi (Trimen, 1895) Mycalesis selousi Trimen, 1895. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1895: 183 (181-194). Bicyclus angulosus selousi (Trimen, 1895). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Bicyclus angulosus selousi (Trimen, 1895). Pringle et al., 1994: 51. Bicyclus angulosa selousi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 45mm. Bomponi, Vumba, S.R. 4.6.62. H. Cookson. (Transvaal Museum – TM3187). Type locality: [Zimbabwe]: “Mashunaland”. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (south), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (north and north-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Upemba (Overlaet, 1955). Tanzania – Image Mountain (Kielland, 1990d); escarpment of the Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); lower slopes of Nyumbenitu Mountain (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National
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