Organic Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
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DART-MS/MS Screening for the Determination of 1,3- Dimethylamylamine and Undeclared Stimulants in Seized Dietary Supplements from Brazil
Forensic Chemistry 8 (2018) 134–145 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forensic Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/forc DART-MS/MS screening for the determination of 1,3- dimethylamylamine and undeclared stimulants in seized dietary supplements from Brazil Maíra Kerpel dos Santos a, Emily Gleco b, J. Tyler Davidson b, Glen P. Jackson b, Renata Pereira Limberger a, ⇑ Luis E. Arroyo b, a Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil b Department of Forensic & Investigative Science, West Virginia University, USA article info abstract Article history: 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is an alkylamine with stimulating properties that has been used pre- Received 15 December 2017 dominantly as an additive in dietary supplements. DMAA is mostly consumed by professional athletes, Received in revised form 14 March 2018 and several doping cases reported since 2008 led to its prohibition by the World Anti-Doping Agency Accepted 18 March 2018 (WADA) in 2010. Adverse effects have indicated DMAA toxicity, and there is few data regarding its safety, Available online 22 March 2018 so it was banned by regulatory agencies from Brazil and the United States. Ambient ionization methods such as Direct Analysis in Real Time Tandem Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) are an alternative for Keywords: dietary supplements analysis, because they enable the analysis of samples at atmospheric pressure in 1,3-dimethylamylamine a very short time and with only minimal sample preparation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to DART-MS/MS Dietary supplements develop a methodology by DART-MS/MS to detect the presence of DMAA, ephedrine, synephrine, caffeine, Stimulants sibutramine, and methylphenidate in 108 dietary supplements seized by the Brazilian Federal Police Adulterants (BFP). -
Ruthenium-Catalyzed CH Functionalization Of(Hetero)
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1465 Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes KARTHIK DEVARAJ ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9783-5 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-310998 2017 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in B22, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Uppsala, Friday, 24 February 2017 at 09:30 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Victor A. Snieckus (Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Canada). Abstract Devaraj, K. 2017. Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1465. 59 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9783-5. This thesis concerned about the Ru-catalyzed C-H functionalizations on the synthesis of 2- arylindole unit, silylation of heteroarenes and preparation of aryne precursor. In the first project, we developed the Ru-catalyzed C2-H arylation of N-(2-pyrimidyl) indoles and pyrroles with nucleophilic arylboronic acids under oxidative conditions. Wide variety of arylboronic acids afforded the desired product in excellent yield regardless of the substituents or functional group electronic nature. Electron-rich heteroarenes are well suited for this method than electron-poor heteroarenes. Halides such as bromide and iodide also survived, further derivatisation of the halide is shown by Heck alkenylation. In order to find catalytic on-cycle intermediate extensive mechanistic experiments have been carried out by preparing presumed ruthenacyclic complexes and C-H/D exchange reactions. -
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wjpls, 2020, Vol. 6, Issue 8, 61-75 Review Article ISSN 2454-2229 Mitali et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Science World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences WJPLS www.wjpls.org SJIF Impact Factor: 6.129 INSULIN THERAPY AND IT’S NEW APPROACHES Tejaswini S. Kawanpure and Dr. Mitali M. Bodhankar* Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Near Dixit Nagar, Nari Road, Nagpur- 440026. Corresponding Author: Dr. Mitali M. Bodhankar Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Near Dixit Nagar, Nari Road, Nagpur- 440026. Article Received on 01/06/2020 Article Revised on 22/06/2020 Article Accepted on 12/07/2020 ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition which is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical Management of diabetes mellitus for more than 84 years. Insulin has remained indispensable in dispensable in management of diabetes mellitus since its discovery in 1921. Comparatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. The present mode of insulin administration is by the subcutaneous route through which insulin introduced into the body in a non-physiological manner having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. Challenges that have adverse effect on oral route of insulin administration mainly includes rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, inactivation and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen and poor permeability across intestinal epithelium because of its high molecular weight and its lipophilicity. Approaches such as liposomes, micro emulsions, nano cubicle, insulin chewing gum and so forth have been prepared to ensure the oral delivery of insulin. -
