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Covid-19 Thesaurus Covid-19 Thesaurus Version 1.2 (Last updated: 2021-01-07)

This resource contains 1203 terminological entries.

This bilingual thesaurus (French-English), developed at Inist-CNRS, covers the concepts from the emerging COVID-19 outbreak which reminds the past SARS coronavirus outbreak and Middle- East coronavirus outbreak. This thesaurus is based on the vocabulary used in scientific publications for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. It provides a support to explore the coronavirus infectious diseases . A French version of the thesaurus is also available. The thesaurus is browsable online on the terminological portal Loterre: https://www.loterre.fr

Legend

• Syn: Synonym. • → : Corresponding Preferred Term. • FR: French Preferred Term. • NT: Narrower Term. • BT: Broader Term. • RT: Related Term. • URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view).

This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: TABLE OF CONTENTS

Alphabetical Index 4 Terminological Entries 5 List of entries 174 Tree 201 Alphabetical Index

from 2002 to 2019 p. 8 -8 from 3 LNP-mRNAs to 3 LNP-mRNAs p. 9 -9 from 501Y.V2 to 501Y.V2 p. 10 -10 from A222V mutation to azithromycin p. 16 -24 from B lymphocyte to Butantan Institute p. 28 -31 from C reactive protein to cytotoxic T lymphocyte p. 38 -48 from D-dimer to dyspnea p. 49 -53 from E protein to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation p. 55 -59 from facilitating to fusion peptide p. 62 -64 from G clade to GX-19 p. 67 -70 from haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis to hypokalemia p. 75 -78 from IFITM protein to ivermectin p. 87 -92 from JAK-STAT to Johnson & Johnson p. 93 -94 from K417N mutation to kinase p. 95 -95 from L clade to lymphopaenia p. 96 -99 from M protein to myocarditis p. 108 -108 from N protein to Nyctereutes procyonoides p. 116 -116 from O clade to oxygen therapy p. 117 -120 from P681H mutation to pyroptosis p. 126 -131 from QazCovid-in to quaternary prevention p. 132 -132 from randomized controlled trial to Russian research organization p. 139 -139 from S clade to systemic manifestation p. 149 -152 from T lymphocyte to tyrosine kinase 2 p. 155 -160 from U.S. association to urine p. 163 -163 from V clade to VXA-CoV2-1 p. 169 -170 from waist-hip ratio to Wuhan city p. 171 -171 from Yunnan Walvax to Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology p. 172 -172 from zoonotic coronavirus to zoonotic virus p. 173 -173

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 4 Terminological Entries

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 5 > 60 years old → over the age of 60 years

6 | Covid-19 Thesaurus 1

1 ab polyprotein → polyprotein 1ab

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 7 2002

2019-nCoV 2 → coronavirus disease 2019 2019-new coronavirus 2002 → SARS-CoV-2 BT: date RT: SARS-CoV 2019-novel coronavirus FR: 2002 → SARS-CoV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WP7M3RJ5-P

2019 coronavirus disease 2003 → coronavirus disease 2019 BT: date RT: SARS-CoV FR: 2003 2019 novel coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PZ5RND87-N → SARS-CoV-2

2003 SARS 2019 novel coronavirus disease → severe acute respiratory syndrome → coronavirus disease 2019

2004 2019 novel coronavirus infection BT: date → coronavirus disease 2019 RT: HCoV-NL63 FR: 2004 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TDXWGLQ0-3 2019 Novel (New)coronavirus → SARS-CoV-2 2005 BT: date 27e10 RT: HCoV-HKU1 → calprotectin FR: 2005 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XK1480WW-J 2′-O-Mtase 2012 → non-structural protein 16 BT: date RT: MERS-CoV 2′-O-ribose-methyltransferase FR: 2012 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T085B191-J → non-structural protein 16

2019 BT: date RT: SARS-CoV-2 FR: 2019 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T8F40QV6-8

2019-nCoV → SARS-CoV-2

2019-nCoV acute → coronavirus disease 2019

2019-nCoV ARD → coronavirus disease 2019

2019-nCoV disease → coronavirus disease 2019

8 | Covid-19 Thesaurus 3 LNP-MRNAS 3

3'-to-5' exonuclease → non-structural protein 14

3C-like protease → non-structural protein 5

3C-like proteinase → non-structural protein 5

3CLpro → non-structural protein 5

3CL protease → non-structural protein 5

3 LNP-mRNAs Syn: BNT162b2 BT: mRNA RT: · Biopharmaceutical New Technologies · Comirnaty · Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency · Pfizer FR: 3 LNP-mRNAs URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VRVTQD8N-L

3′ to 5′ endonuclease, N7-methyltransferase → non-structural protein 14

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 9 501Y.V2 5

501Y.V2 BT: new coronavirus variant RT: · E484K mutation · K417N mutation · N501Y mutation The 501.V2 variant, or simply 501.V2, is a variant of SARS-CoV-2— the virus that causes COVID-19. The variant was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa and reported by the country's health department on 18 December 2020. (Wikipédia) FR: 501Y.V2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DRTDFGBJ-L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501.V2_variant https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variante_501.V2

10 | Covid-19 Thesaurus 501Y.V2 9

9-O-acetylated sialic acid → N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 11 A222V MUTATION

acute liver failure BT: systemic manifestation A Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of A222V mutation liver cells). (Wikipedia) BT: mutation in S gene FR: insuffisance hépatique aiguë FR: mutation A222V URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QPWJD408-W URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TDG4S5BH-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_liver_failure https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_h %C3%A9patique_aigu%C3%AB AAK1 → adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 acute lung injury → acute pneumonia accessory protein BT: viral protein acute pneumonia NT: · protein 10 Syn: acute lung injury · protein 3a BT: pneumonia · protein 3b · protein 6 Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily · protein 7a the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some · protein 7b combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable. (Wikipedia) · protein 8a · protein 8b FR: pneumonie aiguë · protein 9b URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RS9TSXB4-L EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonie_aigu%C3%AB FR: protéine accessoire https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SBLZ50QV-1

ACE2 acute renal failure Syn: acute kidney injury → angiotensin converting enzyme 2 BT: systemic manifestation RT: dialysis ACE inhibitor Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is → angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor an abrupt loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days. (Wikipedia) FR: insuffisance rénale aiguë acidophil URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZG5GRGPR-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury → eosinophil https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_r%C3%A9nale_aigu %C3%AB

ACORES-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome BT: French trial RT: · angiotensin II receptor blocker Syn: adult respiratory distress syndrome · angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor BT: · lung disease FR: ACORES-2 · systemic manifestation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X3N62DJS-S RT: · cellular fibromyxoid exudate · diffuse alveolar damage · prone positioning acquired Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory → adaptative immunity failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and bluish skin coloration.For those who survive, a decreased quality of life acquired immunity is common. (Wikipedia) → adaptative immunity FR: syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KP4M5WK3-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ acrp30 protein Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome → adiponectin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_de_d %C3%A9tresse_respiratoire_aigu%C3%AB acute kidney injury → acute renal failure

12 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ADAPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN COMPLEX 2

acute respiratory failure adaptative immunity BT: systemic manifestation Syn: · acquired immune system FR: insuffisance respiratoire aiguë · acquired immunity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JH9FGN83-5 · adaptive immune response BT: immunity Ad26 NT: · adaptative immune cell · adaptative immunity function → type 26 adenovirus · cell-mediated immunity · humoral immunity Ad26.COV2.S The adaptive immune system, also referred as the acquired immune BT: adenovirus vaccine vector system, is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of RT: · Janssen Pharmaceutica specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminates pathogens by preventing their growth. The acquired immune system is one of the · non-replicant viral vector two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the · type 26 adenovirus innate immune system). (Wikipedia) FR: Ad26.COV2.S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G2S0XCZH-M FR: immunité adaptative URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T5PB7QGB-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system Ad5 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst %C3%A8me_immunitaire_adaptatif → type 5 adenovirus

adaptative immunity function Ad5-nCoV BT: adaptative immunity Syn: Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine NT: · antigen presentation (Adenovirus Type 5 Vector) · immunological memory BT: adenovirus vaccine vector FR: fonction de l'immunité adaptative RT: · Beijing Institute of Biotechnology URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q2RB239R-N · CanSino Biologics · non-replicant viral vector adaptive immune response · type 5 adenovirus → adaptative immunity SN: Adenovirus type 5 vector that expresses S protein. FR: Ad5-nCoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X3ZFH9BF-V adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D %C3%A9veloppement_et_recherche_de_m Syn: · AAK1 %C3%A9dicaments_contre_la_Covid-19 · AP2-associated protein kinase 1 BT: kinase NT: adaptor-related protein complex 2 adaptative immune cell Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 also known as AP2-associated BT: · adaptative immunity protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AAK1 · immune cell gene and is involved in clathrin mediated endocytosis. (Wikipedia) NT: lymphocyte FR: cellule immunitaire adaptative FR: protéine kinase 1 associée à l'AP-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NQGXDLV4-0 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LK0DSK7T-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAK1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAK1

adaptor-related protein complex 2 BT: adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 RT: endocytosis The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. (Wikipedia) FR: complexe AP-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H3HW7BDC-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP2_adaptor_complex

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 13 ADDIMUNE CORPORATION

Addimune Corporation adipocyte cysteine rich secreted protein FIZZ3 BT: Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory → resistin FR: Addimune Corporation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PN9RTXGH-1 adipokine BT: inflammatory protein adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2 NT: · adiponectin → dipeptidyl peptidase 4 · leptin · resistin FR: adipokine adenosine nucleoside analogue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PTHX41JW-D BT: nucleoside analogue NT: remdesivir FR: analogue nucléosidique de l'adénosine adiponectin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DCWXGSL0-W Syn: · acrp30 protein · adipocyte complement related protein 30 kda · adipocyte complement-related protein 30-kda adenovirus · adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 Syn: adenoviruses · apm 1 protein BT: viral vector · apm-1 protein NT: · human adenovirus BT: adipokine · simian adenovirus Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) Modified (recombinant) adenovirus vectors, including replication is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating incompetent types, can deliver DNA coding for specific . glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. (Wikipedia) Recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) and adenovirus type-26 (Ad26) are being used vectors in candidate COVID-19 . (Wikipedia) FR: adiponectine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S26464HS-R FR: adénovirus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiponectin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B2XZL0F0-5 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiponectine EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridae#Vaccines

adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 adenoviruses → adiponectin → adenovirus

adjuvant adenovirus vaccine vector BT: technology platform BT: viral vaccine vector NT: · aluminum salt-based adjuvant NT: · Ad26.COV2.S · non-aluminum adjuvant · Ad5-nCoV · ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 An adjuvant (from Latin, "adjuvare", meaning "to help") is a pharmacological or immunological agent that improves the immune · Gam-COVID-Vac response of a vaccine. Adjuvants may be added to a vaccine to boost · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo the immune response to produce more and longer-lasting · GRad-COV2 immunity, thus minimizing the dose of antigen needed. Adjuvants may · VXA-CoV2-1 also be used to enhance the efficacy of a vaccine by helping to modify FR: vaccin à vecteur adénoviral the immune response in particular types of immune system cells: for URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HNVXNTZX-Q example, by activating T cells instead of antibody-secreting B cells depending on the purpose of the vaccine. (Wikipedia) AdimrSC-2f FR: adjuvant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZRV04NW2-L BT: EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjuvant FR: AdimrSC-2f URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D480ZS9T-V Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBDDimer) → adipocyte complement-related protein 30-kda Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) → adiponectin adsorption adipocyte complement related protein 30 kda BT: viral life cycle FR: adsorption → adiponectin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T2HZ2Z7V-1 adipocyte cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3 → resistin

14 | Covid-19 Thesaurus AL-JAWF REGION

adult ageusia BT: exposure risk BT: · sequela FR: adulte · taste disorder URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D068GVFB-9 Ageusia is the loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and adult respiratory distress syndrome umami (meaning "pleasant/savory taste"). It is sometimes confused with anosmia – a loss of the sense of smell. (Wikipedia) → acute respiratory distress syndrome FR: agueusie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KLKRHWJ7-1 AdvaxTM EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agueusie BT: non-aluminum adjuvant FR: AdvaxTM agonist of toll-like receptor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GW5ZQP3C-4 → toll-like receptor agonist aerosol transmission agonist of toll-like receptor 3 Syn: droplet nuclei transmission → BT: toll-like receptor 3 agonist FR: transmission par aérosol URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HN0MQNV9-H agonist of toll-like receptor 4 → toll-like receptor 4 agonist Africa

→ African continent agonist of toll-like receptor 7/8 → toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist African continent Syn: Africa agonist of toll-like receptor 9 BT: continent FR: continent africain → toll-like receptor 9 agonist URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QVMX94W3-H agonist of toll-like receptors 7/8 AG0301-COVID19 → toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist BT: DNA vaccine RT: Agency for Medical Research and airborne transmission Development FR: AG0301-COVID19 BT: indirect transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XFJZ81LB-N NT: · aerosol transmission · droplets transmission FR: transmission aérienne age URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HW4149RL-G BT: risk factor NT: · elderly person Al-Jawf Region · over the age of 60 years FR: âge BT: Saudi Arabia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VK1FFRS2-Q NT: Dawmet Aljandal FR: région d’Al Jawf URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LTQLPB7G-Q age-adjusted rate Syn: age adjusting rate alanine aminopeptidase BT: health indicator FR: taux par âge → aminopeptidase N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WQL5PM2B-8 age adjusting rate → age-adjusted rate

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 15 ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

alanine aminotransferase alphacoronavirus Syn: ALT Syn: · Alphacoronaviruses BT: liver enzyme · alpha CoV Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2). It · alpha-CoV is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and was formerly called · alphaCoV serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase or serum glutamic-pyruvic BT: Coronavirinae transaminase (SGPT) and was first characterized in the mid-1950s by NT: · HCoV-229E Arthur Karmen and colleagues. (Wikipedia) · HCoV-NL63 FR: alanine aminotransférase RT: mammal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J9LCP96B-R Alphacoronaviruses (Alpha-CoV) are members of the first of the four EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_transaminase genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) of coronaviruses. They are https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_aminotransf%C3%A9rase positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect both humans and mammals. (Wikipedia) alanyl aminopeptidase FR: alphacoronavirus → aminopeptidase N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BG5TQLG9-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphacoronavirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphacoronavirus alcohol-based hand rub → alcohol gel Alphacoronaviruses → alphacoronavirus alcohol gel Syn: · alcohol-based hand rub alpha CoV · hand sanitizer → alphacoronavirus BT: hand hygiene

Hand sanitizer is a liquid, gel, or foam generally used to decrease alphaCoV infectious agents on the hands. In most settings, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing with soap and water is generally → alphacoronavirus preferred. (Wikipedia)

FR: gel hydroalcoolique ALT URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJZ312PT-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizer → alanine aminotransferase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_hydroalcoolique

alternative mask alcoholism Syn: general public mask Syn: excessive alcohol intake BT: anti-projection mask BT: lifestyle FR: masque alternatif URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RJKLK8X5-7 Alcoholism, more appropriately referred to as alcohol use disorder EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masque_barri%C3%A8re#H (AUD), is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or %C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A9n%C3%A9it physical health problems. (Wikipedia) %C3%A9_des_masques_non_normalis%C3%A9s FR: alcoolisme URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X4HF6HR0-S alum adjuvant EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoolisme → aluminum salt-based adjuvant

Alhydrogel aluminim hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant → aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant → aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant alpaca aluminium adjuvant → Vicugna pacos → aluminum salt-based adjuvant alpha-CoV aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant → alphacoronavirus BT: aluminum salt-based adjuvant NT: aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant RT: CoronaVac alpha chain FR: ajuvant à base d'hydroxyde d'aluminium BT: heavy chain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BMQNC71V-V FR: chaîne alpha URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SRS9KX81-H

16 | Covid-19 Thesaurus AMINOPEPTIDASE N

aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant American agency Syn: aluminim hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant BT: American organization BT: aluminum salt-based adjuvant NT: Food and Drug Administration FR: adjuvant à base d'hydroxyphosphate d’aluminium FR: agence américaine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C092HXNB-Z URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QR93M6D6-B aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant American continent Syn: Alhydrogel Syn: America BT: aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant BT: continent FR: adjuvant à base d'oxyhydroxyde d’aluminium NT: American subcontinent URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GJJHVNBS-6 FR: continent américain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L5Q1KP2N-3 aluminium phosphate based adjuvant BT: aluminum salt-based adjuvant American institute FR: adjuvant à base de phosphate d'aluminum BT: American organization URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W271PF1C-4 NT: · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · National Institutes of Health aluminum-containing adjuvant FR: institut américain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HCDMQS40-C → aluminum salt-based adjuvant

American organization aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide- Syn: · U.S. organization based adjuvant · US organization Syn: Imject™ Alum BT: organization BT: aluminum salt-based adjuvant NT: · American agency FR: adjuvant à base d'hydroxyde d'aluminium et · American institute d'hydroxyde de magnésium · U.S. association URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RV7MCVSF-T · U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: United States FR: organisme américain aluminum salt-based adjuvant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XV3T40S0-K Syn: · alum adjuvant · aluminium adjuvant · aluminum-containing adjuvant American subcontinent BT: adjuvant BT: American continent NT: · aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant NT: · North American subcontinent · aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant · South American subcontinent · aluminium phosphate based adjuvant FR: sous-continent américain · aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide- URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X1HP904K-8 based adjuvant Aluminum salt-based adjuvants (alum) were the first adjuvants used in Amérique du nord licensed human vaccines. They are still the most widely used because → North American subcontinent of their wide-spectrum ability to strengthen immune responses and their excellent track record of safety. Liang, Z., et al. (2020). "Adjuvants for Coronavirus Vaccines." Frontiers in Immunology 11(2896). aminopeptidase N FR: adjuvant à base de sels d'aluminium Syn: · ApN URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W0RD6265-X · alanine aminopeptidase · alanyl aminopeptidase alveolar cell · cd13 antigen · membrane alanyl aminopeptidase → pneumocyte BT: cellular receptor RT: HCoV-229E America Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) also known as alanyl → American continent aminopeptidase (AAP) or aminopeptidase N (AP-N) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANPEP gene. (Wikipedia) FR: aminopeptidase N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XJP0T9FD-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 17 AMINOQUINOLINE

aminoquinoline angiotensin converting enzyme-2 BT: antimalarial agent → angiotensin converting enzyme 2 NT: · chloroquine · hydroxychloroquine angiotensin converting enzyme 1 Aminoquinolines are derivatives of quinoline, most notable for their roles Syn: angiotensin-converting enzyme1 as antimalarial drugs. (Wikipedia) BT: carboxypeptidase FR: aminoquinoléine RT: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PNK7XLFK-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoquinoline Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoquinol%C3%A9ine component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. amplification of DNA (Wikipedia) → DNA amplification FR: enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZFZQSHT4-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme anakinra https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_de_conversion_de_l BT: interleukin 1 inhibitor %27angiotensine RT: CORIMUNO -19 Anakinra (brand name Kineret) is a biopharmaceutical drug used to treat angiotensin converting enzyme 2 rheumatoid arthritis. It is a recombinant and slightly modified version of Syn: · ACE2 the human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein. (Wikipedia) · angiotensin converting enzyme-2 FR: anakinra · angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S16G0RGF-N BT: · carboxypeptidase EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anakinra · cellular receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anakinra · therapeutic target RT: · receptor binding domain ang-(1-8)octapeptide · SARS-CoV → angiotensin II · SARS-CoV-2 · spike protein Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to angiotensin-(1-8) octapeptide the cell membranes of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and → angiotensin II intestines. ACE2 lowers blood pressure by catalysing the hydrolysis of angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide) into angiotensin (1–7) (a vasodilator). (Wikipedia) angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor FR: enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 2 Syn: ACE inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NFQL647T-7 BT: drug class EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2 RT: · ACORES-2 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_de_conversion_de_l %27angiotensine_2 · angiotensin converting enzyme 1 Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure angiotensin I and heart failure. (Wikipedia) Syn: proangiotensin FR: inhibiteur de l'enzyme de conversion de BT: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system l'angiotensine Angiotensin I (CAS# 11128-99-7), officially called proangiotensin, is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N7P4H6JV-4 formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibiteur_de_l angiotensinogen, creating the decapeptide (ten amino acid) (des-Asp) %27enzyme_de_conversion angiotensin I. (Wikipedia) FR: angiotensine I angiotensin-converting enzyme1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QN000HHW-R → angiotensin converting enzyme 1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin#Angiotensin_I https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensine#Angiotensine_I angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 → angiotensin converting enzyme 2 angiotensin [1-8] → angiotensin II

18 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ANTI-COV ANTIBODY

angiotensin II animal source Syn: · ang-(1-8)octapeptide → natural reservoir · angiotensin [1-8] · angiotensin-(1-8) octapeptide BT: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system animal to human transmission Syn: · animal-to-human transmission Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of · transmission from animal-to-human two C-terminal residues by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily through ACE within the lung (but also present in · zoonotic transmission endothelial cells, kidney epithelial cells, and the brain). Angiotensin BT: interspecies transmission II acts on the CNS to increase vasopressin production, and also FR: transmission animal-homme acts on venous and arterial smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction. URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZZMJBXPK-M (Wikipedia) FR: angiotensine II anosmia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T8BQFMV2-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin#Angiotensin_II BT: · olfaction disorder https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ · sequela Angiotensine#Angiotensine_II_(ou_angiotensine_2) Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the loss of the ability to detect one or more smells. Anosmia may be temporary or permanent. angiotensin II receptor antagonist It differs from hyposmia, which is a decreased sensitivity to some or all smells. (Wikipedia) → angiotensin II receptor blocker FR: anosmie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PCB93F2C-4 angiotensin II receptor blocker EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmie Syn: angiotensin II receptor antagonist BT: drug class RT: ACORES-2 anthelmintic Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor Syn: antihelminthic type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blocker, BT: drug class angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT1 receptor antagonists, are NT: avermectin a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that sodium retention effects of renin–angiotensin system. (Wikipedia) expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant FR: antagoniste des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PSWL4P3Z-P stun) or vermicides (those that kill). (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_blocker https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagoniste_des_r FR: anthelminthique %C3%A9cepteurs_de_l%27angiotensine_II URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BQPX1ZFN-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthelmintic https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthelminthique Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical BT: Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory anti-C5a RT: Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) BT: monoclonal antibody FR: Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JNV3K395-Q NT: eculizumab FR: anticorps monoclonal anti-C5a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LX9WMCB4-Q animal BT: natural reservoir anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody NT: · Aves BT: monoclonal antibody · domestic animal NT: meplazumab · mammal FR: anticorps monoclonal anti-CD147 · Reptilia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZH70MR8W-H · wildlife animal FR: animal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G3R3B5PR-2 anti-CoV antibodies → anti-CoV antibody animal-to-human transmission → animal to human transmission anti-CoV antibody Syn: anti-CoV antibodies animal market in Wuhan city BT: immunotherapy FR: anticorps anti-CoV → Huanan seafood wholesale market URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D3GD0VFZ-K

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 19 ANTI-PROJECTION MASK

anti-phospholipid antibody antibody-dependent enhancement → antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody → infection-associated enhanced disease anti-projection mask antibody titre BT: barrier measure Syn: titre of antibody NT: · alternative mask BT: antibody · FFP-mask An antibody titer is a measurement of how much antibody an organism · has produced that recognizes a particular epitope, expressed as the A cloth face mask is a mask made of common textiles, usually cotton, inverse of the greatest dilution (in a serial dilution) that still gives a worn over the mouth and nose. When more effective masks are positive result. (Wikipedia) not available, and when physical distancing is impossible, cloth face FR: titre d'anticorps masks are recommended by public health agencies for disease "source URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JRXKDHWS-T control" in epidemic situations to protect others from virus laden droplets EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_titer in infected mask wearers' breath, coughs, and sneezes. (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titre_(anticorps) FR: masque de protection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BRQZV6SL-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth_face_mask anticardiolipin antibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masque_barri%C3%A8re#Efficacit BT: antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody %C3%A9 Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody syphilis, antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome, idiopathic spontaneous abortion, BT: antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They are a form of anti- FR: anticorps anti-SRAS-CoV-2 mitochondrial antibody. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X52705G5-0 FR: anticorps anticardiolipines URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FQJPX87X-N anti-viral therapy EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-cardiolipin_antibodies https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_des_antiphospholipides → antiviral

antigen antibiotic BT: immune response BT: drug class NT: · epitope NT: azithromycin · viral antigen An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure, such as may be (Wikipedia) present at the outside of a pathogen, that can be bound to by an antigen- FR: antibiotique specific antibody (Ab) or B cell antigen receptor (BCR). The presence of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BCH2P8XZ-6 antigens in the body normally triggers an immune response. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotique FR: antigène URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QTZJ5P9Z-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen antibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antig%C3%A8ne BT: · immune response · immunoglobulin antigen, 27e10 NT: · anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody → calprotectin · antibody titre · autoantibody · facilitating antibody antigen, l1 · isotype → calprotectin · neutralizing antibody · paratope antigen-binding site · seroconversion RT: · plasma cell → paratope · serological testing An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y- shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. (Wikipedia) FR: anticorps URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X37WF1QJ-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticorps

20 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID (APL) ANTIBODY

antigen-presenting cell antigen test Syn: · antigen presenting cell Syn: · antigen detection test · immunologic accessory cell · antigen diagnostic test BT: antigen presentation BT: test NT: · B lymphocyte RT: · viral antigen · dendritic cell · viral protein · macrophage An antigen is the part of a pathogen that elicits an immune response. An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays Antigen tests look for antigen proteins from the viral surface. In the case antigen complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) on of a coronavirus, these are usually proteins from the surface spikes. their surfaces; this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells (Wikipedia) may recognize these complexes using their T cell receptors (TCRs). FR: test antigénique APCs process antigens and present them to T-cells. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B2B8G9GL-Q FR: cellule présentatrice d'antigène EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Antigen_tests https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_diagnostique_du_SARS- URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G82KL7DP-8 CoV-2#Tests_dits_%C2%AB_antig%C3%A9niques_ EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell %C2%BB:_recherche_d'antig%C3%A8nes https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_pr%C3%A9sentatrice_d %27antig%C3%A8ne antihelminthic antigen detection test → anthelmintic → antigen test antimalarial agent antigen diagnostic test Syn: antimalarial drug → antigen test BT: drug class NT: aminoquinoline FR: antipaludéen antigenic determinant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NH3V04LT-3 → epitope antimalarial drug antigen l1, myelomonocytic → antimalarial agent → calprotectin antimicrobial peptides antigen presentation Syn: host defense peptide BT: adaptative immunity function BT: · immune response protein NT: antigen-presenting cell · innate immunity FR: présentation de l'antigène FR: peptide anti-microbien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L1P2ZZH3-Z URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R6L6GVQB-3 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_immunitaire_inn %C3%A9#Peptides_anti-microbiens antigen presenting cell → antigen-presenting cell antiphospholipid antibody → antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody antigen receptor BT: membrane immunoglobulin antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody FR: récepteur d'antigène Syn: · anti-phospholipid antibody URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BHWP6S2S-H · antiphospholipid antibody BT: autoantibody NT: anticardiolipin antibody FR: anticorps antiphospholipides URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W068FH7F-T EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Syndrome_des_antiphospholipides#Types_d %E2%80%99anticorps_antiphospholipides

antiprotease → protease inhibitor

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 21 ANTIVIRAL

antiviral Arbidol® Syn: · anti-viral therapy → umifenovir · antiviral agent · antiviral drug BT: drug class ARCT-021 NT: · interferon beta BT: mRNA vaccine · nucleoside analogue RT: Arcturus Therapeutics · protease inhibitor FR: ARCT-021 · viral RNA polymerase inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RT5P57NF-3 Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral . (Wikipedia) Arctonyx collaris FR: antiviral Syn: hog-badger URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T9Q0SWFJ-B BT: · intermediate host EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug · mammal https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral FR: Arctonyx collaris URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J3H8LCDG-1 antiviral agent → antiviral Arcturus Therapeutics BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory antiviral drug RT: ARCT-021 FR: Arcturus Therapeutics → antiviral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D7SQ30CZ-0

AP2-associated protein kinase 1 arterial smooth muscle cell → adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 BT: cell type FR: cellule musculaire lisse artérielle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P6GD1LZ9-1 apm-1 protein → adiponectin artificial antigen -Pathogen-specific vaccine → pathogen-specific aAPC apm 1 protein → adiponectin artificial respiration Syn: ventilation therapy ApN BT: respiratory therapy → aminopeptidase N NT: · · ventilator apoptosis Artificial ventilation, (also called artificial respiration) is means of BT: virus-host interaction assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process referring to the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, "falling off") is a respiration, and internal respiration. (Wikipedia) form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) FR: ventilation artificielle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P215D2C7-F and death. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_ventilation FR: apoptose https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_artificielle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CFGPNN6H-5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose Asia → Asian continent Arabian Peninsula BT: Asian continent Asian continent NT: Saudi Arabia Syn: Asia FR: péninsule arabe BT: continent URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V16Z1GWP-8 NT: · Arabian Peninsula · country of the Asian continent Aralen® FR: continent asiatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZRMHS1W8-1 → chloroquine

22 | Covid-19 Thesaurus AUSTRALIAN ORGANIZATION

Asian countries AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine → country of the Asian continent Syn: · AstraZeneca-Oxford Covid vaccine · AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine · Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine Asian country BT: commercial vaccine → country of the Asian continent RT: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 FR: vaccin AstraZeneca/Oxford URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VT91748S-S ASO3 BT: non-aluminum adjuvant FR: ASO3 AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X7VG1M55-B → AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine aspartate aminotransferase AstraZeneca Oxford AZD1222 Syn: AST → ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BT: liver enzyme

Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, AstraZeneca plc also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent → AstraZeneca transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.1) that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an α-amino group between aspartate and glutamate and, as such, is asymptomatic transmission an important enzyme in amino acid metabolism. (Wikipedia) BT: human to human transmission FR: aspartate aminotransférase FR: transmission asymptomatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NZCL02XM-3 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z87557TZ-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_aminotransf%C3%A9rase attack rate BT: contagiousness aspirate In epidemiology, the attack rate is the percentage of the population → aspiration that contracts the disease in an at risk population during a specified time interval. It is used in hypothetical predictions and during actual aspiration outbreaks of disease. (Wikipedia) Syn: · aspirate FR: taux d'attaque · suction URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MVRB6JQZ-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_rate BT: sampling method https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taux_d%27attaque NT: · endotracheal aspirate · nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen FR: aspiration Australian organization URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJCNVS5D-T BT: organization NT: · Australian pharmaceutical laboratory AST · Australian university FR: organisme australien → aspartate aminotransferase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LMHM223P-X

AstraZeneca Australian pharmaceutical company Syn: AstraZeneca plc → Australian pharmaceutical laboratory BT: UK pharmaceutical laboratory RT: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Australian pharmaceutical factory AstraZeneca plc is a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company with its headquarters in Cambridge, → Australian pharmaceutical laboratory England. AstraZeneca has a portfolio of products for major disease areas including cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection, Australian pharmaceutical firm neuroscience, respiratory and inflammation. (Wikipédia) → Australian pharmaceutical laboratory FR: AstraZeneca URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JLN9396V-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstraZeneca Australian pharmaceutical lab https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstraZeneca → Australian pharmaceutical laboratory AstraZeneca-Oxford Covid vaccine → AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 23 AUSTRALIAN PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY

Australian pharmaceutical laboratory autophagosome Syn: · Australian pharmaceutical company BT: autophagy · Australian pharmaceutical factory FR: autophagosome · Australian pharmaceutical firm URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F234RBR8-Q · Australian pharmaceutical lab · Australian pharmaceutical manufacturer autophagy BT: Australian organization NT: Clover Biopharmaceuticals BT: virus-host interaction FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique australien NT: autophagosome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PL2D850K-K Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος kýtos, meaning "hollow") is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes Australian pharmaceutical manufacturer unnecessary or disfunctional components. It allows the orderly → Australian pharmaceutical laboratory degradation and recycling of cellular components. (Wikipedia) FR: autophagie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DQ5Q8G6C-R Australian university EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy BT: Australian organization https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagie NT: University of Queensland Australia FR: université australienne URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B15TBP13-4 avermectin BT: anthelmintic NT: ivermectin authorisation for the placing on the market The avermectins are a series of drugs and pesticides used to treat → marketing authorization parasitic worms and insect pests. They are a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone derivatives with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. authorized vaccine (Wikipedia) → commercial vaccine FR: avermectine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJKKMTJT-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avermectin auto-antibodies https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avermectine → autoantibody Aves Syn: · avian species auto-antibody · bird → autoantibody BT: animal RT: · deltacoronavirus autoantibody · gammacoronavirus FR: Aves Syn: · auto-antibodies URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PWS19S3X-H · auto-antibody BT: antibody NT: antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody avian species An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the → Aves immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins. (Wikipedia) AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) FR: auto-anticorps → ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TTK16HVN-Q EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoantibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-anticorps azithromycin BT: antibiotic autoimmune disease RT: · PREP COVID BT: comorbidity · Recovery NT: multiple sclerosis Azithromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune bacterial infections. (Wikipedia) response to a functioning body part. (Wikipedia) FR: azithromycine FR: maladie autoimmune URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MDTKB299-R URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BM506C23-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_auto-immune

24 | Covid-19 Thesaurus BASIC REPRODUCTION NUMBER

barrier measure BT: · prevention B · public health measure NT: · anti-projection mask · hand hygiene B-cell · physical distancing → B lymphocyte FR: mesure barrière URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LJ9BQ9Z8-8 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comportements-barri%C3%A8re β-coronavirus → betacoronavirus barrier species Syn: species barrier β-CoV BT: interspecies transmission FR: barrière d'espèces → betacoronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MSJVDBMM-S EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barri%C3%A8re_des_esp %C3%A8ces b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine Syn: · b-d-N4-hydroxycytidine basic regeneration number · beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine BT: nucleoside analogue → basic reproduction number FR: b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MCM68T6M-V basic reproduction number Syn: · R0 b-d-N4-hydroxycytidine · basic regeneration number → b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine · basic reproduction ratio · basic reproductive number · basic reproductive rate B-lymphocyte BT: contagiousness → B lymphocyte In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine reproductive rate), denoted R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} R_{0} (pronounced R nought or R zero), of an infection can be thought of as the expected → BCG vaccine number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. (Wikipedia) Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine FR: taux de reproduction de base URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CMMZK67Z-S → BCG vaccine EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_de_reproduction_de_base bacTRL-Spike BT: recombinant cells vaccine basic reproduction ratio RT: Symvivo Corporation → basic reproduction number FR: bacTRL-Spike URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PCFVPCW7-2 basic reproductive number → basic reproduction number balance between benefit and risk → benefit-risk balance basic reproductive rate → basic reproduction number BALT → bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue baricitinib BT: Janus kinase inhibitor Baricitinib acts as an inhibitor of janus kinase (JAK), blocking the subtypes JAK1 and JAK2. (Wikipedia) FR: baricitinib URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VS8QGHZ8-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 25 BASIGIN

basigin bat-SL-CoVZC45 Syn: · CD147 → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 · EMMPRIN · cluster of differentiation 147 bat-SL-CoVZXC21 · extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer BT: host cell protein → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 Basigin (BSG) also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) is a protein bat-SL ZC45 that in humans is encoded by the BSG gene. (Wikipedia) → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 FR: basigine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L2CHSQWT-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigin bat-SL ZXC21 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigine → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 basophil bat SARS-like coronavirus BT: granulocyte RT: Fc receptor Syn: · bat SARS#like CoV · bat-SARS-related-CoV Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils are the least common BT: SARS-CoV-like type of granulocyte, representing about 0.5% to 1% of circulating white NT: · bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 blood cells. (Wikipedia) · bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 FR: polynucléaire basophile FR: bat SRAS-like coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RQQ7DQQV-T URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NL6D3G6K-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_basophile bat SARS-like coronavirus ZC45 bat → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 → Chiroptera bat SARS-like coronavirus ZXC21 bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 Syn: · bat SARS-like coronavirus ZC45 · bat-SARS-related-CoVZC45 bat SARS#like CoV · bat-SL ZC45 → bat SARS-like coronavirus · bat-SL-CoVZC45 BT: bat SARS-like coronavirus FR: bat-SRAS-like (SL)-ZC45 Bayes(ian) model URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BTRF6PZX-G → bayesian network bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 bayesian model Syn: · bat SARS-like coronavirus ZXC21 → bayesian network · bat-SARS-related-CoVZXC21 · bat-SL ZXC21 · bat-SL-CoVZXC21 bayesian network BT: bat SARS-like coronavirus Syn: · Bayes network FR: bat-SRAS-like (SL)-ZXC21 · Bayes(ian) model URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VHKKRRSB-J · bayesian model · belief network bat-SARS-related-CoV · decision network · probabilistic directed acyclic graphical model → bat SARS-like coronavirus BT: modelling A Bayesian network, Bayes network, belief network, decision network, bat-SARS-related-CoVZC45 Bayes(ian) model or probabilistic directed acyclic graphical model is a → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 probabilistic graphical model (a type of statistical model) that represents a set of variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Bayesian networks are ideal for taking an event bat-SARS-related-CoVZXC21 that occurred and predicting the likelihood that any one of several possible known causes was the contributing factor. (Wikipedia) → bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 FR: réseau bayésien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PDLNBLP5-G EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_network https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_bay%C3%A9sien

26 | Covid-19 Thesaurus BENEFIT-RISK BALANCE

Bayes network benefit-risk balance → bayesian network Syn: · balance between benefit and risk · benefit/risk balance · risk–benefit ratio BBIBP-CorV BT: health indicator BT: RT: vaccine hesitation RT: · Beijing Bio-Institute Biological Products For research that involves more than minimal risk of harm to the · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus subjects, the investigator must assure that the amount of benefit BBIBP-CorV is one of two inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines being clearly outweighs the amount of risk. Only if there is a favorable developed by Sinopharm. As of December 2020, it is in Phase III trials risk–benefit ratio may a study be considered ethical. The Declaration in Argentina, Bahrain, Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, and the United of Helsinki, adopted by the World Medical Association, states that Arab Emirates (UAE) with over 60,000 participants. By November, biomedical research cannot be done legitimately unless the importance nearly one million people had taken the vaccine through 's of the objective is in proportion to the risk to the subject. The Helsinki emergency use program. (Wikipédia) Declaration and the CONSORT Statement stress a favorable risk– benefit ratio. FR: BBIBP-CorV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZZSTX1BQ-P FR: balance bénéfice/risque EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBIBP-CorV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LCZLX5T7-0 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk%E2%80%93benefit_ratio https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fice- BBV152 risque → benefit/risk balance B cell → benefit-risk balance → B lymphocyte beta-coronaviridae family BCG vaccine → betacoronavirus Syn: · Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine · Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine beta-coronavirus BT: live → betacoronavirus Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against . (Wikipedia) Beta-CoV FR: vaccin BCG URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XWZVR58H-S → betacoronavirus EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccin_bili %C3%A9_de_Calmette_et_Gu%C3%A9rin beta-CoV lineage A → betacoronavirus lineage A βCoV → betacoronavirus beta-CoV lineage B → betacoronavirus lineage B beaver → Castor fiber beta-CoV lineage c → betacoronavirus lineage C Beijing Bio-Institute Biological Products BT: Chinese institute RT: BBIBP-CorV beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine FR: Institut de produits biologiques de Pékin → b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JRP4LKS6-9

Beijing Institute of Biotechnology BT: Chinese institute RT: Ad5-nCoV FR: Institut de Biotechnologie de Pékin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JHFPZ3DJ-4 belief network → bayesian network

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 27 BETACORONAVIRUS

betacoronavirus betacoronavirus lineage C Syn: · Beta-CoV Syn: · beta-CoV lineage c · BetaCoV · betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage c · beta coronavirus · lineage c · beta-coronaviridae family · merbeCoVirus · beta-coronavirus BT: betacoronavirus · betacoronaviruses NT: MERS-CoV · group 2 coronavirus FR: bétacoronavirus clade C · β-CoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HL029PN5-N · β-coronavirus · βCoV betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage A BT: Coronavirinae NT: · betacoronavirus lineage A → betacoronavirus lineage A · betacoronavirus lineage B · betacoronavirus lineage C betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage B RT: mammal → betacoronavirus lineage B Betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs or Beta-CoVs) are one of four genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) of coronaviruses. It is in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae, of the order betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage c Nidovirales. They are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA → betacoronavirus lineage C viruses of zoonotic origin. (Wikipedia) FR: bétacoronavirus BetaCoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NGWSBVHC-S EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacoronavirus → betacoronavirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacoronavirus beta coronavirus Bharat Biotech Syn: Bharat Biotech International Limited → betacoronavirus BT: Indian pharmaceutical laboratory RT: · Covaxin betacoronaviruses · India → betacoronavirus Bharat Biotech International Limited is an Indian biotechnology company headquartered in Hyderabad, India engaged in the drug discovery, drug development, manufacture of vaccines, bio- betacoronavirus lineage A therapeutics, pharmaceuticals and health care products. Syn: · EmbeCoVirus FR: Bharat Biotech · beta-CoV lineage A URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BT11ZHCH-M · betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage A EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Biotech · lineage A BT: betacoronavirus Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine NT: · HCoV-HKU1 · HCoV-OC43 BT: commercial vaccine FR: bétacoronavirus clade A RT: Covaxin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CCZXLQX3-G FR: vaccin Bharat Biotech URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NCBBVRG9-B betacoronavirus lineage B Bharat Biotech International Limited Syn: · beta-CoV lineage B · betacoronavirus phylogenetic lineage B → Bharat Biotech · lineage B · sarbeCoVirus binding BT: betacoronavirus Syn: viral binding NT: · SARS-CoV BT: viral life cycle · SARS-CoV-2 RT: · receptor binding domain · SARS-CoV-like · S1 subunit FR: bétacoronavirus clade B URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N02HCH32-X FR: attachement URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SJ55VJT3-6

28 | Covid-19 Thesaurus BLUETOOTH

biochemical marker bitopic protein BT: marker of disease progression Syn: · single-pass protein NT: · D-dimer · single-spanning protein · ferritin BT: transmembrane protein · liver enzyme NT: pattern recognition receptor · procalcitonin FR: protéine bitopique · troponin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JVP4LJTS-B FR: marqueur biochimique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DSMSG6DC-C blood BT: specimen biological diagnosis NT: · blood cell Syn: · biological diagnostic · fingerstick blood · laboratory data RT: serological testing BT: diagnosis FR: sang NT: marker of disease progression URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N7Q79Q8T-P FR: diagnostic biologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VRTB0TRD-S blood cell BT: blood biological diagnostic NT: · lymphocyte → biological diagnosis · monocyte · natural killer cell FR: cellule sanguine biological therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LL0075J0-P → immunotherapy blood marker BioNTech → hematological marker → Biopharmaceutical New Technologies bluetooth BioNTech SE BT: technology → Biopharmaceutical New Technologies Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using short- Biopharmaceutical company Kentucky BioProcessing wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz, and building personal area → Kentucky BioProcessing networks (PANs). It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. (Wikipedia) Biopharmaceutical New Technologies FR: bluetooth URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LQDL9BPC-0 Syn: · BioNTech EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth · BioNTech SE https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth BT: German pharmaceutical laboratory RT: 3 LNP-mRNAs BioNTech SE ; short for Biopharmaceutical New Technologies is a German biotechnology company based in Mainz that develops and manufactures active immunotherapies for patient-specific approaches to the treatment of diseases. It develops pharmaceutical candidates based on messenger RNA (mRNA) for use as individualized cancer immunotherapies, as vaccines against infectious diseases and as protein replacement therapies for rare diseases, and also engineered cell therapy, novel antibodies and small molecule immunomodulators as treatment options for cancer. (Wikipédia) FR: Biopharmaceutical New Technologies URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N040Q6CK-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioNTech https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioNTech bird → Aves

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 29 B LYMPHOCYTE

B lymphocyte Brazilian institute Syn: · B cell BT: Brazilian organization · B-cell NT: Butantan Institute · B-lymphocyte FR: institut brésilien · bursa dependent lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H4HXZL0H-F · bursa-dependent lymphocyte BT: · antigen-presenting cell Brazilian organization · lymphocyte NT: plasma cell BT: organization RT: · Fc receptor NT: Brazilian institute · immunoglobulin D FR: organisme brésilien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F2QJ5HFP-C · immunoglobulin M B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity breathlessness component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies. → dyspnea (Wikipedia)

FR: lymphocyte B breath shortness URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TM5MN4H0-R EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell → dyspnea https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_B

Britain organization BNT162b2 → UK organization → 3 LNP-mRNAs

British organization body mass index → UK organization BT: obesity Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the British trial square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/ BT: clinical trial m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. (Wikipedia) NT: Recovery FR: indice de masse corporelle FR: essai britannique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WCGNWCQJ-S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RGGT2TWN-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indice_de_masse_corporelle bronchoalveolar lavage BT: sampling method bovid Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (also known as bronchoalveolar → Bovidae washing) is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid Bovidae introduced and then collected for examination. This method is typically Syn: bovid performed to diagnose pathogenic infections of the lower respiratory BT: · intermediate host airways (leading to, for example pneumonia and COVID-19), though · mammal it also has been shown to have utility in diagnosing interstitial lung FR: Bovidae disease. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W9NZ0RS9-Z FR: lavage bronchoalvéolaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RK0N1525-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage bowel https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavage_bronchoalv%C3%A9olaire → intestine bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue Syn: · BALT BT: South American subcontinent · Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue RT: Butantan Institute BT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue FR: Brésil FR: formation lymphoïde respiratoire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GBGFJ78C-4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GLNNX6HX-5

Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue → bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

30 | Covid-19 Thesaurus BUTANTAN INSTITUTE

bursa-dependent lymphocyte → B lymphocyte bursa dependent lymphocyte → B lymphocyte

Butantan Institute BT: Brazilian institute RT: · Brazil · CoronaVac Instituto Butantan (in modern Portuguese, Instituto Butantã, pronounced [ĩʃtʃiˈtutu butɐˈ̃ tɐ]̃ ) is a Brazilian biologic research center located in Butantã, in the western part of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Instituto Butantan is a public institution affiliated with the São Paulo State Secretariat of Health and considered one of the major scientific centers in the world. (Wikipédia) FR: Institut Butantan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BSDT81XS-X

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 31 CADILA HEALTHCARE

calprotectin Syn: · 27e10 antigen C · antigen l1, myelomonocytic · antigen, 27e10 · antigen, l1 C-reactive protein · calcium binding myeloid protein p8,14 → C reactive protein · calcium-binding myeloid protein p8,14 · calgranulin · l1 antigen C30 Endopeptidase · l1 protein, leukocyte → non-structural protein 5 · leukocyte l1 antigen complex · leukocyte l1 protein · migratory inhibitory factor related protein mrp cachectin · migratory inhibitory factor-related protein mrp → tumor necrosis factor alpha · myelomonocytic antigen l1 BT: hematological marker cachexin Calprotectin is a complex of the mammalian proteins S100A8 and S100A9. In the presence of calcium, calprotectin is capable of → tumor necrosis factor alpha sequestering the transition metals iron, manganese and zinc via chelation. This metal sequestration affords the complex antimicrobial properties. Calprotectin is the only known antimicrobial manganese Cadila Healthcare sequestration protein complex. Calprotectin comprises as much as 60% BT: Indian pharmaceutical laboratory of the soluble protein content of the cytosol of a neutrophil, and it is RT: nCov Vaccine secreted by an unknown mechanism during inflammation. (Wikipedia) Cadila Healthcare Limited (also known as Zydus Cadila) is an Indian FR: calprotectine pharmaceutical company headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZKKZN16B-8 (Wikipédia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calprotectin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calprotectine FR: Cadila Healthcare URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SDSC7GH7-S EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadila_Healthcare camel https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadila_Healthcare → Camelus dromedarius calcium-binding myeloid protein p8,14 Camelus dromedarius → calprotectin Syn: · camel · dromedary camel calcium binding myeloid protein p8,14 BT: · intermediate host → calprotectin · mammal RT: MERS-CoV FR: Camelus dromedarius calgranulin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HMBK84DN-9 → calprotectin camostat mesylate BT: serine protease inhibitor Orally active serine protease inhibitor; inhibits entry of SARS-Cov-2 into lung cells. (Wikipedia) FR: mésylate de camostat URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CH4NPDNF-G EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23731028

Canada BT: North American subcontinent FR: Canada URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X5M5H47N-3

Canadian organization BT: organization NT: Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory FR: organisme canadien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R311FFTH-S

32 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Canadian pharmaceutical company CanSinoBIO → Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory → CanSino Biologics

Canadian pharmaceutical factory CanSino Biologics → Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: CanSinoBIO BT: Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory RT: Ad5-nCoV Canadian pharmaceutical firm CanSino Biologics (simplified Chinese: #####; traditional Chinese: ### → Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory ##; pinyin: Kāngxīnuò Shēngwù), often abbreviated as CanSinoBIO, is a Chinese vaccine company. (Wikipédia) Canadian pharmaceutical lab FR: CanSino Biologics → Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZWFCZRZS-4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CanSino_Biologics

Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory capsid Syn: · Canadian pharmaceutical company BT: virion · Canadian pharmaceutical factory RT: N protein · Canadian pharmaceutical firm · Canadian pharmaceutical lab A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. · Canadian pharmaceutical manufacturer It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of BT: Canadian organization protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are NT: · Entos Pharmaceuticals called capsomeres. (Wikipedia) · Medicago · Symvivo Corporation FR: capside FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique canadien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VVHLV2X1-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TPMBB6C8-1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capside

Canadian pharmaceutical manufacturer carboxypeptidase → Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory BT: host cell protease NT: · angiotensin converting enzyme 1 cancer · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 FR: carboxypeptidase → malignancy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V1DLH23G-V candidate drug cardiac disease Syn: · experimental drug → heart disease · interesting drug · promising drug BT: candidate treatment cardiac failure NT: · drug class → heart failure · drug combination FR: candidat médicament URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZVVC3ZXR-Q cardiogenic shock BT: systemic manifestation candidate treatment Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a medical emergency resulting from BT: clinical research inadequate blood flow due to the dysfunction of the ventricles of the NT: · candidate drug heart. Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and altered level of consciousness. · cell therapy (Wikipedia) · cohort study · immunotherapy FR: choc cardiogénique · plasma therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QFNJ63X1-4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock · therapeutic target https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choc_cardiog%C3%A9nique RT: coronavirus disease 2019 FR: traitement candidat URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PB18GSD0-G candidate vaccine → vaccine candidate

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 33 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

cardiovascular disease casual contact BT: chronic disease BT: contact NT: heart disease FR: contact occasionnel URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GTDSQKPZ-7 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart catB/L activity attack). (Wikipedia) Syn: cathepsinB/L activity FR: maladie cardiovasculaire BT: · cathepsin B URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CTQPX5ZP-2 · cathepsin L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_cardiovasculaire FR: activité catB/L URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q4XW6QW2-M cardiovascular syndrome cathepsin B → metabolic syndrome BT: host cell protease NT: catB/L activity case-fatality rate FR: cathepsine B Syn: · case fatality rate URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WWR8GQL5-B · case fatality risk · case-fatality ratio cathepsinB/L activity BT: health indicator → catB/L activity In epidemiology, a case fatality rate (CFR) — sometimes called case fatality risk or case-fatality ratio — is the proportion of deaths from a certain disease compared to the total number of people diagnosed with cathepsin L the disease for a particular period. (Wikipedia) BT: host cell protease FR: taux de létalité apparent NT: catB/L activity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K37BCKR3-6 FR: cathepsine L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_fatality_rate URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QCWMHZTH-T https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taux_de_l%C3%A9talit%C3%A9

cd13 antigen case-fatality ratio → aminopeptidase N → case-fatality rate

CD147 case fatality rate → basigin → case-fatality rate

CD283 case fatality risk → Toll-like receptor 3 → case-fatality rate

CD32 case number → FcγRII BT: health indicator FR: nombre de cas URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J3Z1S37N-B CD4(+) memory T-cell → memory CD4(+) T cell caspase-1 dependent cell death → pyroptosis CD4(+) T helper → lymphocyte T helper caspase 1 dependent cell death → pyroptosis CD4+ cell → lymphocyte T helper Castor fiber Syn: beaver CD4+ memory T-cell BT: · intermediate host → memory CD4(+) T cell · mammal FR: Castor fiber URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PQW1Z580-P

34 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CELLULAR FIBROMYXOID EXUDATE

CD4 T helper cell cell therapy BT: lymphocyte T helper Syn: · cell transplantation NT: · Type 1 helper T cell · cellular therapy · type 2 helper T cell · cytotherapy FR: lymphocyte T auxiliaire activé BT: candidate treatment URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZNNWT3FM-R NT: mesenchymal stem cells Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy, cell transplantation, or CD8(+) memory T-cell cytotherapy) is a therapy in which viable cells are injected, grafted or implanted into a patient in order to effectuate a medicinal effect, for → memory CD8(+) T cell example, by transplanting T-cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity in the course of immunotherapy, or grafting stem CD8 memory T-cell cells to regenerate diseased tissues. (Wikipedia) → memory CD8(+) T cell FR: thérapie cellulaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WQVJ0H0Z-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_therapy CD8+ T-cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9rapie_cellulaire → cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell transplantation → CDC cell therapy → Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cell type Syn: · cellular type cell-mediated immunity · cellular-type BT: adaptative immunity BT: host cell RT: vaccine immunogenicity NT: · arterial smooth muscle cell Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not · endothelial cell involve antibodies. Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of · enterocyte phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release · epithelial cell of various cytokines in response to an antigen. (Wikipedia) · pneumocyte FR: immunité cellulaire FR: type cellulaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SZ8M4HFR-W URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZDRBLPGX-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunit%C3%A9_cellulaire cellular-type → cell-surface receptor cell type → cellular receptor cellular differentiation BT: virus-host interaction cell entry → viral entry Cellular differentiation is the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a cell migration multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. (Wikipedia) BT: virus-host interaction FR: migration cellulaire FR: différenciation cellulaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XVR3SCQ8-T URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X2B633TJ-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_differentiation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff%C3%A9renciation_cellulaire

cellular fibromyxoid exudate BT: histological diagnosis RT: acute respiratory distress syndrome FR: exsudat fibromyxoid cellulaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B71ZDDJX-C

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 35 CELLULAR RECEPTOR

cellular receptor Centre national de la recherche scientifique Syn: · cell-surface receptor Syn: CNRS · host receptor BT: French research organization BT: host cell NT: international research laboratories NT: · aminopeptidase N The French National Centre for Scientific Research (French: Centre · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state · dipeptidyl peptidase 4 research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in FR: récepteur cellulaire Europe. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XK6B11F0-D FR: Centre national de la recherche scientifique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HF9M8VKM-C cellular therapy EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research → cell therapy https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique cellular type Centres for Disease Control → cell type → Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Syn: · CDC cerebrovascular disease · Centres for Disease Control BT: · chronic disease BT: American institute · vascular disease FR: maladie vasculaire cérébrale The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DGX0GR73-H public health institute in the United States. It is a United States federal agency, under the Department of Health and Human Services. (Wikipedia) ChAdOx1 FR: Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des BT: chimpanzee adenovirus maladies RT: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LWRHKL9K-R FR: ChAdOx1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QMMDPV0N-J Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centres_pour_le_contr %C3%B4le_et_la_pr%C3%A9vention_des_maladies ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Syn: · AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) central memory CD4 T-cell · AstraZeneca Oxford AZD1222 → central memory CD4 T cell · ChAdOxnCoV-19 BT: adenovirus vaccine vector RT: · AstraZeneca central memory CD4 T cell · AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine Syn: central memory CD4 T-cell · ChAdOx1 BT: memory CD4(+) T cell · non-replicant viral vector FR: lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire centrale · University of Oxford URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C47QV9RW-Z FR: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SPWFRSGR-N central memory CD8 T-cell → central memory CD8 T cell ChAdOxnCoV-19 → ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 central memory CD8 T cell Syn: central memory CD8 T-cell chemokine BT: memory CD8(+) T cell BT: cytokine FR: lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire centrale NT: cXc-chemokine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MJGFN9Z5-2 Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines. (Wikipedia) FR: chimiokine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C2DRLJT3-L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimiokine

36 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 China Syn: · RANTES BT: country of the Asian continent · regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed NT: · Chinese province and secreted · Hong Kong BT: · cXc-chemokine · Taïwan · innate immunity RT: · Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences FR: chimiokine (motif C - C) ligand 5 · Chinese Center for Disease Control and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R7S5NPZ2-4 Prevention · Chinese organization chemokine (cXc motif) ligand FR: Chine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WPK44BH5-1 → cXc-chemokine

China National Pharmaceutical Group chest computed tomography Syn: Sinopharm → chest computerized tomography BT: Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory RT: Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) chest computerized tomography Syn: · CT scans China National Pharmaceutical Group Corp. (CNPGC) known as · chest computed tomography Sinopharm is a Chinese state-owned enterprise. (Wikipédia) BT: chest imaging FR: groupe pharmaceutique national chinois NT: ground-glass opacities URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PWX431RT-K FR: tomodensitométrie thoracique EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ China_National_Pharmaceutical_Group URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q51JRCFZ-3

China province chest imaging → Chinese province BT: imaging NT: · chest computerized tomography · chest radiography Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences · lung ultrasound BT: Chinese university FR: imagerie thoracique RT: · China URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CGZVCHM4-0 · Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine FR: Académie chinoise des sciences médicales chest radiography URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WK8K6SQ8-5 Syn: chest X ray BT: chest imaging Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention FR: radiographie thoracique BT: Chinese institute URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJ7FPBGF-7 NT: · Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention chest X ray · Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control → chest radiography and Prevention RT: China The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC; child simplified Chinese: ##########; traditional Chinese: ##########) is Syn: children an independent agency of the National Health Commission, based in BT: exposure risk Beijing, China. Established in 1983, it works to protect public health RT: pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and safety by providing information to enhance health decisions, and to FR: enfant promote health through partnerships with provincial health departments URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TGMG067W-K and other organizations. (Wikipédia) FR: Centre chinois de contrôle et de prévention des children maladies URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MGNBTLQD-0 → child

Chinese ferret-badger chimpanzee adenovirus → Melogale moschata BT: simian adenovirus NT: ChAdOx1 FR: adénovirus du chimpanzé Chinese hare URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XQDSP1SQ-Z → Lepus sinensis

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 37 CHINESE INSTITUTE

Chinese horseshoe bat Chinese province → Rhinolophus sinicus Syn: · China province · province of China BT: China Chinese institute NT: · Guangdong Province BT: Chinese organization · Henan Province NT: · Beijing Bio-Institute Biological Products · Hubei Province · Beijing Institute of Biotechnology · Jiangsu Province · Chinese Center for Disease Control and FR: province de Chine Prevention URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P20HZL23-J · Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute FR: institut chinois URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WKV2FBSS-2 Chinese university BT: Chinese organization NT: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chinese muntjac FR: université chinoise → Muntiacus reevesi URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VWB69PQ3-3

Chinese organization Chiroptera BT: organization Syn: bat NT: · Chinese institute BT: mammal · Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory NT: horseshoe bat · Chinese university FR: Chiroptera RT: China URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WF9MKTW8-G FR: organisme chinois URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FFNPKM1K-H chloroquine Syn: Aralen® Chinese pharmaceutical company BT: · aminoquinoline → Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory · immunomodulator RT: · Discovery · Solidarity Chinese pharmaceutical factory · viral entry → Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite Chinese pharmaceutical firm in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear. (Wikipedia) → Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory FR: chloroquine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JHXXBSDP-X Chinese pharmaceutical lab EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine → Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory

Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: · Chinese pharmaceutical company · Chinese pharmaceutical factory · Chinese pharmaceutical firm · Chinese pharmaceutical lab · Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturer BT: Chinese organization NT: · Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical · CanSino Biologics · China National Pharmaceutical Group · Sinovac Biotech · Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique chinois URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J50T5ZF0-V

Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturer → Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory

38 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CLINICAL RESEARCH

chronic disease civet cat Syn: · chronic illness → Paguma larvata · underlying and debilitating chronic condition · underlying basic disorder class 2 filtering facepiece (FFP) mask · underlying chronic condition BT: comorbidity → FFP2-mask NT: · cardiovascular disease · cerebrovascular disease class 2 filtering facepiece mask · chronic respiratory insufficiency · diabetes mellitus type 2 → FFP2-mask · Guillain-Barré syndrome · hypertension class 3 filtering facepiece (FFP) mask · malignancy → FFP3-mask · metabolic syndrome · multiple sclerosis · obesity clathrin · renal failure BT: host cell protein A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is RT: endocytosis persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the Clathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in disease lasts for more than three months. (Wikipedia) 1976. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy FR: maladie chronique chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NM2TJ8MJ-F polyhedral lattice that surrounds the vesicle, hence the protein's name, EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_condition which is derived from the Latin clathrum meaning lattice. Coat-proteins, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_chronique like clathrin, are used to build small vesicles in order to transport molecules within cells. (Wikipedia) chronic illness FR: clathrine → URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N8NWNRVV-Q chronic disease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrine chronic respiratory failure → chronic respiratory insufficiency clinical assay → clinical trial chronic respiratory insufficiency Syn: chronic respiratory failure clinical characteristic BT: chronic disease → symptomatology FR: insuffisance respiratoire chronique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D50R4FWZ-3 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_respiratoire_chronique clinical data → symptomatology ChulaCov19 BT: mRNA vaccine clinical presentation RT: Chulalongkorn University → symptomatology FR: ChulaCov19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G4XLWC7V-6 clinical research Chulalongkorn University NT: · candidate treatment · clinical trial BT: Thai university · database RT: ChulaCov19 · vaccine Chulalongkorn University (Thai: #####################, RTGS: FR: recherche clinique Chulalongkon Mahawitthayalai, pronounced [͡tɕù.lāː.lōŋ.kɔ̄ ːn URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RNV8J7NC-F mā.hǎː.wít.tʰā.jāː.lāj]) (CU), nicknamed Chula (Thai: #####), is a public and autonomous research university in Bangkok, Thailand. (Wikipédia) clinical spectrum FR: Université Chulalongkorn URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TPL0QR7W-4 → symptomatology EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Chulalongkorn clinical study → clinical trial

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 39 CLINICAL TRIAL

clinical symptom cluster of differentiation 147 → symptomatology → basigin clinical trial cluster of differentiation 283 Syn: · clinical assay → Toll-like receptor 3 · clinical study BT: clinical research CNRS NT: · British trial · European trial → Centre national de la recherche scientifique · French trial · international trial Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations · phase · randomized controlled trial BT: international organization · universal trial number The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is a foundation that takes donations from public, private, philanthropic, and Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research. civil society organisations, to finance independent research projects Such prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human to develop vaccines against emerging infectious diseases (EID). participants are designed to answer specific questions about biomedical (Wikipedia) or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical FR: Coalition internationale CEPI devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KF4G797M-C comparison. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations FR: essai clinique https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VP3T4TGJ-3 Coalition_pour_les_innovations_en_mati%C3%A8re_de_pr EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial %C3%A9paration_aux_%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mies https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique

COG-UK Consortium close contact → COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium Syn: · close proximity · promiscuity BT: transmission mode Cohort multiple Randomized open-label control trial of NT: close family contact Immunomodulatory drugs and other treatments in COVID-19 patients FR: contact étroit → CORIMUNO -19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MDXSXKM4-0

cohort study close family contact Syn: concurrent study BT: close contact BT: · candidate treatment FR: contact familial proche · epidemiologic study URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CKKM5187-H NT: · COVID-ICU · COVIDEF close proximity · ECHOVID · longitudinal study → close contact · prospective study · retrospective study Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia · SEROCOV BT: Australian pharmaceutical laboratory A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a RT: SCB-2019 cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically FR: Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N6G37QWG-G birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. (Wikipedia) FR: étude de cohorte cluster URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SH3FLWZJ-8 Syn: disease cluster EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_study BT: human to human transmission https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tude_de_cohorte A disease cluster is an unusually large aggregation of a relatively uncommon medical condition or event within a particular geographical combination therapy location or period. (Wikipedia) → drug combination FR: cluster URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WG711ZTJ-Q EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_cluster https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster

40 | Covid-19 Thesaurus COMORBIDITY

Comirnaty community-acquired pneumonia Syn: · tozinameran → community acquired pneumonia · COMIRNATY® BT: commercial vaccine RT: · 3 LNP-mRNAs community acquired pneumonia · vaccine strategy Syn: community-acquired pneumonia FR: Comirnaty BT: pneumonia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BL84MG1N-D FR: pneumonie acquise en communauté URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P9S9DKH5-4

COMIRNATY® community containment → Comirnaty → confinement commercial vaccine community health Syn: authorized vaccine BT: vaccine → public health NT: · AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine · Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine community immunity · Comirnaty · vaccine → herd immunity · Sputnik V RT: · marketing authorization comorbidities · vaccination → comorbidity FR: vaccin commercialisé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MKQNGSPK-6 comorbidity common clinical feature Syn: comorbidities BT: first phase of the disease BT: risk factor NT: · fatigue NT: · autoimmune disease · fever · chronic disease FR: signe général · congenital disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LTFMN83C-N · degenerative disease · inflammatory disease · metabolic disease common cold · systemic disease BT: upper respiratory tract infection · vascular disease The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose. The conditions often co-occurring (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected. (Wikipedia) with a primary condition. Comorbidity describes the effect of all other conditions an individual patient might have other than the primary FR: rhume condition of interest, and can be physiological or psychological. URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GL3FMKV2-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhume FR: comorbidité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WW0F5LKP-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidity communicability period https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidit%C3%A9 → communicable period communicable disease → infectious disease communicable period Syn: · communicability period · period of communicability BT: transmissibility FR: période de transmissibilité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RSD3J7ST-9

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 41 COMPARTMENTAL MODEL

compartmental model confirmed case BT: modelling Syn: · infected case NT: · SECIR model · infected patient · SEIR model BT: infection case · SEIRS model FR: cas confirmé · SIR model URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JW7NJ8D4-T Compartmental models simplify the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. The population is assigned to compartments with congenital disease labels - for example, S, I, or R, (Susceptible, Infectious, or Recovered). (Wikipedia) BT: comorbidity FR: modèle compartimental A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H84FDC9K-0 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod FR: maladie congénitale %C3%A8les_compartimentaux_en_%C3%A9pid URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VB8S5JTS-S %C3%A9miologie EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_cong%C3%A9nitale Compartmental_models_in_epidemiology

congestive cardiac failure complication → heart failure BT: second phase of the disease NT: · high risk patient · systemic manifestation congestive heart failure FR: complication → heart failure URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TX54PJ52-4 concurrent study consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving Proximity Tracing → cohort study Syn: PEPP-PT consortium BT: European association conditional marketing authorisation RT: ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing BT: marketing authorization protocol FR: autorisation de mise sur le marché conditionnelle Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT/PEPP) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JX9VZM1D-T is a full-stack open protocol designed to facilitate digital of infected participants. The protocol was developed in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The protocol, like the competing confined indoor space Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-3T) protocol, BT: risk factor makes use of Bluetooth LE to discover and locally log clients near a NT: · healthcare center user. (Wikipedia) · household FR: consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving · long term care service Proximity Tracing · nursing home URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RWHCP615-S FR: espace intérieur confiné EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-European_Privacy- URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T9894J5J-Q Preserving_Proximity_Tracing confinement contact Syn: · community containment BT: public health · lockdown NT: · casual contact BT: · prevention · contact tracing · public health measure · high-risk contact FR: contact During the COVID-19 pandemic, the term lockdown was used for URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MTGT3K4P-G actions related to mass quarantines or stay-at-home orders. (Wikipedia) FR: confinement contact investigations URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MV10RLPQ-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockdown#COVID-19_pandemic → contact tracing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confinement_(mesure_sanitaire)

42 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CORONAVAC

contact tracing convalescent plasma transfusion Syn: contact investigations → Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy BT: contact NT: · digital tracking convalescent plasma treatment · manual tracing → Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy In public health, contact tracing is the process of identification of persons who may have come into contact with an infected person ("contacts") and subsequent collection of further information about these contacts. CORIMUNO -19 By tracing the contacts of infected individuals, testing them for infection, isolating or treating the infected and tracing their contacts in turn, public Syn: Cohort multiple Randomized open-label control health aims to reduce infections in the population. (Wikipedia) trial of Immunomodulatory drugs and other treatments in COVID-19 patients FR: traçage des contacts BT: French trial URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F3C3ZZ6R-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing RT: · anakinra https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recherche_des_contacts · Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy · eculizumab · sarilumab contagiousness · sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine BT: Coronavirinae · tocilizumab NT: · attack rate FR: CORIMUNO -19 · basic reproduction number URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K7Z3NF8L-X · incubation period · reinfection coronary disease · seasonality · secondary attack rate → coronary heart disease · viral reactivation · viral shedding · viral spread coronary heart disease FR: contagiosité Syn: coronary disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V648FJRF-X BT: heart disease Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, involves continent the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of plaque BT: risk exposure area (atherosclerosis) in the arteries of the heart. (Wikipedia) NT: · African continent FR: cardiopathie coronaire · American continent URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZWFLDWBV-4 · Asian continent EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease · European continent https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_coronarienne A continent is one of several very large landmasses. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are CoronaVac commonly regarded as continents. (Wikipedia) Syn: · PiCoVacc® FR: continent · CoronaVac® URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M2QG19MM-9 · EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent BT: inactivated vaccine RT: · aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant · Butantan Institute continuous positive airway pressure · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus Syn: cpap ventilation · Sinovac Biotech BT: positive pressure ventilation CoronaVac is a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway Chinese biopharmaceutical company Sinovac. Beginning in mid-2020, pressure (PAP) ventilation in which a constant level of pressure above the vaccine candidate was undergoing Phase III clinical research. atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper airway. On October 19, preliminary results from the Phase III trial in Brazil (Wikipedia) showed CoronaVac appeared to be safe in providing protection against COVID-19. (Wikipédia) FR: ventilation en pression positive continue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KGG58K4P-T FR: CoronaVac EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HR3CZWS2-5 Continuous_positive_airway_pressure EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ventilation_en_pression_positive_continue coronavac controlled travel → CoronaVac → travel restriction

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 43 CORONAVIRIDAE

CoronaVac® Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine → CoronaVac BT: subunit vaccine RT: Medicago FR: Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine Coronaviridae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D6ZS8GV6-P BT: Nidovirales NT: Coronavirinae corona virus 2 Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded → SARS-CoV-2 RNA viruses. The viral genome is 26–32 kilobases in length. The particles are typically decorated with large (~20 nm), club- or petal- shaped surface projections (the "peplomers" or "spikes"), which in corona virus disease electron micrographs of spherical particles create an image reminiscent of the solar corona. (Wikipedia) → coronavirus disease 2019 FR: Coronaviridae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B6ZMXM8W-P coronavirus disease-19 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviridae https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviridae → coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirinae coronavirus disease 2019 Syn: · CoV Syn: · 2019 coronavirus disease · CoVs · 2019 novel coronavirus disease · corona virus · 2019 novel coronavirus infection · corona viruses · 2019-nCoV ARD · coronavirus · 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease · coronaviruses · 2019-nCoV disease BT: · Coronaviridae · 2019-nCoV infection · respiratory virus · CoVid-19 NT: · alphacoronavirus · CoVid-19 pandemic · betacoronavirus · CoVid-19 virus disease · contagiousness · CoVid-19 virus infection · deltacoronavirus · CoVid19 · gammacoronavirus · NCoV infection · human coronavirus · SARS-CoV-2 infection · seasonal coronavirus · SARS-CoV-2 virus infection · transmissibility · SARS-CoV2 infection · transmission · corona virus disease · viral protein · coronavirus disease-19 · virion · coronavirus-infected pneumonia RT: · ORF1ab · novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan · ORF1b · novel coronavirus pneumonia · novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract · novel-coronavirus disease-2019 infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some BT: · coronavirus infection cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, · emerging viral infection predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause · pandemic SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. (Wikipedia) · zoonotic disease FR: Coronavirinae RT: · candidate treatment URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RVH5DS6C-S · SARS-CoV-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital corona virus of China's Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. (Wikipedia) → Coronavirinae FR: maladie à coronavirus 2019 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CD598RD0-L coronavirus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_ → Coronavirinae %C3%A0_coronavirus_2019 coronavirus-infected pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 virus → coronavirus disease 2019 → SARS-CoV-2

44 | Covid-19 Thesaurus COVID-19 CONVALESCENT PLASMA THERAPY

corona viruses country of the European continent → Coronavirinae BT: European continent NT: · · coronaviruses · Italy → Coronavirinae · Luxemburg · Netherlands · Russia coronavirus infection · Sweden BT: viral respiratory illness · United Kingdom NT: · coronavirus disease 2019 FR: pays du continent européen · Middle East respiratory syndrome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RQNHS4HG-8 · severe acute respiratory syndrome FR: infection à coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NH6CPLLQ-W course → progression corticosteroid BT: immunomodulator CoV NT: glucocorticoid → Coronavirinae FR: corticostéroïde URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LK8S70J3-F CoVac-1 BT: subunit vaccine CORVax12 RT: University Hospital Tuebingen BT: DNA vaccine FR: CoVac-1 RT: Providence Health & Services URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PL56VW37-H FR: CORVax12 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VSG224KJ-H COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) countries of Asia BT: mRNA vaccine RT: Imperial College London → country of the Asian continent FR: COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PCN7FM1H-K countries of the Asian continent → country of the Asian continent Covaxin Syn: BBV152 country of Asia BT: inactivated vaccine RT: · Bharat Biotech → country of the Asian continent · Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus country of the Asian continent · Indian Council of Medical Research FR: Covaxin Syn: · Asian countries URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q6KCLS5N-L · Asian country · countries of Asia · countries of the Asian continent CoVid-19 · country of Asia → coronavirus disease 2019 BT: Asian continent NT: · China · India Covid-19/aAPC · Japan BT: recombinant cells vaccine · RT: Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute · Thailand FR: Covid-19/aAPC FR: pays du continent asiatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SWN6TD50-4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S36M6B1X-T Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy Syn: · convalescent plasma transfusion · convalescent plasma treatment BT: plasma therapy RT: CORIMUNO -19 FR: plasma de patients convalescents du Covid-19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QGV9T41H-N

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 45 COVID-19 GENOMICS UK (COG-UK) CONSORTIUM

Covid-19 Coronavirus Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell Vaccine Covigenix VAX-001 → pathogen-specific aAPC BT: DNA vaccine RT: Entos Pharmaceuticals FR: Covigenix VAX-001 COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H58XZJ3P-P → COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium Coviplasm COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium BT: French trial Syn: · COG-UK Consortium FR: Coviplasm · COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TF1GZXGD-K EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D BT: UK agency %C3%A9veloppement_et_recherche_de_m RT: VUI-202012/01 %C3%A9dicaments_contre_la_Covid-19 FR: COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BX011X2D-R CoVs

COVID-19 infection in intensive care unit → Coronavirinae → COVID-ICU cpap ventilation

CoVid-19 pandemic → continuous positive airway pressure → coronavirus disease 2019 CpG CoVid-19 virus BT: toll-like receptor 9 agonist FR: CpG → SARS-CoV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z0LXDTS4-5

CoVid-19 virus disease CpG ODN 1018 → coronavirus disease 2019 BT: toll-like receptor 9 agonist FR: CpG ODN 1018 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DCHWB8W5-4 CoVid-19 virus infection → coronavirus disease 2019 C reactive protein Syn: · C-reactive protein COVID-ICU · RCP Syn: COVID-19 infection in intensive care unit BT: · inflammatory marker BT: cohort study · inflammatory protein RT: intensive care unit C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped), pentameric FR: COVID-ICU protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DZJN9K99-0 response to inflammation. (Wikipedia) FR: protéine C réactive CoVid19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CPV57VBH-Q → coronavirus disease 2019 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine_C_r %C3%A9active CoVid19 virus → SARS-CoV-2 critical care unit → intensive care unit COVIDEF BT: cohort study critical case FR: COVIDEF BT: infection case URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QNDPF3HB-0 FR: cas critique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KWTHMN7R-S Covidicus BT: French trial critically ill FR: Covidicus BT: progression URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LMHP8MVB-1 RT: intensive care unit FR: état critique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJWRJ4K9-7

46 | Covid-19 Thesaurus CXC-CHEMOKINE

cross-immunity Cuban organization → cross immunity BT: organization NT: Cuban institute FR: organisme cubain cross-species transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B4056X7T-5 → interspecies transmission Curevac cross immunity Syn: CureVac Syn: · cross protection BT: German pharmaceutical laboratory · cross-immunity CureVac N.V. is a biopharmaceutical company, legally domiciled in the BT: immunity Netherlands and headquartered in Tübingen, Germany, that develops The definition of cross-reactivity refers specifically to the reaction of the therapies based on messenger RNA (mRNA). The company's focus is immune system to antigens. There can be cross-reactivity between the on developing vaccines for infectious diseases and drugs to treat for immune system and the antigens of two different pathogens, or between cancer and rare diseases. (Wikipédia) one pathogen and proteins on non-pathogens, which in some cases can FR: Curevac be the cause of allergies. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZZB4PQ49-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac FR: immunité croisée https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JGTNC6HB-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reactivity#In_immunology https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunit%C3%A9_crois%C3%A9e CureVac → Curevac cross infection → human to human transmission CVnCoV Vaccine BT: mRNA vaccine crossing species barrier FR: CVnCoV Vaccine → interspecies transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KBXPDJS0-M cross protection cXc-chemokine → cross immunity Syn: chemokine (cXc motif) ligand BT: chemokine NT: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 cross species transmission FR: chimiokine possédant des motifs cXc → interspecies transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X864GDQL-8 cross#infection → human to human transmission

CTL → cytotoxic T lymphocyte

CT scans → chest computerized tomography

Cuba → Republic of Cuba

Cuban institute BT: Cuban organization NT: Instituto Finlay de Vacunas FR: institut cubain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GB1315TR-R

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 47 CYTOKINE

cytokine cytotoxic T lymphocyte BT: inflammatory protein Syn: · CD8+ T-cell NT: · chemokine · CTL · granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating · T-killer cell factor-positive · killer T cell · interferon type I BT: T lymphocyte · interferon type II NT: memory CD8(+) T cell · interferon type III A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T- · interleukin 1 killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte · interleukin 10 (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected · interleukin 17 (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways. · interleukin 18 (Wikipedia) · interleukin 2 FR: lymphocyte T cytotoxique · interleukin 4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZK1911HB-X · interleukin 6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell · interleukin 7 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_T_cytotoxique · interleukin 8 · tumor necrosis factor alpha RT: hypercytokinemia Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. Their definite distinction from hormones is still part of ongoing research. (Wikipedia) FR: cytokine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RDB8HP86-S EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine cytokine release syndrome → cytokine storm syndrome cytokine storm → cytokine storm syndrome cytokine storm syndrome Syn: · cytokine release syndrome · cytokine storm · storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines BT: systemic inflammatory response syndrome RT: · hypercytokinemia · tocilizumab A cytokine storm, also called hypercytokinemia, is a physiological reaction in humans and other animals in which the innate immune system causes an uncontrolled and excessive release of pro- inflammatory signaling molecules called cytokines. (Wikipedia) FR: choc cytokinique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NL78WNML-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_storm https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choc_cytokinique cytotherapy → cell therapy

48 | Covid-19 Thesaurus DELETION

death BT: progression D FR: décès URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C7LH9BFF-M

D-dimer Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing Syn: D dimer Syn: · DP-3T BT: biochemical marker · DP3T D-dimer (or D dimer) is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small BT: tracking protocol protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-3T, stylized as fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the dp3t) is an open protocol developed in response to the COVID-19 fibrin protein joined by a cross-link. (Wikipedia) pandemic to facilitate of infected participants. FR: D-dimère The protocol, like competing protocol Pan-European Privacy-Preserving URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VLSPP9W2-D Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT), uses Bluetooth Low Energy to track and EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-dimer log encounters with other users. (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-dim%C3%A8re FR: Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing D614G mutation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N5BTDWFW-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy- BT: mutation in S gene Preserving_Proximity_Tracing FR: mutation D614G URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NJJ92T8J-0 decision network → D80Y mutation bayesian network BT: mutation in S gene FR: mutation D80Y degenerative disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W0PVK4P9-D BT: comorbidity Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based database on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will BT: clinical research increasingly deteriorate over time. (Wikipedia) NT: GenBank FR: maladie dégénérative FR: base de données URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZBM6XKSW-6 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KM07S0XL-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disease https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_d%C3%A9g%C3%A9n %C3%A9rative date BT: emergence degranulation NT: · 2002 BT: innate immunity function · 2003 · 2004 Degranulation is a cellular process that releases antimicrobial cytotoxic · 2005 or other molecules from secretory vesicles called granules found inside · 2012 some cells. It is used by several different cells involved in the immune system, including granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) · 2019 and mast cells. (Wikipedia) A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within FR: dégranulation a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NVP8ZKNB-4 identified. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degranulation FR: date https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9granulation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N4SDS8W8-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_date https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date deletion BT: genetic variation Dawmet Aljandal In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of BT: Al-Jawf Region a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication. FR: Dawmet Aljandal (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H93LTWTM-8 FR: délétion URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BJMGWCB3-0 D dimer EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deletion_(genetics) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9l%C3%A9tion_(g → D-dimer %C3%A9n%C3%A9tique)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 49 DELTA CHAIN

delta-CoV depression → deltacoronavirus BT: psychological disorder Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is delta chain a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood. (Wikipedia) BT: heavy chain FR: chaîne delta FR: dépression URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZBSKT1S6-V URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V1MNNDJ8-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9pression_(psychiatrie) deltacoronavirus Syn: · delta CoV detecting plasma viral RNA · delta-CoV → detecting viral RNA · deltaCoV · deltacoronaviruses BT: Coronavirinae detecting viral RNA RT: · Aves Syn: detecting plasma viral RNA · mammal BT: molecular assay FR: deltacoronavirus NT: · real-time polymerase chain reaction URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RM8TB7KM-8 · reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction FR: détection de l'ARN viral deltacoronaviruses URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FLDLR1HL-K → deltacoronavirus determinant delta CoV → risk factor → deltacoronavirus deltaCoV BT: · glucocorticoid · immunomodulator → deltacoronavirus RT: Recovery Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant Deming wheel effects. (Wikipedia) → plan-do-check-act cycle FR: dexaméthasone URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N19DDLQR-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone dendritic cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexam%C3%A9thasone BT: · antigen-presenting cell · phagocyte diabetes mellitus type 2 · sentinel cell Syn: non-insulin-dependent diabetes NT: Langerhans cell BT: · chronic disease RT: Fc receptor · metabolic disease Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the resistance, and relative lack of insulin. (Wikipedia) innate and the adaptive immune systems. (Wikipedia) FR: diabète de type 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S9H1ZFQR-Q FR: cellule dendritique EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N82QP1NP-9 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diab%C3%A8te_de_type_2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_dendritique diagnosis deoxyribonucleic acid NT: · biological diagnosis → DNA · genome sequencing · histological diagnosis · imaging · symptomatology · test FR: diagnostic URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P1B3C8D6-0

50 | Covid-19 Thesaurus DIRECT TRANSMISSION

diagnostic test digital tracking → molecular assay Syn: · digital contact tracing · digital smartphone tracking · digital tracing diagnostic testing · track physical proximity between phones → molecular assay BT: contact tracing NT: · technology · tracking protocol dialysis FR: traçage numérique Syn: kidney replacement therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BLW8TK3H-K BT: support treatment EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recherche_des_contacts RT: acute renal failure Dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, dialysis, "dissolution"; from διά, dia, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 "through", and λύσις, lysis, "loosening or splitting") is the process of Syn: · Dpp4 removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally. This is · adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2 referred to as renal replacement therapy. (Wikipedia) BT: cellular receptor RT: MERS-CoV FR: dialyse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SG5R10V8-N The protein encoded by the DPP4 gene is an enzyme expressed on the EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis surface of most cell types and is associated with immune regulation, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialyse signal transduction, and apoptosis. It is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, but a soluble form, which lacks the intracellular and transmembrane part, is present in blood plasma and various body fluids. diarrhea DPP-4 is a serine exopeptidase that cleaves X-proline or X-alanine → diarrhoea dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. (Wikipedia) FR: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XGMJV457-2 diarrhoea EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4 Syn: diarrhea https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4 BT: · gastrointestinal manifestation · sequela direct effect of the vaccine FR: diarrhée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P7ZVLWQZ-S → direct vaccine effectiveness diffuse alveolar damage direct impact of the vaccine BT: histological diagnosis → direct vaccine effectiveness RT: acute respiratory distress syndrome FR: atteinte alvéolaire diffuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F3J95THN-3 Directorate-General of Health BT: French ministry digestive manifestation The Direction générale de la Santé (DGS) is one of the Directorate- General of the French Ministry of Health. Its mission is to the → gastrointestinal manifestation public health politic and participate in its implementation. (Wikipedia) FR: Direction générale de la santé digestive symptom URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R6LHRB1F-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n → gastrointestinal manifestation %C3%A9rale_de_la_Sant%C3%A9 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n %C3%A9rale_de_la_Sant%C3%A9 digital contact tracing → digital tracking direct transmission BT: human to human transmission digital smartphone tracking NT: vertical transmission → digital tracking FR: transmission directe URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SNQPHQDT-H digital tracing → digital tracking