Multi-Class Determination of 64 Illicit Compounds in Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
molecules Article Multi-Class Determination of 64 Illicit Compounds in Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Dasom Shin, Hui-Seung Kang *, Hyungsoo Kim and Guiim Moon New Hazardous Substances Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (G.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: In this work, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for screening and confirmation of 64 illicit compounds in dietary supplements. The target compounds were illegally used pharmaceutical drugs, prohibited compounds, and not authorized ingredients for different therapeutics (sexual enhancement, weight loss, muscular strengthening, and relaxing products). The validation procedure was performed to evaluate selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists guidelines. The linearity was >0.98 in the range of 1 1 0.5–200 µg L− . The LOQs were in the range 1–10 µg kg− for all target compounds. The accuracy (expressed as recovery) was 78.5–114%. The precision (expressed as the relative standard deviation) was below 9.15%. The developed method was applied for the determination of illicit compounds in dietary supplements collected from websites. As a result, the total detection rate was 13.5% (27 samples detected in 200 samples). The concentrations of detected samples ranged from 0.51 1 to 226 mg g− . -
Stimulant Medications and Supplements: Clinical Implications for the Sports Medicine Provider Collaborative Solutions for Safety in Sport
Stimulant Medications and Supplements: Clinical Implications for the Sports Medicine Provider Collaborative Solutions for Safety in Sport Francis G. O’Connor, MD, MPH, COL, MC, USA Professor and Chair, Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences DISCLOSURE . I have no relevant financial disclosures in reference to this lecture. That being said, I am a physician in the US Army, and work for the DoD. My opinions and assertions contained herein are private views and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Army Medical Department , Uniformed Services University or the Department of Defense at large. Case Presentation 1 . 25 y/o soldier presents to the sports medicine clinic for heat tolerance testing and a return to duty assessment; . He sustained an exertional heat stroke (EHS) during Special Forces accession. Soldier was acclimatized with no history of EHS; he had been using a pre- workout stimulant. Case Presentation 2 . 25 y/o soldier presents to the medical aid station complaining of palpitations, agitation and insomnia. He has sinus tachycardia on the monitor and reports regular use of Red Bull and caffeine gum. Unit is requesting guidance on strategies for sleep. Case Presentation 3 . A warfighter contacts the Human Performance Resource Center looking for help. Recently using a new pre- workout supplement to enhance training. Unfortunately the soldier “popped positive” on a recent urine drug screen. Case Presentation 4 . Alison is a 19 y/o transfer female basketball player. She states she has a personal history of ADHD and would like to renew her prescription for Ritalin. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/0220631 A1 Mezey Et Al
US 2016O220631A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/0220631 A1 Mezey et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 4, 2016 (54) METHODS OF MODULATING Publication Classification ERYTHROPOESS WITH ARGINNE VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR 1B MOLECULES (51) Int. Cl. A638/II (2006.01) (71) Applicant: THE USA, AS REPRESENTED BY A613 L/404 (2006.01) THE SECRETARY DEPARTMENT A613 L/46.5 (2006.01) OF HEALTH AND HUMAN A638/8 (2006.01) SERVICES, Bethesda, MD (US) A6II 45/06 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Eva M. Mezey, Rockville, MD (US); CPC ............. A61K 38/11 (2013.01); A61 K38/1816 Balazs Mayer, Budakeszi (HU); (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A61 K Krisztian Nemeth, Budapest (HU); 3 1/465 (2013.01); A61 K31/404 (2013.01) Miklos Krepuska, Rockville, MD (US) (73) Assignee: The USA, as represented by the (57) ABSTRACT Secretary, Departm-ent of Health and Disclosed are methods of modulating erythropoiesis with Human Service, Bethesda, MD (US) arginine vasopressin receptor 1B (AVPR1B) molecules, such Appl. No.: as AVPR1B agonists or antagonists. In one example, a (21) 15/022,531 method of stimulating erythropoiesis is disclosed including (22) PCT Fled: Oct. 1, 2014 administering an effective amount of an AVPR1B stimulatory molecule to a subject in need thereof, thereby stimulating (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US2O14/058613 erythropoiesis. Also disclosed is a method of stimulating hematopoetic stem cell (HSC) proliferation which includes S371 (c)(1), administering an effective amount of an AVPR1B stimulatory (2) Date: Mar. 16, 2016 molecule to a subject in need thereof, thereby stimulating HSC proliferation. -