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 51 DIRECT VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS

direct vaccine effectiveness DNA-based vaccine candidate Syn: · direct effect of the vaccine → DNA vaccine · direct impact of the vaccine BT: vaccine protective effect DNA amplification « Direct vaccine effectiveness compares the direct risk of a randomly Syn: amplification of DNA selected individual with and without the vaccination program. » Shim, E. and Galvani A.P. (2012). "Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and BT: molecular assay effectiveness." Vaccine 30(47): 6700-6705. NT: · loop-mediated isothermal amplification · reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal FR: efficacité vaccinale directe amplification URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HP8RMRRD-3 FR: amplification de l'ADN URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZX82BXM6-6 Discovery BT: European trial DNA vaccination RT: · chloroquine → DNA vaccine · hydroxychloroquine · lopinavir/ritonavir · lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a DNA vaccine · remdesivir Syn: · DNA vaccination FR: Discovery · DNA-based COVID-19 vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CC1NS67D-W · DNA-based vaccine candidate EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_(essai_clinique) BT: nucleic acid vaccine NT: · AG0301-COVID19 disease cluster · CORVax12 → cluster · Covigenix VAX-001 · GX-19 · INO-4800 disseminated intravascular coagulation · nCov Vaccine Syn: intravascular disseminated coagulation FR: vaccin à ADN BT: intravascular coagulopathy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MWVDWH16-Z Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels. domestic animal Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain, BT: animal problems speaking, or problems moving parts of the body. (Wikipedia) FR: animal domestique FR: coagulation intravasculaire disséminée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CNJZR532-7 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z69SKKTK-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation domestic cat https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_intravasculaire_diss %C3%A9min%C3%A9e → Felis catus

DNA DP-3T Syn: · deoxyribonucleic acid → Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing · synthetic DNA medicine platform BT: technology platform DP3T RT: nucleic acid vaccine → Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth Dpp4 and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. (Wikipedia) → dipeptidyl peptidase 4 FR: ADN URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V1MB6W6F-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA dromedary camel https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_d%C3%A9soxyribonucl %C3%A9ique → Camelus dromedarius

DNA-based COVID-19 vaccine droplet nuclei transmission → DNA vaccine → aerosol transmission

52 | Covid-19 Thesaurus DYSPNEA

droplets transmission Syn: · respiratory system droplets · transmission by droplets BT: airborne transmission FR: transmission par gouttelettes URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HT840KV4-1 drug class BT: candidate drug NT: · angiotensin II receptor blocker · angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor · anthelmintic · antibiotic · antimalarial agent · antiviral · immunomodulator · steroid anti-inflammatory drug A drug class is a set of medications and other compounds that have similar chemical structures, the same mechanism of action (i.e., bind to the same biological target), a related mode of action, and/or are used to treat the same disease. (Wikipedia) FR: classe pharmacologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T25VGLR8-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_class https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_pharmacologique drug combination Syn: combination therapy BT: candidate drug NT: · lopinavir/ritonavir · lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a · sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine FR: association médicamenteuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SLTJWRBS-G dry cough Syn: non-productive cough BT: respiration manifestation FR: toux sèche URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZDC0F8Z1-N dyspnea Syn: · breath shortness · breathlessness · shortness of breath BT: respiration manifestation Shortness of breath (SOB), also known as dyspnea (BrE: dyspnoea) is a feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on activities of daily living. (Wikipedia) FR: dyspnée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H1MG1931-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortness_of_breath https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspn%C3%A9e

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 53 E484K MUTATION

effector cell BT: lymphocyte E FR: lymphocyte effecteur URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J085DQTX-P

E484K mutation effector memory CD4 T-cell BT: mutation in S gene → effector memory CD4 T cell RT: 501Y.V2 FR: mutation E484K URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CFH73JZH-4 effector memory CD4 T cell Syn: effector memory CD4 T-cell EasyCov BT: memory CD4(+) T cell FR: lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire effectrice BT: salivary test URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NQQLPZMB-4 FR: EasyCov URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SJVCR91B-G effector memory CD8 T-cell

Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen → effector memory CD8 T cell → University Hospital Tuebingen effector memory CD8 T cell ECHOVID Syn: effector memory CD8 T-cell BT: memory CD8(+) T cell BT: cohort study FR: lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire effectrice RT: lung ultrasound URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C7TN0KH8-1 FR: ECHOVID URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJJD1095-F efficacité indirecte du vaccin

ECLS treatment → indirect vaccine effectiveness → extracorporeal membrane oxygenation elderly person ECMO BT: · age · exposure risk → extracorporeal membrane oxygenation FR: personne âgée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D2777QS8-G ECMO treatment → extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ELISA → ELISA test eculizumab BT: anti-C5a monoclonal antibody ELISA N RT: CORIMUNO -19 → ELISA N assay Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody functioning as a terminal complement inhibitor. (Wikipedia) ELISA N assay FR: éculizumab Syn: ELISA N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RVN96KR0-G EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eculizumab BT: ELISA test https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89culizumab RT: N protein FR: test ELISA N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VV5HF35B-P effective reproduction number Syn: reproduction number over time BT: transmissibility ELISA S assay FR: nombre de reproduction effectif Syn: · ELISA tri-S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P92Z1BFT-7 · ELISA trimeric S EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod BT: ELISA test %C3%A8les_compartimentaux_en_%C3%A9pid %C3%A9miologie RT: spike protein FR: test ELISA S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZMMK2M3P-T

54 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ENCAPSIDATION

ELISA serological assay emerging disease → ELISA test Syn: · emergent new infection · emerging communicable disease · emerging infection ELISA test · emerging infectious disease Syn: · ELISA NT: emerging viral infection · ELISA serological assay FR: maladie émergente · enzyme linked immunosorbent assay URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WNDG2GLZ-C · enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_%C3%A9mergente · enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay BT: serological testing emerging infection NT: · ELISA N assay → · ELISA S assay emerging disease The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (/ɪˈlaɪzə/, /ˌiːˈlaɪzə/) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by emerging infectious disease Engvall and Perlmann in 1971. The assay uses a solid-phase type → emerging disease of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measured. (Wikipedia) emerging viral disease FR: test ELISA → emerging viral infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KBGFR6W4-R EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_immuno- emerging viral infection enzymatique_ELISA Syn: · emerging viral disease · new viral infection ELISA tri-S BT: · emerging disease → ELISA S assay · viral disease NT: · coronavirus disease 2019 · Middle East respiratory syndrome ELISA trimeric S · severe acute respiratory syndrome → ELISA S assay FR: infection virale émergente URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DCB7977S-0

EmbeCoVirus → betacoronavirus lineage A emerging virus BT: virus NT: · emergence emergence · emerging coronavirus BT: emerging virus FR: virus émergent NT: date URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LG3JHS43-0 FR: émergence URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CSC0C91R-2 EMMPRIN → basigin emergent new infection → emerging disease encapsidation BT: viral life cycle emerging communicable disease FR: encapsidation → emerging disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XW5JN5FF-6 emerging coronavirus Syn: emerging coronaviruses BT: emerging virus NT: · MERS-CoV · SARS-CoV · SARS-CoV-2 FR: coronavirus émergent URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PC60979H-1 emerging coronaviruses → emerging coronavirus

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 55 ENDOCYTOSIS

endocytosis enhancing antibody BT: viral life cycle → facilitating antibody NT: endosome RT: · adaptor-related protein complex 2 · clathrin enterocyte Syn: intestinal absorptive cell Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into BT: cell type the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle RT: intestine containing the ingested material. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of active transport. cells which line the inner surface of the small and large intestines. A (Wikipedia) glycocalyx surface coat contains digestive enzymes. Microvilli on the FR: endocytose apical surface increase its surface area. This facilitates transport of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SX09C7ST-C numerous small molecules into the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen. EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytosis (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytose FR: entérocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L67X0F8D-3 endoribonuclease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocyte https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A9rocyte → non-structural protein 15 Entos Pharmaceuticals endoRNAse BT: Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory → non-structural protein 15 RT: Covigenix VAX-001 FR: Entos Pharmaceuticals URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MMP1P3G8-M endosome BT: endocytosis enveloppe (E) protein Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in → E protein eukaryotic cells. They are part of endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the enveloppe protein way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the plasma membrane in the endocytic cycle. (Wikipedia) → E protein FR: endosome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T0N8S653-2 ENVIROREA EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosome BT: French trial FR: ENVIROREA URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V5X050CS-S endothelial cell BT: cell type enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay Endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line → ELISA test the interior surface of blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Endothelial cells form the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay barrier between vessels and tissue and control the flow of substances and fluid into and out of a tissue. (Wikipedia) → ELISA test FR: cellule endothéliale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WWGSVJ79-V enzyme linked immunosorbent assay EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoth%C3%A9lium → ELISA test endotracheal aspirate eosinopenia BT: aspiration BT: hematological marker FR: aspiration endotrachéale RT: eosinophil URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SQCTH2W6-H Eosinopenia is a form of agranulocytosis where the number of eosinophil granulocytes is lower than expected. (Wikipedia) endotracheal tube FR: éosinopénie → intubation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X94X327L-0 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinopenia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_%C3%A9osinophile# %C3%89osinop%C3%A9nie enhancing antibodies → facilitating antibody

56 | Covid-19 Thesaurus EPITHELIAL CELL

eosinophil epidemiological monitoring Syn: · acidophil Syn: epidemiologic monitoring · eosinophile BT: epidemiology BT: granulocyte FR: surveillance épidémiologique RT: · eosinopenia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MFVL3JZT-M · Fc receptor EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_%C3%A9pid %C3%A9miologique Eosinophils, sometimes called eosinophiles or, less commonly, acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites epidemiological studies and certain infections in vertebrates. (Wikipedia) → epidemiologic study FR: polynucléaire éosinophile URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZZWC0HSW-V epidemiological study EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_%C3%A9osinophile → epidemiologic study eosinophile epidemiologic monitoring → eosinophil → epidemiological monitoring epicentre epidemiologic studies BT: epidemic → epidemiologic study FR: épicentre URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RTTCVVQT-Q epidemiologic study epidemic Syn: · epidemiologic studies · epidemiological studies BT: public health · epidemiological study NT: · epicentre BT: epidemiology · epidemic curve NT: · cohort study · first wave · seroepidemiologic study · outbreak FR: étude épidémiologique · pandemic URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WFJSRXV2-L · second wave · spatiotemporal distribution epidemiology An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in BT: public health a given population within a short period of time. (Wikipedia) NT: · epidemic forecasting · epidemiologic study FR: épidémie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RXX7WHMP-W · epidemiological monitoring EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic · health crisis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pid%C3%A9mie · health indicator Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, epidemic curve and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. (Wikipedia) BT: epidemic FR: épidémiologie An epidemic curve, also known as an epi curve or epidemiological URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C036MXHF-6 curve, is a statistical chart used in epidemiology to visualise the onset EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology of a disease outbreak. It can help with the identification of the mode of https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie transmission of the disease. It can also show the disease's magnitude, its outliers, its trend over time, and its incubation period. (Wikipedia) epithelial cell FR: courbe épidémique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XW1CX2KV-8 BT: cell type EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic_curve NT: respiratory epithelial cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courbe_%C3%A9pid FR: cellule épithéliale %C3%A9mique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KV0NC8W5-1 epidemic forecasting BT: epidemiology NT: modelling FR: prévision épidémique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W76SB7VJ-K

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 57 EPITOPE

epitope European association Syn: antigenic determinant BT: European organization BT: antigen NT: consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving RT: receptor binding domain Proximity Tracing An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of an FR: association européenne URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HL1WNCNS-0 antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. For example, the epitope is the specific piece of the antigen to which an antibody binds. The part of an antibody European Centre for Disease Prevention and that binds to the epitope is called a paratope. (Wikipedia) Control FR: épitope BT: European agency URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MVN2TD12-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pitope independent agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases. (Wikipedia) EpiVacCorona FR: Centre européen de prévention et de contrôle des BT: subunit vaccine maladies RT: Federal Budgetary Research Institution State URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G37Q3CZF-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control "Vector" https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_europ%C3%A9en_de_pr FR: EpiVacCorona %C3%A9vention_et_de_contr%C3%B4le_des_maladies URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C1LCJ99X-Q European continent E protein Syn: Europe Syn: · enveloppe (E) protein BT: continent · enveloppe protein NT: country of the European continent · small envelope protein RT: European organization BT: structural protein FR: continent européen RT: ORF4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TXG51CKQ-Z FR: protéine E URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NQSP4NQ4-6 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV European Medicines Agency BT: European agency RT: marketing authorization epsilon chain The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European BT: heavy chain Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of medicinal FR: chaîne epsilon products. Prior to 2004, it was known as the European Agency for the URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D1F7XCG0-T Evaluation of Medicinal Products or European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). (Wikipedia) erythrocyte sedimentation rate FR: Agence européenne du médicament Syn: sed rate URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TCG6B55J-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency BT: inflammatory marker https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_europ %C3%A9enne_des_m%C3%A9dicaments The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube over a period of one hour. It is a common hematology test, and is a non-specific measure of inflammation. (Wikipedia) European organization BT: organization FR: vitesse de sédimentation NT: · European agency URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D6L8WFQ6-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate · European association https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitesse_de_s%C3%A9dimentation RT: European continent FR: organisme européen URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XQZWDNM5-N Europe → European continent European trial BT: clinical trial European agency NT: Discovery BT: European organization FR: essai européen NT: · European Centre for Disease Prevention and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NQZK8NSM-9 Control · European Medicines Agency FR: agence européenne URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DMJFXHF8-T

58 | Covid-19 Thesaurus EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION

European vaccine strategy Syn: EU vaccine strategy BT: vaccine strategy FR: stratégie vaccinale européenne URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RS9GMVQZ-C

EU vaccine strategy → European vaccine strategy excessive alcohol intake → alcoholism exocytosis BT: viral life cycle FR: exocytose URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WK502M7M-C experimental drug → candidate drug exposure risk BT: transmission NT: · adult · child · elderly person · pregnant woman FR: risque d'exposition URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VJB00VZL-P extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer → basigin extracorporeal life support → extracorporeal membrane oxygenation extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Syn: · ECLS treatment · ECMO · ECMO treatment · extracorporeal life support BT: respiratory therapy Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is an extracorporeal technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of gas exchange or perfusion to sustain life. (Wikipedia) FR: oxygénation extracorporelle de membrane URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WTHJMTTV-4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyg %C3%A9nation_par_membrane_extracorporelle

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 59 EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION É

établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes → nursing home

60 | Covid-19 Thesaurus FECES

favipiravir BT: viral RNA polymerase inhibitor F Favipiravir, sold under the brand name Avigan among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza in Japan. It is also being studied to treat a number of other viral infections. Like the experimental F.N.A.H. antiviral drugs T-1105 and T-1106, it is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative. (Wikipedia) → French National Authority for Health FR: favipiravir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FXBVRG3D-9 facilitating antibodies EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favipiravir https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favipiravir → facilitating antibody

FCGR2 facilitating antibody → FcγRII Syn: · enhancing antibodies · enhancing antibody · facilitating antibodies FcγRII BT: antibody Syn: · CD32 RT: vaccine-associated enhanced disease · FCGR2 FR: anticorps facilitant BT: Fc receptor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BFHGHHR9-T CD32 (cluster of differentiation 32), also known as FcγRII or FCGR2, is a surface receptor glycoprotein belonging to the Ig gene superfamily. faecal material CD32 can be found on the surface of a variety of immune cells. CD32 → feces has a low-affinity for the Fc region of IgG antibodies in monomeric form, but high affinity for IgG immune complexes. (Wikipédia) FR: récepteur FcgammaRII (CD32) faeces URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KQTSCLC9-4 → feces EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD32 false negative Fc receptor BT: · sensitivity BT: transmembrane protein · specificity NT: FcγRII FR: faux négatif RT: · B lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XVMHMC4Z-L · basophil EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_n%C3%A9gatif · dendritic cell · eosinophil · macrophage false positive · mast cell BT: · sensitivity · neutrophil · specificity FR: faux positif A Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells – URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NFK159SH-L including, among others, B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, natural EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_positif killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, human platelets, and mast cells – that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system. (Wikipedia) family environment FR: récepteur Fc → household URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QRSDG6L0-0 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc_receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cepteur_Fc fatigue BT: · common clinical feature FDA · sequela FR: fatigue → Food and Drug Administration URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZKRR6959-T feces Syn: · faecal material · faeces · stool BT: specimen FR: fécès URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CGL0JW80-1

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 61 FEDERAL BUDGETARY RESEARCH INSTITUTION STATE RESEARCH CENTER OF VIROLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY "VECTOR"

Federal Budgetary Research Institution State FFP-mask Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Syn: · FFP mask "Vector" · filtering facepiece (FFP) mask Syn: · S tate Research Center of Virology and · filtering facepiece mask Biotechnology VECTOR BT: anti-projection mask · Vector Institute NT: · FFP2-mask BT: Russian research organization · FFP3-mask RT: EpiVacCorona The FFP standards are mechanical filter standards used for protective The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, masks certified by the European Union. FFP-standard filters also known as the Vector Institute (Russian: Государственный serve to protect against such as particles, droplets, and научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии „Вектор“), is a aerosols. (Wikipedia) biological research center in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. FR: masque FFP (Wikipédia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QKS5H76N-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFP_standards FR: Federal Budgetary Research Institution State https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masque_de_protection_FFP Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FGDS1WMJ-1 FFP2-mask EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ State_Research_Center_of_Virology_and_Biotechnology_VECTOR Syn: · FFP2 mask https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ · class 2 filtering facepiece (FFP) mask Centre_national_de_recherche_en_virologie_et_biotechnologie_VECTOR · class 2 filtering facepiece mask BT: FFP-mask Felis catus FFP2 masks with exhalation valve : Aerosol filtration percentage: Not Syn: domestic cat less than 94%. Internal leak rate: Maximum 8% (Wikipedia) BT: · intermediate host FR: masque FFP2 · mammal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z29M8269-2 FR: Felis catus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFP_standards#FFP2_mask URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GPH0CNQD-J FFP2 mask female → FFP2-mask BT: gender ratio FR: femme URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HZJ26K77-6 FFP3-mask Syn: · FFP3 mask · class 3 filtering facepiece (FFP) mask ferritin BT: FFP-mask BT: biochemical marker FFP3 mask with exhalation valve : Aerosol filtration percentage: Not less RT: hyperferritinemia than 99%. Internal leak rate: Maximum 2% (Wikipedia) Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases FR: masque FFP3 it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z4338860-8 living organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFP_standards#FFP2_mask animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. (Wikipedia) FFP3 mask FR: ferritine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VZJLPNCN-6 → FFP3-mask EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritine FFP mask fever → FFP-mask BT: common clinical feature FR: fièvre filtering facepiece (FFP) mask URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S53PH55Z-M → FFP-mask

filtering facepiece mask → FFP-mask

62 | Covid-19 Thesaurus FRENCH NATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR HEALTH

fingerstick blood Foshan BT: blood BT: Guangdong Province FR: sang prélevé du doigt FR: Foshan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K3SX5825-4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MNF0GTTR-K

FINLAY-FR-1 France BT: subunit vaccine BT: country of the European continent RT: Instituto Finlay de Vacunas RT: French organization FR: FINLAY-FR-1 FR: France URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JCC79R8W-G URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RZ55N6PS-P

Finlay Institute French agency → Instituto Finlay de Vacunas BT: French organization NT: · National Agency for Drug Safety · National Research Agency first phase of the disease FR: agence française Syn: first phase of the infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G16D0VLW-B BT: symptomatology NT: · common clinical feature · gastrointestinal manifestation French authority · neurologic manifestation BT: French organization · respiration manifestation NT: · French High Council on Public Health RT: home surveillance · French National Authority for Health FR: première phase de la maladie FR: instance française URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FW6KZRBW-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KBCX4VHZ-5 first phase of the infection French High Council on Public Health → first phase of the disease BT: French authority FR: Haut Conseil de la santé publique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N5J63TBQ-3 first wave EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut_Conseil_de_la_sant %C3%A9_publique BT: epidemic FR: première vague URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PC24MXHN-R French institute BT: French organization fomite NT: · Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale BT: transmission mode · FR: objet contaminé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WZ0D8Q83-T FR: institut français URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D08HZ5BQ-7

Food & Drug Administration French ministry → Food and Drug Administration BT: French organization NT: Directorate-General of Health Food and Drug Administration FR: ministère français URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SVHNCW9Q-W Syn: · FDA · Food & Drug Administration · USFDA French National Authority for Health · United States Food & Drug Administration Syn: · F.N.A.H. BT: American agency · National Authority for Health The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency BT: French authority of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of NT: Technical Vaccination Committee the United States federal executive departments. (Wikipedia) FR: Haute Autorité de Santé FR: Food and Drug Administration URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XKXV333C-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BPGRTM6D-R EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 63 FRENCH ORGANIZATION

French organization French trial BT: organization BT: clinical trial NT: · French agency NT: · ACORES-2 · French authority · CORIMUNO -19 · French institute · Covidicus · French ministry · Coviplasm · French pharmaceutical laboratory · ENVIROREA · French research organization · INHASCO RT: France · MULTI-COV FR: organisme français · NODS-COV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PWVN2RST-Z · NucleoCov2 · PREP COVID French pharmaceutical company · STROMA-COV2 FR: essai français → French pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B1V1D06P-4

French pharmaceutical factory Full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 gly-coprotein nanoparticle → French pharmaceutical laboratory vaccine → NVX-CoV2373 French pharmaceutical firm → French pharmaceutical laboratory funeral BT: public health measure NT: funeral practice French pharmaceutical lab FR: funérailles → French pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KVKJ8L2P-4

French pharmaceutical laboratory funeral practice Syn: · French pharmaceutical company BT: funeral · French pharmaceutical factory FR: pratique funéraire · French pharmaceutical firm URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FCWB4VXZ-B · French pharmaceutical lab · French pharmaceutical manufacturer furin BT: French organization NT: Sanofi BT: host cell protease FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique français Furin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FURIN gene. URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LSVLH90P-3 Some proteins are inactive when they are first synthesized, and must have sections removed in order to become active. Furin cleaves these sections and activates the proteins. (Wikipedia) French pharmaceutical manufacturer FR: furine → French pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VHMCX3LJ-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furine French research organization BT: French organization NT: Centre national de la recherche scientifique fusion FR: organisme de recherche français BT: viral life cycle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NR36SQ5Q-Q RT: · fusion peptide · S2 subunit FR: fusion French residential care for senior URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TZ6HJL4S-Z → nursing home fusion peptide BT: S2 subunit RT: fusion FR: peptide de fusion URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HW6X18DZ-X

64 | Covid-19 Thesaurus GAMMACORONAVIRUS

Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology G Syn: · Gamaleya Scientific Research Institute · Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology γ-δT cell · N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for → γδT cell Epidemiology & Microbiology BT: Russian research organization RT: · Gam-COVID-Vac galidesivir · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo BT: nucleoside analogue The Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology FR: galidesivir (Russian: Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HS14MB0L-P и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н. Ф. Гамалеи, romanized: Natsional’nyy isslyedovatyel’skiy tsentr epidyemiologii i mikrobiologii imyeni pochetnogo akadyemika N. F. Gamalyei), GALT previously known as the N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center → gut-associated lymphoid tissue for Epidemiology & Microbiology (and also known as the Gamaleya Scientific Research Institute or Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology) is a Russian medical-research institute Gam-COVID-Vac headquartered in Moscow. (Wikipédia) Syn: rAd26-S+rAd5-S FR: institut de recherche Gamaleya d'épidémiologie et BT: adenovirus vaccine vector de microbiologie RT: · Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NGFXK0G1-0 and Microbiology EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Gamaleya_Research_Institute_of_Epidemiology_and_Microbiology · Health Ministry of the Russian Federation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_recherche_Gamaleya_d · non-replicant viral vector %27%C3%A9pid%C3%A9miologie_et_de_microbiologie · Sputnik V · type 26 adenovirus · type 5 adenovirus Gamaleya Scientific Research Institute FR: Gam-COVID-Vac → Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RWP52TJ1-N Microbiology EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam-COVID-Vac

gamma chain Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo BT: heavy chain BT: adenovirus vaccine vector FR: chaîne gamma RT: · Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CKXXDN0X-H and Microbiology · Health Ministry of the Russian Federation · non-replicant viral vector gammacoronavirus · Sputnik V Syn: · gammaCoV · type 26 adenovirus · gammacoronaviruses · type 5 adenovirus BT: Coronavirinae FR: Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo RT: Aves URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N2KBKHJ6-0 FR: gammacoronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F7L5R286-2 Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology gammacoronaviruses → Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and → gammacoronavirus Microbiology

gammaCoV → gammacoronavirus

gamma delta T cell → γδT cell

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 65 GANCICLOVIR

ganciclovir γδT cell BT: nucleoside analogue Syn: · gamma delta T cell Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus · γ-δT cell (CMV) infections. (Wikipedia) BT: · innate immune cell · T lymphocyte FR: ganciclovir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PF81SHQB-9 Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a distinctive T- EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganciclovir cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells are αβ (alpha beta) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganciclovir T cells with TCR composed of two glycoprotein chains called α (alpha) and β (beta) TCR chains. In contrast, gamma delta (γδ) T cells have a TCR that is made up of one γ (gamma) chain and one δ (delta) chain. gastrointestinal disorder (Wikipedia) → gastrointestinal manifestation FR: lymphocyte T γδ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KF1R228R-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_delta_T_cell gastrointestinal feature https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_T_gamma_delta_(%CE → gastrointestinal manifestation %B3%CE%B4) gastrointestinal manifestation GenBank Syn: · digestive manifestation Syn: genetic sequence database · digestive symptom BT: database · gastrointestinal disorder NT: genome sequence · gastrointestinal feature RT: National Center for Biotechnology Information · gastrointestinal symptom The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated BT: first phase of the disease collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein NT: diarrhoea translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for FR: manifestation gastrointestinale Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a part of the National Institutes of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C2D9QDJD-W Health in the United States) as part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). (Wikipedia) FR: GenBank gastrointestinal symptom URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XPMNBPLW-5 → gastrointestinal manifestation EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenBank https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenBank

GAVI gender ratio → Vaccine Alliance BT: health indicator NT: · female Gavi · male → Vaccine Alliance The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. (Wikipedia) FR: sex-ratio GAVI Alliance URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D8XJ0LQC-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_ratio → Vaccine Alliance https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-ratio

G clade gene BT: SARS-CoV-2 clade BT: genome NT: · GH clade NT: S gene · GR clade RT: genome sequencing · GV clade In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that FR: clade G encodes the synthesis of a gene product, either RNA or protein. During URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WWFN1GGX-C gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. (Wikipédia) FR: gène URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HSLN9VDX-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A8ne

66 | Covid-19 Thesaurus GERMAN ORGANIZATION

gene expression genome BT: genome Syn: · genomic data Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is · genomic features used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. (Wikipedia) BT: virion NT: · gene FR: expression génique · gene expression URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D7FDPNNK-G EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression · genetic variation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_g%C3%A9n · nucleic acid %C3%A9tique · open reading frame · phylogenetic analysis general public mask · untranslated region RT: genome sequence → alternative mask In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genetic distance genome includes both the genes (the coding regions) and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. (Wikipedia) BT: interspecies transmission FR: distance génétique FR: génome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DN08RGF3-8 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QL1H7RMJ-H EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nome genetic diversity genome sequence → genetic variation Syn: genomic sequence BT: GenBank genetic reshuffling RT: genome → recombination FR: séquence de génome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T6TN26G1-G genetic sequence database genome sequencing → GenBank BT: diagnosis RT: · gene genetic variation · GISAID Syn: genetic diversity FR: séquençage du génome BT: genome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V762GL2C-J EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quen%C3%A7age NT: · deletion · mutation · reassortment genomic data · recombination → genome RT: variant virus FR: variation génétique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S64CZG94-V genomic features → genome Genexine Inc BT: South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory genomic sequence RT: GX-19 → genome sequence FR: Genexine Inc URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B75QL7D3-7 German organization BT: organization NT: · German pharmaceutical laboratory · German university FR: organisme allemand URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DS4ZZNS4-R

German pharmaceutical company → German pharmaceutical laboratory

German pharmaceutical factory → German pharmaceutical laboratory

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 67 GERMAN PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY

German pharmaceutical firm GlaxoSmithKline → German pharmaceutical laboratory BT: UK pharmaceutical laboratory RT: Sanofi-GSK German pharmaceutical lab GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Brentford, England. Established in 2000 by → German pharmaceutical laboratory a merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, GSK was the world's sixth largest pharmaceutical company according to Forbes as of 2019, after Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Merck & Co. (Wikipédia) German pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: · German pharmaceutical company FR: GlaxoSmithKline URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XLHB0QNV-Z · German pharmaceutical factory · German pharmaceutical firm · German pharmaceutical lab Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety · German pharmaceutical manufacturer BT: World Health Organization BT: German organization RT: vaccination NT: · Biopharmaceutical New Technologies · Curevac The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique allemand was established in 1999 to respond promptly, efficiently, and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CBJ2JMB7-K with scientific rigour to vaccine safety issues of potential global importance. The Committee provides independent, authoritative, scientific advice to WHO on vaccine safety issues of global German pharmaceutical manufacturer or regional concern with the potential to affect in the short or long term national programmes. World Health → German pharmaceutical laboratory Organization. "The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS)." (Retrieved 07/12/2020, from https://www.who.int/groups/ global-advisory-committee-on-vaccine-safety/) German university BT: German organization FR: Comité consultatif mondial de la sécurité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VMHS46MD-B NT: University Hospital Tuebingen FR: université allemande URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L4V78QWW-M global positioning system Syn: GPS Germany BT: technology BT: country of the European continent The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally NAVSTAR GPS, FR: Allemagne is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJJB69K8-G States government and operated by the United States Space Force. (Wikipedia)

GH clade FR: système de positionnement global URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MQDKZDB9-J BT: G clade EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System FR: clade GH https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B0Z9DQ59-D glove GISAID BT: hand hygiene BT: international organization FR: gant RT: · genome sequencing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L1S61TMD-N · SARS-CoV-2 clade The GISAID Initiative promotes the rapid sharing of data from glucocorticoid all influenza viruses and the coronavirus causing COVID-19. This BT: corticosteroid includes genetic sequence and related clinical and epidemiological data associated with human viruses, and geographical as well as NT: dexamethasone species-specific data associated with avian and other animal viruses, Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes to help researchers understand how viruses evolve and spread during that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN- epidemics and pandemics. GISAID. "Enabling rapid and open access to γ, the most important of which is IL-2. (Wikipedia) epidemic and pandemic virus data". (Retrieved 08/12/2020, from https:// www.gisaid.org/) FR: glucocorticoïde URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FPS7K44L-J FR: Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid#Pharmacology URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V56VJZDF-0 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortico%C3%Afde EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Global_Initiative_on_Sharing_Avian_Influenza_Data

68 | Covid-19 Thesaurus GROUND-GLASS OPACITIES

glucopyranosyl lipid A granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio Syn: Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant Syn: granulocyte-lymphocyte BT: toll-like receptor 4 agonist BT: inflammatory marker FR: glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant RT: · granulocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VPGRBK3P-3 · lymphocyte FR: ratio granulocyte/lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SFMM97KR-3 Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant → glucopyranosyl lipid A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- positive goggles BT: cytokine BT: personal protective equipment RT: · macrophage FR: lunettes de protection · natural killer cell URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HTD43Z36-H · T lymphocyte Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also gorilla adenovirus known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric BT: simian adenovirus glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer RT: GRad-COV2 cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. (Wikipedia) FR: adénovirus du gorille URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KDW5NJML-H FR: facteur stimulant les colonies de granulocytes et de macrophages URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H9RNVQVX-B GPS EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte-macrophage_colony- → global positioning system stimulating_factor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Facteur_stimulant_les_colonies_de_granulocytes_et_de_macrophages GRad-COV2 BT: adenovirus vaccine vector GR clade RT: · gorilla adenovirus BT: G clade · non-replicant viral vector FR: clade GR · ReiThera URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XSFCJF6B-M FR: GRad-COV2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CM7WHBGC-M greater horseshoe bat → Rhinolophus ferrumequinum granulocyte Syn: polymorphonuclear leukocyte BT: innate immune cell ground-glass opacities NT: · basophil Syn: · "ground-glass" radiological changes · eosinophil · ground-glass opacity · mast cell · ground-glass opaque structures · neutrophil BT: chest computerized tomography RT: granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio FR: image en verre dépoli URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W04ZRHDM-V Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, ground-glass opacity PML, or PMNL) because of the varying shapes of the nucleus, which is usually lobed into three segments. This distinguishes them from the → ground-glass opacities mononuclear agranulocytes. (Wikipedia) FR: granulocyte ground-glass opaque structures URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BL4C3WDJ-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte → ground-glass opacities https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte group 2 coronavirus granulocyte-lymphocyte → betacoronavirus → granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 69 GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Guangdong Province GV clade BT: Chinese province BT: G clade NT: · Foshan FR: clade GV · Guangzhou URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HP20CD1V-H FR: province de Guangdong URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W89H61JN-L GX-19 BT: DNA vaccine Guangzhou RT: Genexine Inc BT: Guangdong Province FR: GX-19 FR: Guangzhou URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V6KN1JXF-0 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PG2Q2FB0-1 guidelines on hand hygiene in health care BT: hand hygiene FR: directives sur l'hygiène des mains dans les soins de santé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N9SCBVDF-8

Guillain-Barré syndrome Syn: · Guillaine Barre syndrome · Guillaine-Barre syndrome · Landry Guillain-Barré syndrome · Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome BT: · chronic disease · inflammatory disease Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. The initial symptoms are typically changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands, often spreading to the arms and upper body, with both sides being involved. (Wikipedia) FR: polyradiculonévrite de Guillain-Barré URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZWPMNPBP-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain%E2%80%93Barr %C3%A9_syndrome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_de_Guillain-Barr %C3%A9

Guillaine-Barre syndrome → Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillaine Barre syndrome → Guillain-Barré syndrome gut-associated lymphoid tissue Syn: GALT BT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a component of the mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which works in the immune system to protect the body from invasion in the gut. (Wikipedia) FR: formation lymphoïde digestive URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NKSCZ48H-5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissu_lympho%C3%AFde_associ %C3%A9_au_tube_digestif

70 | Covid-19 Thesaurus HCOV-229E

hand washing Syn: · hand-washing H · handwashing BT: hand hygiene FR: lavage des mains haemagglutinin-esterase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J4B2C80P-3 → HE protein handwashing haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis → hand washing Syn: · haemophagocytic syndrome · macrophage activation syndrome haptoglobin BT: systemic inflammatory response syndrome BT: inflammatory protein Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is the protein that in humans is haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (British spelling), and encoded by the HP gene. In blood plasma, haptoglobin binds to free hemophagocytic or haemophagocytic syndrome, is an uncommon hemoglobin, compared to hemopexin that binds to free heme, released hematologic disorder seen more often in children than in adults. It from erythrocytes with high affinity, and thereby inhibits its deleterious is a life-threatening disease of severe hyperinflammation caused by oxidative activity. (Wikipedia) uncontrolled proliferation of activated lymphocytes and macrophages, characterised by proliferation of morphologically benign lymphocytes FR: haptoglobine and macrophages that secrete high amounts of inflammatory cytokines URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GB9NTPF9-H (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptoglobin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptoglobine FR: lymphohistiocytose hémophagocytaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W2NJR08M-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ HCoV Hemophagocytic_lymphohistiocytosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphohistiocytose_h → human coronavirus %C3%A9mophagocytaire

HCoV-19 haemophagocytic syndrome → SARS-CoV-2 → haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis HCoV-229E hand-mediated transmission Syn: · HCoV 229E BT: indirect transmission · human CoV 229E FR: transmission manu-portée · human coronavirus 229E URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CWR4GQ8N-X · human coronavirus-229E strain BT: · alphacoronavirus hand-washing · human coronavirus · seasonal coronavirus → hand washing · zoonotic coronavirus RT: aminopeptidase N hand hygiene Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus BT: barrier measure which infects humans and bats. It is an enveloped, positive-sense, NT: · alcohol gel single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. (Wikipedia) · glove · guidelines on hand hygiene in health care FR: HCoV-229E · hand washing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GNF9G240-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humain_229E of cleaning one's hands with soap (or equivalent materials) and water to remove viruses/ bacteria/germs/ microorganisms, dirt, grease, or other harmful and unwanted substances stuck to the hands. (Wikipedia) HCoV-Emc FR: hygiène des mains → MERS-CoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P089X6R1-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_washing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygi%C3%A8ne_des_mains HCoV-Emc/2012 → MERS-CoV hand sanitizer → alcohol gel

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 71 HCOV-HKU1

HCoV-HKU1 HCoV 2c England-Qatar Syn: · HCoV HKU1 → MERS-CoV · human CoV HKU1 · human coronavirus HKU1 HCoV 2c Jordan N3 BT: · betacoronavirus lineage A · human coronavirus → MERS-CoV · seasonal coronavirus · zoonotic coronavirus HCoV HKU1 RT: · 2005 · Hong Kong → HCoV-HKU1 · N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus HCoV NL63 in humans. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of → HCoV-NL63 the common cold, but can advance to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. (Wikipedia) HCoV OC43 FR: HCoV-HKU1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V6J3XLQK-6 → HCoV-OC43 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humain_HKU1 HCoVs HCoV-NL63 → human coronavirus Syn: · HCoV NL63 · human CoV NL63 healing · human coronavirus NL63 BT: progression BT: · alphacoronavirus · human coronavirus Healing is the process of the restoration of health from an unbalanced, · seasonal coronavirus diseased, damaged or unvitalized organism. (Wikipedia) · zoonotic coronavirus FR: guérison RT: · 2004 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z99DMX7S-V · Netherlands EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rison Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a species of coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the Alphacoronavirus genus. It was identified in late 2004 in a seven-month-old child with bronchiolitis health-care center in the Netherlands. The virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single- → healthcare center stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to ACE2. (Wikipedia) health-care system FR: HCoV-NL63 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LPSL68K3-5 → healthcare system EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humain_NL63 health-care worker HCoV-OC43 → healthcare worker Syn: · HCoV OC43 · human CoV OC43 healthcare center · human coronavirus OC43 Syn: · health-care center BT: · betacoronavirus lineage A · hospital · human coronavirus BT: confined indoor space · seasonal coronavirus FR: centre de soins · zoonotic coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GWZNS22Q-K RT: N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid

Human coronavirus OC43 (Wikipedia) health care professional FR: HCoV-OC43 → healthcare worker URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KD6R37H3-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_humain_OC43 healthcare professional → healthcare worker HCoV 229E → HCoV-229E

72 | Covid-19 Thesaurus HEART DISEASE

healthcare system health information system Syn: · health care system BT: health system · health-care system FR: système d'information sanitaire BT: health system URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R7J90C99-Q NT: healthcare worker FR: système de soin Health ministers of Russia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z68T986V-X → Health Ministry of the Russian Federation health care system → healthcare system Health Ministry of the Russian Federation Syn: · Health ministers of Russia · Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation healthcare worker BT: Russian ministry Syn: · health care professional RT: · Gam-COVID-Vac · health care worker · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo · health-care worker The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Russian: · healthcare professional Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, in short BT: healthcare system Russian: Минздрав России, romanized: Minzdrav Rossii) is an agency RT: personal protective equipment of the government of Russia, headquartered in Moscow. (Wikipédia) FR: personnel soignant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R951S3G9-8 FR: Ministère de la Santé de la Fédération de Russie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LPX4QWC8-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Russia) health care worker → healthcare worker health system BT: public health health crisis NT: · health information system · healthcare system BT: epidemiology · pharmacovigilance NT: state of health emergency · telemedicine A health crisis or public health crisis is a difficult situation or complex A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or health system that affects humans in one or more geographic areas as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and (mainly occurred in natural hazards), from a particular locality to resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of encompass the entire planet. (Wikipedia) target populations. (Wikipedia) FR: crise sanitaire FR: système de santé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D6VLC1ZG-B URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HH5VN2R3-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_crisis EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crise_sanitaire https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_sant%C3%A9 health indicator heart BT: epidemiology BT: organ NT: · age-adjusted rate FR: coeur · benefit-risk balance URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LTRP8ZN8-9 · case number · case-fatality rate · gender ratio heart disease · in-hospital mortality Syn: cardiac disease · incidence BT: cardiovascular disease · infection case NT: · coronary heart disease · infection fatality rate · myocarditis · median age FR: cardiopathie · morbidity rate URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q2DF2XBP-N · mortality rate · prevalence · relative risk · seroprevalence · socioeconomic status FR: indicateur URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X790CD0G-8 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicateur

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 73 HEART FAILURE

heart failure Henan Province Syn: · cardiac failure BT: Chinese province · congestive cardiac failure Henan (##; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in · congestive heart failure the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan BT: systemic manifestation or Zhongzhou (##), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) and although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is when the heart is unable to pump (Wikipédia) sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. (Wikipedia) FR: province de Henan FR: insuffisance cardiaque URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VPMS57NW-G EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BWPK5P4T-4 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_cardiaque_chez_l %27humain Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention heavy chain BT: Chinese Center for Disease Control and BT: immunoglobulin protein chain Prevention NT: · alpha chain RT: Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia · delta chain (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) · epsilon chain FR: Centre de contrôle et de prévention des maladies · gamma chain de la province de Henan · mu chain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F66L11VL-2 FR: chaîne lourde URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KFR08B1V-7 HE protein Syn: · haemagglutinin-esterase hemadsorption virus 1 · hemagglutinin-esterase → human parainfluenza virus type 3 BT: structural protein Hemagglutinin esterase (HEs) is a glycoprotein that certain enveloped hemadsorption virus 2 viruses possess and use as invading mechanism. HEs helps in the attachment and destruction of certain sialic acid receptors that are found → human parainfluenza virus type 1 on the host cell surface. (Wikipedia) FR: protéine HE hemagglutinin-esterase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C3H5X20F-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin_esterase → HE protein

herd effect hematological marker → herd immunity Syn: blood marker BT: marker of disease progression NT: · calprotectin herd immunity · eosinopenia Syn: · community immunity · hyperferritinemia · herd effect · hyperleukocytosis · population immunity · hypokalemia · social immunity · lymphopaenia BT: immunity · monocyte–lymphocyte ratio · neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population · prothrombin time immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient percentage of a · thrombocytopenia population has become immune to an infection, whether through · viremia vaccination or previous infections, thereby reducing the likelihood of FR: marqueur sanguin infection for individuals who lack immunity. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FX9HZRK7-G FR: immunité de groupe URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RR0LR87P-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_immunity https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunit%C3%A9_gr%C3%A9gaire

heterologous recombination BT: recombination FR: recombinaison hétérologue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WFN9WHGN-2

74 | Covid-19 Thesaurus HOST CELL PROTEASE

heterophil homologous RNA recombination → neutrophil BT: homologous recombination FR: recombinaison d'ARN homologue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PBVXZSWG-C high-risk contact BT: contact Hong-Kong FR: contact à risque élevé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MG3H1WL5-Z → Hong Kong high risk patient Hong Kong Syn: · individual at highest risk Syn: Hong-Kong · patient most at risk BT: China BT: complication RT: HCoV-HKU1 NT: risk factor FR: Hong Kong FR: patient à haut risque URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q9M7T9CB-C URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q7ZVHV7H-W horseshoe bat high viral load patient BT: Chiroptera BT: transmission mode NT: · Rhinolophus affinis FR: personne à haute charge virale · Rhinolophus ferrumequinum URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LWCKWXQD-6 · Rhinolophus sinicus FR: chauve-souris fer à cheval URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P72QTZS0-V histological diagnosis Syn: histological examination BT: diagnosis hospital NT: · cellular fibromyxoid exudate → healthcare center · diffuse alveolar damage FR: diagnostic histologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LTW22B3S-N hospitalization BT: management of symptomatic patient RT: risk factor histological examination FR: hospitalisation → histological diagnosis URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P6QS1TF6-9 hog-badger host-pathogen interaction → Arctonyx collaris → virus-host interaction home surveillance host cell BT: management of symptomatic patient Syn: target cell RT: · first phase of the disease BT: viral tropism · isolation NT: · cell type FR: surveillance à domicile · cellular receptor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CJ2CZXPV-C · host cell protein FR: cellule hôte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VS3M9QR7-F homologous recombination BT: recombination NT: homologous RNA recombination host cell protease Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which BT: host cell protein nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical NT: · carboxypeptidase molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually · cathepsin B DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses). · cathepsin L (Wikipedia) · furin FR: recombinaison homologue · kinase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZP6QL3XR-5 · type II transmembrane serine protease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination FR: protéase de la cellule hôte https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinaison_homologue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CXKDW9KN-4

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 75 HOST CELL PROTEIN

host cell protein Hubei Province BT: · host cell Syn: Province of Hubei · protein marker BT: Chinese province NT: · basigin NT: Wuhan city · clathrin Hubei (##; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's · host cell protease Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name · IFITM protein of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north · major histocompatibility complex class I of Dongting Lake. The provincial capital, Wuhan, serves as a major · prohibitin 1 transportation hub and the political, cultural, and economic hub of · prohibitin 2 central China. (Wikipedia) · sialic acid FR: province du Hubei · STAT protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G2CCNFCR-S FR: protéine de la cellule hôte EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubei URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F8BKVL1W-L https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubei host defense peptide human-to-human transmission → antimicrobial peptides → human to human transmission host receptor human-to-human virus transmission → cellular receptor → human to human transmission host translation inhibitor nsp1 human adenovirus → non-structural protein 1 BT: adenovirus NT: · type 26 adenovirus · type 5 adenovirus household FR: adénovirus humain Syn: family environment URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F25Q4V44-V BT: confined indoor space FR: milieu familial human betacoronavirus 2c Erasmus medical center/2012 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LB644S54-3 → MERS-CoV household transmission → intrafamilial transmission human coronavirus Syn: · HCoV · HCoVs Huanan market · human CoV → Huanan seafood wholesale market · human CoVs BT: Coronavirinae NT: · HCoV-229E Huanan seafood · HCoV-HKU1 → Huanan seafood wholesale market · HCoV-NL63 · HCoV-OC43 · MERS-CoV Huanan seafood wholesale market · SARS-CoV Syn: · Huanan South China seafood market in Wuhan · SARS-CoV-2 · Huanan market FR: coronavirus humain · Huanan seafood URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZVVWCTM6-R · animal market in Wuhan city · market in Wuhan city human coronavirus-229E strain · seafood and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan → HCoV-229E BT: Wuhan city FR: marché de gros de fruits de mer de Huanan human coronavirus 229E URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M6JF0102-3 → HCoV-229E Huanan South China seafood market in Wuhan → Huanan seafood wholesale market human coronavirus HKU1 → HCoV-HKU1

76 | Covid-19 Thesaurus HYDRO-SODIUM HOMEOSTASIS

human coronavirus NL63 human parainfluenza virus type 3 → HCoV-NL63 Syn: · hemadsorption virus 1 · human parainfluenza virus 3 BT: respirovirus human coronavirus OC43 FR: virus parainfluenza humain de type 3 → HCoV-OC43 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RFHT4W6D-4 human coronavirus – Erasmus medical center human to human transmission → MERS-CoV Syn: · cross infection · cross#infection · human-to-human transmission human CoV · human-to-human virus transmission → human coronavirus · person-to-person spread · person-to-person transmission human CoV 229E · transmissible from human to human · transmission from human-to-human → HCoV-229E · transmitted from person to person BT: transmission human CoV HKU1 NT: · asymptomatic transmission · cluster → HCoV-HKU1 · direct transmission · indirect transmission human CoV NL63 · intrafamilial transmission · nosocomial transmission → HCoV-NL63 · occupational transmission · presymptomatic transmission human CoV OC43 · prevention → HCoV-OC43 · transmission mode FR: transmission homme-homme URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MK29BD4P-R human CoVs

→ human coronavirus human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells → umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells human flu Syn: human influenza humoral immunity BT: Orthomyxoviridae infection BT: adaptative immunity FR: grippe humaine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FK34SDXT-0 Humoral immunity or humoural immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain human influenza antimicrobial peptides. Humoral immunity is so named because it → human flu involves substances found in the humors, or body fluids. It contrasts with cell-mediated immunity. Its aspects involving antibodies are often called antibody-mediated immunity. (Wikipedia) human parainfluenza virus 1 FR: immunité humorale → human parainfluenza virus type 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LWXXDTWX-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunit%C3%A9_humorale human parainfluenza virus 3 → human parainfluenza virus type 3 hydro-sodium homeostasis BT: virus-host interaction human parainfluenza virus type 1 NT: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system Syn: · hemadsorption virus 2 FR: homéostasie hydrosodée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P4QJ87PN-8 · human parainfluenza virus 1 BT: respirovirus FR: virus parainfluenza humain de type 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BSJV3X7F-6

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 77 HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

hydroxychloroquine hyperinflammation Syn: Plaquenil® BT: systemic manifestation BT: · aminoquinoline NT: systemic inflammatory response syndrome · immunomodulator FR: hyperinflammation RT: · Discovery URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G6PZXHP0-D · PREP COVID · Recovery hyperleukocytosis · Solidarity · viral entry BT: hematological marker Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell (leukocyte count) others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where is above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently a sign of an malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment inflammatory response, most commonly the result of infection, but may of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. (Wikipedia) also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia. (Wikipedia) FR: hydroxychloroquine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L50QSN4F-8 FR: hyperleucocytose EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G90N5DGV-5 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocytosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucocytose hyperbaric oxygenation hypertension → hyperbaric oxygen therapy BT: · chronic disease · vascular disease hyperbaric oxygen therapy Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is Syn: hyperbaric oxygenation a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries BT: oxygen therapy is persistently elevated. (Wikipedia) FR: oxygénothérapie hyperbare FR: hypertension artérielle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M7NMNBC7-D URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D52HGBG8-N EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_hyperbare EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension_art%C3%A9rielle hypercoagulability Syn: hypercoagulable state hypokalemia BT: systemic manifestation BT: hematological marker NT: · intravascular coagulopathy Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum. · thrombotic microangiopathy Mild low potassium does not typically cause symptoms. Symptoms FR: hypercoagulabilité may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. Low URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RBHPSDXV-L potassium also increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow and can cause cardiac arrest. (Wikipedia) hypercoagulable state FR: hypokaliémie → hypercoagulability URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HM4CML9V-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokali%C3%A9mie hypercytokinemia BT: inflammatory marker RT: · cytokine · cytokine storm syndrome FR: hypercytokinémie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GGLTGNFL-P hyperferritinemia BT: hematological marker RT: ferritin If ferritin is high, there is iron in excess or else there is an acute inflammatory reaction in which ferritin is mobilized without iron excess. For example, ferritins may be high in infection without signaling body iron overload. Ferritin has been shown to be elevated in some cases of Covid-19 and may correlate with worse clinical outcome. (Wikipedia) FR: hyperferritinémie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KGR09PS5-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin#Excess https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ferritine#Augmentation_=_hyperferritin%C3%A9mie

78 | Covid-19 Thesaurus IMAGING

IgE I → immunoglobulin E IgG

ICU → immunoglobulin G → intensive care unit IgM IFITM3 protein → immunoglobulin M Syn: · interferon (IFN)-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 Ig subunit · interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 → immunoglobulin protein chain · interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 · interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 IL-1 BT: IFITM protein → interleukin 1 Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFITM3 gene. It plays a critical role in the IL-10 immune system's defense against Swine Flu, where heightened levels of IFITM3 keep viral levels low, and the removal of IFITM3 allows the → interleukin 10 virus to multiply unchecked. (Wikipedia)

FR: protéine IFITM3 IL-17 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XRW4HHX7-L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFITM3 → interleukin 17

IFITM protein IL-18 Syn: · interferon (IFN)-inducible transmembrane → interleukin 18 (IFITM) protein · interferon-induced transmembrane protein IL-1 blockade · interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein → interleukin 1 inhibitor · interferon-inducible transmembrane protein BT: · host cell protein IL-1 inhibitor · innate immunity → NT: IFITM3 protein interleukin 1 inhibitor FR: protéine IFITM URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HQ9RMNC3-G IL-2 → interleukin 2 IFN-α

→ interferon alpha IL-4 → interleukin 4 IFN-β

→ interferon beta IL-6 → interleukin 6 IFN-ɣ

→ interferon gamma IL-7 → interleukin 7 IFN-ω

→ interferon omega IL-8 → interleukin 8 IgA → immunoglobulin A imaging BT: diagnosis IgD NT: chest imaging → immunoglobulin D FR: imagerie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RTFM1XGH-9

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 79 IMBALANCE OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system immunity Syn: · renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) Syn: · immune fonction derangement · immune system · renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system BT: immune response derangement NT: · adaptative immunity BT: systemic manifestation · cross immunity FR: déséquilibre du système rénine-angiotensine- · herd immunity aldostérone · immunologic deficiency URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJ7TLCPL-K · immunologic repertoire · immunomodulation Imject™ Alum · immunophenotype · individual immunity → aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide-based · innate immunity adjuvant · mucosal immunity · protective immunity immune cell · trained immunity BT: immune response Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful NT: · adaptative immune cell microorganisms. Immunity involves both specific and nonspecific · innate immune cell components. The nonspecific components act as barriers or eliminators of a wide range of pathogens irrespective of their antigenic make-up. FR: cellule immunitaire Other components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KX4KNL0N-C EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_immunitaire disease encountered and can generate pathogen-specific immunity. (Wikipedia) FR: immunité immune fonction URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JVR20L88-F → immunity EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunit%C3%A9_(m %C3%A9decine) immune modulation → immunomodulation immunization policy Syn: vaccination policy immune response BT: vaccination BT: immuno-inflammatory cascade Vaccination policy is the health policy a government adopts in relation NT: · antibody to vaccination. Vaccination policies have been developed over the · antigen approximately two centuries since the invention of vaccination with the purpose of eradicating disease from, or creating a herd immunity for, the · immune cell population the government aims to protect. (Wikipédia) · immune response protein · immunity FR: politique vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FFKS0KX7-0 An immune response is a reaction which occurs within an organism for EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy the purpose of defending against foreign invaders. (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_vaccinale FR: réponse immunitaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LPWNX2L8-R immunization recommendation EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_immunitaire Syn: vaccination recommendation BT: vaccination FR: recommandation vaccinale immune response protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BXH41WG1-B BT: immune response NT: · antimicrobial peptides · immunoglobulin immunization schedule · inflammasome Syn: vaccination schedule FR: protéine de la réponse immunitaire BT: vaccination URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q38S8XNT-6 FR: calendrier vaccinal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C452W4X7-3 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination#Aspects_scientifiques immune system → immunity

80 | Covid-19 Thesaurus IMMUNOGLOBULIN M

immunization stress-related response immunoglobulin D BT: vaccination Syn: IgD The term “immunization stress-related responses (ISRR)” covers an BT: isotype entire spectrum of manifestations to a stress response in the context RT: B lymphocyte of immunization. Individual responses to stress vary from person to Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% person or in groups and may change according to time or context either of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where as solitary events or as clusters. World Health Organization (2019). it is usually co-expressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM. "Immunization stress related responses." IgD is also produced in a secreted form that is found in very small FR: réponse liée au stress vaccinal amounts in blood serum, representing 0.25% of immunoglobulins in URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T8F9T665-Z serum. (Wikipedia) FR: immunoglobuline D URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M14L1W8L-Q immuno-globulin EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_D → immunoglobulin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_D immuno-inflammatory cascade immunoglobulin E NT: · immune response Syn: IgE · inflammation BT: isotype FR: cascade immuno inflammatoire Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QPJJ32N4-H "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing 4 Ig-like constant domains immunoglobulin (Cε1-Cε4). (Wikipedia) Syn: immuno-globulin FR: immunoglobuline E BT: immune response protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CSSR5WR5-C NT: · antibody EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E · immunoglobulin protein chain https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_E · membrane immunoglobulin The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily immunoglobulin G of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, Syn: IgG binding, or adhesion processes of cells. (Wikipedia) BT: isotype FR: immunoglobuline Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DLW5W4MB-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfamille_des_immunoglobulines common type of antibody found in blood circulation. (Wikipedia) FR: immunoglobuline G URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J22GCRNH-T immunoglobulin A EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G Syn: IgA https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_G BT: isotype NT: secretory IgA immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin A (IgA, also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is Syn: IgM an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous BT: isotype membranes. The amount of IgA produced in association with mucosal RT: B lymphocyte membranes is greater than all other types of antibody combined. (Wikipedia) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the FR: immunoglobuline A largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZRZZ2FVS-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A initial exposure to an antigen. (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_A FR: immunoglobuline M URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HVZNWZVF-M EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M immunoglobulin chains https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_M → immunoglobulin protein chain immunoglobulin polypeptide chains → immunoglobulin protein chain

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 81 IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROTEIN CHAIN

immunoglobulin protein chain immunomodulating drug Syn: · Ig subunit → immunomodulator · immunoglobulin chains · immunoglobulin polypeptide chains · polypeptide chains immunomodulation BT: immunoglobulin Syn: immune modulation NT: · heavy chain BT: immunity · light chain FR: immunomodulation FR: chaîne protéique des immunoglobulines URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KK868G3H-4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M2JM5QMV-H immunomodulator immunologic accessory cell Syn: · immunomodulating drug → antigen-presenting cell · immunomodulatory therapy BT: drug class NT: · chloroquine immunological deficiency · corticosteroid → immunologic deficiency · dexamethasone · hydroxychloroquine · interferon beta immunological memories · monoclonal antibody → immunological memory FR: immunomodulateur URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DZDN4T11-C EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjuvant_immunologique immunological memory Syn: · immunologic memories immunomodulatory therapy · immunologic memory · immunological memories → immunomodulator BT: adaptative immunity function NT: memory B cell immunophenotype FR: mémoire immunologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XB3CFR3W-1 BT: immunity FR: phénotype immunitaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-STL17DJG-F immunologic deficiency Syn: · immunologic deficiency syndrome immunosenescence · immunological deficiency BT: · immunity BT: immunologic deficiency · risk factor Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune NT: · immunosenescence system brought on by natural age advancement. The adaptive immune · immunosuppression system is affected more than the innate immune system. (Wikipedia) FR: déficit immunitaire FR: immunosénescence URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KM9D2FHH-R URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WJG1218J-5 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9ficit_immunitaire EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunos%C3%A9nescence immunologic deficiency syndrome → immunologic deficiency immunosuppression BT: immunologic deficiency immunologic memories Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. (Wikipedia) → immunological memory FR: immunosuppression URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RTJZKGJ1-J immunologic memory EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppression https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppression → immunological memory immunologic repertoire BT: immunity FR: répertoire immunitaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PK2TR5DM-2

82 | Covid-19 Thesaurus INACTIVATED VIRUS

immunotherapy Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Syn: biological therapy BT: inactivated vaccine BT: candidate treatment RT: · Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences NT: anti-CoV antibody · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by FR: vaccin inactivé SARS-CoV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZSWZ0HWQ-9 activating or suppressing the immune system. (Wikipedia) FR: immunothérapie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HF5XK3LM-9 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunotherapy BT: inactivated virus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoth%C3%A9rapie RT: · BBIBP-CorV · CoronaVac immunothrombosis · Covaxin Syn: thromboinflammation · Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia BT: systemic manifestation (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) NT: thrombotic microangiopathy · Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine FR: immunothrombose · inactivated vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JH97W0B8-B · QazCovid-in FR: virus SARS-CoV-2 inactivé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C3KV4VWN-7 impairment in multi-organ function → multiple organ failure inactivated vaccine Syn: · killed vaccine Imperial College London · sluggish vaccine BT: UK university BT: vaccine candidate RT: COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) NT: · BBIBP-CorV · CoronaVac Imperial College London (legally Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine) is a public research university in London. · Covaxin Imperial grew out of Prince Albert's vision of an area for culture, · Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia including the Royal Albert Hall, Imperial Institute, numerous museums, (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) and the Royal Colleges that would go on to form the college. (Wikipédia) · Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine · QazCovid-in FR: Imperial College London URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N9TZZ1LK-D RT: inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting of virus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then lose disease producing capacity. In contrast, live vaccines use pathogens that are still alive (but are almost always attenuated, imported case that is, weakened). Pathogens for inactivated vaccines are grown under BT: infection case controlled conditions and are killed as a means to reduce infectivity FR: cas importé (virulence) and thus prevent infection from the vaccine. The virus is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RBGNSF5H-8 killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde. (Wikipédia) FR: vaccin inerte in-hospital mortality URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WZZNXPM8-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine BT: health indicator https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccin#inactiv%C3%A9 FR: mortalité hospitalière URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X2H8CQ4X-8 inactivated virus BT: technology platform Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia NT: inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting of virus BT: inactivated vaccine particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture RT: · China National Pharmaceutical Group and then lose disease producing capacity. (Wikipedia) · Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention FR: virus inactivé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FPWBJ7N7-G · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine · Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_inactiv%C3%A9 and Prevention FR: Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J522S6PC-C

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 83 INCIDENCE

incidence Indian pharmaceutical factory BT: health indicator → Indian pharmaceutical laboratory Incidence in epidemiology is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period Indian pharmaceutical firm of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a → Indian pharmaceutical laboratory proportion or a rate with a denominator. (Wikipedia) FR: incidence Indian pharmaceutical lab URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZH89DPH1-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence → Indian pharmaceutical laboratory https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence Indian pharmaceutical laboratory incubation period Syn: · Indian pharmaceutical company BT: contagiousness · Indian pharmaceutical factory · Indian pharmaceutical firm Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation, and when symptoms and signs · Indian pharmaceutical lab are first apparent. In a typical infectious disease, the incubation period · Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer signifies the period taken by the multiplying organism to reach a BT: Indian organization threshold necessary to produce symptoms in the host. (Wikipedia) NT: · Bharat Biotech FR: période d'incubation · Cadila Healthcare URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q1T6NRGF-R FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique indien EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_period URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T5K9P3Z1-6 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_d%27incubation

Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer index case → Indian pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: patient zero BT: infection case Indian research organization The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient BT: Indian organization included in an epidemiological study. (Wikipedia) NT: Indian Council of Medical Research FR: organisme de recherche indien FR: cas index URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TSGVZGFW-5 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DPBTQL53-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_case https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_z%C3%A9ro indication BT: test India NT: · pauci-symptomatic patient Syn: Republic of India · symptomatic patient BT: country of the Asian continent FR: indication RT: Bharat Biotech URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JB7QV5GG-5 FR: Inde URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NBLJQ7X4-X indirect effect of the vaccine → indirect vaccine effectiveness Indian Council of Medical Research BT: Indian research organization indirect impact of the vaccine RT: Covaxin → FR: Indian Council of Medical Research indirect vaccine effectiveness URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZMGZQ7J3-3 indirect transmission Indian organization BT: human to human transmission BT: organization NT: · airborne transmission NT: · Indian pharmaceutical laboratory · hand-mediated transmission · Indian research organization FR: transmission indirecte FR: organisme indien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BJBRDCRX-H URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R4NQRTBN-G

Indian pharmaceutical company → Indian pharmaceutical laboratory

84 | Covid-19 Thesaurus INFLAMMASOME

indirect vaccine effectiveness infection case Syn: · efficacité indirecte du vaccin BT: health indicator · indirect effect of the vaccine NT: · confirmed case · indirect impact of the vaccine · critical case BT: vaccine protective effect · imported case Indirect vaccine effectiveness can be estimated from the difference in · index case the degree of protection that unvaccinated individuals receive in the · local case presence versus the absence of a vaccine program. Shim, E. and · primary case Galvani A.P. (2012). "Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness." · probable case Vaccine 30(47): 6700-6705. · secondary case FR: efficacité vaccinale indirecte · suspicious case URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MHRS9232-8 FR: cas d'infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NNQS4LFM-R individual at highest risk infection course → high risk patient → progression individual immunity infection cycle BT: immunity FR: immunité individuelle → viral life cycle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KVD94F4P-H infection fatality rate infant mortality rate BT: health indicator BT: mortality rate FR: taux de létalité réel URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H47QF313-6 Infant mortality is the death of babies under the age of 1. This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. (Wikipedia) infectious disease FR: taux de mortalité infantile Syn: communicable disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LGQW9SMX-J NT: viral disease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortalit%C3%A9_infantile An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including : infected case Viruses and related agents such as viroids ; Bacteria ; Fungi. (Wikipedia) → confirmed case FR: maladie infectieuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R3KVFZWC-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection infected patient https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_infectieuse → confirmed case infectiousness infection-associated enhanced disease BT: viral life cycle Syn: antibody-dependent enhancement FR: infectiosité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C857FW9D-6 BT: lung disease Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), sometimes less precisely called immune enhancement or disease enhancement, is a infectivity phenomenon in which binding of a virus to suboptimal antibodies → pathogenicity enhances its entry into host cells, followed by its replication. Antiviral antibodies promote viral infection of target immune cells by exploiting the phagocytic FcγR or complement pathway. After interaction with inflammasome the virus the antibody binds Fc receptors (FcR) expressed on certain BT: immune response protein immune cells or some of the complement proteins. (Wikipédia) Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein oligomers of the innate FR: maladie aggravée associée à l'infection immune system responsible for the activation of inflammatory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GGJVKFJT-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_enhancement responses. (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitation_de_l FR: inflammasome %27infection_par_des_anticorps URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SGKJDF4J-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammasome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammasome

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 85 INFLAMMATION

inflammation influenza A virus BT: immuno-inflammatory cascade Syn: · influenza A NT: inflammatory protein · influenza A viruses Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological · influenza type A response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, · influenzavirus A damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving · orthomyxovirus type A immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. (Wikipedia) BT: influenza virus FR: inflammation nfluenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V19FCZRN-W the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation Orthomyxoviridae. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. (Wikipedia) FR: virus influenza A inflammatory apoptoses URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L3BCWMPZ-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus → pyroptosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_la_grippe_A inflammatory apoptosis influenza A viruses → pyroptosis → influenza A virus inflammatory disease influenza B BT: comorbidity → influenza B virus NT: · Guillain-Barré syndrome · multiple sclerosis FR: maladie inflammatoire influenza B virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TJBZW46R-L Syn: · influenza B · influenza type B · influenzavirus B inflammatory marker · orthomyxovirus type B BT: marker of disease progression BT: influenza virus NT: · C reactive protein · erythrocyte sedimentation rate Orthomyxoviridae (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for "straight"; μύξα, mýxa, · granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio Greek for "mucus") is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses. It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus, Betainfluenzavirus, · hypercytokinemia Deltainfluenzavirus, Gammainfluenzavirus, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and · serum amyloid A Quaranjavirus. (Wikipedia) · serum amyloid P FR: marqueur inflammatoire FR: virus influenza B URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LC0HCRDF-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G9SDM653-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_B_virus inflammatory protein influenza type A BT: inflammation → influenza A virus NT: · adipokine · C reactive protein · cytokine influenza type B · haptoglobin → influenza B virus · serum amyloid A · serum amyloid P Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological influenza virus response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, Syn: · Myxovirus influenzae damaged cells, or irritants,[1] and is a protective response involving · influenzavirus immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function BT: Orthomyxoviridae of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out NT: · influenza A virus necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the · influenza B virus inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. https://en.wikipedia.org/ FR: virus influenza wiki/Inflammation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KNMTJTDD-S FR: protéine de l'inflammation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C4HS3CKK-J influenzavirus → influenza virus influenza A → influenza A virus

86 | Covid-19 Thesaurus

influenzavirus A innate immunity → influenza A virus Syn: · innate immune response · innate immune system · innate response influenzavirus B BT: immunity → influenza B virus NT: · antimicrobial peptides · chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 · IFITM protein INHASCO · innate immune cell BT: French trial · innate immunity function FR: INHASCO · interferon type I URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DRSG5RJ5-P · interferon type III · interleukin 1 inhibitor of TMPRSS2 · interleukin 18 → serine protease inhibitor · interleukin 6 The innate immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the adaptive immune system). innate immune cell (Wikipedia) BT: · immune cell FR: immunité innée · innate immunity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RFK8PNPK-B NT: · granulocyte EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system · monocyte https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_immunitaire_inn %C3%A9 · natural killer cell · phagocyte · sentinel cell innate immunity function · γδT cell BT: innate immunity FR: cellule immunitaire innée NT: · degranulation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SJ0QRSLG-C · phagocytosis FR: fonction de l'immunité innée innate immune memory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BQGV2SX8-G → trained immunity innate response innate immune response → innate immunity → innate immunity INO-4800 innate immune system BT: DNA vaccine RT: Inovio Pharmaceuticals → innate immunity INO-4800 induces activation of T cells by delivering DNA plasmids that express the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Dae-Gyun, A., et al. (2020). "Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 30(3): 313-324. FR: INO-4800 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XTR9S925-P

Inovio Pharmaceuticals BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: INO-4800 Inovio Pharmaceuticals is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of synthetic DNA products for treating cancers and infectious diseases. (Wikipédia) FR: Inovio Pharmaceuticals URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G8JS200J-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_Pharmaceuticals

INR → prothrombin time

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 87 INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTÉ ET DE LA RECHERCHE MÉDICALE

Inserm interesting drug → Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale → candidate drug

Institut national de la santé et de la recherche interferon-beta médicale → interferon beta Syn: Inserm BT: French institute interferon-induced transmembrane protein NT: REACTing consortium → IFITM protein The Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, French pronunciation: [insɛʁm]) is the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. (Wikipedia) interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 FR: Institut national de la santé et de la recherche → IFITM3 protein médicale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T11LDWW1-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inserm interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_sant %C3%A9_et_de_la_recherche_m%C3%A9dicale → IFITM protein

interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 Instituto Finlay de Vacunas Syn: Finlay Institute → IFITM3 protein BT: Cuban institute RT: FINLAY-FR-1 interferon-inducible transmembrane protein FR: Instituto Finlay de Vacunas URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W16K1QHV-T → IFITM protein insulin resistance syndrome x interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 → metabolic syndrome → IFITM3 protein intensive care interferon alpha → intensive care unit Syn: IFN-α BT: interferon type I The IFN-α proteins are produced mainly by plasmacytoid dendritic intensive care unit cells (pDCs). They are mainly involved in innate immunity against viral Syn: · ICU infection. (Wikipedia) · critical care unit FR: interféron alpha · intensive care URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R56CWDXW-S · intensive therapy unit EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I#IFN-%CE%B1 · intensive treatment unit https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%A9ron_de_type_I#IFN- BT: management of symptomatic patient %CE%B1 NT: · nursing care management · support treatment interferon beta RT: · critically ill Syn: · IFN-β · lung disease · interferon-beta An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit BT: · antiviral or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special · immunomodulator department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive · interferon type I care medicine. (Wikipedia) RT: Solidarity FR: unité de soins intensifs The IFN-β proteins are produced in large quantities by fibroblasts. They URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJZ5DKHT-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_care_unit have antiviral activity that is involved mainly in innate immune response. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_soins_intensifs (Wikipedia) FR: interféron bêta URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G26L6KX3-B intensive therapy unit EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I#IFN-%CE%B2 → intensive care unit https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%A9ron_de_type_I#IFN- %CE%B2 intensive treatment unit → intensive care unit

88 | Covid-19 Thesaurus INTERLEUKIN 1 INHIBITOR

interferon gamma interleukin 1 Syn: IFN-ɣ Syn: IL-1 BT: interferon type II BT: · cytokine FR: interféron gamma · innate immunity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HDL9KB42-L · therapeutic target The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines that plays interferon (IFN)-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults. (Wikipedia) → IFITM protein FR: interleukine 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HRVQJ8ZB-8 interferon (IFN)-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1_family https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_1 → IFITM3 protein

interleukin 10 interferon omega Syn: IL-10 Syn: IFN-ω BT: cytokine BT: interferon type I FR: interféron oméga nterleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W9GR4JTD-V factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. (Wikipedia) FR: interleukine 10 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NPWS8ZN7-M interferon type I EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_10 BT: · cytokine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_10 · innate immunity NT: · interferon alpha interleukin 17 · interferon beta · interferon omega Syn: IL-17 BT: cytokine Human type I interferons (IFNs) are a large subgroup of interferon proteins that help regulate the activity of the immune system. Interleukin 17A (IL-17 or IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. This (Wikipedia) cytokine is produced by a group of T helper cell known as T helper 17 cell in response to their stimulation with IL-23. Originally, Th17 was FR: interféron de type I identified in 1993 by Rouvier et al. who isolated IL17 transcript from a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M94S9MMW-R rodent T-cell hybridoma. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%A9ron_de_type_I FR: interleukine 17 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q72WGSGX-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17 interferon type II https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_17 BT: cytokine NT: interferon gamma interleukin 18 FR: interféron de type II URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KQ838680-M Syn: IL-18 BT: · cytokine · innate immunity interferon type III Interleukin-18 (IL18, also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor) BT: · cytokine is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. The protein · innate immunity encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. (Wikipedia) FR: interféron de type III FR: interleukine 18 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DSJJZ2BS-P URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M00ZS2XM-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_18 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine-18 interleukin-1 blockade → interleukin 1 inhibitor interleukin 1 inhibitor Syn: · IL-1 blockade interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade · IL-1 inhibitor → interleukin 1 inhibitor · interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade · interleukin-1 blockade interleukin-1 inhibitor · interleukin-1 inhibitor BT: interleukin inhibitor → interleukin 1 inhibitor NT: anakinra FR: inhibiteur d'interleukine-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S4XZDBC0-9

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 89 INTERLEUKIN 2

interleukin 2 interleukin 8 Syn: IL-2 Syn: IL-8 BT: cytokine BT: cytokine Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling Interleukin 8 (IL8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between bodies. (Wikipedia) foreign ("non-self") and "self". (Wikipedia) FR: interleukine 8 FR: interleukine 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FN7SM6MK-0 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GDDQKP2P-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_2 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_8 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_2

interleukin blockade interleukin 4 → interleukin inhibitor Syn: IL-4 BT: cytokine interleukin inhibitor The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 Syn: interleukin blockade cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. BT: monoclonal antibody The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th2 differentiation, NT: · interleukin 1 inhibitor has not been identified, but recent studies suggest that basophils may · interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor be the effector cell. (Wikipedia) FR: inhibiteur d'interleukine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FW0F355X-3 FR: interleukine 4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZDQPT18H-0 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_4 intermediate carrier https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_4 → intermediate host interleukin 6 Syn: IL-6 intermediate host BT: · cytokine Syn: · intermediate carrier · innate immunity · intermediate reservoir host · therapeutic target BT: zoonotic disease Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory NT: · Arctonyx collaris cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by · Bovidae the IL6 gene. (Wikipedia) · Camelus dromedarius · Castor fiber FR: interleukine 6 · Felis catus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z1BQ9L1L-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6 · Lepus sinensis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_6 · Manidae · Melogale moschata · Muntiacus reevesi interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor · Nyctereutes procyonoides BT: interleukin inhibitor · Paguma larvata NT: · sarilumab · Serpentes · tocilizumab · testudine FR: inhibiteur des récepteurs de l'interleukine 6 · Vicugna pacos URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DVCDRXSW-2 FR: hôte intermédiaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VT21D5NC-G interleukin 7 Syn: IL-7 intermediate reservoir host BT: cytokine → intermediate host Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene. IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by stromal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. It is also produced by keratinocytes, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, neurons, and epithelial cells, but is not produced by normal lymphocytes. (Wikipedia) FR: interleukine 7 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JHXC9VKR-L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_7 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_7

90 | Covid-19 Thesaurus INVASIVE VENTILATION

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses intrafamilial transmission BT: international organization Syn: · household transmission The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes · transmission between family members and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclatures BT: human to human transmission for viruses. The ICTV has developed a universal taxonomic scheme for FR: transmission intra-familiale viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J0VZGQR3-W classify every virus that affects living organisms. (Wikipedia) FR: Comité international de taxonomie des virus intrauterine transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NXRL8BLF-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ → vertical transmission International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses intravascular coagulopathy BT: hypercoagulability international organization NT: · disseminated intravascular coagulation · pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy BT: organization FR: coagulopathie intravasculaire NT: · Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJXKV6FR-B · GISAID · International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses · Vaccine Alliance intravascular disseminated coagulation · World Health Organization → disseminated intravascular coagulation FR: organisme international URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SNB9PSNW-H intubation Syn: endotracheal tube international research laboratories BT: invasive ventilation BT: Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR: laboratoire de recherche international Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HGVJFZHJ-W placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, international trial ill, or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs, including mechanical ventilation, and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation or BT: clinical trial airway obstruction. (Wikipedia) NT: Solidarity FR: essai international FR: intubation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FP9P8FHK-H URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BRKJ0ZN9-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intubation_trach%C3%A9ale interspecies transmission Syn: · cross species transmission invasive mechanical ventilation · cross-species transmission → invasive ventilation · crossing species barrier BT: transmission NT: · animal to human transmission invasive ventilation · barrier species Syn: · invasive mechanical ventilation · genetic distance · mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube FR: transmission interespèce BT: mechanical ventilation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SQNB1RDK-P NT: intubation EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barri%C3%A8re_des_esp %C3%A8ces Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument inside the trachea through the mouth, such as an endotracheal tube or the skin, such as a tracheostomy tube. (Wikipedia) intestinal absorptive cell FR: ventilation invasive → enterocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TG163V1L-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_m intestine %C3%A9canique_en_m%C3%A9decine Syn: bowel BT: organ RT: enterocyte FR: intestin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FTS4CZ12-F

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 91 ISOLATION

isolation Italian pharmaceutical laboratory BT: · prevention Syn: · Italian pharmaceutical company · public health measure · Italian pharmaceutical factory RT: home surveillance · Italian pharmaceutical firm In health care facilities, isolation represents one of several measures · Italian pharmaceutical lab that can be taken to implement infection control: the prevention of · Italian pharmaceutical manufacturer communicable diseases from being transmitted from a patient to other BT: Italian organization patients, health care workers, and visitors, or from outsiders to a NT: ReiThera particular patient (reverse isolation). (Wikipedia) FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique italien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W3X4VWS0-R FR: isolement URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K7P6LWR9-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_(health_care) Italian pharmaceutical manufacturer https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolement_(soin_de_sant%C3%A9) → Italian pharmaceutical laboratory isothermal amplification loop-mediated → loop-mediated isothermal amplification Italy BT: country of the European continent RT: ReiThera isotype FR: Italie BT: antibody URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MSXVQC3Z-S NT: · immunoglobulin A · immunoglobulin D · immunoglobulin E ivermectin · immunoglobulin G BT: avermectin · immunoglobulin M Ivermectin and other avermectins (insecticides most frequently used In immunology, the immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype (class) is encoded by in home-use ant baits) are macrocyclic lactones derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Ivermectin kills by interfering with the constant region segments of the immunoglobulin gene which form nervous system and muscle function, in particular by enhancing the Fc (Fragment crystallizable region) portion and the lower segment inhibitory neurotransmission. (Wikipedia) of the Fab (Fragment antigen-binding) portion of an antibody. The expression of a specific isotype determines the function of an antibody FR: ivermectine via the specific binding to Fc receptor molecules on different immune URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LW6LXGGR-8 effector cells. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectine FR: isotype URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DQD3DB3K-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(immunology) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype

Italian organization BT: organization NT: Italian pharmaceutical laboratory FR: organisme italien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TWC1KB30-D

Italian pharmaceutical company → Italian pharmaceutical laboratory

Italian pharmaceutical factory → Italian pharmaceutical laboratory

Italian pharmaceutical firm → Italian pharmaceutical laboratory

Italian pharmaceutical lab → Italian pharmaceutical laboratory

92 | Covid-19 Thesaurus JANUS KINASE 3

Janus kinase Syn: just another kinase J BT: · kinase · therapeutic target NT: · Janus kinase 1 JAK-STAT · Janus kinase 2 Syn: janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of · Janus kinase 3 transcription proteins · tyrosine kinase 2 BT: signal transduction Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of intracellular, nonreceptor tyrosine RT: STAT protein kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway. They were initially named "just another kinase" 1 and 2 (since The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is a chain of interactions between they were just two of many discoveries in a PCR-based screen of proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell kinases), but were ultimately published as "Janus kinase". (Wikipedia) division, cell death and tumour formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell FR: Janus kinase nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through a process called URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZS5G50N5-R transcription. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase FR: JAK-STAT URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MW29G4PW-2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway Janus kinase 1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT Syn: JAK1 BT: Janus kinase JAK1 JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for → Janus kinase 1 certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the JAK2 IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family → Janus kinase 2 (e.g. IL-6R, IL-11R, LIF-R, OSM-R, cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R), ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R), neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and Leptin-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by JAK3 type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating → Janus kinase 3 responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. (Wikipedia) FR: Janus kinase 1 JAK inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VBHG595P-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase_1 → Janus kinase inhibitor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase_1

Jakinib Janus kinase 2 → Janus kinase inhibitor Syn: JAK2 BT: Janus kinase Janssen Pharmaceutica Janus kinase 2 (commonly called JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine BT: Johnson & Johnson kinase. It is a member of the Janus kinase family and has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family RT: Ad26.COV2.S (e.g. interferon receptors), the GM-CSF receptor family (IL-3R, IL-5R Janssen Pharmaceutica is a pharmaceutical company headquartered and GM-CSF-R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g., IL-6R), and the single in Beerse, Belgium and owned by Johnson & Johnson. It was founded chain receptors (e.g. Epo-R, Tpo-R, GH-R, PRL-R). (Wikipedia) in 1953 by Paul Janssen. (Wikipédia) FR: Janus kinase 2 FR: Janssen Pharmaceutica URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MNFG3DQK-P URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RZ07MZ62-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase_2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceutica https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_kinase_2 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceutica Janus kinase 3 Syn: JAK3 BT: Janus kinase FR: Janus kinase 3 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QRTP6NZZ-2

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 93 JANUS KINASE INHIBITOR

Janus kinase inhibitor Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Syn: · JAK inhibitor Prevention · Jakinib Syn: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and BT: protease inhibitor Prevention NT: baricitinib BT: Chinese Center for Disease Control and FR: inhibiteurs de janus kinase Prevention URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R13D599N-S RT: · Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins · Jiangsu Province · Sf9 Cell → JAK-STAT FR: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Japan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H7MJTPZ7-0 BT: country of the Asian continent FR: Japon Johnson & Johnson URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PG6QV912-2 BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory NT: Janssen Pharmaceutica Japan Agency for Medical Research and Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational corporation founded Development in 1886 that develops medical devices, pharmaceutical, and consumer BT: Japanese agency packaged goods. (Wikipédia) RT: AG0301-COVID19 FR: Johnson & Johnson URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W5WCN2V4-8 The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson Japanese: ##########), created in April 2015, is an independent https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson Japanese medical research and development organization, overseen by the Office of Healthcare Policy of Cabinet Secretariat, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the just another kinase Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) and the Ministry of → Janus kinase Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). (Wikipédia) FR: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R3WXLXFH-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Japan_Agency_for_Medical_Research_and_Development

Japanese agency BT: Japanese organization NT: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development FR: agence japonaise URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PXR93CDJ-T

Japanese organization BT: organization NT: Japanese agency FR: organisme japonais URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T847P020-N

Jiangsu Province BT: Chinese province RT: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention FR: province du Jiangsu URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V3B5MXV3-C

Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention → Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

94 | Covid-19 Thesaurus KINASE

Kentucky BioProcessing Syn: Biopharmaceutical company Kentucky K BioProcessing BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: KBP-201 K417N mutation FR: Kentucky BioProcessing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N715SH1N-G BT: mutation in S gene RT: 501Y.V2 FR: mutation K417N kidney URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L77V1T7S-F BT: organ FR: rein kappa chain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M8CT5692-8 BT: light chain FR: chaîne kappa kidney replacement therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HBWW09S5-6 → dialysis

Kawasaki disease killed vaccine Syn: · Kawasaki syndrome → inactivated vaccine · mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome BT: · systemic manifestation · vasculitis killer T cell Kawasaki disease is a syndrome of unknown cause that results in a → cytotoxic T lymphocyte fever and mainly affects children under 5 years of age. It is a form of vasculitis, where blood vessels become inflamed throughout the body. The fever typically lasts for more than five days and is not affected by kinase usual medications. (Wikipedia) BT: host cell protease FR: maladie de Kawasaki NT: · adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WPCCBHQS-2 · Janus kinase EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_de_Kawasaki In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where Kawasaki syndrome the substrate gains a phosphate group and the high-energy ATP molecule donates a phosphate group. (Wikipedia) → Kawasaki disease FR: kinase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MGMQ6D1P-M Kazakh organization EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinase BT: organization NT: Kazakh research organization FR: organisme kazakhstanais URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B8M2TSWW-H

Kazakh research organization BT: Kazakh organization NT: Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems FR: organisme de recherche kazakhstanais URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W6J5911D-P

KBP-201 BT: subunit vaccine RT: Kentucky BioProcessing FR: KBP-201 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B0W759Q8-V

Keletra® → lopinavir/ritonavir

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 95 L5S MUTATION

Langerhans cell BT: dendritic cell L Langerhans cells (LC) are tissue-resident dendritic cells of the skin, and contain organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis and are most prominent in the stratum l1 antigen spinosum.They also occur in the papillary dermis, particularly around blood vessels, as well as in the mucosa of the mouth, foreskin, and → calprotectin vaginal epithelium. (Wikipedia) FR: cellule de Langerhans l1 protein, leukocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J24XC981-K → calprotectin EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_de_Langerhans