Chiral Separation for Enantiomeric Determination in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Chapter CHIRAL SEPARATION FOR ENANTIOMERIC DETERMINATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Nelu Grinberg, Su Pan Contents 6.1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 235 6.2. ENANTIOMERS, DIASTEREOMERS, RACEMATES ................................................................... 236 6.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CHIRAL SEPARATION ............................................................................ 237 6.4. THE TYPES OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS ........................................................................... 237 6.4.1. Chiral separation through hydrogen bonding ............................................................. 237 6.4.2. Chiral separation through inclusion compounds ....................................................... 243 6.4.2.1. Cyclodextrins ............................................................................................................ 243 6.4.2.2. Crown ethers ............................................................................................................. 245 6.4.3. Charge transfer .......................................................................................................................... 259 6.4.4. Chiral separation through a combination of charge transfer, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions ........................................................................... 260 233 Chapter 6 6.4.5. Ligand exchange ...................................................................................................................... -
Constitutive Endocytic Cycle of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor. Christophe Leterrier, Damien Bonnard, Damien Carrel, Jean Rossier, Zsolt Lenkei
Constitutive endocytic cycle of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Christophe Leterrier, Damien Bonnard, Damien Carrel, Jean Rossier, Zsolt Lenkei To cite this version: Christophe Leterrier, Damien Bonnard, Damien Carrel, Jean Rossier, Zsolt Lenkei. Constitutive endocytic cycle of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.. Journal of Biological Chemistry, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004, 279 (34), pp.36013-36021. 10.1074/jbc.M403990200. hal-00250336 HAL Id: hal-00250336 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00250336 Submitted on 6 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Supplemental Material can be found at: http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/M403990200/DC1 THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 279, No. 34, Issue of August 20, pp. 36013–36021, 2004 © 2004 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Constitutive Endocytic Cycle of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor*□S Received for publication, April 9, 2004, and in revised form, June 9, 2004 Published, JBC Papers in Press, June -
Methedrine, Neo-Synephrine, Paredrine, and Pholedrine
Br Heart J: first published as 10.1136/hrt.6.4.214 on 1 October 1944. Downloaded from CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PRESSOR ACTIVITY OF METHEDRINE, NEO-SYNEPHRINE, PAREDRINE, AND PHOLEDRINE BY FREDERICK PRESCOTT From the Wellcome Research Institution, London Received October 10, 1944 Recently a number of pressor drugs of the adrenaline type have come into clinical use for the treatment of low blood pressure following surgical procedures, spinal anxsthesia, circu- latory collapse, and surgical and traumatic shock. For therapeutic purposes the ideal pressor drug should be effective by the intramuscular or intravenous route; it should act rapidly; it should produce a sustained elevation of blood pressure, so that frequent injections of the drug are not necessary; and it should have no undesirable effects on the cardiovascular system and no untoward side effects. Adrenaline and ephedrine were the first drugs to be used clinically to raise the blood pressure in cases of operative shock. Their limitations, however, are nowv well known. Adrenaline may do more harm than good beca4se in thera- peutic doses intrayenously it causes a considerable rise of blood pressure, e.g. 200 mm. to 300 mm. of mercury, with a precipitous fall after a few minutes to a level lower than before. Similarly ephedrine, which for dependable results must be given intravenously, produces a http://heart.bmj.com/ sharp rise of blood pressure that lasts only for ten to twenty minutes. Other pressor drugs have been introduced with a more sustained action. In most of the studies reported on these, however, no definite criteria seem to have been employed in their evaluation, nor have the conditions of administration been standardized. -
Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing Or Reversing Chronic Disease The
Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing or Reversing Chronic Disease The first author has developed a protocol over the past decade for preventing or reversing chronic disease based on the following systemic medical principle: “at the present time, removal of cause is a necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, condition for restorative treatment to be effective”[1]. The protocol methodology refines the age-old principles of both reducing harm in addition to providing treatment, and allows better identification of factors that contribute to the disease process (so that they may be eliminated if possible). These contributing factors are expansive and may include a combination of Lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, smoking), iatrogenic and biotoxin exposures, environmental/occupational exposures, and psychosocial stressors. This strategy exploits the existing literature to identify patterns of biologic response using biomarkers from various modalities of diagnostic testing to capture a much broader list of potential contributing factors. Existing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Biomarker Identification to Remove Contributing Factors and Implement Treatment The initial protocol steps are diagnostic. The main output of these diagnostics will be identification of the biomarker levels and symptoms that reflect abnormalities, and the directions of change required to eliminate these abnormalities. In the present study, hundreds of general and specific biomarkers and symptoms were identified from the core IBD literature. The highest frequency (based on numbers of record appearances) biomarkers and symptoms were extracted, and are listed in Table 1 (highest frequency items first, reading down each column before proceeding to the next column). They are not necessarily consensus biomarkers. They are biomarkers whose values were altered by a treatment or contributing factor, and reported in the core IBD literature. -
Engagement of Β-Arrestin by Transactivated Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Is Needed for V2 Vasopressin Receptor-Stimulated ERK1/2 Activation
Engagement of β-arrestin by transactivated insulin-like growth factor receptor is needed for V2 vasopressin receptor-stimulated ERK1/2 activation Geneviève Oligny-Longpréa, Maithé Corbanib, Joris Zhoua, Mireille Hoguea, Gilles Guillonb, and Michel Bouviera,1 aInstitut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Département de Biochimie and Groupe de Recherche Universitaire sur le Médicament, Universitéde Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7; and bInstitut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département d’Endocrinologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 661, Universités Montpellier I et II, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France Edited* by Jean-Pierre Changeux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, and approved March 9, 2012 (received for review August 12, 2011) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to activate ceptor (EGFR) and has only been described for EGFR ligands the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1/2, through both G thus far (5, 6). Although GPCR-mediated transactivation of protein-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we de- several other RTKs [including the PDGF (7), FGF (8), VEGF scribe a G protein-independent mechanism that unravels an un- (9), and tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA) (10) receptors] anticipated role for β-arrestins. Stimulation of the V2 vasopressin leading to MAPK activation has been documented, the specific receptor (V2R) in cultured cells or in vivo in rat kidney medullar mechanism responsible for the RTK engagement remains poorly collecting ducts led to the activation of ERK1/2 through the metal- characterized. Intracellular scaffolding that promotes the forma- loproteinase-mediated shedding of a factor activating the insulin- tion of protein complexes with nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, such – like growth factor receptor (IGFR). -
Ep 3311667 A1
(19) TZZ¥¥___T (11) EP 3 311 667 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 25.04.2018 Bulletin 2018/17 A01N 43/42 (2006.01) A61K 31/44 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 17194444.0 (22) Date of filing: 08.07.2010 (84) Designated Contracting States: • SCHACHTEL, Bernard AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Jupiter, FL Florida 33477 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO • TAKIGIKU, Ray PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR Loveland, OH Ohio 45140 (US) (30) Priority: 08.07.2009 US 223999 P (74) Representative: Avidity IP 09.07.2009 US 224424 P Broers Building Hauser Forum (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in 21 JJ Thomson Avenue accordance with Art. 76 EPC: Cambridge CB3 0FA (GB) 10797879.3 / 2 451 274 Remarks: (71) Applicant: Charleston Laboratories, Inc. •This application was filed on 02-10-2017 as a Jupiter, FL 33477 (US) divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62. (72) Inventors: •Claims f iled aft er the date of fil ing of the • BOSSE, Paul application/after the date of receipt of the divisional Jupiter, FL Florida 33469 (US) application (Rule 68(4) EPC) • AMELING, John Cincinnati, OH 45252-1051 (US) (54) PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS (57) Methods and compositions are provided which comprise effective amounts of analgesic to treat a subject, including reducing or eliminating an adverse effect associated with the analgesic. EP 3 311 667 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 3 311 667 A1 Description CROSS-REFERENCE 5 [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S.