L5S mutation large granular lymphocyte BT: mutation in S gene → natural killer cell FR: mutation L5S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R8N16HBM-T L clade laboratory data BT: SARS-CoV-2 clade FR: clade L → biological diagnosis URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FJ7D2TXK-6 labrocyte leader protein → mast cell → non-structural protein 1 lambda chain lentivirus BT: light chain BT: viral vector FR: chaîne lambda URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VMKSCWDV-0 Lentiviruses are a subclass of Retroviruses. They are sometimes used as vectors for gene therapy thanks to their ability to integrate into the genome of non-dividing cells, which is the unique feature of Lentiviruses LAMP as other Retroviruses can infect only dividing cells. (Wikipedia) → loop-mediated isothermal amplification FR: lentivirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PRHB26BN-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector#Vaccines LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification → loop-mediated isothermal amplification lentivirus vaccine vector BT: viral vaccine vector LAMP technique NT: pathogen-specific aAPC → loop-mediated isothermal amplification FR: vaccin à vecteur lentiviral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KSNWMQCX-C

Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome → Guillain-Barré syndrome leptin Syn: · ob gene product · ob protein Landry Guillain-Barré syndrome · obese gene product → Guillain-Barré syndrome · obese protein BT: adipokine Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos, "thin") is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and enterocytes in the that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn diminishes fat storage in adipocytes. (Wikipedia) FR: leptine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XQV08RKX-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptine

96 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LOCKDOWN LIFTING

Lepus sinensis live attenuated vaccine Syn: Chinese hare Syn: limited living vaccine BT: · intermediate host BT: vaccine candidate · mammal NT: BCG vaccine FR: Lepus sinensis RT: live attenuated virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GXBXLCND-4 FR: vaccin vivant atténué URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QHTWW0GJ-V leronlimab BT: monoclonal antibody live attenuated virus FR: leronlimab BT: technology platform URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FFFFT73D-S RT: live attenuated vaccine An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of leukocyte l1 antigen complex a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). (Wikipedia) → calprotectin FR: virus vivant atténué URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QT4GKLXG-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine leukocyte l1 protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_att%C3%A9nu%C3%A9 → calprotectin liver enzyme lifestyle BT: biochemical marker NT: · alanine aminotransferase BT: risk factor · aspartate aminotransferase NT: · alcoholism FR: enzyme hépatique · sedentary lifestyle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N64JK3GX-R · tobacco smoking FR: mode de vie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ND2QR4R3-D liver failure EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_de_vie BT: systemic manifestation Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and light chain metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. (Wikipedia) BT: immunoglobulin protein chain FR: insuffisance hépato-cellulaire NT: · kappa chain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SWL8LXHF-1 · lambda chain EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_failure FR: chaîne légère https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_h%C3%A9pato- URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FQXLG3WH-B cellulaire limited living vaccine local case → live attenuated vaccine BT: infection case FR: cas local URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J4QVCPRZ-L lineage A

→ betacoronavirus lineage A lockdown → confinement lineage B → betacoronavirus lineage B lockdown lifting BT: public health measure lineage c FR: déconfinement → betacoronavirus lineage C URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GKFZ8MLQ-Z EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9confinement

LIPS assay long-term care service Syn: luciferase immunoprecipitation assay → long term care service BT: serological testing FR: test LIPS URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QQNRB793-7 long-term morbidity → sequela

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 97 LONGITUDINAL STUDY

longitudinal study lopinavir-ritonavir BT: cohort study → lopinavir/ritonavir A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., lopinavir/ritonavir people) over short or long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). (Wikipedia) Syn: · Keletra® · lopinavir-ritonavir FR: étude longitudinale BT: drug combination URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G0XH803R-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_study RT: · Discovery https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tude_longitudinale · Recovery · Solidarity long term care service Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), sold under the brand name Kaletra among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment and Syn: long-term care service prevention of HIV/AIDS. It combines lopinavir with a low dose of BT: confined indoor space ritonavir. (Wikipedia) Long-term care (LTC) is a variety of services which help meet both FR: lopinavir/ritonavir the medical and non-medical needs of people with a chronic illness or URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BN5XG3WV-2 disability who cannot care for themselves for long periods. Long term EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir care is focused on individualized and coordinated services that promote https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopinavir/ritonavir independence, maximize patients' quality of life, and meet patients' needs over a period of time. lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta FR: unité de soins de longue durée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JL7N9WDB-G → lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_care https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit %C3%A9_de_soins_de_longue_dur%C3%A9e lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a Syn: lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta loop-mediated isothermal amplification BT: drug combination RT: Discovery Syn: · LAMP FR: lopinavir/ritonavir + interféron bêta-1a · LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T2LJCXPS-M · LAMP technique · isothermal amplification loop-mediated · loop mediated isothermal amplification lower respiratory infection · loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique → lower respiratory tract infection BT: DNA amplification Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a single-tube lower respiratory tract infection technique for the amplification of DNA and a low-cost alternative to detect certain diseases. (Wikipedia) Syn: lower respiratory infection BT: lung disease FR: amplification isotherme médiée par les boucles NT: pneumonia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q88K5WGQ-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop- FR: infection des voies respiratoires inférieures mediated_isothermal_amplification URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NFS7SZS4-B https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplification_isotherme_m %C3%A9di%C3%A9e_par_les_boucles luciferase immunoprecipitation assay → loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique LIPS assay → loop-mediated isothermal amplification lung loop mediated isothermal amplification BT: respiratory system NT: lung parenchyma → loop-mediated isothermal amplification RT: pneumocyte FR: poumon URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X365S613-M lopinavir BT: protease inhibitor Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir). (Wikipedia) FR: lopinavir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SBQX4FVZ-G EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopinavir https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopinavir

98 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LYMPHOPAENIA

lung disease lymphocyte Syn: · lung pathology BT: · adaptative immune cell · pulmonary disease · blood cell BT: second phase of the disease NT: · B lymphocyte NT: · acute respiratory distress syndrome · effector cell · infection-associated enhanced disease · memory cell · lower respiratory tract infection · naive cell FR: maladie pulmonaire · T lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NMC6D3KF-V RT: · granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio · lymphopaenia · monocyte–lymphocyte ratio lung parenchyma BT: lung A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of a white blood cell in a vertebrate's RT: · MERS-CoV immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, · pneumocyte cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven · replication adaptive immunity). (Wikipedia) · SARS-CoV · SARS-CoV-2 FR: lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D2JBLBR5-5 FR: parenchyme pulmonaire EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C5J766ZT-V https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte lung pathology lymphocyte T helper → lung disease Syn: · CD4(+) T helper · CD4+ cell lung ultrasound · T helper BT: T lymphocyte Syn: ultrasound assessment of lung NT: · CD4 T helper cell BT: chest imaging · memory CD4(+) T cell RT: ECHOVID FR: échographie pulmonaire The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells, are a type of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QJ6JF8ZX-J T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. (Wikipedia) FR: lymphocyte T auxiliaire Luxemburg URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LJP5F29H-3 BT: country of the European continent EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_helper_cell FR: Luxembourg https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_T_auxiliaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RVHG6ZD6-2 lymphocytopenia LV-SMENP-DC → lymphopaenia BT: recombinant cells vaccine RT: Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute FR: LV-SMENP-DC lymphopaenia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PRR82GVP-D Syn: lymphocytopenia BT: hematological marker RT: lymphocyte Lymphocytopenia is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are a white blood cell with important functions in the immune system. It is also called lymphopenia. (Wikipedia) FR: lymphopénie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JQGJT3D1-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytopenia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphop%C3%A9nie

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 99 MACROPHAGE

malignancy Syn: · cancer M · malignant neoplasm BT: chronic disease Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the macrophage potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. (Wikipedia) BT: · antigen-presenting cell FR: cancer · phagocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q6RM20DN-F · sentinel cell EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer RT: · Fc receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer · granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-positive malignant neoplasm Macrophages (abbreviated as Mφ, MΦ or MP) (Greek: large eaters, → malignancy from Greek μακρός (makrós) = large, φαγεῖν (phagein) = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything mammal else that does not have the type of proteins specific to healthy body cells Syn: mammalian species on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. (Wikipedia) BT: animal FR: macrophage NT: · Arctonyx collaris URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WHX9GV9L-B · Bovidae EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage · Camelus dromedarius · Castor fiber · Chiroptera macrophage activation syndrome · Felis catus → haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis · Lepus sinensis · Manidae · Melogale moschata major histocompatibility complex class I · Muntiacus reevesi Syn: · MHC class I · Nyctereutes procyonoides · major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I · Paguma larvata BT: host cell protein · Vicugna pacos MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major RT: · alphacoronavirus histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC · betacoronavirus class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the · deltacoronavirus bodies of vertebrates. (Wikipedia) FR: Mammalia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z09CJBNN-0 FR: complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité de classe I URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QTFPCDFK-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_I mammalian species https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexe_majeur_d %27histocompatibilit%C3%A9_de_classe_I → mammal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I management of symptomatic patient → major histocompatibility complex class I NT: · home surveillance · hospitalization Malayan pangolin · intensive care unit RT: symptomatology → Manidae FR: prise en charge d'un patient symptomatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GTXPPZKD-6 male BT: gender ratio Manidae FR: homme Syn: · Malayan pangolin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QNQSSCLC-S · Manis javanica · pangolin BT: · intermediate host · mammal RT: SARS-CoV-2 FR: Manidae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZR2PB5BJ-R

100 | Covid-19 Thesaurus MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Manis javanica mastocyte → Manidae → mast cell manual tracing maternal foetal transmission BT: contact tracing → vertical transmission FR: traçage manuel URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LJ8JSSF1-P Matrix-M™ BT: non-aluminum adjuvant marker of disease progression RT: NVX-CoV2373 BT: biological diagnosis FR: Matrix-M™ NT: · biochemical marker URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L5PCJHML-D · hematological marker · inflammatory marker matrix protein FR: marqueur d'évolutivité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FTDH809D-X → M protein market authorisation MDA-5 receptor → marketing authorization BT: RIG-I-like receptor FR: récepteur MDA-5 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K9W0ZD7H-Q marketing authorization Syn: · authorisation for the placing on the market · market authorisation measles morbillivirus BT: phase BT: viral vector NT: conditional marketing authorisation RT: · measles vector vaccine RT: · commercial vaccine · TMV-083 / V591 · European Medicines Agency Measles morbillivirus (MeV), formerly called measles virus (MV), is a · Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped, non-segmented RNA virus Agency of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. (Wikipédia) Marketing authorisation is the process of reviewing and assessing the FR: virus de la rougeole evidence to support a medicinal product, such as a drug, in relation to URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PRKG3137-2 its marketing, finalised by granting of a licence to be sold. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_morbillivirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_la_rougeole FR: autorisation de mise sur le marché URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TSLFMQM6-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_authorisation measles vector vaccine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorisation_de_mise_sur_le_march %C3%A9 BT: viral vaccine vector NT: TMV-083 / V591 RT: measles morbillivirus market in Wuhan city FR: vaccin à vecteur rougeole → Huanan seafood wholesale market URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZKV65Q57-R masked palm civets mechanical ventilation → Paguma larvata BT: artificial respiration NT: · invasive ventilation · non-invasive ventilation mast cell · positive pressure ventilation Syn: · labrocyte Mechanical ventilation, or assisted ventilation, sometimes abbreviated · mastocyte as IMV, is the medical term for artificial ventilation where mechanical BT: · granulocyte means are used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. (Wikipedia) · sentinel cell RT: Fc receptor FR: ventilation mécanique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q8NQ2SLK-2 A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a migrant cell EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_m heparin. (Wikipedia) %C3%A9canique_en_m%C3%A9decine FR: mastocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SRMS4SGG-W mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell → https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastocyte invasive ventilation

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 101 MEDIAN AGE

median age membrane-bound serine protease TMPRSS2 BT: health indicator → type II transmembrane serine protease FR: âge médian URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L88BJFG8-X membrane alanyl aminopeptidase → aminopeptidase N Medicago Syn: Medicago Inc. BT: Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory membrane immunoglobulin RT: Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine BT: immunoglobulin Medicago Inc. is a Canadian biotechnology company focused on the NT: antigen receptor discovery, development, and commercialization of virus-like particles FR: immunoglobuline membranaire using plants as "bioreactors" to produce proteins as candidate vaccines URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L4J2MST6-4 and medications. By using live plant leaves as hosts in the discovery and manufacturing process, the Medicago "Proficia" technology has membrane (M) glycoprotein the goal to create a rapid, high-yield system for its product candidates. (Wikipédia) → M protein FR: Medicago URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D27MTJ4G-S membrane (M) protein EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicago_Inc. → M protein

Medicago Inc. membrane protein → Medicago → M protein medicinal signaling cells → mesenchymal stem cells memory B cell BT: immunological memory Memory B cells (MBCs) are a B cell sub-type that are formed within Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory germinal centers following primary infection. Memory B cells can Agency survive for decades and repeatedly generate an accelerated and robust BT: UK agency antibody-mediated immune response in the case of re-infection (also RT: · 3 LNP-mRNAs known as a secondary immune response). (Wikipedia) · marketing authorization FR: lymphocyte B à mémoire The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LFFJRZ7X-M EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_B_%C3%A0_m United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and %C3%A9moire medical devices work and are acceptably safe. (Wikipédia) FR: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency memory CD4(+) T cell URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HRD9ZMM7-C Syn: · CD4(+) memory T-cell EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ · CD4+ memory T-cell Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency · memory CD4 T cell · memory CD4 T-cell Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation BT: lymphocyte T helper NT: · central memory CD4 T cell BT: Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory · effector memory CD4 T cell RT: MVC-COV1901 FR: Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation Antigen-naïve T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZCSGSSFF-8 T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen within the context of an MHC molecule on the surface of a professional antigen presenting cell (e.g. a dendritic cell). (Wikipedia) Melogale moschata FR: lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire Syn: Chinese ferret-badger URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P8Z5949B-V BT: · intermediate host EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_T_cell · mammal https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_T_%C3%A0_m %C3%A9moire#Sous-population_de_lymphocyte_T_ FR: Melogale moschata %C3%A0_m%C3%A9moire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WN6NV2XJ-1

memory CD4 T-cell membrane-anchored serine protease, TMpRSS2 → memory CD4(+) T cell → type II transmembrane serine protease

102 | Covid-19 Thesaurus MERS-COV TROPISM

memory CD4 T cell MERS → memory CD4(+) T cell → Middle East respiratory syndrome memory CD8(+) T cell MERS-Associated coronavirus Syn: · CD8 memory T-cell → MERS-CoV · CD8(+) memory T-cell · memory CD8 T cell · memory CD8 T-cell MERS-CoV BT: cytotoxic T lymphocyte Syn: · HCoV 2c England-Qatar NT: · central memory CD8 T cell · HCoV 2c Jordan N3 · effector memory CD8 T cell · HCoV-Emc FR: lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire · HCoV-Emc/2012 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CCFH458R-2 · MERS Associated coronavirus · MERS Virus · MERS coronavirus memory CD8 T-cell · MERS related coronavirus → memory CD8(+) T cell · MERS-Associated coronavirus · MERS-related coronavirus memory CD8 T cell · Middle East respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus → memory CD8(+) T cell · Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus · Middle East respiratory syndrome related memory cell coronavirus · Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated BT: lymphocyte coronavirus FR: lymphocyte mémoire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z0X7HJMR-Z · Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus · Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus mental disorder · Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus → psychological disorder · human betacoronavirus 2c Erasmus medical center/2012 · human coronavirus – Erasmus medical center mental illness · novel human betacoronavirus lineage c → psychological disorder BT: · betacoronavirus lineage C · emerging coronavirus · human coronavirus meplazumab · zoonotic coronavirus BT: anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody RT: · 2012 FR: méplazumab · Camelus dromedarius URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZGQM17BT-6 · dipeptidyl peptidase 4 · lung parenchyma merbeCoVirus · Middle East respiratory syndrome → betacoronavirus lineage C Middle East respiratory syndrome related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), or EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC/2012), is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positive- Merck & Co. sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the DPP4 receptor. (Wikipedia) → Merck Sharp and Dohme FR: MERS-CoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RQP5JRCV-R Merck Sharp and Dohme EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus Syn: Merck & Co. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory Coronavirus_du_syndrome_respiratoire_du_Moyen-Orient RT: TMV-083 / V591 Merck & Co., Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the mers-cov tropism United States and Canada, is an American multinational pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. BT: viral tropism (Wikipédia) FR: tropisme du mers-cov URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NXGWDD3C-K FR: Merck Sharp and Dohme URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N5L2D3JQ-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_%26_Co. MERS-related coronavirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_%26_Co. → MERS-CoV

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 103 MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

MERS Associated coronavirus metabolic syndrome → MERS-CoV Syn: · Reaven syndrome x · cardiovascular syndrome · insulin resistance syndrome x MERS coronavirus · metabolic cardiovascular syndrome → MERS-CoV · metabolic syndrome X · metabolic x syndrome MERS related coronavirus BT: · chronic disease · metabolic disease → MERS-CoV Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the five following medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood MERS Virus sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). (Wikipedia) → MERS-CoV FR: syndrome métabolique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SR0FPS6J-1 mesenchymal stem cells EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_m%C3%A9tabolique Syn: · medicinal signaling cells · mesenchymal stromal cells BT: cell therapy metabolic syndrome X NT: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells → metabolic syndrome Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells are multipotent stromal cells that metabolic x syndrome can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) → metabolic syndrome and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue). (Wikipedia) FR: cellules souches mésenchymateuses MF59 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FF5GLGFJ-R BT: non-aluminum adjuvant EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell FR: MF59 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_m%C3%A9senchymateuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DF8GPV1V-S mesenchymal stromal cells MHC class I → mesenchymal stem cells → major histocompatibility complex class I messenger RNA Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus → mRNA → MERS-CoV metabolic cardiovascular syndrome Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus → metabolic syndrome → MERS-CoV metabolic disease Middle East respiratory syndrome BT: comorbidity Syn: · MERS NT: · diabetes mellitus type 2 · Saudi SARS · metabolic syndrome · severe respiratory disease associated with · obesity Middle East A metabolic disorder can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in BT: · coronavirus infection the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as · emerging viral infection inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive. · zoonotic disease (Wikipedia) RT: MERS-CoV FR: maladie métabolique Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), also known as camel flu, is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D1FM9TCQ-7 a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-coronavirus (MERS- EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_disorder CoV). (Wikipedia) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_m%C3%A9tabolique FR: syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CBZKMXLS-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_respiratoire_du_Moyen- Orient

104 | Covid-19 Thesaurus MODERNA VACCINE

Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus modelling → MERS-CoV Syn: · scientific modelling · modelling study BT: epidemic forecasting Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus NT: · bayesian network → MERS-CoV · compartmental model · Modcov19 platform Middle East respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, → MERS-CoV quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge. It requires selecting and identifying Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus relevant aspects of a situation in the real world and then using different types of models for different aims, such as conceptual models to better → MERS-CoV understand, operational models to operationalize, mathematical models to quantify, and graphical models to visualize the subject. (Wikipedia) Middle East respiratory syndrome related coronavirus FR: modélisation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W1ZQPD2D-C → MERS-CoV EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A9lisation migratory inhibitory factor-related protein mrp → calprotectin modelling study → modelling migratory inhibitory factor related protein mrp → calprotectin mode of transmission → transmission mode Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation → Health Ministry of the Russian Federation Moderna → Moderna Therapeutics mitochondrial biogenesis BT: virus-host interaction Moderna Therapeutics FR: biogenèse mitochondriale Syn: Moderna URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PWLR7C33-7 BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: mRNA-1273 Mod-cov19 platform Moderna is an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, → Modcov19 platform Massachusetts. It focuses on drug discovery, drug development, and vaccine technologies based exclusively on messenger RNA (mRNA). (Wikipédia) Modcov19 platform FR: Moderna Therapeutics Syn: Mod-cov19 platform URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LR0STGQ7-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna BT: modelling https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_Therapeutics FR: plateforme Modcov19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G4FSR6VR-G Moderna vaccine BT: commercial vaccine RT: mRNA-1273 FR: vaccin Moderna URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HH3WMP5H-X

molecular-based laboratory test → molecular assay

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 105 MOLECULAR ASSAY

molecular assay monocyte Syn: · diagnostic test BT: · blood cell · diagnostic testing · innate immune cell · molecular diagnostic RT: monocyte–lymphocyte ratio · molecular diagnostic assay Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. They are the · molecular diagnostic method largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and · molecular test myeloid lineage dendritic cells. (Wikipedia) · molecular-based laboratory test · nucleic acid test FR: monocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NCZP7BJT-N · nucleic acid testing EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte · virological nucleic acid pcr tests https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte · virological test BT: test monocyte/lymphocyte NT: · detecting viral RNA · DNA amplification → monocyte–lymphocyte ratio · sampling method RT: · nucleic acid monocyte–lymphocyte ratio · symptomatic patient Syn: monocyte/lymphocyte Tests for viral presence are used to diagnose individual cases and BT: hematological marker to allow public health authorities to trace and contain outbreaks. RT: · lymphocyte (Wikipedia) · monocyte FR: test moléculaire FR: ratio monocyte-lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S4LD5F49-7 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VKCSXPRP-4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_diagnostique_du_SARS- CoV-2#RT-PCR_(ou_par_biologie_mol%C3%A9culaire,_d monophyletic group %C3%A9tection_de_g%C3%A8nes) → SARS-CoV-2 clade molecular diagnostic → molecular assay morbidity rate BT: health indicator FR: taux de morbidité molecular diagnostic assay URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HGK4M258-J → molecular assay EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taux_de_morbidit%C3%A9 molecular diagnostic method mortality rate BT: health indicator → molecular assay NT: infant mortality rate Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in molecular test general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to → molecular assay the size of that population, per unit of time. (Wikipedia) FR: taux de mortalité monoclonal antibodies URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R5FCQDVZ-Q EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_rate → monoclonal antibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taux_de_mortalit%C3%A9 monoclonal antibody mother-to-child transplacental transmission Syn: monoclonal antibodies → vertical transmission BT: immunomodulator NT: · anti-C5a monoclonal antibody mother-to-fetus transmission · anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody · interleukin inhibitor → vertical transmission · leronlimab · tocilizumab movement restriction Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by BT: · prevention identical immune cells which are all clones belonging to a unique parent · public health measure cell. (Wikipedia) FR: restriction des déplacements FR: anticorps monoclonal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SPKTSLX9-R URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TRQ8MGXP-Q EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticorps_monoclonal

106 | Covid-19 Thesaurus MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE

M protein mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Syn: · matrix protein BT: mucosal immunity · membrane (M) glycoprotein NT: · bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue · membrane (M) protein · gut-associated lymphoid tissue · membrane protein The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa- BT: structural protein associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations RT: ORF5 of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the FR: protéine M body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, thyroid, breast, URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RXGSR0KT-P lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. (Wikipedia) mRNA Syn: messenger RNA FR: tissu lymphoïde muqueux URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C7GGKWJM-4 BT: transcription EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosa- associated_lymphoid_tissue In molecular biology, messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissu_lympho%C3%AFde_associ molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene %C3%A9_aux_muqueuses and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. (Wikipedia) FR: ARNm mucosal immunity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PC1F249K-1 BT: immunity EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA NT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_ribonucl %C3%A9ique_messager FR: immunité muqueuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D60ZL7QQ-2 mRNA-1273 MULTI-COV BT: mRNA vaccine BT: French trial RT: · Moderna Therapeutics FR: MULTI-COV · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B32FMK93-X Diseases FR: ARNm-1273 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SL9F3SWW-F multi-organ damage EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D %C3%A9veloppement_et_recherche_de_m → multiple organ failure %C3%A9dicaments_contre_la_Covid-19

multi-organ failure mRNA vaccine → multiple organ failure BT: RNA vaccine NT: · 3 LNP-mRNAs multiorgan failure · ARCT-021 · ChulaCov19 → multiple organ failure · COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) · CVnCoV Vaccine multiple organ dysfunction syndrome · mRNA-1273 · SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine → multiple organ failure FR: vaccin à ARNm URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GK5QFRR2-P multiple organ failure Syn: · impairment in multi-organ function mu chain · multi-organ damage BT: heavy chain · multi-organ failure FR: chaîne mu · multiorgan failure URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MTWJ5FLJ-1 · multiple organ dysfunction syndrome BT: systemic manifestation mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to achieve → Kawasaki disease homeostasis. (Wikipedia) FR: défaillance multiviscérale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L5P5XL9J-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Multiple_organ_dysfunction_syndrome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_de_d %C3%A9faillance_multivisc%C3%A9rale

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 107 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

multiple sclerosis myalgia BT: · autoimmune disease BT: neurologic manifestation · chronic disease Myalgia, also known as muscle pain or muscle ache, is a symptom that · inflammatory disease presents with a large array of diseases. (Wikipedia) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the FR: myalgie insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BJJ3L4ZP-K damaged. (Wikipedia) EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgie FR: sclérose en plaques URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B2H28RBF-Z myelomonocytic antigen l1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scl%C3%A9rose_en_plaques → calprotectin

Muntiacus reevesi myocarditis Syn: Chinese muntjac BT: heart disease BT: · intermediate host · mammal Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle. (Wikipedia) FR: Muntiacus reevesi URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BXZ2RT1N-R FR: myocardite URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XF9G96FJ-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocarditis mutant covid https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardite → new coronavirus variant Myxovirus influenzae mutation → influenza virus BT: genetic variation NT: mutation in S gene A a mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. (Wikipedia) FR: mutation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XWZ6V0ZH-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_(g%C3%A9n %C3%A9tique) mutation in S gene BT: mutation NT: · A222V mutation · D614G mutation · D80Y mutation · E484K mutation · K417N mutation · L5S mutation · N501Y mutation · P681H mutation · S477N mutation RT: S gene FR: mutation du gène S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TXPN9G8G-C

MVC-COV1901 BT: subunit vaccine RT: Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation FR: MVC-COV1901 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W2KCJ7H6-C

108 | Covid-19 Thesaurus NATIONAL AGENCY FOR DRUG SAFETY

nasal microbiome BT: specimen N Microbiota are "ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals. Microbiota includes bacteria, N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid archaea, protists, fungi and viruses. Microbiota have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of their Syn: · 9-O-acetylated sialic acid host. (Wikipedia) · NEU 5,9 AC2 BT: sialic acid FR: microbiome nasal RT: · HCoV-HKU1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G74J6DRW-F EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiota · HCoV-OC43 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiome FR: acide N-acétyl-9-O-acétylneuraminique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F2CRBD4J-0 nasal swab N-acetylneuraminic acid BT: swab FR: écouvillonnage nasal → sialic acid URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MK3JTLMK-X

N-terminal domain nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen BT: S1 subunit BT: aspiration FR: domaine N-terminal FR: aspiration rhinopharyngée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZMT9H7TS-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z8XHSLK2-D

N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & nasopharyngeal swab Microbiology Syn: rhinopharyngeal swab → Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and BT: swab Microbiology FR: écouvillonnage rhinopharyngé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RW1Z7ZJS-M N501Y mutation BT: mutation in S gene National Agency for Drug Safety RT: · 501Y.V2 BT: French agency · VUI-202012/01 Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé FR: mutation N501Y (ANSM) superseded the tasks and duties of Agence Française de URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CTVLG4MN-X Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé (AFSSAPS) on 1 May 2012. It is responsible for assessing the benefits and risks associated with the naive cell use of health products throughout their life-cycle. ANSM assesses the safety, efficacy and quality of these products and must balance patient BT: lymphocyte safety with access to novel therapies. (Wikipedia) A naive B cell is a B cell that has not been exposed to an antigen. FR: Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et (Wikipedia) des produits de santé FR: lymphocyte naïf URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NTRZFKZD-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KTWDTRJQ-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_Nationale_de_S EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_B_cell %C3%A9curit%C3%A9_du_M https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_B_mature_et_na %C3%A9dicament_et_des_Produits_de_Sant%C3%A9 %C3%Aff National Agency for Research nasal catarrh → National Research Agency → rhinitis National Authority for Health → French National Authority for Health

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 109 NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION

National Center for Biotechnology Information natural group Syn: NCBI → SARS-CoV-2 clade BT: National Institutes of Health RT: GenBank natural host The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of → natural reservoir the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. (Wikipédia) natural killer cell Syn: · NK cell FR: National Center for Biotechnology Information · large granular lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X5CM4DMK-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ BT: · blood cell National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information · innate immune cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ RT: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information factor-positive FR: cellule NK National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WQCV1K20-Z BT: National Institutes of Health RT: mRNA-1273 natural killer T cell The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, BT: T lymphocyte sometimes pronounced "NYE-ad") is one of the 27 institutes and centers Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of share properties of both T cells and natural killer cells. (Wikipedia) the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). NIAID's mission is to conduct basic and applied research to better FR: lymphocyte NKT understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TRLW0DWQ-B diseases. (Wikipédia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_NKT FR: Institut national des allergies et des maladies infectieuses URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MRBB999G-M natural reservoir EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Syn: · animal source National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ · natural host National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases · primary source of infection · virus origins BT: zoonotic disease National Institutes of Health NT: animal Syn: NIH FR: réservoir naturel BT: American institute URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HPGKZ29C-T NT: · National Center for Biotechnology Information · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious NCBI Diseases → National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Institutes of Health (NIH) (/ɛn.aɪ.ˈeɪtʃ/) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1880s and is now nCoV part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. (Wikipedia) → SARS-CoV-2 FR: Instituts américains de la santé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZMFZDKD9-0 NCoV infection EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health → coronavirus disease 2019

National Research Agency nCov Vaccine Syn: National Agency for Research BT: DNA vaccine BT: French agency RT: Cadila Healthcare FR: nCov Vaccine The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, fr: National Agency for URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TRGVMB2Q-Q Research) is a French institution tasked with funding scientific research. It was founded on 7 February 2005 as a groupement d'intérêt public, and has acquired the status of établissement public à caractère administratif Netherlands on 1 August 2006. (Wikipedia) BT: country of the European continent FR: Agence nationale de la recherche RT: HCoV-NL63 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CN9MGC7L-3 FR: Pays-Bas EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_nationale_de_la_recherche URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G5WB3LXB-4

110 | Covid-19 Thesaurus NEW CORONAVIRUS VARIANT

NEU 5,9 AC2 neutrocyte → N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid → neutrophil

Neu5Ac neutrophil → sialic acid Syn: · heterophil · neutrocyte BT: · granulocyte neurological manifestation · phagocyte → neurologic manifestation RT: · Fc receptor · neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio neurologic manifestation Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes or heterophils) are the most Syn: · neurologic sign abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans. They form an essential part of the innate immune · neurologic symptom system, with their functions varying in different animals. (Wikipedia) · neurological manifestation BT: first phase of the disease FR: polynucléaire neutrophile NT: · myalgia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KQ3DP6K2-4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil · olfaction disorder https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_neutrophile · taste disorder FR: manifestation neurologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B6T292DT-V neutrophil/lymphocyte → neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio neurologic sign → neurologic manifestation neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio Syn: neutrophil/lymphocyte neurologic symptom BT: hematological marker RT: neutrophil → neurologic manifestation FR: ratio neutrophile-lymphocyte URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GM0MWJ5J-D neutralization assay BT: serological testing new coronavirus RT: neutralizing antibody → SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization assays assess whether sample antibodies prevent viral infection in test cells. These tests sample blood, plasma or serum. The test cultures cells that allow viral reproduction (e.g., VeroE6 cells). By new coronavirus variant varying antibody concentrations, researchers can visualize and quantify Syn: · mutant covid how many test antibodies block virus replication. (Wikipedia) · new SARS-CoV-2 variant FR: test de neutralisation · new variant of covid-19 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KQ2G3HM9-F BT: variant virus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ NT: · 501Y.V2 COVID-19_testing#Neutralization_assay · VUI-202012/01 RT: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies FR: nouveau variant du coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K74GSB46-T → neutralizing antibody

new SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralizing antibody → new coronavirus variant Syn: neutralizing antibodies BT: antibody RT: · neutralization assay new variant of covid-19 · spike protein → new coronavirus variant · vaccine immunogenicity

A neutralizing antibody (NAb) is an antibody that defends a cell from new viral infection a pathogen or infectious particle by neutralizing any effect it has biologically. Neutralisation renders the particle no longer infectious or → emerging viral infection pathogenic. Neutralizing antibodies are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system against viruses, intracellular bacteria and microbial toxin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralizing_antibody FR: anticorps neutralisant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VBLBCCQF-9

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 111 NICOTINE

nicotine non-invasive ventilation BT: tobacco Syn: · non invasive ventilation Nicotine is a widely used stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic · noninvasive ventilation alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants. BT: mechanical ventilation (Wikipedia) Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of breathing support FR: nicotine administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DSP135L4-0 with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine someone is breathing in or out. (Wikipedia) FR: ventilation non invasive URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LWXZMH45-H Nidovirales EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_ventilation Syn: nidovirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_non_invasive BT: positive-strand RNA virus NT: Coronaviridae non-productive cough Nidovirales is an order of viruses with animal and human hosts. The → dry cough order includes the families Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Roniviridae, and Mesoniviridae. Nidoviruses are enveloped positive-sense single- stranded RNA viruses. (Wikipedia) non-replicant viral vector FR: Nidovirales Syn: non-replicating virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VBBF9K3K-D BT: viral vector EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidovirales https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidovirales RT: · Ad26.COV2.S · Ad5-nCoV · ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 nidovirus · Gam-COVID-Vac → Nidovirales · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo · GRad-COV2 · VXA-CoV2-1 NIH FR: vecteur viral non répliquant → National Institutes of Health URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NBZ4R6BW-B

NK cell non-replicating virus → natural killer cell → non-replicant viral vector

NODS-COV-2 BT: French trial FR: NODS-COV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N4KMDZC1-S non-aluminum adjuvant BT: adjuvant NT: · AdvaxTM · ASO3 · Matrix-M™ · MF59 · toll-like receptor agonist FR: adjuvant non-aluminique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N9J5NPC1-W non-insulin-dependent diabetes → diabetes mellitus type 2

112 | Covid-19 Thesaurus NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2

non-structural protein non-structural protein 12 Syn: · nonstructural protein Syn: · RNA dependent RNA polymerase · nsp · RNA directed RNA polymerase BT: viral protein · RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NT: · non-structural protein 1 · RNA-directed RNA polymerase · non-structural protein 10 · RdRp · non-structural protein 11 · nsp12 · non-structural protein 12 BT: · non-structural protein · non-structural protein 13 · therapeutic target · non-structural protein 14 · viral protease · non-structural protein 15 RT: nucleoside analogue · non-structural protein 16 FR: protéine 12 non structurale · non-structural protein 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DKNKMKD9-K · non-structural protein 3 · non-structural protein 4 non-structural protein 13 · non-structural protein 5 · non-structural protein 6 Syn: · NTPase/helicase · non-structural protein 7 · nsp13 · non-structural protein 8 BT: · non-structural protein · non-structural protein 9 · viral protease RT: replication FR: protéine 13 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H2Q19N9V-H Viral nonstructural proteins are proteins coded for by the genome of the virus and are expressed in infected cells. However, these proteins are not assembled in the virion. During the replication of viruses, some non-structural protein 14 viral nonstructural proteins carry out important functions that affect the Syn: · 3'-to-5' exonuclease replication process itself. (Wikipedia) · 3′ to 5′ endonuclease, N7-methyltransferase FR: protéine non structurale · nsp14-ExoN URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D0D1317M-4 BT: non-structural protein EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_protein FR: protéine 14 non structurale https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BRPP1FWK-C non-structural protein 1 non-structural protein 15 Syn: · host translation inhibitor nsp1 Syn: · endoRNAse · leader protein · endoribonuclease · nsp1 · nsp15 BT: non-structural protein BT: non-structural protein RT: polyprotein 1a FR: protéine 15 non structurale FR: protéine 1 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H35H11CV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FQG79QP1-9

non-structural protein 16 non-structural protein 10 Syn: · 2′-O-Mtase Syn: nsp10 · 2′-O-ribose-methyltransferase BT: non-structural protein · nsp16 FR: protéine 10 non structurale BT: · non-structural protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HXXWRWBR-G · viral protease FR: protéine 16 non structurale non-structural protein 11 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NR888B7M-3 Syn: nsp11 BT: · non-structural protein non-structural protein 2 · viral protease Syn: nsp2 FR: protéine 11 non structurale BT: non-structural protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X0D6FWQ9-1 RT: polyprotein 1a FR: protéine 2 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MBMFQW7L-F

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 113 NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 3

non-structural protein 3 non invasive ventilation Syn: · nsp3 → non-invasive ventilation · papain like proteinase · papain-like protease noninvasive ventilation · plpro BT: · non-structural protein → non-invasive ventilation · viral protease RT: polyprotein 1a non receptor tyrosine protein kinase tyk2 FR: protéine 3 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SLCP7DLP-8 → tyrosine kinase 2 non-structural protein 4 nonstructural protein Syn: nsp4 → non-structural protein BT: non-structural protein RT: polyprotein 1a North America FR: protéine 4 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GNTJKB3S-C → North American subcontinent non-structural protein 5 North American subcontinent Syn: · 3C-like protease Syn: · Amérique du nord · 3C-like proteinase · North America · 3CL protease BT: American subcontinent · 3CLpro NT: · Canada · C30 Endopeptidase · Republic of Cuba · nsp5 · United States · protease 3CLpro FR: sous-continent nord-américain · proteinase 3CL-pRO URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SRMP17SV-4 BT: · non-structural protein · viral protease nosocomial transmission RT: polyprotein 1a FR: protéine 5 non structurale BT: human to human transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q4VZZ3Q2-K FR: transmission nosocomiale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N48TSWNM-6 non-structural protein 6 Syn: nsp6 BT: non-structural protein BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: polyprotein 1a RT: NVX-CoV2373 FR: protéine 6 non structurale Novavax, Inc. is an American vaccine development company URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NNXZL2ZZ-K headquartered in Gaithersburg, Maryland, with additional facilities in Rockville, Maryland and Uppsala, Sweden. (Wikipédia) non-structural protein 7 FR: Novavax URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B53NW754-R Syn: nsp7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax BT: non-structural protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax RT: polyprotein 1a FR: protéine 7 non structurale novel-coronavirus disease-2019 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WZTWHC0X-3 → coronavirus disease 2019 non-structural protein 8 novel chinese coronavirus Syn: nsp8 BT: non-structural protein → SARS-CoV-2 RT: polyprotein 1a FR: protéine 8 non structurale novel coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NPKM44KM-S → SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 9 Syn: nsp9 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia BT: non-structural protein → coronavirus disease 2019 FR: protéine 9 non structurale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RQC6H1MV-6

114 | Covid-19 Thesaurus NUCLEIC ACID VACCINE

novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan nsp3 → coronavirus disease 2019 → non-structural protein 3 novel coronavirus pneumonia nsp4 → coronavirus disease 2019 → non-structural protein 4 novel human betacoronavirus lineage c nsp5 → MERS-CoV → non-structural protein 5

N protein nsp6 Syn: · nucleocapsid peptide → non-structural protein 6 · nucleocapsid phosphoprotein · nucleocapsid protein nsp7 · nucleoprotein BT: structural protein → non-structural protein 7 RT: · capsid · ELISA N assay nsp8 · ORF9b · viral antigen → non-structural protein 8 FR: protéine N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KTDBK69T-K nsp9 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV#Prot%C3%A9ine_N → non-structural protein 9 nsp → non-structural protein NTPase/helicase → non-structural protein 13 nsp1 → non-structural protein 1 nucleic acid BT: genome NT: RNA nsp10 RT: molecular assay → non-structural protein 10 Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. The term nucleic acid is the overall name for nsp11 DNA and RNA. (Wikipedia) → non-structural protein 11 FR: acide nucléique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T2CNZF42-M EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid nsp12 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_nucl%C3%A9ique → non-structural protein 12 nucleic acid test nsp13 → molecular assay → non-structural protein 13 nucleic acid testing nsp14-ExoN → molecular assay → non-structural protein 14 nucleic acid vaccine nsp15 BT: vaccine candidate NT: · DNA vaccine → non-structural protein 15 · RNA vaccine RT: · DNA nsp16 · RNA FR: vaccin à base d'acide nucléique → non-structural protein 16 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HDCCRH1K-G nsp2 → non-structural protein 2

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 115 NUCLEOCAPSID

nucleocapsid nursing home BT: virion Syn: · French residential care for senior The capsid and inner genome is called the nucleocapsid. (Wikipedia) · établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes FR: nucléocapside BT: confined indoor space URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JCC95CMH-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid An Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capside (also called EHPAD) is the most widespread type of French Residential care for senior citizens. (Wikipedia) nucleocapsid peptide FR: établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes → N protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L1TC8J76-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_d%27h %C3%A9bergement_pour_personnes_%C3%A2g nucleocapsid phosphoprotein %C3%A9es_d%C3%A9pendantes → N protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_d%27h %C3%A9bergement_pour_personnes_%C3%A2g %C3%A9es_d%C3%A9pendantes nucleocapsid protein → N protein NVX-CoV2373 Syn: · F ull length recombinant SARS CoV-2 gly- coprotein nanoparticle vaccine NucleoCov2 · SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein BT: French trial Nanoparticle Vaccine RT: nucleoside analogue BT: subunit vaccine FR: NucleoCov2 RT: · Matrix-M™ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G4BLNVSC-6 · Novavax NVX-CoV2373 is a full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nucleoprotein nanoparticle vaccine. Haute Autorité de Santé. "Strategie de vaccination → N protein contre le SARS-CoV-2.". (Retrieved 08/12/2020, from https://www.has- sante.fr/) FR: NVX-CoV2373 nucleoside analogue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BGVB935B-4 BT: antiviral NT: · adenosine nucleoside analogue · b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine Nyctereutes procyonoides · galidesivir Syn: raccoon dog · ganciclovir BT: · intermediate host · ribavirin · mammal RT: · non-structural protein 12 FR: Nyctereutes procyonoides · NucleoCov2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T9K6VR1L-W Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can be used in therapeutic drugs, include a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. (Wikipedia) FR: analogue nucléoside URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SL3BQ82P-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_analogue https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_de_nucl%C3%A9osides nursing care management BT: intensive care unit NT: plan-do-check-act cycle FR: management des soins infirmiers URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P5W269QN-8

116 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ORF1A

open reading frame Syn: · ORF O · protein coding region BT: genome NT: · ORF1 obese gene product · ORF10 → leptin · ORF2 · ORF3a · ORF3b obese protein · ORF4 → leptin · ORF5 · ORF6 · ORF7a obesity · ORF7b BT: · chronic disease · ORF8a · metabolic disease · ORF8b NT: · body mass index · ORF9b · waist-hip ratio In molecular genetics, an open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated reading frame that has the ability to be translated. (Wikipedia) to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. (Wikipedia) FR: cadre de lecture ouvert FR: obésité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QJG64NG5-8 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VWW391M4-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_reading_frame EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_de_lecture_ouvert https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C3%A9sit%C3%A9 open reading frame 1 ob gene product → ORF1 → leptin ORF ob protein → open reading frame → leptin ORF1 occupational transmission Syn: open reading frame 1 BT: human to human transmission BT: open reading frame FR: transmission professionnelle NT: · ORF1a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q3X19LXV-F · ORF1ab · ORF1b · slippery sequence O clade FR: ORF1 BT: SARS-CoV-2 clade URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DX78Q397-8 FR: clade O URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KRHZ0D37-F ORF10 BT: open reading frame olfaction disorder FR: ORF10 BT: neurologic manifestation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BC5FWDRN-W NT: anosmia FR: trouble de l'olfaction URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L0XDM5TZ-Q ORF10 protein → protein 10

ORF1a BT: ORF1 RT: polyprotein 1a FR: ORF1a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CRLXL2XB-1

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 117 ORF1AB

ORF1ab ORF7a BT: ORF1 BT: open reading frame RT: · Coronavirinae FR: ORF7a · polyprotein 1ab URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZWD0CJ73-F FR: ORF1ab URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D79F2W2W-W ORF7a protein → protein 7a ORF1b BT: ORF1 RT: Coronavirinae ORF7b FR: ORF1b BT: open reading frame URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L0R9L6HL-L FR: ORF7b URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J4JZLMDB-J

ORF2 ORF7b protein BT: open reading frame RT: spike protein → protein 7b FR: ORF2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PWH5N9M0-7 ORF8a BT: open reading frame ORF3a FR: ORF8a BT: open reading frame URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z3ZTJ4QL-S RT: V clade FR: ORF3a ORF8a protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F5HNT7ZM-B → protein 8a

ORF3a protein → protein 3a ORF8b BT: open reading frame FR: ORF8b ORF3b URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W7DM6PFD-J BT: open reading frame FR: ORF3b ORF8b protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SWJCQJ00-J → protein 8b

ORF3b protein → protein 3b ORF9b BT: open reading frame RT: N protein ORF4 FR: ORF9b BT: open reading frame URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LVV5CG2F-5 RT: E protein FR: ORF4 ORF9b protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C8DJVP93-N → protein 9b ORF5 BT: open reading frame organ RT: M protein BT: viral tropism FR: ORF5 NT: · heart URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B80FM6QD-9 · intestine · kidney · respiratory system ORF6 FR: organe BT: open reading frame URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D5RJ82T6-B FR: ORF6 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PPNTM7W5-M organisation → ORF6 protein organization → protein 6

118 | Covid-19 Thesaurus OUTBREAK

organization orthomyxovirus Syn: organisation → Orthomyxoviridae BT: public health NT: · American organization orthomyxoviruses · Australian organization · Brazilian organization → Orthomyxoviridae · Canadian organization · Chinese organization orthomyxovirus infection · Cuban organization · European organization → Orthomyxoviridae infection · French organization · German organization orthomyxovirus type A · Indian organization → influenza A virus · international organization · Italian organization · Japanese organization orthomyxovirus type B · Kazakh organization → influenza B virus · Russian organization · South Korean organization · Taiwanese organization oseltamivir · Thai organization BT: protease inhibitor · UK organization Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, a competitive inhibitor of An organization, or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling influenza's neuraminidase enzyme. The enzyme cleaves the sialic acid differences), is an entity – such as a company, an institution, or an which is found on glycoproteins on the surface of human cells that helps association – comprising one or more people and having a particular new virions to exit the cell. Thus oseltamivir prevents new viral particles purpose. from being released. (Wikipedia) FR: organisme FR: oséltamivir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CM8HD969-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WHJVC5GX-J EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir oropharyngeal swab outbreak BT: swab BT: epidemic FR: écouvillonnage oropharyngé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZFTFHG18-Q In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89couvillon_(outil) disease in a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. (Wikipedia) Orthomyxoviridae FR: flambée Syn: · orthomyxovirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G1XW7NXM-P · orthomyxoviruses EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_outbreak BT: respiratory virus NT: influenza virus overall effect of the vaccine Orthomyxoviridae (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for "straight"; μύξα, mýxa, → overall vaccine effectiveness Greek for "mucus") is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses. It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus, Betainfluenzavirus, Deltainfluenzavirus, Gammainfluenzavirus, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and overall impact of the vaccine Quaranjavirus. (Wikipedia) → overall vaccine effectiveness FR: Orthomyxoviridae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RLHSGS9V-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae

Orthomyxoviridae infection Syn: orthomyxovirus infection BT: viral respiratory illness NT: human flu FR: infection à Orthomyxoviridae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HJ4X98J7-D

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 119 OVERALL VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS

overall vaccine effectiveness Syn: · overall effect of the vaccine · overall impact of the vaccine BT: vaccine protective effect « Overall effectiveness of a vaccination program is defined as the reduction in the transmission rate for an average individual in a population with a vaccination program at a given level of coverage compared to an average individual in a comparable population with no vaccination program. Thus, the overall effectiveness takes into account benefits accrued by both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, and it is the measure most commonly used to evaluate the impact of a mass vaccination program at the population level. » Shim, E. and Galvani A.P. (2012). "Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness." Vaccine 30(47): 6700-6705. FR: efficacité vaccinale globale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BN4TMNM7-V over the age of 60 years Syn: > 60 years old BT: age FR: plus de 60 ans URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QDDGGXH4-3

Oxford University → University of Oxford

Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine → AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine oxygen inhalation therapy → oxygen therapy oxygenotherapy → oxygen therapy oxygen therapy Syn: · oxygen inhalation therapy · oxygenotherapy BT: respiratory therapy NT: hyperbaric oxygen therapy FR: oxygénothérapie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JW33JP85-3

120 | Covid-19 Thesaurus PARATOPE

Paramyxoviridae Syn: · paramyxovirus P · paramyxoviruses BT: respiratory virus NT: Paramyxovirinae P681H mutation Paramyxoviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA BT: mutation in S gene viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates serve as natural RT: VUI-202012/01 hosts; no known plants serve as vectors. Currently, Paramyxoviridae FR: mutation P681H has four subfamilies, 17 genera, and 77 species, three genera of which URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DPNTWF7Q-Q are unassigned to a subfamily. Diseases associated with this family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections. (Wikipedia) FR: Paramyxoviridae PACT URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PHKF20RL-M → Private Automated Contact Tracing EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridae https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramyxoviridae

Paguma larvata Paramyxoviridae infection Syn: · civet cat BT: viral respiratory illness · masked palm civets NT: · Paramyxovirinae infection · palm civet · pneumovirus infection BT: · intermediate host FR: infection à Paramyxoviridae · mammal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LZ6XWB5K-2 RT: SARS-CoV FR: Paguma larvata URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F9NPGFXD-H Paramyxovirinae BT: Paramyxoviridae palm civet NT: respirovirus FR: Paramyxovirinae → Paguma larvata URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H6ZN6MZG-R pandemic Paramyxovirinae infection Syn: worldwide outbreak BT: Paramyxoviridae infection BT: epidemic NT: · respirovirus infection NT: coronavirus disease 2019 · rubulavirus infection A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "people") FR: infection à Paramyxovirinae is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GPHQK3PX-3 large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. (Wikipedia) paramyxovirus FR: pandémie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G7JC28D6-B → Paramyxoviridae EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie paramyxoviruses → Paramyxoviridae pangolin → Manidae paratope Syn: antigen-binding site papain-like protease BT: antibody → non-structural protein 3 A paratope, also called an antigen-binding site, is a part of an antibody which recognizes and binds to an antigen. It is a small region (of 5 to 10 papain like proteinase amino acids) of the antibody's Fab region, part of the fragment antigen- binding (Fab region), and contains parts of the antibody's heavy and → non-structural protein 3 light chains. (Wikipedia) FR: paratope URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KRK6K3S7-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratope https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratope

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 121 PASTEUR INSTITUTE

Pasteur Institute patient most at risk BT: French institute → high risk patient RT: TMV-083 / V591 The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit patient zero private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made → index case some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The pattern-recognition receptor institute was founded on June 4, 1887, and inaugurated on November 14, 1888. (Wikipedia) → pattern recognition receptor FR: Institut Pasteur URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VXJC5S47-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute pattern recognition receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pasteur Syn: · PRR · pattern-recognition receptor BT: bitopic protein pathogen-associated molecular pattern NT: · RIG-I-like receptor BT: viral protein · Toll-like receptor These molecules can be referred to as small molecular motifs Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the proper conserved within a class of microbes. They are recognized by toll-like function of the innate immune system. PRRs are germline-encoded host receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both sensors, which detect molecules typical for the pathogens. They are plants and animals. (Wikipedia) proteins expressed, mainly, by cells of the innate immune system, such FR: motif moléculaire associé aux pathogènes as dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and epithelial URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NKWXSBQB-1 cells, to identify two classes of molecules: pathogen-associated EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen- molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are associated with microbial associated_molecular_pattern pathogens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_mol%C3%A9culaire_associ which are associated with components of host's cells that are released %C3%A9_aux_pathog%C3%A8nes during cell damage or death. (Wikipedia) FR: récepteur de reconnaissance de motifs pathogen-specific aAPC moléculaires URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CNB525MT-S Syn: · Covid-19 Coronavirus Artificial Antigen EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor Presenting Cell Vaccine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R · artificial antigen -Pathogen-specific vaccine %C3%A9cepteur_de_reconnaissance_de_motifs_mol · pathogen-specific artificial antigen-presenting %C3%A9culaires cell BT: lentivirus vaccine vector pauci-symptomatic patient RT: Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute BT: indication Vaccine constructed through modifications of lentivirus by including FR: patient pauci-symptomatique immune modulatory genes along with viral minigenes, and antigens are URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M5F2THT9-X presented on artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs). Kaur, S. P. and Gupta, V. (2020). "COVID-19 Vaccine: A comprehensive status report." Virus Research 288: 198114. pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome FR: pathogen-specific aAPC BT: systemic inflammatory response syndrome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LCSZTLPS-N RT: child Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS / PIMS), or pathogen-specific artificial antigen-presenting cell multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is a systemic disorder involving persistent fever, inflammation and organ dysfunction → pathogen-specific aAPC following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. (Wikipedia) pathogenicity FR: syndrome inflammatoire multi-systémique Syn: · infectivity pédiatrique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RQ2TVTG2-W · virulence EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ BT: viral life cycle Paediatric_multisystem_inflammatory_syndrome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_inflammatoire_multisyst Pathogenicity is the potential disease-causing capacity of pathogens. %C3%A9mique_chez_les_enfants (Wikipedia)

FR: pathogénicité peplomer URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZTP7T0NW-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen → spike protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_infectieux#Pouvoir_pathog %C3%A8ne

122 | Covid-19 Thesaurus PHAGOCYTOSIS

PEPP-PT consortium Pfizer, INC → consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving → Pfizer Proximity Tracing Pfizer, Inc period of communicability → Pfizer → communicable period PFIZER INC person-to-person spread → Pfizer → human to human transmission Pfizer INC person-to-person transmission → Pfizer → human to human transmission Pfizer Inc personal protective equipment → Pfizer Syn: personal protective measure BT: prevention NT: goggles phagocyte RT: healthcare worker Syn: phagocytic cell BT: innate immune cell At the European Union level, personal protective equipment is governed NT: · dendritic cell by Directive 89/686/EEC on personal protective equipment (PPE). The Directive is designed to ensure that PPE meets common quality and · macrophage safety standards by setting out basic safety requirements for personal · neutrophil protective equipment, as well as conditions for its placement on the Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign market and free movement within the EU single market. It covers ‘any particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from device or appliance designed to be worn or held by an individual for the Greek phagein, "to eat" or "devour", and "-cyte", the suffix in protection against one or more health and safety hazards. (Wikipedia) biology denoting "cell", from the Greek kutos, "hollow vessel". They are FR: équipement de protection individuelle essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. https:// URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XTGCHJ84-3 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ FR: phagocyte %C3%89quipement_de_protection_individuelle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WSRGDR4P-S personal protective measure phagocytic cell → personal protective equipment → phagocyte

Pfizer phagocytosis Syn: · PFIZER INC BT: innate immunity function · PFIZER, INC FR: phagocytose · Pfizer INC URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R6TKBCS9-S · Pfizer Inc · Pfizer, INC · Pfizer, Inc BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: 3 LNP-mRNAs Pfizer Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation. It is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies and ranked 57 on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. (Wikipédia) FR: Pfizer URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WT8VKXXR-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer

PFIZER, INC → Pfizer

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 123 PHARMACOVIGILANCE

pharmacovigilance phase 3 BT: health system BT: phase NT: vaccine adverse event Final confirmation of safety and efficacy. (Wikipedia) RT: vaccine safety FR: phase 3 Pharmacovigilance also known as drug safety, is the pharmacological URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K85JM164-K science relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phases and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products. The https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#Phase_III etymological roots for the word "pharmacovigilance" are: pharmakon (Greek for drug) and vigilare (Latin for to keep watch). As such, pharmacovigilance heavily focuses on adverse drug reactions, or ADRs, phase 4 which are defined as any response to a drug which is noxious and BT: phase unintended, including lack of efficacy (the condition that this definition only applies with the doses normally used for the prophylaxis, diagnosis Postmarketing studies delineate risks, benefits, and optimal use. As or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological disorder such, they are ongoing during the drug's lifetime of active medical use function was excluded with the latest amendment of the applicable (Wikipedia) legislation). FR: phase 4 FR: pharmacovigilance URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DSB0XBWD-5 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QS5NXXC0-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phases EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacovigilance https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#Phase_IV https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacovigilance

PHB1 phase → prohibitin 1 BT: clinical trial NT: · marketing authorization PHB2 · phase 1 · phase 2 → prohibitin 2 · phase 3 · phase 4 RT: vaccine candidate phylogenetic analysis Syn: · phylogenetic assessment Clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into five · phylogenetic study phases. Each phase of the drug approval process is treated as a BT: genome separate clinical trial. (Wikipedia) FR: analyse phylogénétique FR: phase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZK27XJSQ-K URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W4G74GN8-R EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phases https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#Phases phylogenetic assessment → phylogenetic analysis phase 1 BT: phase phylogenetic study Screening for safety. Often are first-in-person trials. Testing within a → phylogenetic analysis small group of people (typically 20–80) to evaluate safety, determine safe dosage ranges, and identify side effects. (Wikipedia) physical distancing FR: phase 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DRP9SDW3-Q Syn: · sanitary distancing EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phases · https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#Phase_I BT: barrier measure In public health, social distancing, also called physical distancing, is phase 2 a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions or measures intended to BT: phase prevent the spread of a contagious disease by maintaining a physical distance between people and reducing the number of times people Establishing the preliminary efficacy of the drug in a "treatment group", come into close contact with each other. (Wikipedia) usually against a placebo control group. (Wikipedia) FR: distanciation physique FR: phase 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VWX7HZ6F-K URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z7PWGHDS-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phases https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanciation_physique https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#Phase_II

physical inactivity → sedentary lifestyle

124 | Covid-19 Thesaurus POLYINOSINIC-POLYCYTIDYLIC ACID

PiCoVacc® pneumocyte → CoronaVac Syn: alveolar cell BT: cell type NT: type II pneumocyte plan-do-check-act cycle RT: · lung Syn: Deming wheel · lung parenchyma BT: nursing care management There are three major types of alveolar cell. Two types are pneumocytes PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative or pneumonocytes known as type I and type II cells found in the alveolar four-step management method used in business for the control and wall, and a large phagocytic cell known as an alveolar macrophage that continuous improvement of processes and products. It is also known moves about in the lumens of the alveoli, and in the connective tissue as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, the Shewhart cycle, the control circle/ between them. (Wikipedia) cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA). (Wikipedia) FR: pneumocyte FR: méthode de gestion de la qualité dite PDCA URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KRDWSB6N-M URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZL68GQ00-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDCA https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocyte https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roue_de_Deming

pneumonia Plaquenil® BT: lower respiratory tract infection → hydroxychloroquine NT: · acute pneumonia · community acquired pneumonia plasma B cell · severe pneumonia · viral pneumonia → plasma cell FR: pneumopathie infectieuse URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B0K5MT6H-8 plasma cell Syn: plasma B cell Pneumovirinae BT: B lymphocyte BT: respiratory virus RT: antibody NT: respiratory syncytial virus Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, are white blood cells that FR: Pneumovirinae originate in the bone marrow and secrete large quantities of proteins URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PV7ZK758-J called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens. (Wikipedia) pneumovirus infection FR: plasmocyte BT: Paramyxoviridae infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MMBR1P6B-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell NT: respiratory syncytial virus infection https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmocyte FR: infection à pneumovirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M36DJTH8-B plasma therapy Poly I:C BT: candidate treatment NT: Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy → Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid FR: plasmathérapie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L4FZK94S-0 Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid Syn: · Poly I:C pleural fluid · Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid BT: specimen BT: toll-like receptor 3 agonist FR: liquide pleural Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C or poly(I:C)) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M7K3QB43-L is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections. Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like plpro receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed at the endosomal membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally → non-structural protein 3 similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system. (Wikipédia) FR: acide polyinosinique-polycytidylique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C20JKM3D-5 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_polyinosinique-polycytidylique https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=%22Poly %28I%29%E2%80%A2Poly%28C%29%22

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 125 POLYPROTEIN

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid positive-strand RNA virus → Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid Syn: · +ssRNA virus · +ssRNA viruses BT: RNA virus polymorphonuclear leukocyte NT: Nidovirales → granulocyte Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of polypeptide chains ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the → immunoglobulin protein chain host cell's ribosomes. (Wikipedia) FR: virus à ARN à simple brin à polarité positive polyprotein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QXBWSPRR-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-strand_RNA_virus BT: viral protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_ NT: · polyprotein 1a %C3%A0_ARN#Groupe_IV_:_virus_%C3%A0_ARN_monocat · polyprotein 1ab %C3%A9naire_%C3%A0_polarit %C3%A9_positive_((+)ssRNA) FR: polyprotéine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DR2VTB3X-X EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyprot%C3%A9ine positive pressure respiration → positive pressure ventilation polyprotein 1a Syn: pp1a BT: polyprotein positive pressure ventilation RT: · non-structural protein 1 Syn: · positive pressure respiration · non-structural protein 2 · positive-pressure respirations · non-structural protein 3 · positive-pressure ventilation · non-structural protein 4 BT: mechanical ventilation · non-structural protein 5 NT: continuous positive airway pressure · non-structural protein 6 FR: ventilation à pression positive · non-structural protein 7 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QNLZ014P-G EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_m · non-structural protein 8 %C3%A9canique_en_m%C3%A9decine · ORF1a FR: polyprotéine 1a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RKT87ZW4-S positive sense single stranded RNA Syn: · positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome · positive-sense single-stranded genomic RNA polyprotein 1ab · postive strand RNA Syn: · 1 ab polyprotein · single-stranded, positive-sense RNA · pp1ab BT: viral RNA BT: polyprotein NT: SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT: ORF1ab FR: ARN positif simple brin FR: polyprotéine 1ab URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KRT2VQ73-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BSXK4S11-Z

post-traumatic stress disorder population immunity BT: psychological disorder → herd immunity Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as sexual positive-pressure respirations assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, or other threats on a person's life. (Wikipedia) → positive pressure ventilation FR: syndrome post-traumatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RHK4H30G-T positive-pressure ventilation EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_de_stress_post-traumatique → positive pressure ventilation

post-vaccination adverse event positive-sense single-stranded genomic RNA → vaccine adverse event → positive sense single stranded RNA

post-vaccination adverse events positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome → vaccine adverse event → positive sense single stranded RNA

126 | Covid-19 Thesaurus PRIMARY PREVENTION

post-vaccine adverse event prevalence → vaccine adverse event BT: health indicator Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population post-vaccine adverse events found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seat-belt use) at a specific time. It is derived → vaccine adverse event by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied, and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. postive strand RNA (Wikipedia) → positive sense single stranded RNA FR: prévalence URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D3HDDM32-Q EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence poxvirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9valence BT: viral vector FR: poxvirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M4W0Z1CN-J prevention Syn: · prophylactic measure · prophylaxy pp1a · protective measure → polyprotein 1a BT: human to human transmission NT: · barrier measure pp1ab · confinement · isolation → polyprotein 1ab · movement restriction · personal protective equipment pregnant woman · primary prevention · quarantine Syn: pregnant women · quaternary prevention BT: exposure risk · secondary prevention FR: femme enceinte · tertiary prevention URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CF5TMXL5-C · travel restriction · vaccine pregnant women FR: prévention → pregnant woman URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SBLMXLVB-S

PREP COVID primary case BT: French trial BT: infection case RT: · azithromycin FR: cas primaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X59VFJ34-R · hydroxychloroquine FR: PREP COVID URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GV37ZQQH-S primary disease prevention → primary prevention presumptive case → suspicious case primary prevention Syn: primary disease prevention presymptomatic transmission BT: prevention BT: human to human transmission Methods to avoid occurrence of disease either through eliminating FR: transmission pré-symptomatique disease agents or increasing resistance to disease. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PXG1QSM3-S FR: prévention primaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WL5WWPG3-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Preventive_healthcare#Levels_of_prevention https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_primaire

primary source of infection → natural reservoir

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 127 PRIVATE AUTOMATED CONTACT TRACING

Private Automated Contact Tracing promising drug Syn: PACT → candidate drug BT: tracking protocol FR: Private Automated Contact Tracing prone position URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FHXH03MX-Q → prone positioning proangiotensin → angiotensin I prone positioning Syn: prone position BT: respiratory therapy probabilistic directed acyclic graphical model RT: acute respiratory distress syndrome → bayesian network FR: décubitus ventral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S4PGT6GT-B EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaquage_ventral probable case BT: infection case prophylactic measure FR: cas probable URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VT6MZH3K-Q → prevention procalcitonin prophylaxy BT: biochemical marker → prevention Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being involved with calcium homeostasis. The level of prospective study procalcitonin in the blood stream of healthy individuals is below the limit of detection (0.01 µg/L) of clinical assays. The level of procalcitonin rises BT: cohort study in a response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, especially of bacterial FR: étude prospective origin. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JJRQVV4H-9 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique# FR: procalcitonine %C3%89tude_prospective URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JV6ZJ4LV-B EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procalcitonin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procalcitonine protease 3CLpro → non-structural protein 5 progression Syn: · course protease inhibitor · infection course Syn: antiprotease BT: second phase of the disease BT: antiviral NT: · critically ill NT: · Janus kinase inhibitor · death · lopinavir · healing · oseltamivir · sequela · ritonavir FR: évolution · serine protease inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X96QCPHQ-G · umifenovir Protease inhibitors, or antiproteases, are molecules that inhibit the prohibitin 1 function of proteases (enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins). Syn: PHB1 (Wikipedia) BT: host cell protein FR: inhibiteur de protéase FR: prohibitine 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VB19Q0GR-W URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZXFM72VC-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(biology) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibiteur_de_prot%C3%A9ase prohibitin 2 Syn: PHB2 protective immunity BT: host cell protein BT: immunity FR: prohibitine 2 FR: immunité protectrice URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NCRDZD32-R URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H69VXCBD-N promiscuity protective measure → close contact → prevention

128 | Covid-19 Thesaurus PROTEIN SUB-UNIT

protein protein 9b → protein marker Syn: ORF9b protein BT: accessory protein FR: protéine 9b protein 10 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BCM1J3K8-G Syn: ORF10 protein BT: accessory protein proteinase 3CL-pRO FR: protéine 10 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q6TWH71F-T → non-structural protein 5 protein 3a protein coding region Syn: · ORF3a protein → open reading frame · protein U274 · protein X1 BT: accessory protein protein marker FR: protéine 3a Syn: protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KDZKGS90-R BT: virus-host interaction NT: · host cell protein · transmembrane protein protein 3b · viral protein Syn: ORF3b protein FR: marqueur protéique BT: accessory protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W94HVT3H-X FR: protéine 3b URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TV75ZL8K-R protein sub-unit BT: technology platform protein 6 RT: subunit vaccine Syn: ORF6 protein FR: sous-unité protéique BT: accessory protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TMGVJSL1-W FR: protéine 6 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PF093H0S-N protein sub-unit vaccine → subunit vaccine protein 7a Syn: ORF7a protein BT: accessory protein protein subunit vaccine FR: protéine 7a → subunit vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K17P2213-W

protein U274 protein 7b → protein 3a Syn: ORF7b protein BT: accessory protein FR: protéine 7b protein X1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NK49GL31-9 → protein 3a protein 8a prothrombin ratio Syn: · ORF8a protein → prothrombin time · viroporin 8a protein BT: accessory protein RT: SARS-CoV FR: protéine 8a URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FCSM18R5-K protein 8b Syn: ORF8b protein BT: accessory protein FR: protéine 8b URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CND7MMRX-M

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 129 PROTHROMBIN TIME

prothrombin time psychological disorder Syn: · INR Syn: · mental disorder · PT/INR · mental illness · prothrombin ratio · psychopathology BT: hematological marker BT: sequela The prothrombin time (PT) – along with its derived measures of NT: · depression prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) – are · post-traumatic stress disorder assays evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR. is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or (Wikipedia) impairment of personal functioning. (Wikipedia) FR: taux de prothrombine FR: trouble psychologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KXSWM6V7-Q URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H0K3QD7B-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothrombin_time EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taux_de_prothrombine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_psychique

Providence Health & Services psychopathology BT: U.S. association → psychological disorder RT: CORVax12

Providence Health & Services is a non-profit, Catholic health PT/INR care system operating multiple hospitals across eight states, with headquarters in Renton, Washington. The health system includes 51 → prothrombin time hospitals, more than 800 non-acute facilities and numerous other health, supportive housing and educational services in the states of the United States West Coast (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California) and public health Montana, New Mexico, and Texas. (Wikipédia) Syn: community health FR: Providence Health & Services NT: · contact URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D04VHGCZ-V · epidemic EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Health_%26_Services · epidemiology · health system province of China · organization · public health measure → Chinese province Public health has been defined as "the science and art of preventing disease”, prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized Province of Hubei efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals. (Wikipedia) → Hubei Province FR: santé publique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZTK93P8Q-Z PRR EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_publique → pattern recognition receptor

public health measure pseudovirus-based neutralization assay BT: public health Syn: pseudovirus neutralization assay NT: · barrier measure BT: serological testing · confinement FR: test de pseudo-neutralisation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N72M9NPJ-J · funeral · isolation · lockdown lifting pseudovirus neutralization assay · movement restriction → pseudovirus-based neutralization assay · quarantine · travel restriction · vaccination FR: mesure de santé publique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VVWPNHF6-2

pulmonary disease → lung disease

130 | Covid-19 Thesaurus PYROPTOSIS

pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy BT: intravascular coagulopathy FR: coagulopathie intravasculaire pulmonaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WH7KNWLF-8 pyroptoses → pyroptosis pyroptosis Syn: · caspase 1 dependent cell death · caspase-1 dependent cell death · inflammatory apoptoses · inflammatory apoptosis · pyroptoses · pyroptotic cell death · pyroptotic cell deaths BT: virus-host interaction Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication niches and enhancing the host's defensive responses. (Wikipedia) FR: pyroptose URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NTV031HZ-V EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroptosis pyroptotic cell death → pyroptosis pyroptotic cell deaths → pyroptosis

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 131 QAZCOVID-IN Q

QazCovid-in BT: inactivated vaccine RT: · inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus · Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems FR: QazCovid-in URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MRT7BMRS-T qPCR → real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative polymerase chain reaction → real-time polymerase chain reaction quarantine BT: · prevention · public health measure A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been exposed to a communicable disease, but do not have a confirmed medical diagnosis. (Wikipedia) FR: quarantaine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N7ZPBWTB-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantaine quaternary prevention BT: prevention The quaternary prevention, concept coined by the Belgian general practitioner Marc Jamoulle, are the actions taken to identify a patient at risk of overmedicalisation, to protect them from new medical invasion, and to suggest interventions which are ethically acceptable. (Wikipedia) FR: prévention quaternaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XDBVV95S-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_prevention https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_quaternaire

132 | Covid-19 Thesaurus REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

RBM R → receptor-binding motif RCP

R-848 → C reactive protein → resiquimod RdRp

R0 → non-structural protein 12 → basic reproduction number REACTing consortium raccoon dog BT: Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale → Nyctereutes procyonoides FR: consortium REACTing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S2Q115N4-5 rAd26-S+rAd5-S → Gam-COVID-Vac reactivation of the virus → viral reactivation Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy → Recovery real-time pcr assay → real-time polymerase chain reaction randomized controlled trial Syn: randomized control trial real-time polymerase chain reaction BT: clinical trial Syn: · qPCR A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a · quantitative polymerase chain reaction type of scientific (often medical) experiment that aims to reduce certain · real time polymerase chain reaction sources of bias when testing the effectiveness of new treatments; this · real time quantitative RTPCR is accomplished by randomly allocating subjects to two or more groups, · real-time RT-PCR treating them differently, and then comparing them with respect to a · real-time pcr assay measured response. (Wikipedia) · real-time viral RNA test FR: essai randomisé contrôlé BT: detecting viral RNA URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PZRVWJ42-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), also known https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_randomis%C3%A9_contr as quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), is a laboratory %C3%B4l%C3%A9 technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR (i.e., in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR. randomized control trial Real-time PCR can be used quantitatively (quantitative real-time PCR) → randomized controlled trial and semi-quantitatively (i.e., above/below a certain amount of DNA molecules) (semi-quantitative real-time PCR). (Wikipedia) FR: réaction de polymérisation en chaîne en temps réel RANTES URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M4GT34F6-K → chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real- time_polymerase_chain_reaction https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCR_quantitative rapid detection test → rapid screening test real-time RT-PCR → real-time polymerase chain reaction rapid screening test Syn: rapid detection test real-time viral RNA test BT: serological testing → real-time polymerase chain reaction FR: test diagnostique rapide URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VQXRX6FS-H real time polymerase chain reaction RBD → real-time polymerase chain reaction → receptor binding domain real time quantitative RTPCR → real-time polymerase chain reaction

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 133 REASSORTMENT

reassortment recombinant protein BT: genetic variation Syn: recombinant antigenic protein FR: réassortiment BT: technology platform URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R1P4D791-7 RT: recombinant cells vaccine FR: protéine recombinante URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SQXR8XKC-Z Reaven syndrome x EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine_recombinante → metabolic syndrome recombination receptor-binding motif Syn: genetic reshuffling Syn: · RBM BT: genetic variation · receptor binding motif NT: · heterologous recombination BT: receptor binding domain · homologous recombination The receptor-binding motif (RBM) is the main functional motif in the Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is composed of two regions (region exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads 1 and region 2) that form the interface between the S protein and human to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Yi, C., et al. (2020). found in either parent. (Wikipedia) "Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS- FR: recombinaison CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies." Cellular & URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CP7GTDFG-N Molecular Immunology 17(6): 621-630. EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination FR: motif de liaison au récepteur https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinaison_g%C3%A9n %C3%A9tique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P94XHT1N-H receptor binding domain Recovery Syn: RBD Syn: Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy BT: S1 subunit BT: British trial NT: receptor-binding motif RT: · azithromycin RT: · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 · dexamethasone · binding · hydroxychloroquine · epitope · lopinavir/ritonavir FR: domaine de liaison au récepteur The following treatments are allocated at random to hospitalized URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L8ZQ26NS-K people with severe COVID-19 infection: No additional treatments (i.e., standard hospital care) Lopinavir-Ritonavir (an HIV medication) Low-dose Dexamethasone (a steroid, which reduces inflammation) receptor binding motif Hydroxychloroquine (used to treat malaria and rheumatism) → receptor-binding motif Azithromycin (an antibiotic) Tocilizumab (an anti-inflammatory) Convalescent plasma (blood plasma from people who have recovered from COVID-19 and which may contain antibodies against the SARS- recombinant antigenic protein CoV-2 virus). (Wikipedia) → recombinant protein FR: Recovery URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GCBMNT8G-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial recombinant cells vaccine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_(essai_clinique) BT: vaccine candidate NT: · bacTRL-Spike rectal swab · Covid-19/aAPC BT: swab · LV-SMENP-DC FR: écouvillonnage rectal RT: recombinant protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TTGPBV73-0 FR: vaccin à cellules recombinantes URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RX4QCFQQ-D regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted → Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 Syn: Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBDDimer) BT: subunit vaccine reinfection RT: Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical BT: contagiousness FR: Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) FR: réinfection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XKM74C1X-G URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RSNWVZ6N-T

Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine (Adenovirus Type 5 Vector) → Ad5-nCoV

134 | Covid-19 Thesaurus REPUBLIC OF CUBA

ReiThera renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system BT: Italian pharmaceutical laboratory BT: · hydro-sodium homeostasis RT: · GRad-COV2 · therapeutic target · Italy NT: · angiotensin I FR: ReiThera · angiotensin II URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KFP5TFBC-7 The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood relative risk pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as systemic vascular resistance (Wikipedia) BT: health indicator FR: système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone The relative risk (RR) or risk ratio is the ratio of the probability of an URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QXLB4L4C-V outcome in an exposed group to the probability of an outcome in an EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin unexposed group. (Wikipedia) %E2%80%93angiotensin_system https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_r%C3%A9nine- FR: risque relatif angiotensine-aldost%C3%A9rone URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FC33MXN4-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_risk https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risque_relatif replicant viral vector Syn: replicating virus reliability BT: viral vector BT: test FR: vecteur viral répliquant NT: · sensitivity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WZRBK2CZ-0 · specificity FR: fiabilité replicating virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NS0BW1RD-V → replicant viral vector remdesivir replication BT: adenosine nucleoside analogue RT: · Discovery BT: viral life cycle · Solidarity RT: · lung parenchyma · non-structural protein Remdesivir, sold under the brand name Veklury, is a broad-spectrum antiviral medication developed by the biopharmaceutical company Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection Gilead Sciences. It is administered via injection into a vein. Remdesivir process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before is being tested as a treatment for COVID#19, and has been authorized viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies for emergency use in the US, India, Singapore, and approved for use of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting in Japan, the European Union, and Australia for people with severe new hosts. (Wikipedia) symptoms. (Wikipedia) FR: réplication FR: remdésivir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P2NBMBB8-S EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JDX1LN53-7 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9plication_virale EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remdesivir https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remd%C3%A9sivir reproduction number over time renal failure → effective reproduction number BT: chronic disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there reptile is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months to years. → Reptilia (Wikipedia) FR: insuffisance rénale chronique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DH476J7Z-9 Reptilia EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease Syn: reptile https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuffisance_r %C3%A9nale_chronique BT: animal NT: · Serpentes · testudine renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system derangement FR: Reptilia → imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SJRL0SCF-D renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) derangement Republic of Cuba → imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Syn: Cuba BT: North American subcontinent FR: République de Cuba URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LT2CSP58-F

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 135 RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL SAFETY PROBLEMS

Republic of India respiratory epithelial cell → India BT: epithelial cell RT: upper respiratory tract FR: cellule épithéliale respiratoire Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BF463BZ7-J BT: Kazakh research organization RT: QazCovid-in respiratory sign FR: Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LBW2Q67G-G → respiration manifestation resiquimod respiratory symptom Syn: R-848 → respiration manifestation BT: toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist Resiquimod (R-848) is a drug that acts as an immune response modifier, respiratory syncytial virus and has antiviral and antitumour activity. It is used as a topical gel in the treatment of skin lesions such as those caused by the herpes simplex BT: Pneumovirinae virus and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and as an adjuvant to increase Human orthopneumovirus (also known as human respiratory syncytial the effectiveness of vaccines. (Wikipédia) virus, or HRSV, or just RSV) is a virus that causes respiratory tract FR: resiquimod infections, with the infected cells of the mucosa fusing together to form URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K3QLS2TJ-V a syncytium. It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiquimod hospital visits during infancy and childhood. (Wikipedia) FR: virus respiratoire syncytial URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZG1J814Q-G resistin EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_orthopneumovirus Syn: · adipocyte cysteine rich secreted protein FIZZ3 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_respiratoire_syncytial · adipocyte cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3 BT: adipokine respiratory syncytial virus infection Resistin also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) BT: pneumovirus infection or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich FR: infection à virus respiratoire syncytial protein (XCP1) is a cysteine-rich peptide hormone derived from adipose URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J81NSB9J-6 tissue that in humans is encoded by the RETN gene. (Wikipedia) FR: résistine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SRTVZTR0-H respiratory system EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistin Syn: · respiratory apparatus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sistine · ventilatory system BT: organ respiration disorder NT: · lung → respiration manifestation · upper respiratory tract FR: appareil respiratoire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HSD5NH13-B respiration manifestation Syn: · respiration disorder respiratory system droplets · respiratory sign → droplets transmission · respiratory symptom BT: first phase of the disease NT: · dry cough respiratory therapy · dyspnea BT: support treatment · sneezing NT: · artificial respiration · upper respiratory tract infection · extracorporeal membrane oxygenation FR: manifestation respiratoire · oxygen therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F1PPPKH2-B · prone positioning FR: traitement respiratoire respiratory apparatus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T2TT9K4B-9 → respiratory system respiratory droplets BT: transmission mode FR: gouttelettes respiratoires URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LRVQPM01-7

136 | Covid-19 Thesaurus RHINOLOPHUS SINICUS

respiratory virus reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal BT: virus amplification NT: · Coronavirinae Syn: RT-LAMP · Orthomyxoviridae BT: DNA amplification · Paramyxoviridae NT: salivary test · Pneumovirinae Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT- FR: virus respiratoire LAMP) is a one step nucleic acid amplification method to multiply URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LD870RMG-W specific sequences of RNA. It is used to diagnose infectious disease caused by RNA viruses. (Wikipedia) respirovirus FR: amplification isotherme médiée par boucle de BT: Paramyxovirinae transcription inverse NT: · human parainfluenza virus type 1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NHLR8XVS-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Transcription_Loop- · human parainfluenza virus type 3 mediated_Isothermal_Amplification FR: respirovirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplification_isotherme_m URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QJFLLNGV-P %C3%A9di%C3%A9e_par_les_boucles respirovirus infection reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction BT: Paramyxovirinae infection → reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction FR: infection à respirovirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H2RVB07B-C rhinitides → retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor rhinitis → RIG-I-like receptor rhinitis Syn: · nasal catarrh retrospective study · rhinitides BT: cohort study · rhinorrhea FR: étude rétrospective BT: upper respiratory tract infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F81BHWJD-7 FR: rhinite EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_clinique#%C3%89tude_r URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WDKJZC4V-F %C3%A9trospective reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Rhinolophus affinis Syn: · RT-PCR BT: horseshoe bat · reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction FR: Rhinolophus affinis URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZCDDWK6S-6 · reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction BT: detecting viral RNA Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA → Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is primarily used to measure the amount of a specific RNA. (Wikipedia) Rhinolophus ferrumequinum FR: réaction en chaîne par polymérase après Syn: · Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum transcription inverse · greater horseshoe bat URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZKV8QHSL-T BT: horseshoe bat EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ FR: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NHZTDWRP-8 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9action_en_cha %C3%AEne_par_polym%C3%A9rase#RT-PCR Rhinolophus sinicus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Syn: Chinese horseshoe bat → reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction BT: horseshoe bat FR: Rhinolophus sinicus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q9TX9VBM-N

rhinopharyngeal swab → nasopharyngeal swab

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 137 RIBAVIRIN

rhinorrhea risk–benefit ratio → rhinitis → benefit-risk balance ribavirin ritonavir BT: nucleoside analogue BT: protease inhibitor Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to Ritonavir was originally developed as an inhibitor of HIV protease, one treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral hemorrhagic fevers. of a family of pseudo-C2-symmetric small molecule inhibitors. Ritonavir (Wikipedia) is now rarely used for its own antiviral activity but remains widely used as a booster of other protease inhibitors. More specifically, ritonavir is FR: ribavirine used to inhibit a particular enzyme, in intestines, liver, and elsewhere, URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CRV73W4P-V that normally metabolizes protease inhibitors, cytochrome P450-3A4 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribavirin https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribavirine (CYP3A4). (Wikipedia) FR: ritonavir URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W85D2LV8-N ribonucleic acid EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritonavir → RNA https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritonavir ribosomal frameshifting RNA Syn: · translational frameshifting Syn: ribonucleic acid · translational recoding BT: · nucleic acid BT: transcription · technology platform NT: viral RNA Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or RT: nucleic acid vaccine translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various a single mRNA. (Wikipedia) biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids. (Wikipedia) FR: décalage ribosomique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KGBDS2NT-T FR: ARN EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_frameshift URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QX7ZQJ7T-B https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA %C3%A9calage_du_cadre_de_lecture https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique

RIG-I-like receptor RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Syn: retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor → non-structural protein 12 BT: pattern recognition receptor NT: MDA-5 receptor RNA-directed RNA polymerase FR: récepteur de type RIG-I URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S5GLH2QC-W → non-structural protein 12 risk exposure area RNA dependent RNA polymerase NT: continent → non-structural protein 12 FR: zone d’exposition à risque URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZHDL0SNV-Z RNA directed RNA polymerase → non-structural protein 12 risk factor Syn: determinant BT: high risk patient RNA transcripts NT: · age → transcriptome · comorbidity · confined indoor space · immunologic deficiency RNA vaccination · lifestyle → RNA vaccine RT: hospitalization A risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased RNA vaccine risk of disease or infection. (Wikipedia) Syn: RNA vaccination FR: facteur de risque BT: nucleic acid vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J8CTFJ45-4 NT: mRNA vaccine EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_factor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_de_risque FR: vaccin à ARN URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DLXGWGMW-6

138 | Covid-19 Thesaurus RUSSIAN RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

RNA virus Russian ministry BT: virus BT: Russian organization NT: positive-strand RNA virus NT: Health Ministry of the Russian Federation An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA (ribonucleic acid) as its genetic FR: ministère russe URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H2T2Q68W-B material. This nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) but may be double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). (Wikipedia) FR: virus à ARN Russian organization URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KG9ZJ6RJ-R BT: organization EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Baltimore_classification#RNA_viruses NT: · Russian ministry https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_%C3%A0_ARN · Russian research organization FR: organisme russe URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QZ4B1W44-Z ROBERT → ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing protocol Russian research organization BT: Russian organization NT: · Federal Budgetary Research Institution State ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology protocol "Vector" Syn: ROBERT · Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology BT: tracking protocol and Microbiology RT: consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving FR: organisme de recherche russe Proximity Tracing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PPTZR8V0-Z FR: ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing protocol URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KHX8X436-6 EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ StopCovid#Architecture_et_protocole route of transmission → transmission mode

RT-LAMP → reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification

RT-PCR → reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction rubulavirus infection BT: Paramyxovirinae infection FR: infection à rubulavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KHQLT411-M

Russia Syn: Russian Federation BT: country of the European continent FR: Russie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RTS2N2H6-X

Russian Federation → Russia

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 139 S-FLOW ASSAY

sanitary distancing S → physical distancing Sanofi S-Flow assay Syn: Sanofi Pasteur BT: French pharmaceutical laboratory BT: serological testing RT: Sanofi-GSK FR: test S-Flow URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z1ZMC72V-3 Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France, as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by prescription sales. Originally, the company was formed in 1973 and S1 domain the current incarnation was formed as Sanofi-Aventis in 2004, by the → S1 subunit merger of Aventis and Sanofi-Synthélabo, which were each the product of several previous mergers. It changed its name to Sanofi in May 2011. (Wikipédia) S1 subunit FR: Sanofi Syn: S1 domain URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P02D3B9B-R BT: spike protein EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ NT: · N-terminal domain Sanofi#Recherche_pendant_la_pand · receptor binding domain %C3%A9mie_du_Covid-19 RT: · binding · type II transmembrane serine protease FR: sous-unité S1 Sanofi-GSK URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SD4HFTMP-6 BT: subunit vaccine RT: · GlaxoSmithKline · Sanofi S2 subunit FR: Sanofi-GSK BT: spike protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W462K0PP-C NT: fusion peptide RT: · fusion Sanofi Pasteur · type II transmembrane serine protease FR: sous-unité S2 → Sanofi URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KJL0GLPF-Q

sarbeCoVirus S477N mutation → betacoronavirus lineage B BT: mutation in S gene FR: mutation S477N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P5715HPX-2 sarilumab BT: interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor RT: CORIMUNO -19 saliva BT: specimen Sarilumab (trade name Kevzara) is a human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and FR: salive Sanofi developed the drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LM6P24BQ-L for which it received US FDA approval on 22 May 2017 and European Medicines Agency approval on 23 June 2017. (Wikipedia) salivary test FR: sarilumab BT: reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R1C9DXM5-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab amplification https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab NT: EasyCov FR: test salivaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XT9FZ200-G sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine Syn: sarilumab + hydroxychloroquine sampling method BT: drug combination RT: CORIMUNO -19 BT: molecular assay FR: sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine NT: · aspiration URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KW8406ZC-L · bronchoalveolar lavage · swab FR: méthode de prélèvement sarilumab + hydroxychloroquine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N0DZNCT1-C → sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine

140 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SARS-COV-2

SARS SARS-CoV-2 → severe acute respiratory syndrome Syn: · 2019 Novel (New)coronavirus · 2019 novel coronavirus · 2019-nCoV SARS-associated coronavirus · 2019-new coronavirus → SARS-CoV · 2019-novel coronavirus · CoVid-19 virus SARS-coronavirus · CoVid19 virus · HCoV-19 → SARS-CoV · SARS-CoV2 · SARS2 SARS-CoV · SARSCoV-2 · Wuhan coronavirus Syn: · SARS Virus · Wuhan pneumonia coronavirus · SARS associated coronavirus · Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus · SARS coronavirus · Wuhan virus · SARS related coronavirus · Wuhan-Hu-1-CoV · SARS-CoV-1 · corona virus 2 · SARS-CoV1 · coronavirus disease 2019 virus · SARS-HCoV · nCoV · SARS-associated coronavirus · new coronavirus · SARS-coronavirus · novel chinese coronavirus · SARS-related coronavirus · novel coronavirus · Urbani SARS associated coronavirus · severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 · Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus · severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus · Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus clade 2 · severe acute respiratory syndrome virus · virus 2019-nCoV · severe acute respiratory syndrome associated BT: · betacoronavirus lineage B coronavirus · emerging coronavirus · severe acute respiratory syndrome related · human coronavirus coronavirus · zoonotic coronavirus · severe acute respiratory syndrome virus NT: SARS-CoV-2 clade · severe acute respiratory syndrome-related RT: · 2019 coronavirus · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 BT: · betacoronavirus lineage B · coronavirus disease 2019 · emerging coronavirus · lung parenchyma · human coronavirus · Manidae · zoonotic coronavirus · new coronavirus variant RT: · 2002 · slippery sequence · 2003 · upper respiratory tract · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 · lung parenchyma Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the · Paguma larvata strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), · protein 8a a respiratory illness. Colloquially known as simply the coronavirus, it was previously referred to by its provisional name, 2019 novel · severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and has also been called human coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS- 2019 (HCoV-19 or hCoV-19). (Wikipedia) CoV-1) is a strain of virus that causes severe acute respiratory FR: SRAS-CoV-2 syndrome (SARS). (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CFMGW8PL-S FR: SRAS-CoV EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M5SGTCGQ-Q https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coronavirus_2_du_syndrome_respiratoire_aigu_s%C3%A9v Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus %C3%A8re https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV

SARS-CoV-1 → SARS-CoV

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 141 SARS-COV-2 CLADE

SARS-CoV-2 clade SARS-CoV2 Syn: · monophyletic group → SARS-CoV-2 · natural group BT: SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV2 infection NT: · G clade · L clade → coronavirus disease 2019 · O clade · S clade SARS-CoVlike · V clade RT: GISAID → SARS-CoV-like A clade (/kleɪd/; from Ancient Greek: κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group is a group of organisms SARS-CoV related that are monophyletic—that is, composed of a common ancestor and → SARS-CoV-like all its lineal descendants. (Wikipédia) FR: clade du SARS-CoV-2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZZGRLQ2N-K sars-cov tropism EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clade BT: viral tropism https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clade FR: tropisme du sras-cov URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FRBJHLMM-P SARS-CoV-2 infection → coronavirus disease 2019 SARS-HCoV → SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BT: mRNA vaccine SARS-like coronavirus RT: Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology → SARS-CoV-like FR: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SN3BWQ1P-H SARS-related coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine → SARS-CoV → NVX-CoV2373 SARS2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA → SARS-CoV-2 BT: positive sense single stranded RNA FR: ARN SRAS-CoV-2 SARS associated coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TT0BDXXP-K → SARS-CoV sars-cov-2 tropism SARS coronavirus BT: viral tropism → FR: tropisme du sras-cov-2 SARS-CoV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NC4XZN70-0 SARSCoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 virus infection → SARS-CoV-2 → coronavirus disease 2019 SARS related coronavirus SARS-CoV-like → SARS-CoV Syn: · SARS-CoV related · SARS-CoVlike SARS Virus · SARS-like coronavirus · SARS#like CoV → SARS-CoV · sl-CoV BT: betacoronavirus lineage B SARS#like CoV NT: bat SARS-like coronavirus → SARS-CoV-like FR: SRAS-CoV-like URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NCRZMG8D-L

SARS-CoV1 → SARS-CoV

142 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

Saudi Arabia secondary case BT: Arabian Peninsula BT: infection case NT: Al-Jawf Region FR: cas secondaire FR: Arabie Saoudite URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W4413SRN-P URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W33K60VV-N secondary disease prevention Saudi SARS → secondary prevention → Middle East respiratory syndrome secondary prevention SCB-2019 Syn: secondary disease prevention BT: subunit vaccine BT: prevention RT: Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia Methods to detect and address an existing disease prior to the FR: SCB-2019 appearance of symptoms. (Wikipedia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S0J3RX0K-R FR: prévention secondaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L319PJBN-G scientific modelling EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Preventive_healthcare#Levels_of_prevention → modelling https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_secondaire

S clade second phase of the disease BT: SARS-CoV-2 clade BT: symptomatology FR: clade S NT: · complication URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V6C40SHF-N · lung disease · progression seafood and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan FR: deuxième phase de la maladie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XHKWTTBK-8 → Huanan seafood wholesale market

second wave seasonal coronavirus BT: epidemic BT: Coronavirinae FR: deuxième vague NT: · HCoV-229E URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R6NH8CWW-6 · HCoV-HKU1 · HCoV-NL63 · HCoV-OC43 secretory IgA FR: coronavirus saisonnier Syn: sIgA URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XFNSZBK4-V BT: immunoglobulin A RT: vaccine immunogenicity seasonality The IgA dimeric form is the most prevalent and is also called BT: contagiousness secretory IgA (sIgA). sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, sweat, colostrum and secretions from FR: saisonnalité the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GBV17B2P-3 epithelium. (Wikipédia) FR: immunoglobuline A secrétoire SECIR model URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S0NT250D-N Syn: susceptible - exposed - carriers - infected - EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobuline_A recovered BT: compartmental model FR: modèle SECIR sedentary lifestyle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R761N9T2-G Syn: physical inactivity BT: lifestyle secondary attack rate A sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle involving little or no physical BT: contagiousness activity. (Wikipedia) FR: taux d'attaque secondaire FR: sédentarité URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JCQ36XF2-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B8HQSS5S-N EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_ EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentary_lifestyle %C3%A0_coronavirus_2019#Taux_d https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9dentarit%C3%A9 %E2%80%99attaque_secondaire

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 143 SEIR MODEL

sed rate sequela → erythrocyte sedimentation rate Syn: · long-term morbidity · sequelae BT: progression SEIR model NT: · ageusia Syn: susceptible - exposed - infected - recovered · anosmia BT: compartmental model · diarrhoea FR: modèle SEIR · fatigue URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PNPLTTNX-T · psychological disorder A sequela is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, SEIRS model therapy, or other trauma. (Wikipedia) Syn: susceptible - exposed - infected - recovered - FR: séquelle susceptible URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MZKMLC9B-R BT: compartmental model EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quelle FR: modèle SEIRS URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C71GMZ1V-X sequelae → sequela sensitivity BT: reliability serine protease NT: · false negative · false positive → type II transmembrane serine protease Sensitivity measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified (e.g., the percentage of sick people who are correctly identified serine protease inhibitor as having some illness). (Wikipedia) Syn: · TMPRSS2 inhibitor FR: sensibilité · inhibitor of TMPRSS2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L19RV3GX-9 BT: protease inhibitor EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensibilit%C3%A9_et_sp NT: camostat mesylate %C3%A9cificit%C3%A9 RT: type II transmembrane serine protease FR: inhibiteur de la sérine-protéase URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J3CP2R70-6 sentinel cell BT: innate immune cell serine protease TMpRSS2 NT: · dendritic cell · macrophage → type II transmembrane serine protease · mast cell FR: cellule sentinelle seroconversion URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RCDW5MCT-5 BT: antibody sepsis syndrome Seroconversion is the time period during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood. (Wikipedia) → systemic inflammatory response syndrome FR: séroconversion URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G1466V27-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion septic shock https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9roconversion BT: systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Septic shock (namely, infection throughout the body) is a potentially SEROCOV fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood BT: cohort study pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism. (Wikipedia) FR: SEROCOV URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DZZMW5KQ-3 FR: choc septique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B0XZV0MK-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_shock seroepidemiological study https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choc_septique → seroepidemiologic study

seroepidemiologic study Syn: seroepidemiological study BT: epidemiologic study FR: étude séroépidémiologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HTB3DP3V-D

144 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SERUM AMYLOID P

seroepidemiology seroprevalence → seroprevalence Syn: seroepidemiology BT: health indicator RT: serological testing serological analysis Seroprevalence is the number of persons in a population who test → serological testing positive for a specific disease based on serology (blood serum) specimens; often presented as a percent of the total specimens tested serological assay or as a proportion per 100,000 persons tested. (Wikipedia) → serological testing FR: séroprévalence URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WM1278GB-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroprevalence serological test https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ropr%C3%A9valence → serological testing Serpentes Syn: snake serological testing BT: · intermediate host Syn: · serological analysis · Reptilia · serological assay FR: Serpentes · serological test URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XSW74WQT-1 · serological tool · serology BT: test serum amyloid A NT: · ELISA test BT: · inflammatory marker · LIPS assay · inflammatory protein · neutralization assay Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a family of apolipoproteins · pseudovirus-based neutralization assay associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Different · rapid screening test isoforms of SAA are expressed constitutively (constitutive SAAs) at · S-Flow assay different levels or in response to inflammatory stimuli (acute phase RT: · antibody SAAs). (Wikipedia) · blood FR: sérum amyloïde A · seroprevalence URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z2L8VZHP-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_amyloid_A The body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies that help https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rum_amylo neutralize the virus. Blood tests (serology tests) can detect the presence %C3%AFde_A of such antibodies. Antibody tests can be used to assess what fraction of a population has once been infected, which can then be used to calculate the disease's mortality rate. (Wikipedia) serum amyloid P FR: test sérologique BT: · inflammatory marker URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MMB2PJZR-R · inflammatory protein EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ COVID-19_testing#Serology_(antibody)_tests The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_diagnostique_du_SARS- amyloid P component (AP), a 25kDa pentameric protein first identified CoV-2#Tests_s%C3%A9rologiques:_recherche_d'anticorps as the pentagonal constituent of in vivo pathological deposits called "amyloid". (Wikipedia) serological tool FR: sérum amyloïde P URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VW4M3430-L → serological testing EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_amyloid_P_component https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentraxine_2 serology → serological testing severe acute respiratory infection → severe acute respiratory syndrome

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 145 SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

severe acute respiratory syndrome severe respiratory illness Syn: · 2003 SARS → severe pneumonia · SARS · Urbani severe acute respiratory syndrome · severe acute respiratory infection Sf9 Cell · severe respiratory disease associated with a BT: subunit vaccine novel coronavirus RT: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and BT: · coronavirus infection Prevention · emerging viral infection FR: Sf9 Cell · zoonotic disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J7XC79L0-F RT: SARS-CoV Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease S gene of zoonotic origin that surfaced in the early 2000s caused by severe BT: gene acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), RT: · mutation in S gene the first-identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute · spike protein respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). (Wikipedia) FR: gène S FR: syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D88HX7QD-4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TS1Z1SQW-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome S glycoprotein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_respiratoire_aigu_s %C3%A9v%C3%A8re → spike protein severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute → SARS-CoV BT: Chinese institute RT: · Covid-19/aAPC · LV-SMENP-DC severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus · pathogen-specific aAPC → SARS-CoV FR: Institut médical de Shenzhen URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R1KJ6682-8 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shortness of breath → SARS-CoV-2 → dyspnea severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 → SARS-CoV-2 sialic acid Syn: · N-acetylneuraminic acid · Neu5Ac severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus BT: host cell protein → SARS-CoV NT: N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid Sialic acid is a generic term for a family of derivatives of neuraminic acid, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus an acidic sugar with a nine-carbon backbone. It is also the name for the most common member of this group, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac → SARS-CoV or NANA). (Wikipedia) FR: acide sialique severe acute respiratory syndrome virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G9H8LP44-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialic_acid → SARS-CoV https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_sialique severe pneumonia sIgA Syn: severe respiratory illness → secretory IgA BT: pneumonia FR: pneumonie sévère URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HDWNKC6F-K severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus → severe acute respiratory syndrome severe respiratory disease associated with Middle East → Middle East respiratory syndrome

146 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SNEEZING

signal transduction SIR model BT: virus-host interaction Syn: susceptible - infected - recovered NT: JAK-STAT BT: compartmental model Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical The SIR model is one of the simplest compartmental models, and signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most many models are derivatives of this basic form. The model consists of commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which three compartments:S: The number of susceptible individuals. When a ultimately results in a cellular response. (Wikipedia) susceptible and an infectious individual come into "infectious contact", the susceptible individual contracts the disease and transitions to the FR: transduction de signal infectious compartment. I: The number of infectious individuals. These URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WM96VQVH-N are individuals who have been infected and are capable of infecting EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_de_signal susceptible individuals. R for the number of removed (and immune) or deceased individuals. These are individuals who have been infected and have either recovered from the disease and entered the removed simian adenovirus compartment, or died. It is assumed that the number of deaths is negligible with respect to the total population. This compartment may BT: adenovirus also be called "recovered" or "resistant". (Wikipedia) NT: · chimpanzee adenovirus · gorilla adenovirus FR: modèle SIR FR: adénovirus simien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FKZVG2BC-X EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KTFKWCS3-W Compartmental_models_in_epidemiology single-pass protein sl-CoV → bitopic protein → SARS-CoV-like single-spanning protein slippery sequence → bitopic protein BT: ORF1 RT: SARS-CoV-2 single-stranded, positive-sense RNA A slippery sequence is a small section of codon nucleotide sequences → positive sense single stranded RNA (usually UUUAAAC) that controls the rate and chance of ribosomal frameshifting. A slippery sequence causes a faster ribosomal transfer which in turn can cause the reading ribosome to "slip." (Wikipedia) Sinopharm FR: séquence glissante → China National Pharmaceutical Group URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GFF188LF-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slippery_sequence https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quence_glissante Sinovac Biotech Syn: Sinovac Biotech Ltd. sluggish vaccine BT: Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory → inactivated vaccine RT: CoronaVac Sinovac Biotech Ltd. (Chinese: ############, NASDAQ: SVA) is a biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the research, small envelope protein development, manufacture and commercialization of vaccines that → E protein protect against human infectious diseases. The company is based in Beijing, China. (Wikipédia) snake FR: Sinovac Biotech URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FJB92VJH-Z → Serpentes EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac_Biotech https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinovac_Biotech sneezing Sinovac Biotech Ltd. BT: respiration manifestation FR: éternuement → Sinovac Biotech URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GV8NFWSB-H

social class → socioeconomic status

social distancing → physical distancing

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 147 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

social immunity South Korean organization → herd immunity BT: organization NT: South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory FR: organisme sud-coréen social status URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WP7ZB9Z8-7 → socioeconomic status South Korean pharmaceutical company socioeconomic status → South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: · social status · social class South Korean pharmaceutical factory BT: health indicator → South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory Social status is a measurement of social value.More specifically, it refers to the relative level of respect, honor, assumed competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society. South Korean pharmaceutical firm (Wikipedia) → South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory FR: statut socio-économique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JJ0F7B0W-P EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_status South Korean pharmaceutical lab https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statut_social → South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory

Solidarity South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory BT: international trial RT: · chloroquine Syn: · South Korean pharmaceutical company · hydroxychloroquine · South Korean pharmaceutical factory · interferon beta · South Korean pharmaceutical firm · lopinavir/ritonavir · South Korean pharmaceutical lab · remdesivir · South Korean pharmaceutical manufacturer · World Health Organization BT: South Korean organization NT: Genexine Inc The for treatments is a multinational Phase III-IV clinical FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique sud-coréen trial organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners to URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HZ6BB48R-T compare four untested treatments for hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 illness. The individual or combined drugs being studied in the Solidarity and Discovery projects are already approved for South Korean pharmaceutical manufacturer other diseases. They are: Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir combined, → Lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon-beta, Hydroxychloroquine South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory or chloroquine (discontinued due to no benefit, June 2020). (Wikipedia) FR: Solidarity spatiotemporal distribution URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NM02XPP3-R BT: epidemic EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_Trial FR: distribution spatio-temporelle URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MN236XLG-3 south America species barrier → South American subcontinent → barrier species

South American subcontinent specificity Syn: south America BT: American subcontinent BT: reliability NT: Brazil NT: · false negative FR: sous-continent sud-américain · false positive URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XL16W3JF-B Specificity measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified (e.g., the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having some illness). (Wikipedia) South Korea FR: spécificité BT: country of the Asian continent URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SCRR62Q0-F FR: Corée du Sud EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M8FMMS2G-5 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensibilit%C3%A9_et_sp %C3%A9cificit%C3%A9

148 | Covid-19 Thesaurus STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG

specimen Sputnik V BT: test Syn: Sputnik vaccine NT: · blood BT: commercial vaccine · feces RT: · Gam-COVID-Vac · nasal microbiome · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo · pleural fluid FR: Spoutnik V · saliva URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QS37L6GG-R · sputum · urine Sputnik vaccine FR: échantillon URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DFBBLM3D-9 → Sputnik V spike glycoprotein sputum → spike protein BT: specimen FR: expectoration URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QRB5CG7P-S spike protein Syn: · S glycoprotein state of health emergency · S protein · peplomer BT: health crisis · spike (S) glycoprotein A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a · spike (S) protein formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of "an · spike glycoprotein extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health · spike surface envelope glycoprotein (S) risk to other States through the international spread of disease and · spike surface glycoprotein to potentially require a coordinated international response", formulated when a situation arises that is "serious, sudden, unusual or unexpected", BT: structural protein which "carries implications for public health beyond the affected state's NT: · S1 subunit national border" and "may require immediate international action". · S2 subunit (Wikipedia) RT: · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 · ELISA S assay FR: état d'urgence sanitaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XZDTPF31-G · neutralizing antibody EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ · ORF2 Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern · S gene https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_d%27urgence_sanitaire · UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp · viral antigen State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR FR: protéine S URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LP87D46Z-N → Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" spike (S) glycoprotein STAT protein → spike protein BT: host cell protein RT: JAK-STAT spike (S) protein Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many → spike protein aspects of cellular immunity, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. They are primarily activated by membrane receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAK). (Wikipedia) spike surface envelope glycoprotein (S) → spike protein FR: protéine STAT URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C9F9K3QN-C EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT_protein https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ines_STAT spike surface glycoprotein → spike protein steroid anti-inflammatory agent → steroid anti-inflammatory drug S protein → spike protein steroid anti-inflammatory drug Syn: steroid anti-inflammatory agent BT: drug class FR: anti-inflammatoire stéroïdien URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZD852Z79-D

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 149 STRATEGIC ADVISORY GROUP OF EXPERTS ON IMMUNIZATION

stool subunit vaccine → feces Syn: · protein subunit vaccine · protein sub-unit vaccine · sub-unit vaccine storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines BT: vaccine candidate → cytokine storm syndrome NT: · AdimrSC-2f · Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine · CoVac-1 Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on · EpiVacCorona Immunization · FINLAY-FR-1 BT: World Health Organization · KBP-201 RT: vaccination · MVC-COV1901 Le Groupe stratégique consultatif d’experts (SAGE) sur la vaccination, · NVX-CoV2373 créé en 1999 par le Directeur général de l’Organisation mondiale · Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO de la Santé, est chargé de formuler des recommandations sur les cell) travaux du Département Vaccination, vaccins et produits biologiques · Sanofi-GSK de l’OMS. C'est le groupe consultatif le plus important pour l’OMS · SCB-2019 dans le domaine des vaccins et de la vaccination. Organisation · Sf9 Cell mondiale de la santé. "Groupe stratégique consultatif d’experts (SAGE) · UB-612 sur la vaccination." (Retrieved 08/12/2020, from https://www.who.int/ immunization/sage/fr/) · UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp RT: protein sub-unit FR: Groupe stratégique consultatif d’experts sur la vaccination A subunit vaccine is the one which is based on the synthetic peptides URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GRJJ9GH6-4 or recombinant antigenic proteins, which are necessary for invigorating long-lasting protective and/or therapeutic immune response. The subunit vaccine, however, exhibits low immunogenicity and requires STROMA-COV2 auxiliary support of an adjuvant to potentiate the vaccine-induced immune responses. Kaur, S. P. and Gupta, V. (2020). "COVID-19 BT: French trial Vaccine: A comprehensive status report." Virus Research 288: 198114. RT: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells FR: STROMA-COV2 FR: vaccin sous-unitaire URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X80HJWCD-9 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L7HQXSZF-6 structural protein suction BT: viral protein → aspiration NT: · E protein · HE protein supportive measure · M protein → · N protein support treatment · spike protein Most viral structural proteins are components for the capsid and the supportive treatment envelope of the virus. (Wikipedia) → support treatment FR: protéine de structure URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZHQTFV4S-6 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_protein support treatment Syn: · supportive measure · supportive treatment sub-unit vaccine BT: intensive care unit → subunit vaccine NT: · dialysis · respiratory therapy FR: traitement de support URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JNC6802D-R

150 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME

surgical mask symptomatology BT: anti-projection mask Syn: · clinical characteristic A surgical mask, also known as a face mask, is intended to be worn · clinical data by health professionals during healthcare procedures. It is designed · clinical presentation to prevent infections in patients and treating personnel by catching · clinical spectrum bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth · clinical symptom and nose. (Wikipedia) BT: diagnosis FR: masque chirurgical NT: · first phase of the disease URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JJDMZFP8-S · second phase of the disease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_mask FR: symptomatologie https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masque_chirurgical URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MJ70533F-0 susceptible - exposed - carriers - infected - recovered Symvivo Corporation → SECIR model BT: Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory RT: bacTRL-Spike FR: Symvivo Corporation susceptible - exposed - infected - recovered URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q06HKTPS-G → SEIR model synthetic DNA medicine platform susceptible - exposed - infected - recovered - susceptible → DNA → SEIRS model systemic disease susceptible - infected - recovered BT: comorbidity → SIR model A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole. (Wikipedia) suspected case FR: maladie de système → suspicious case URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SKFG21XL-Z EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_disease https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_syst%C3%A9mique suspicious case Syn: · presumptive case systemic hyperinflammatory response · suspected case → systemic inflammatory response syndrome BT: infection case FR: cas possible URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RFXLPC9Z-C systemic inflammatory response syndrome Syn: · sepsis syndrome swab · systemic hyperinflammatory response BT: hyperinflammation BT: sampling method NT: · cytokine storm syndrome NT: · nasal swab · haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis · nasopharyngeal swab · pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome · oropharyngeal swab · septic shock · rectal swab FR: écouvillonnage Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), is an inflammatory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KBQM8FWR-B state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. (Wikipedia) FR: syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique Sweden URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X7G3Q6L5-L BT: country of the European continent EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ FR: Suède Systemic_inflammatory_response_syndrome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JKNND0TJ-F https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_de_r %C3%A9ponse_inflammatoire_syst%C3%A9mique symptomatic patient BT: indication RT: molecular assay FR: patient symptomatique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S3K2NTJB-P

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 151 SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION

systemic manifestation BT: complication NT: · acute liver failure · acute renal failure · acute respiratory distress syndrome · acute respiratory failure · cardiogenic shock · heart failure · hypercoagulability · hyperinflammation · imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system · immunothrombosis · Kawasaki disease · liver failure · multiple organ failure · uncontrolled immune-response FR: manifestation systémique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RT49KN3G-9

152 | Covid-19 Thesaurus SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION

(AdV) 26 → type 26 adenovirus

(AdV) 5 → type 5 adenovirus

"ground-glass" radiological changes → ground-glass opacities

+ssRNA virus → positive-strand RNA virus

+ssRNA viruses → positive-strand RNA virus

"Variant Under Investigation” in December 2020 → VUI-202012/01

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 153 TAIWANESE ORGANIZATION

T cell T → T lymphocyte TCN protocol

T-killer cell → Temporary Contact Numbers → cytotoxic T lymphocyte Technical Vaccination Committee Taiwanese organization BT: French National Authority for Health BT: organization «The National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in NT: Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory France is known as the Comité technique des vaccinations, or the FR: organisme taïwanais Technical Vaccination Committee (CTV).The CTV is comprised of 20 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RP9W46C7-Z qualified members who represent a range of specialties pertaining to vaccination. The CTV also ha sex-officio members who represent agencies affiliated with the Ministry of Health, or other ministries and Taiwanese pharmaceutical company various institutions.» Floret, D. and Deutsch P. (2010). "The French Technical Vaccination Committee (CTV)." Vaccine 28: A42-A47. → Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory FR: Commission technique des vaccinations URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FPXGXTP0-2 Taiwanese pharmaceutical factory → Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory technology BT: digital tracking Taiwanese pharmaceutical firm NT: · bluetooth → Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory · global positioning system FR: technologie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XKC0TM09-J Taiwanese pharmaceutical lab → Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory technology platform Syn: · vaccine development platform Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory · vaccine platform Syn: · Taiwanese pharmaceutical company BT: vaccine · Taiwanese pharmaceutical factory NT: · adjuvant · Taiwanese pharmaceutical firm · DNA · Taiwanese pharmaceutical lab · inactivated virus · Taiwanese pharmaceutical manufacturer · live attenuated virus BT: Taiwanese organization · protein sub-unit NT: · Addimune Corporation · recombinant protein · Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation · RNA FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique taïwanais · viral vector URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MSK4M662-R · virus-like particle FR: plate-forme technologique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XC6008MG-1 Taiwanese pharmaceutical manufacturer → Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory telemedicine BT: health system target cell Telehealth is the distribution of health-related services and information → host cell via electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions. (Wikipedia) taste disorder FR: télémédecine BT: neurologic manifestation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-HVJL6VN4-5 NT: ageusia EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telehealth FR: trouble du goût https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9m URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R0HXKT4W-Z %C3%A9decine

Taïwan BT: China FR: Taïwan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LCL17SKM-8

154 | Covid-19 Thesaurus THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY

Temporary Contact Numbers Thai university Syn: TCN protocol BT: Thai organization BT: tracking protocol NT: Chulalongkorn University FR: Temporary Contact Numbers FR: université thaïlandaise URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KK01200N-H URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KK4DBJWD-2 tertiary prevention T helper BT: prevention → lymphocyte T helper Methods to reduce the harm of symptomatic disease, such as disability or death, through rehabilitation and treatment. (Wikipedia) therapeutic target FR: prévention tertiaire BT: candidate treatment URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C9QRLKBX-F NT: · angiotensin converting enzyme 2 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Preventive_healthcare#Levels_of_prevention · interleukin 1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_tertiaire · interleukin 6 · Janus kinase · non-structural protein 12 test · renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system Syn: testing · uncontrolled immune-response BT: diagnosis · viral protein NT: · antigen test A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some · indication other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or · molecular assay binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function. (Wikipedia) · reliability · serological testing FR: cible thérapeutique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-TDRQ14V1-5 · specimen EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_target COVID-19 testing involves analyzing samples to assess the current or https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cible_th%C3%A9rapeutique past presence of SARS-CoV-2. The two main branches detect either the presence of the virus or of antibodies produced in response to infection. thermal stability of vaccine Tests for viral presence are used to diagnose individual cases and to allow public health authorities to trace and contain outbreaks. Antibody → vaccine stability tests instead show whether someone once had the disease. They are less useful for diagnosing current infections because antibodies may not develop for weeks after infection. (Wikipedia) thrombocytopenia FR: test Syn: thrombopenia URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M4XW2411-X BT: hematological marker EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_diagnostique_du_SARS-CoV-2 Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets, also known as thrombocytes, in the blood. A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter testing of blood. Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency → test treatment is a platelet count below 50,000 per microliter. (Wikipedia) FR: thrombopénie testudine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D9Q53K6B-T EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopenia Syn: turtle https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombop%C3%A9nie BT: · intermediate host · Reptilia FR: testudine thromboinflammation URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C9BQMH47-V → immunothrombosis

Thailand thrombopenia BT: country of the Asian continent → thrombocytopenia FR: Thaïlande URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KTW2B4KW-T thrombotic microangiopathy Thai organization BT: · hypercoagulability · immunothrombosis BT: organization FR: microangiopathie thrombotique NT: Thai university URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WXL6CDBN-8 FR: organisme thaïlandais URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JKJ7MJH4-4

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 155 T LYMPHOCYTE

titre of antibody tobacco → antibody titre BT: tobacco smoking NT: nicotine TLR3 agonist Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the Nicotiana genus and the Solanaceae (nightshade) family, and the general term for any → toll-like receptor 3 agonist product prepared from the cured leaves of the tobacco plant. (Wikipedia) FR: tabac TLR4 agonist URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PHZP27N7-N EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco → toll-like receptor 4 agonist https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabac

TLR7/8 agonist tobacco smoking → toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist BT: lifestyle NT: tobacco TLR9 agonist FR: tabagisme URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JZNWZN71-S → toll-like receptor 9 agonist EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabagisme

TLR agonist tocilizumab → toll-like receptor agonist BT: · interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor · monoclonal antibody RT: · CORIMUNO -19 T lymphocyte · cytokine storm syndrome Syn: T cell Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the BT: lymphocyte interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that NT: · cytotoxic T lymphocyte plays an important role in immune response and is implicated in · lymphocyte T helper the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, · natural killer T cell multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. (Wikipedia) · γδT cell FR: tocilizumab RT: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F9QBVM1S-B factor-positive EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a central role in the immune response. (Wikipedia) Toll-like receptor FR: lymphocyte T BT: pattern recognition receptor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GG0P34XS-F NT: · Toll-like receptor 3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_T · Toll-like receptor 7 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-pass membrane-spanning TMPRSS2 inhibitor receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and → serine protease inhibitor dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. (Wikipedia)

TMpRSS2 protease FR: récepteur de type Toll URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S4SHPC6F-1 → type II transmembrane serine protease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R %C3%A9cepteur_de_reconnaissance_de_motifs_mol TMV-083 / V591 %C3%A9culaires#R%C3%A9cepteurs_de_type_RIG-I BT: measles vector vaccine RT: · measles morbillivirus Toll-like receptor 3 · Merck Sharp and Dohme Syn: · CD283 · Pasteur Institute · cluster of differentiation 283 FR: TMV-083 / V591 BT: Toll-like receptor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XJ401LKW-B Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 TNF-α gene. TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor family of pattern → tumor necrosis factor alpha recognition receptors of the innate immune system. (Wikipedia) FR: récepteur Toll-like 3 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T6SZQ8L6-K EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR3 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR3

156 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TRACKING PROTOCOL

toll-like receptor 3 agonist Toll-like receptors agonist Syn: · agonist of toll-like receptor 3 → toll-like receptor agonist · TLR3 agonist BT: toll-like receptor agonist toll-like receptors agonist NT: Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid FR: agoniste du toll like receptor 3 → toll-like receptor agonist URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FQ4ZWGPW-K

total effect of the vaccine toll-like receptor 4 agonist → total vaccine effectiveness Syn: · TLR4 agonist · agonist of toll-like receptor 4 total impact of the vaccine BT: toll-like receptor agonist NT: glucopyranosyl lipid A → total vaccine effectiveness FR: agoniste du toll like receptor 4 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M6N4TMZD-H total vaccine effectiveness Syn: · total effect of the vaccine Toll-like receptor 7 · total impact of the vaccine BT: Toll-like receptor BT: vaccine protective effect Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is “Total effectiveness measures the relative infection risk in vaccinated encoded by the TLR7 gene. Orthologs are found in mammals and birds. individuals compared to the infection risk in unvaccinated individuals It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and detects single before a vaccination program is launched. Thus, total effectiveness stranded RNA. (Wikipedia) of vaccination is the effect of the vaccination program combined with the effect of the person having been vaccinated. However, FR: récepteur Toll-like 7 total effectiveness does not take into account indirect protection of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CRKQXQNN-L EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR7 unvaccinated individuals in partially vaccinated population.” Shim, E. and Galvani A.P. (2012). "Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness." Vaccine 30(47): 6700-6705. toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist FR: efficacité vaccinale totale Syn: · TLR7/8 agonist URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PM40L7MH-6 · agonist of toll-like receptor 7/8 · agonist of toll-like receptors 7/8 tozinameran BT: toll-like receptor agonist NT: resiquimod → Comirnaty FR: agoniste du toll like receptor 7/8 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q48R3C44-K tracing protocol → tracking protocol toll-like receptor 9 agonist Syn: · TLR9 agonist · agonist of toll-like receptor 9 tracking protocol BT: toll-like receptor agonist Syn: tracing protocol NT: · CpG BT: digital tracking · CpG ODN 1018 NT: · Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity FR: agoniste du toll like receptor 9 Tracing URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XFQRNS3W-3 · Private Automated Contact Tracing · ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing protocol toll-like receptor agonist · Temporary Contact Numbers Syn: · agonist of toll-like receptor FR: protocole de traçage · TLR agonist URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N995XL0V-1 · Toll-like receptors agonist · toll-like receptors agonist track physical proximity between phones BT: non-aluminum adjuvant NT: · toll-like receptor 3 agonist → digital tracking · toll-like receptor 4 agonist · toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist · toll-like receptor 9 agonist FR: agoniste des récepteurs toll-like URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S7288KF4-C

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 157 TRADUCTION

traduction transmembrane protease serine 2 BT: viral life cycle → type II transmembrane serine protease In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize transmembrane protein proteins after the process transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. (Wikipedia) Syn: transmembrane-protein BT: protein marker FR: traduction NT: · bitopic protein URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZB4RDMXX-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology) · Fc receptor https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduction_g%C3%A9n A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein %C3%A9tique that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways to permit the transport of specific trained immunity substances across the membrane. (Wikipedia) Syn: innate immune memory FR: protéine transmembranaire BT: immunity URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H4HWXMF9-R EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein The concept of trained immunity describes the long-term functional https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine_transmembranaire reprogramming of innate immune cells, which is evoked by exogenous or endogenous insults and which leads to an altered response towards a second challenge after the return to a non-activated state. The transmembrane serine protease 2 secondary response to the subsequent non-specific stimulus can be → type II transmembrane serine protease altered in such a way that the cells respond more or less strongly than to the primary response, conferring context-adjusted and time-adjusted responses. Netea, M. G., et al. (2020). "Defining trained immunity and transmembrane serine protease TMpRSS2 its role in health and disease." Nat Rev Immunol 20(6): 375-388. → type II transmembrane serine protease FR: immunité entraînée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PVRCTDRG-V transmissibility BT: Coronavirinae transcription NT: · communicable period BT: viral life cycle · effective reproduction number NT: · mRNA FR: transmissibilité · ribosomal frameshifting URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T8H4DGW0-H · transcriptome FR: transcription transmissible from human to human URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LVC0XWBH-T → human to human transmission transcriptome Syn: RNA transcripts transmission BT: transcription BT: Coronavirinae The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding NT: · exposure risk and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. The term can · human to human transmission also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs, or just mRNA, depending · interspecies transmission on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau FR: transmission of the words transcript and genome; it is associated with the process URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DL8V3CGG-K of transcript production during the biological process of transcription. (Wikipedia) transmission between family members FR: transcriptome URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S80T7HVF-C → intrafamilial transmission EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome transmission by droplets → droplets transmission translational frameshifting → ribosomal frameshifting transmission from animal-to-human → animal to human transmission translational recoding → ribosomal frameshifting transmission from human-to-human → human to human transmission transmembrane-protein → transmembrane protein

158 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TYPE 5 ADENOVIRUS

transmission from the mother to the embryo tumor necrosis factor alpha → vertical transmission Syn: · TNF-α · cachectin · cachexin transmission from the mother to the fetus · tumor necrosis factor α → vertical transmission · tumor necrosis factor-α · tumour necrosis factor α BT: cytokine transmission mode Syn: · mode of transmission Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; once named as · route of transmission tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNFα) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make · transmission route up the acute phase reaction. (Wikipedia) BT: human to human transmission NT: · close contact FR: facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha · fomite URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-SHJQ188N-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor · high viral load patient https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_de_n · respiratory droplets %C3%A9crose_tumorale FR: mode de transmission URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BCX1WFX3-F tumour necrosis factor α → tumor necrosis factor alpha transmission route → transmission mode turtle → testudine transmitted from person to person → human to human transmission TYK2 → tyrosine kinase 2 travel restriction Syn: controlled travel BT: · prevention Type 1 helper T cell · public health measure BT: CD4 T helper cell FR: restriction des voyages FR: lymphocyte Th1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MLPN83TS-R URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PW701HGX-3 troponin type 26 adenovirus BT: biochemical marker Syn: · (AdV) 26 · Ad26 Troponin, or the troponin complex, is a complex of three regulatory proteins (troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T) that is integral to muscle BT: human adenovirus contraction in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but not smooth RT: · Ad26.COV2.S muscle. (Wikipedia) · Gam-COVID-Vac · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo FR: troponine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GZ2VZRKQ-B FR: adénovirus de type 26 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troponin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-ZGSFFS3Z-F https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troponine type 2 helper T cell tumor necrosis factor-α BT: CD4 T helper cell → tumor necrosis factor alpha FR: lymphocyte Th2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LB82VQC7-H tumor necrosis factor α → tumor necrosis factor alpha type 5 adenovirus Syn: · (AdV) 5 · Ad5 BT: human adenovirus RT: · Ad5-nCoV · Gam-COVID-Vac · Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo · VXA-CoV2-1 FR: adénovirus de type 5 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S5M3JLWM-2

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 159 TYPE II PNEUMOCYTE

type II alveolar cell → type II pneumocyte type II pneumocyte Syn: type II alveolar cell BT: pneumocyte Type II cells are cuboidal and much smaller than type I cells. They are the most numerous cells in the alveoli, yet do not cover as much surface area as the squamous type I cells. Type II cells in the alveolar wall contain secretory organelles known as lamellar bodies that fuse with the cell membranes and secrete pulmonary surfactant. (Wikipedia) FR: pneumocyte de type II URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V5D8V7L7-8 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus#Type_II_cells https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocyte type II transmembrane serine protease Syn: · TMpRSS2 protease · membrane-anchored serine protease, TMpRSS2 · membrane-bound serine protease TMPRSS2 · serine protease · serine protease TMpRSS2 · transmembrane protease serine 2 · transmembrane serine protease 2 · transmembrane serine protease TMpRSS2 BT: host cell protease RT: · S1 subunit · S2 subunit · serine protease inhibitor Transmembrane protease, serine 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TMPRSS2 gene. (Wikipedia) Viral entry requires not only binding to the ACE2 receptor but also priming of the virus’s spike (S) protein by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) by cleavage of the S proteins at the S1/S2 and S2 sites. Baughn, L. B., et al. (2020). "Targeting TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Mayo Clin Proc 95(9): 1989-1999. FR: protéase transmembranaire à sérine 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NF3PGZJB-5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMPRSS2 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prot %C3%A9ase_transmembranaire_%C3%A0_s%C3%A9rine_2 tyrosine kinase 2 Syn: · TYK2 · non receptor tyrosine protein kinase tyk2 BT: Janus kinase A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger class of enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell (signal transduction) and regulating cellular activity, such as cell division. (Wikipedia) FR: tyrosine kinase 2 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T5GJN8Z0-D EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase

160 | Covid-19 Thesaurus UK UNIVERSITY

UK agency BT: UK organization U NT: · COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium · Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency U.S. association FR: agence britannique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B8B0ZVRH-8 BT: American organization NT: Providence Health & Services FR: association américaine UK organization URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G16RD8H2-T Syn: · Britain organization · British organization U.S. organization BT: organization → American organization NT: · UK agency · UK pharmaceutical laboratory · UK university U.S. pharmaceutical company FR: organisme britannique → U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J7J0PWLW-W

UK pharmaceutical company U.S. pharmaceutical factory → UK pharmaceutical laboratory → U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory

UK pharmaceutical factory U.S. pharmaceutical firm → UK pharmaceutical laboratory → U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory

UK pharmaceutical firm U.S. pharmaceutical lab → UK pharmaceutical laboratory → U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory

UK pharmaceutical lab U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory → UK pharmaceutical laboratory Syn: · U.S. pharmaceutical company · U.S. pharmaceutical factory · U.S. pharmaceutical firm UK pharmaceutical laboratory · U.S. pharmaceutical lab Syn: · UK pharmaceutical company · U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturer · UK pharmaceutical factory BT: American organization · UK pharmaceutical firm NT: · Arcturus Therapeutics · UK pharmaceutical lab · Inovio Pharmaceuticals · UK pharmaceutical manufacturer · Johnson & Johnson BT: UK organization · Kentucky BioProcessing NT: · AstraZeneca · Merck Sharp and Dohme · GlaxoSmithKline · Moderna Therapeutics FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique britannique · Novavax URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CP2C27NL-M · Pfizer · United Biomedical · Vaxart UK pharmaceutical manufacturer FR: laboratoire pharmaceutique américain → UK pharmaceutical laboratory URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NFNPJMJ0-J

UK university U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturer BT: UK organization → U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory NT: · Imperial College London · University of Oxford UB-612 FR: université britannique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GFVJG1T3-7 BT: subunit vaccine RT: United Biomedical FR: UB-612 ultrasound assessment of lung URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CGG5B8MD-8 → lung ultrasound

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 161 UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells United States → umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Syn: · US · USA · United States of America umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells BT: North American subcontinent Syn: · human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells RT: American organization · umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells FR: États-Unis · umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QCWPBSPS-Q BT: mesenchymal stem cells RT: STROMA-COV2 United States Food & Drug Administration FR: cellules stromales mésenchymateuses de cordon ombilical → Food and Drug Administration URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GXHWPDFF-T United States of America umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells → United States → umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells universal trial number umifenovir BT: clinical trial Syn: Arbidol® FR: numéro universel de l'essai BT: protease inhibitor URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RJM5XRP3-C Umifenovir is claimed to inhibit viral entry into target cells and stimulate the immune response. (Wikipedia) University Hospital Tuebingen FR: umifénovir Syn: Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MZVD2BL7-5 BT: German university EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umifenovir RT: CoVac-1 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umif%C3%A9novir The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Latin: unbalanced immune response Universitas Eberhardina Carolina), is a public research university → uncontrolled immune-response located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. (Wikipédia) FR: hôpital universitaire de Tübingen uncontrolled immune-response URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B3NPR721-9 Syn: unbalanced immune response EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen BT: · systemic manifestation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit %C3%A9_Eberhard_Karl_de_T%C3%BCbingen · therapeutic target FR: réponse immunitaire incontrôlée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MLS2H9PK-7 University of Oxford Syn: Oxford University underlying and debilitating chronic condition BT: UK university → chronic disease RT: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 The University of Oxford (legally The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university in Oxford, underlying basic disorder Oxfordshire, England. Oxford is regularly ranked within the top 5 → chronic disease universities in the world and is currently ranked first in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. (Wikipédia) underlying chronic condition FR: Université d'Oxford URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-H9HX8VPP-C → chronic disease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Oxford

United Biomedical BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory RT: UB-612 FR: United Biomedical URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GZT6G42B-Z

United Kingdom BT: country of the European continent FR: Royaume-Uni URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-K7V6G5QR-1

162 | Covid-19 Thesaurus URINE

University of Queensland Australia UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp BT: Australian university BT: subunit vaccine RT: UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp RT: · spike protein The University of Queensland (UQ) is a public research university · University of Queensland Australia located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of FR: UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland parliament, UQ is URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C7CNP2HW-6 one of the six sandstone universities, an informal designation of the oldest university in each state. The University of Queensland is ranked Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus second nationally by the Australian Research Council and equal second in Australia based on the average of four major global university league → SARS-CoV tables.

FR: Université du Queensland Urbani SARS associated coronavirus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GXRTCZZJ-M EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Queensland → SARS-CoV https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Queensland

Urbani severe acute respiratory syndrome untranslated region → severe acute respiratory syndrome BT: genome

Non-coding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, ribosomal → SARS-CoV RNA, and regulatory RNAs). (Wikipedia) FR: région non traduite urine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X55H6VJX-5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_DNA BT: specimen https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_non_codant FR: urine URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J21CJ80K-1 upper airway US → upper respiratory tract → United States upper airways USA → upper respiratory tract → United States upper respiratory infection USFDA → upper respiratory tract infection → Food and Drug Administration upper respiratory tract US organization Syn: · upper airway · upper airways → American organization BT: respiratory system RT: · respiratory epithelial cell · SARS-CoV-2 FR: voie aérienne respiratoire supérieure URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FPMBHF7W-0 upper respiratory tract infection Syn: upper respiratory infection BT: respiration manifestation NT: · common cold · rhinitis FR: infection des voies respiratoires supérieures URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XCCXMQWV-9

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 163 VACCINATION

vaccination strategy V → vaccine strategy vaccine vaccination BT: · clinical research · prevention BT: public health measure NT: · commercial vaccine NT: · immunization policy · technology platform · immunization recommendation · vaccine candidate · immunization schedule · vaccine characteristic · immunization stress-related response RT: vaccination · vaccination campaign · vaccination coverage A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired · vaccine acceptability immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains · vaccine hesitation an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one · vaccine schema of its surface proteins. (Wikipedia) · vaccine strategy RT: · commercial vaccine FR: vaccin · Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KZ9WGQ59-9 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine · Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccin Immunization · vaccine · WHO Expert Committee on Biological vaccine's stability Standardization → vaccine stability Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from vaccine-associated enhanced disease the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help BT: vaccine toxicity prevent sickness from an infectious disease. When a sufficiently large RT: facilitating antibody percentage of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity results. FR: maladie aggravée associée à la vaccination Herd immunity protects those who may be immunocompromised and URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-F9WBW3GK-Z cannot get a vaccine because even a weakened version would harm them. (Wikipédia) vaccine-induced immune response FR: vaccination URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JQ1JT614-W → vaccine immunogenicity EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination vaccine acceptability BT: vaccination vaccination campaign FR: acceptabilité vaccinale BT: vaccination URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DF1SG54G-K FR: campagne vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PDD1CSG4-S vaccine adverse event Syn: · post-vaccination adverse event vaccination coverage · post-vaccination adverse events BT: vaccination · post-vaccine adverse event FR: couverture vaccinale · post-vaccine adverse events URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-N6R4VNZN-B EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination#Aspects_scientifiques · vaccine adverse events BT: pharmacovigilance FR: manifestation postvaccinale indésirable vaccination policy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WJZPTNM1-J → immunization policy vaccine adverse events vaccination recommendation → vaccine adverse event → immunization recommendation vaccination schedule → immunization schedule

164 | Covid-19 Thesaurus VACCINE PROTECTIVE EFFECT

Vaccine Alliance vaccine hesitancy Syn: · GAVI → vaccine hesitation · GAVI Alliance · Gavi BT: international organization vaccine hesitation Syn: vaccine hesitancy GAVI brings together developing country and donor governments, the BT: vaccination World Health Organization, UNICEF, the World Bank, the vaccine industry in both industrialised and developing countries, research and RT: benefit-risk balance technical agencies, civil society, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Vaccine “hesitancy” is an emerging term in the literature and discourse and other private philanthropists. GAVI has observer status at the World on vaccine decision-making and determinants of vaccine acceptance. Health Assembly. It recognizes a continuum between the domains of vaccine acceptance FR: Alliance du Vaccin and vaccine refusal and de-polarizes previous characterization of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MX8ZNMXB-H individuals and groups as either anti-vaccine or pro-vaccine. Larson, H. EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI J., et al. (2014). "Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI_Alliance vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012." Vaccine 32(19): 2150-2159. vaccine candidate FR: hésitation vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T42Q7QLF-G Syn: candidate vaccine BT: vaccine NT: · inactivated vaccine vaccine immunogenicity · live attenuated vaccine Syn: vaccine-induced immune response · nucleic acid vaccine BT: vaccine characteristic · recombinant cells vaccine RT: · cell-mediated immunity · subunit vaccine · neutralizing antibody · viral vaccine vector · secretory IgA RT: phase Vaccine immunogenicity is a measure of the immune response A COVID#19 vaccine is a biotechnology product intended to provide to a vaccine and usually involves measuring specific antibodies acquired immunity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID#19). As in the blood. The Immunisation Advisory Centre. "Vaccines, of August 2020, there were 233 vaccine candidates in development, efficacy and effectiveness." (Retrieved 03/12/2020 from https:// although no candidate has completed clinical trials to prove its safety www.immune.org.nz/) and efficacy. In August, at least 27 vaccine candidates were in clinical trials, with six beginning Phase III and 21 still in Phase I–II. (Wikipedia) FR: immunogénicité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FKCHS8R6-7 FR: candidat vaccin EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccin URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-D2Q1QNZV-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccin_contre_la_Covid-19 vaccine platform → technology platform vaccine characteristic BT: vaccine vaccine prioritization NT: · vaccine immunogenicity BT: vaccine strategy · vaccine protective effect FR: priorisation vaccinale · vaccine safety URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-J6DJ7RR6-0 · vaccine stability · vaccine tolerance · vaccine toxicity vaccine protective effect FR: caractéristique vaccinale Syn: · vaccine effectiveness URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-DTB93H7M-G · vaccine efficacy BT: vaccine characteristic vaccine development platform NT: · direct vaccine effectiveness · indirect vaccine effectiveness → technology platform · overall vaccine effectiveness · total vaccine effectiveness vaccine effectiveness Vaccine efficacy and effectiveness are measures that compare the → vaccine protective effect rates of disease between vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Efficacy is measured in controlled clinical trials, whereas effectiveness is measured once the vaccine is approved for use in the vaccine efficacy general population. The Immunisation Advisory Centre. "Vaccines, efficacy and effectiveness." (Retrieved 03/12/2020 from https:// → vaccine protective effect www.immune.org.nz/) FR: efficacité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XR46BKNJ-N

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 165 VACCINE SAFETY

vaccine safety -202012/01 BT: vaccine characteristic → VUI-202012/01 RT: pharmacovigilance FR: sécurité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WTN7331B-H variant virus BT: virus NT: new coronavirus variant vaccine schema RT: genetic variation BT: vaccination FR: virus variant FR: schéma vaccinal URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WTT5MXKH-G URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-G1J0JFBC-N EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination#Aspects_scientifiques vascular disease vaccine stability BT: comorbidity NT: · cerebrovascular disease Syn: · thermal stability of vaccine · hypertension · vaccine thermal stability · vasculitis · vaccine thermostability FR: maladie vasculaire · vaccine's stability URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-WFN8XMD6-P BT: vaccine characteristic FR: stabilité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-STZWQX55-Q vasculitis BT: vascular disease vaccine strategy NT: Kawasaki disease Syn: vaccination strategy Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by BT: vaccination inflammation. Both arteries and veins are affected. (Wikipedia) NT: · European vaccine strategy FR: vascularite · vaccine prioritization URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-T3M9XC2H-G RT: Comirnaty EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascularite FR: stratégie vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-V8FH7G30-C Vaxart BT: U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory vaccine thermal stability RT: VXA-CoV2-1 → vaccine stability FR: Vaxart URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FZHXXVXH-0 vaccine thermostability V clade → vaccine stability BT: SARS-CoV-2 clade RT: ORF3a vaccine tolerance FR: clade V BT: vaccine characteristic URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-S00427JT-G Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances Vector Institute or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a → Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research given organism. It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" and contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens. (Wikipédia) FR: tolérance vaccinale ventilation therapy URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C3F3WDKX-L → artificial respiration EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tol%C3%A9rance_(immunologie) vaccine toxicity BT: vaccine characteristic NT: vaccine-associated enhanced disease FR: toxicité vaccinale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FNM9D0L4-4

Variant of Concern, year 2020, month 12, variant 01 → VUI-202012/01

166 | Covid-19 Thesaurus VIRAL ENVELOPE

ventilator viral binding BT: artificial respiration → binding A ventilator is a machine that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient viral cellular tropism who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. Modern ventilators are computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but → viral tropism patients can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine, home care, and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and viral disease in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine). Syn: · viral infection (Wikipedia) · virus disease FR: respirateur artificiel · virus infection URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-B3NM29BF-0 BT: infectious disease EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator NT: · emerging viral infection https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirateur_artificiel · viral respiratory illness A viral disease (or viral infection, or infectious disease) occurs when an ventilatory system organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus → respiratory system particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. (Wikipedia) FR: virose URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-W2QX9MKS-M vertically transmitted infection EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_disease → vertical transmission https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_virale vertical transmission viral entry Syn: · intrauterine transmission Syn: cell entry · maternal foetal transmission BT: viral life cycle · mother-to-child transplacental transmission RT: · chloroquine · mother-to-fetus transmission · hydroxychloroquine · transmission from the mother to the embryo FR: entrée virale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-P61764FZ-P · transmission from the mother to the fetus · vertically transmitted infection BT: direct transmission viral envelope FR: transmission verticale BT: virion URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BN692CDR-X A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life-cycle when traveling between vesiculovirus host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. The envelopes are typically BT: viral vector derived from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins), but include some viral glycoproteins. (Wikipedia) Vesiculovirus is a genus of Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, within the order Mononegavirales. FR: enveloppe virale (Wikipédia) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RMLDNR45-M EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope FR: vesiculovirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enveloppe_virale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XNJ8RXN4-3 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesiculovirus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesiculovirus viral infection → viral disease Vicugna pacos Syn: alpaca BT: · intermediate host · mammal FR: Vicugna pacos URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Q0T4LWNG-K viral antigen BT: antigen RT: · antigen test · N protein · spike protein FR: antigène viral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X1LQSMDF-S

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 167 VIRAL LIFE CYCLE

viral life cycle viral protein Syn: infection cycle BT: · Coronavirinae BT: virus-host interaction · protein marker NT: · adsorption · therapeutic target · binding NT: · accessory protein · encapsidation · non-structural protein · endocytosis · pathogen-associated molecular pattern · exocytosis · polyprotein · fusion · structural protein · infectiousness · viral protease · pathogenicity RT: antigen test · replication Viral protein is both a component and a product of a virus. Viral proteins · traduction are grouped according to their functions, and groups of viral proteins · transcription include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, · viral entry and accessory proteins. (Wikipedia) FR: cycle de vie viral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-Z406KJRC-C FR: protéine virale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FDL2BNX0-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_protein viral load → viremia viral reactivation Syn: · reactivation of the virus viral particle · virus reactivation BT: contagiousness → virion FR: réactivation du virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JKK3HZXS-0 viral pathogen → virus viral respiratory illness BT: viral disease viral pneumonia NT: · coronavirus infection · Orthomyxoviridae infection BT: pneumonia · Paramyxoviridae infection FR: pneumopathie virale FR: infection respiratoire virale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-FDFFK3KH-N URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PC7GKX2F-C viral protease viral ribonucleic acid BT: viral protein → viral RNA NT: · non-structural protein 11 · non-structural protein 12 · non-structural protein 13 viral RNA · non-structural protein 16 Syn: viral ribonucleic acid · non-structural protein 3 BT: RNA · non-structural protein 5 NT: positive sense single stranded RNA FR: protéase virale FR: ARN viral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-JDX85J1V-D URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CTZ8KK2R-T

viral RNA polymerase inhibitor BT: antiviral NT: favipiravir FR: inhibiteur de l'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-VDBLMNGF-Z

viral shedding BT: contagiousness FR: excrétion virale URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-NNP6WR04-2

168 | Covid-19 Thesaurus VIRUS

viral spread viremia BT: contagiousness Syn: viral load FR: dispersion virale BT: hematological marker URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-LSG3BW56-T Viremia is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. (Wikipedia) viral tropism FR: virémie Syn: viral cellular tropism URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QMVS8C8J-G BT: virus EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viremia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%A9mie NT: · host cell · mers-cov tropism · organ virion · sars-cov tropism Syn: · viral particle · sars-cov-2 tropism · virus particle FR: tropisme viral BT: Coronavirinae URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-MBZ906C1-F NT: · capsid · genome viral vaccine vector · nucleocapsid Syn: · · viral envelope · viral vectored vaccine A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid BT: vaccine candidate surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid. (Wikipedia) NT: · adenovirus vaccine vector FR: virion · lentivirus vaccine vector URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-GHJ0XL6J-0 · measles vector vaccine EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus#Structure RT: viral vector https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virion FR: vaccin à vecteur viral URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-CLRHG06S-0 virological nucleic acid pcr tests → molecular assay viral vector BT: technology platform virological test NT: · adenovirus · lentivirus → molecular assay · measles morbillivirus · non-replicant viral vector viroporin 8a protein · poxvirus → protein 8a · replicant viral vector · vesiculovirus RT: viral vaccine vector virulence Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver → pathogenicity genetic material into cells. (Wikipedia)

FR: vecteur viral virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-PC62RFKX-5 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector Syn: · viral pathogen https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vecteur_viral · viruses NT: · emerging virus viral vectored vaccine · respiratory virus · RNA virus → viral vaccine vector · variant virus · viral tropism viral vector vaccine · zoonotic virus → viral vaccine vector A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. (Wikipedia) FR: virus URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-BX849NND-W EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 169 VIRUS-HOST INTERACTION

virus-host interaction virus reactivation Syn: · host-pathogen interaction → viral reactivation · virus host cell interaction · virus-host interplay VOC-202012/01 NT: · apoptosis · autophagy → VUI-202012/01 · cell migration · cellular differentiation VUI-202012/01 · hydro-sodium homeostasis · mitochondrial biogenesis Syn: · "Variant Under Investigation” in December 2020 · protein marker · VOC-202012/01 · pyroptosis · Variant Of Concern-202012/01 · signal transduction · Variant of Concern, year 2020, month 12, variant · viral life cycle 01 FR: interaction virus-hôte BT: new coronavirus variant URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QMRDW8FC-Z RT: · COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium · N501Y mutation · P681H mutation virus-host interplay Variant of Concern 202012/01 (VOC-202012/01; also known as lineage → virus-host interaction B.1.1.7, see § Nomenclature) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The variant was first detected in October 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from a sample taken virus-like particle the previous month, and it quickly began to spread by mid-December. It BT: technology platform is correlated with a significant increase in the rate of COVID-19 infection in United Kingdom; this increase is thought to be at least partly because Virus-like particles (VLPs) are molecules that closely resemble viruses, of change N501Y (see nomenclature for mutations) inside the spike but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain, which is needed for binding They can be naturally occurring or synthesized through the individual to ACE2 in human cells. The variant is also notable for the higher expression of viral structural proteins, which can then self assemble into number of mutations it contains compared to the recorded trend to date. the virus-like structure. (Wikipedia) (Wikipédia) FR: pseudo-particule virale FR: VUI-202012/01 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R2NRFQQV-L URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-R7GK2HSS-7 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_of_Concern_202012/01 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particule_pseudo-virale https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC-202012/01 virus 2019-nCoV VXA-CoV2-1 → SARS-CoV-2 BT: adenovirus vaccine vector RT: · non-replicant viral vector virus disease · type 5 adenovirus · Vaxart → viral disease FR: VXA-CoV2-1 URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-L619JB46-H viruses → virus virus host cell interaction → virus-host interaction virus infection → viral disease virus origins → natural reservoir virus particle → virion

170 | Covid-19 Thesaurus WUHAN CITY

World Health Organization Syn: WHO W BT: international organization NT: · Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety · Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on waist-hip ratio Immunization Syn: waist/hip ratio · WHO Expert Committee on Biological BT: obesity Standardization RT: Solidarity The waist-hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This is calculated as The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W ÷ H). (Wikipedia) United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure and FR: rapport taille-hanches principles, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RXD9V033-V the highest possible level of health." (Wikipedia) EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waist%E2%80%93hip_ratio https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapport_taille/hanches FR: Organisation mondiale de la santé URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M1NRPLW5-H EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization waist/hip ratio https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_de_la_sant %C3%A9 → waist-hip ratio

worldwide outbreak Walvax Biotechnology Co → pandemic → Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology

Wuhan WHO → Wuhan city → World Health Organization

Wuhan-Hu-1-CoV WHO Expert Committee on Biological → SARS-CoV-2 Standardization BT: World Health Organization RT: vaccination Wuhan city The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization is Syn: Wuhan commissioned by WHO to establish detailed recommendations and BT: Hubei Province guidelines for the manufacturing, licensing, and control of blood NT: Huanan seafood wholesale market products, cell regulators, vaccines and related in vitro diagnostic Wuhan (simplified Chinese: ##; traditional Chinese: ##, [ù .xâ n]) is the tests. Members of the Expert Committee are scientists from national capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the control agencies, academia, research institutes, public health bodies largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a and the pharmaceutical industry acting as individual experts and not population of over 11 million, the ninth-most populous Chinese city and as representatives of their respective organizations or employers. one of the nine National Central Cities of China. (Wikipedia) World Health Organization. "WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization." (Retrieved 08/12/2020 from https://www.who.int/ FR: Wuhan biologicals/expert_committee/en/) URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-QC883KL6-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan FR: Comité d’experts de la Standardisation biologique https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-X5PJ8JQ6-R

Wuhan coronavirus wildlife animal → SARS-CoV-2 BT: animal FR: animal sauvage URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-KK5960TD-F Wuhan pneumonia coronavirus → SARS-CoV-2

Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus → SARS-CoV-2

Wuhan virus → SARS-CoV-2

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 171 YUNNAN WALVAX BIOTECHNOLOGY Y

Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology Syn: Walvax Biotechnology Co BT: Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory RT: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine FR: Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-M4ZH41BB-N

172 | Covid-19 Thesaurus ZOONOTIC VIRUS Z zoonosis → zoonotic disease zoonotic coronavirus BT: zoonotic virus NT: · HCoV-229E · HCoV-HKU1 · HCoV-NL63 · HCoV-OC43 · MERS-CoV · SARS-CoV · SARS-CoV-2 FR: coronavirus zoonotique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-C8WHBFNM-L zoonotic disease Syn: zoonosis NT: · coronavirus disease 2019 · intermediate host · Middle East respiratory syndrome · natural reservoir · severe acute respiratory syndrome A zoonosis (plural zoonoses, or zoonotic diseases) is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or prion) that has jumped from a non-human animal (usually a vertebrate) to a human. Typically, the first infected human transmits the infectious agent to at least one other human, who, in turn, infects others. (Wikipedia) FR: maladie zoonotique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-RZFHXS1N-1 EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonose zoonotic transmission → animal to human transmission zoonotic viral pathogen → zoonotic virus zoonotic virus Syn: zoonotic viral pathogen BT: virus NT: zoonotic coronavirus FR: virus zoonotique URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/C0X-XGP7VM99-J

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 173 LIST OF ENTRIES

List of entries

English French Page

• 2002 2002 8 • 2003 2003 8 • 2004 2004 8 • 2005 2005 8 • 2012 2012 8 • 2019 2019 8 • 3 LNP-mRNAs 3 LNP-mRNAs 9 • 501Y.V2 501Y.V2 10 • A222V mutation mutation A222V 12 • accessory protein protéine accessoire 12 • ACORES-2 ACORES-2 12 • acute liver failure insuffisance hépatique aiguë 12 • acute pneumonia pneumonie aiguë 12 • acute renal failure insuffisance rénale aiguë 12 • acute respiratory distress syndrome syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë 12 • acute respiratory failure insuffisance respiratoire aiguë 13 • Ad26.COV2.S Ad26.COV2.S 13 • Ad5-nCoV Ad5-nCoV 13 • adaptative immune cell cellule immunitaire adaptative 13 • adaptative immunity immunité adaptative 13 • adaptative immunity function fonction de l'immunité adaptative 13 • adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 protéine kinase 1 associée à l'AP-2 13 • adaptor-related protein complex 2 complexe AP-2 13 • Addimune Corporation Addimune Corporation 14 • adenosine nucleoside analogue analogue nucléosidique de l'adénosine 14 • adenovirus adénovirus 14 • adenovirus vaccine vector vaccin à vecteur adénoviral 14 • AdimrSC-2f AdimrSC-2f 14 • adipokine adipokine 14 • adiponectin adiponectine 14 • adjuvant adjuvant 14 • adsorption adsorption 14 • adult adulte 15 • AdvaxTM AdvaxTM 15 • aerosol transmission transmission par aérosol 15 • African continent continent africain 15 • AG0301-COVID19 AG0301-COVID19 15 • age âge 15 • age-adjusted rate taux par âge 15 • ageusia agueusie 15 • airborne transmission transmission aérienne 15

174 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• Al-Jawf Region région d’Al Jawf 15 • alanine aminotransferase alanine aminotransférase 16 • alcohol gel gel hydroalcoolique 16 • alcoholism alcoolisme 16 • alpha chain chaîne alpha 16 • alphacoronavirus alphacoronavirus 16 • alternative mask masque alternatif 16 • aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant ajuvant à base d'hydroxyde d'aluminium 16 • aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant adjuvant à base d'hydroxyphosphate 17 d’aluminium • aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant adjuvant à base d'oxyhydroxyde 17 d’aluminium • aluminium phosphate based adjuvant adjuvant à base de phosphate d'aluminum 17 • aluminum hydroxide and magnesium adjuvant à base d'hydroxyde d'aluminium et 17 hydroxide-based adjuvant d'hydroxyde de magnésium • aluminum salt-based adjuvant adjuvant à base de sels d'aluminium 17 • American agency agence américaine 17 • American continent continent américain 17 • American institute institut américain 17 • American organization organisme américain 17 • American subcontinent sous-continent américain 17 • aminopeptidase N aminopeptidase N 17 • aminoquinoline aminoquinoléine 18 • anakinra anakinra 18 • angiotensin converting enzyme 1 enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 1 18 • angiotensin converting enzyme 2 enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 2 18 • angiotensin I angiotensine I 18 • angiotensin II angiotensine II 19 • angiotensin II receptor blocker antagoniste des récepteurs de l'angiotensine 19 II • angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor inhibiteur de l'enzyme de conversion de 18 l'angiotensine • Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical 19 • animal animal 19 • animal to human transmission transmission animal-homme 19 • anosmia anosmie 19 • anthelmintic anthelminthique 19 • anti-C5a monoclonal antibody anticorps monoclonal anti-C5a 19 • anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody anticorps monoclonal anti-CD147 19 • anti-CoV antibody anticorps anti-CoV 19 • anti-projection mask masque de protection 20 • anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody anticorps anti-SRAS-CoV-2 20 • antibiotic antibiotique 20 • antibody anticorps 20 • antibody titre titre d'anticorps 20 • anticardiolipin antibody anticorps anticardiolipines 20 • antigen antigène 20 • antigen presentation présentation de l'antigène 21

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 175 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• antigen receptor récepteur d'antigène 21 • antigen test test antigénique 21 • antigen-presenting cell cellule présentatrice d'antigène 21 • antimalarial agent antipaludéen 21 • antimicrobial peptides peptide anti-microbien 21 • antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody anticorps antiphospholipides 21 • antiviral antiviral 22 • apoptosis apoptose 22 • Arabian Peninsula péninsule arabe 22 • ARCT-021 ARCT-021 22 • Arctonyx collaris Arctonyx collaris 22 • Arcturus Therapeutics Arcturus Therapeutics 22 • arterial smooth muscle cell cellule musculaire lisse artérielle 22 • artificial respiration ventilation artificielle 22 • Asian continent continent asiatique 22 • ASO3 ASO3 23 • aspartate aminotransferase aspartate aminotransférase 23 • aspiration aspiration 23 • AstraZeneca AstraZeneca 23 • AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine vaccin AstraZeneca/Oxford 23 • asymptomatic transmission transmission asymptomatique 23 • attack rate taux d'attaque 23 • Australian organization organisme australien 23 • Australian pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique australien 24 • Australian university université australienne 24 • autoantibody auto-anticorps 24 • autoimmune disease maladie autoimmune 24 • autophagosome autophagosome 24 • autophagy autophagie 24 • avermectin avermectine 24 • Aves Aves 24 • azithromycin azithromycine 24 • B lymphocyte lymphocyte B 30 • b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine 25 • bacTRL-Spike bacTRL-Spike 25 • baricitinib baricitinib 25 • barrier measure mesure barrière 25 • barrier species barrière d'espèces 25 • basic reproduction number taux de reproduction de base 25 • basigin basigine 26 • basophil polynucléaire basophile 26 • bat SARS-like coronavirus bat SRAS-like coronavirus 26 • bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 bat-SRAS-like (SL)-ZC45 26 • bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 bat-SRAS-like (SL)-ZXC21 26 • bayesian network réseau bayésien 26 • BBIBP-CorV BBIBP-CorV 27

176 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• BCG vaccine vaccin BCG 27 • Beijing Bio-Institute Biological Products Institut de produits biologiques de Pékin 27 • Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Institut de Biotechnologie de Pékin 27 • benefit-risk balance balance bénéfice/risque 27 • betacoronavirus bétacoronavirus 28 • betacoronavirus lineage A bétacoronavirus clade A 28 • betacoronavirus lineage B bétacoronavirus clade B 28 • betacoronavirus lineage C bétacoronavirus clade C 28 • Bharat Biotech Bharat Biotech 28 • Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine vaccin Bharat Biotech 28 • binding attachement 28 • biochemical marker marqueur biochimique 29 • biological diagnosis diagnostic biologique 29 • Biopharmaceutical New Technologies Biopharmaceutical New Technologies 29 • bitopic protein protéine bitopique 29 • blood sang 29 • blood cell cellule sanguine 29 • bluetooth bluetooth 29 • body mass index indice de masse corporelle 30 • Bovidae Bovidae 30 • Brazil Brésil 30 • Brazilian institute institut brésilien 30 • Brazilian organization organisme brésilien 30 • British trial essai britannique 30 • bronchoalveolar lavage lavage bronchoalvéolaire 30 • bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation lymphoïde respiratoire 30 • Butantan Institute Institut Butantan 31 • C reactive protein protéine C réactive 46 • Cadila Healthcare Cadila Healthcare 32 • calprotectin calprotectine 32 • Camelus dromedarius Camelus dromedarius 32 • camostat mesylate mésylate de camostat 32 • Canada Canada 32 • Canadian organization organisme canadien 32 • Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique canadien 33 • candidate drug candidat médicament 33 • candidate treatment traitement candidat 33 • CanSino Biologics CanSino Biologics 33 • capsid capside 33 • carboxypeptidase carboxypeptidase 33 • cardiogenic shock choc cardiogénique 33 • cardiovascular disease maladie cardiovasculaire 34 • case number nombre de cas 34 • case-fatality rate taux de létalité apparent 34 • Castor fiber Castor fiber 34 • casual contact contact occasionnel 34

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 177 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• catB/L activity activité catB/L 34 • cathepsin B cathepsine B 34 • cathepsin L cathepsine L 34 • CD4 T helper cell lymphocyte T auxiliaire activé 35 • cell migration migration cellulaire 35 • cell therapy thérapie cellulaire 35 • cell type type cellulaire 35 • cell-mediated immunity immunité cellulaire 35 • cellular differentiation différenciation cellulaire 35 • cellular fibromyxoid exudate exsudat fibromyxoid cellulaire 35 • cellular receptor récepteur cellulaire 36 • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des 36 maladies • central memory CD4 T cell lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire centrale 36 • central memory CD8 T cell lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire centrale 36 • Centre national de la recherche scientifique Centre national de la recherche scientifique 36 • cerebrovascular disease maladie vasculaire cérébrale 36 • ChAdOx1 ChAdOx1 36 • ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 36 • chemokine chimiokine 36 • chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 chimiokine (motif C - C) ligand 5 37 • chest computerized tomography tomodensitométrie thoracique 37 • chest imaging imagerie thoracique 37 • chest radiography radiographie thoracique 37 • child enfant 37 • chimpanzee adenovirus adénovirus du chimpanzé 37 • China Chine 37 • China National Pharmaceutical Group groupe pharmaceutique national chinois 37 • Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Académie chinoise des sciences médicales 37 • Chinese Center for Disease Control and Centre chinois de contrôle et de prévention 37 Prevention des maladies • Chinese institute institut chinois 38 • Chinese organization organisme chinois 38 • Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique chinois 38 • Chinese province province de Chine 38 • Chinese university université chinoise 38 • Chiroptera Chiroptera 38 • chloroquine chloroquine 38 • chronic disease maladie chronique 39 • chronic respiratory insufficiency insuffisance respiratoire chronique 39 • ChulaCov19 ChulaCov19 39 • Chulalongkorn University Université Chulalongkorn 39 • clathrin clathrine 39 • clinical research recherche clinique 39 • clinical trial essai clinique 40 • close contact contact étroit 40 • close family contact contact familial proche 40

178 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia 40 • cluster cluster 40 • Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Coalition internationale CEPI 40 Innovations • cohort study étude de cohorte 40 • Comirnaty Comirnaty 41 • commercial vaccine vaccin commercialisé 41 • common clinical feature signe général 41 • common cold rhume 41 • communicable period période de transmissibilité 41 • community acquired pneumonia pneumonie acquise en communauté 41 • comorbidity comorbidité 41 • compartmental model modèle compartimental 42 • complication complication 42 • conditional marketing authorisation autorisation de mise sur le marché 42 conditionnelle • confined indoor space espace intérieur confiné 42 • confinement confinement 42 • confirmed case cas confirmé 42 • congenital disease maladie congénitale 42 • consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving consortium Pan-European Privacy 42 Proximity Tracing Preserving Proximity Tracing • contact contact 42 • contact tracing traçage des contacts 43 • contagiousness contagiosité 43 • continent continent 43 • continuous positive airway pressure ventilation en pression positive continue 43 • CORIMUNO -19 CORIMUNO -19 43 • coronary heart disease cardiopathie coronaire 43 • CoronaVac CoronaVac 43 • Coronaviridae Coronaviridae 44 • Coronavirinae Coronavirinae 44 • coronavirus disease 2019 maladie à coronavirus 2019 44 • coronavirus infection infection à coronavirus 45 • Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 44 Vaccine • corticosteroid corticostéroïde 45 • CORVax12 CORVax12 45 • country of the Asian continent pays du continent asiatique 45 • country of the European continent pays du continent européen 45 • CoVac-1 CoVac-1 45 • COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) 45 • Covaxin Covaxin 45 • Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy plasma de patients convalescents du 45 Covid-19 • COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) 46 Consortium Consortium • Covid-19/aAPC Covid-19/aAPC 45

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 179 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• COVID-ICU COVID-ICU 46 • COVIDEF COVIDEF 46 • Covidicus Covidicus 46 • Covigenix VAX-001 Covigenix VAX-001 46 • Coviplasm Coviplasm 46 • CpG CpG 46 • CpG ODN 1018 CpG ODN 1018 46 • critical case cas critique 46 • critically ill état critique 46 • cross immunity immunité croisée 47 • Cuban institute institut cubain 47 • Cuban organization organisme cubain 47 • Curevac Curevac 47 • CVnCoV Vaccine CVnCoV Vaccine 47 • cXc-chemokine chimiokine possédant des motifs cXc 47 • cytokine cytokine 48 • cytokine storm syndrome choc cytokinique 48 • cytotoxic T lymphocyte lymphocyte T cytotoxique 48 • D-dimer D-dimère 49 • D614G mutation mutation D614G 49 • D80Y mutation mutation D80Y 49 • database base de données 49 • date date 49 • Dawmet Aljandal Dawmet Aljandal 49 • death décès 49 • Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity 49 Tracing Tracing • degenerative disease maladie dégénérative 49 • degranulation dégranulation 49 • deletion délétion 49 • delta chain chaîne delta 50 • deltacoronavirus deltacoronavirus 50 • dendritic cell cellule dendritique 50 • depression dépression 50 • detecting viral RNA détection de l'ARN viral 50 • dexamethasone dexaméthasone 50 • diabetes mellitus type 2 diabète de type 2 50 • diagnosis diagnostic 50 • dialysis dialyse 51 • diarrhoea diarrhée 51 • diffuse alveolar damage atteinte alvéolaire diffuse 51 • digital tracking traçage numérique 51 • dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 51 • direct transmission transmission directe 51 • direct vaccine effectiveness efficacité vaccinale directe 52 • Directorate-General of Health Direction générale de la santé 51 • Discovery Discovery 52

180 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• disseminated intravascular coagulation coagulation intravasculaire disséminée 52 • DNA ADN 52 • DNA amplification amplification de l'ADN 52 • DNA vaccine vaccin à ADN 52 • domestic animal animal domestique 52 • droplets transmission transmission par gouttelettes 53 • drug class classe pharmacologique 53 • drug combination association médicamenteuse 53 • dry cough toux sèche 53 • dyspnea dyspnée 53 • E protein protéine E 58 • E484K mutation mutation E484K 54 • EasyCov EasyCov 54 • ECHOVID ECHOVID 54 • eculizumab éculizumab 54 • effective reproduction number nombre de reproduction effectif 54 • effector cell lymphocyte effecteur 54 • effector memory CD4 T cell lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire effectrice 54 • effector memory CD8 T cell lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire effectrice 54 • elderly person personne âgée 54 • ELISA N assay test ELISA N 54 • ELISA S assay test ELISA S 54 • ELISA test test ELISA 55 • emergence émergence 55 • emerging coronavirus coronavirus émergent 55 • emerging disease maladie émergente 55 • emerging viral infection infection virale émergente 55 • emerging virus virus émergent 55 • encapsidation encapsidation 55 • endocytosis endocytose 56 • endosome endosome 56 • endothelial cell cellule endothéliale 56 • endotracheal aspirate aspiration endotrachéale 56 • enterocyte entérocyte 56 • Entos Pharmaceuticals Entos Pharmaceuticals 56 • ENVIROREA ENVIROREA 56 • eosinopenia éosinopénie 56 • eosinophil polynucléaire éosinophile 57 • epicentre épicentre 57 • epidemic épidémie 57 • epidemic curve courbe épidémique 57 • epidemic forecasting prévision épidémique 57 • epidemiologic study étude épidémiologique 57 • epidemiological monitoring surveillance épidémiologique 57 • epidemiology épidémiologie 57 • epithelial cell cellule épithéliale 57

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 181 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• epitope épitope 58 • EpiVacCorona EpiVacCorona 58 • epsilon chain chaîne epsilon 58 • erythrocyte sedimentation rate vitesse de sédimentation 58 • European agency agence européenne 58 • European association association européenne 58 • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Centre européen de prévention et de 58 Control contrôle des maladies • European continent continent européen 58 • European Medicines Agency Agence européenne du médicament 58 • European organization organisme européen 58 • European trial essai européen 58 • European vaccine strategy stratégie vaccinale européenne 59 • exocytosis exocytose 59 • exposure risk risque d'exposition 59 • extracorporeal membrane oxygenation oxygénation extracorporelle de membrane 59 • facilitating antibody anticorps facilitant 61 • false negative faux négatif 61 • false positive faux positif 61 • fatigue fatigue 61 • favipiravir favipiravir 61 • Fc receptor récepteur Fc 61 • FcγRII récepteur FcgammaRII (CD32) 61 • feces fécès 61 • Federal Budgetary Research Institution Federal Budgetary Research Institution 62 State Research Center of Virology and State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" Biotechnology "Vector" • Felis catus Felis catus 62 • female femme 62 • ferritin ferritine 62 • fever fièvre 62 • FFP-mask masque FFP 62 • FFP2-mask masque FFP2 62 • FFP3-mask masque FFP3 62 • fingerstick blood sang prélevé du doigt 63 • FINLAY-FR-1 FINLAY-FR-1 63 • first phase of the disease première phase de la maladie 63 • first wave première vague 63 • fomite objet contaminé 63 • Food and Drug Administration Food and Drug Administration 63 • Foshan Foshan 63 • France France 63 • French agency agence française 63 • French authority instance française 63 • French High Council on Public Health Haut Conseil de la santé publique 63 • French institute institut français 63 • French ministry ministère français 63

182 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• French National Authority for Health Haute Autorité de Santé 63 • French organization organisme français 64 • French pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique français 64 • French research organization organisme de recherche français 64 • French trial essai français 64 • funeral funérailles 64 • funeral practice pratique funéraire 64 • furin furine 64 • fusion fusion 64 • fusion peptide peptide de fusion 64 • G clade clade G 66 • galidesivir galidesivir 65 • Gam-COVID-Vac Gam-COVID-Vac 65 • Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo 65 • Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology institut de recherche Gamaleya 65 and Microbiology d'épidémiologie et de microbiologie • gamma chain chaîne gamma 65 • gammacoronavirus gammacoronavirus 65 • ganciclovir ganciclovir 66 • gastrointestinal manifestation manifestation gastrointestinale 66 • γδT cell lymphocyte T γδ 66 • GenBank GenBank 66 • gender ratio sex-ratio 66 • gene gène 66 • gene expression expression génique 67 • genetic distance distance génétique 67 • genetic variation variation génétique 67 • Genexine Inc Genexine Inc 67 • genome génome 67 • genome sequence séquence de génome 67 • genome sequencing séquençage du génome 67 • German organization organisme allemand 67 • German pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique allemand 68 • German university université allemande 68 • Germany Allemagne 68 • GH clade clade GH 68 • GISAID Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza 68 Data • GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline 68 • Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety Comité consultatif mondial de la sécurité 68 vaccinale • global positioning system système de positionnement global 68 • glove gant 68 • glucocorticoid glucocorticoïde 68 • glucopyranosyl lipid A glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant 69 • goggles lunettes de protection 69 • gorilla adenovirus adénovirus du gorille 69

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 183 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• GR clade clade GR 69 • GRad-COV2 GRad-COV2 69 • granulocyte granulocyte 69 • granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio ratio granulocyte/lymphocyte 69 • granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating facteur stimulant les colonies de 69 factor-positive granulocytes et de macrophages • ground-glass opacities image en verre dépoli 69 • Guangdong Province province de Guangdong 70 • Guangzhou Guangzhou 70 • guidelines on hand hygiene in health care directives sur l'hygiène des mains dans les 70 soins de santé • Guillain-Barré syndrome polyradiculonévrite de Guillain-Barré 70 • gut-associated lymphoid tissue formation lymphoïde digestive 70 • GV clade clade GV 70 • GX-19 GX-19 70 • haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis lymphohistiocytose hémophagocytaire 71 • hand hygiene hygiène des mains 71 • hand washing lavage des mains 71 • hand-mediated transmission transmission manu-portée 71 • haptoglobin haptoglobine 71 • HCoV-229E HCoV-229E 71 • HCoV-HKU1 HCoV-HKU1 72 • HCoV-NL63 HCoV-NL63 72 • HCoV-OC43 HCoV-OC43 72 • HE protein protéine HE 74 • healing guérison 72 • health crisis crise sanitaire 73 • health indicator indicateur 73 • health information system système d'information sanitaire 73 • Health Ministry of the Russian Federation Ministère de la Santé de la Fédération de 73 Russie • health system système de santé 73 • healthcare center centre de soins 72 • healthcare system système de soin 73 • healthcare worker personnel soignant 73 • heart coeur 73 • heart disease cardiopathie 73 • heart failure insuffisance cardiaque 74 • heavy chain chaîne lourde 74 • hematological marker marqueur sanguin 74 • Henan Province province de Henan 74 • Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control Centre de contrôle et de prévention des 74 and Prevention maladies de la province de Henan • herd immunity immunité de groupe 74 • heterologous recombination recombinaison hétérologue 74 • high risk patient patient à haut risque 75 • high viral load patient personne à haute charge virale 75 • high-risk contact contact à risque élevé 75

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• histological diagnosis diagnostic histologique 75 • home surveillance surveillance à domicile 75 • homologous recombination recombinaison homologue 75 • homologous RNA recombination recombinaison d'ARN homologue 75 • Hong Kong Hong Kong 75 • horseshoe bat chauve-souris fer à cheval 75 • hospitalization hospitalisation 75 • host cell cellule hôte 75 • host cell protease protéase de la cellule hôte 75 • host cell protein protéine de la cellule hôte 76 • household milieu familial 76 • Huanan seafood wholesale market marché de gros de fruits de mer de Huanan 76 • Hubei Province province du Hubei 76 • human adenovirus adénovirus humain 76 • human coronavirus coronavirus humain 76 • human flu grippe humaine 77 • human parainfluenza virus type 1 virus parainfluenza humain de type 1 77 • human parainfluenza virus type 3 virus parainfluenza humain de type 3 77 • human to human transmission transmission homme-homme 77 • humoral immunity immunité humorale 77 • hydro-sodium homeostasis homéostasie hydrosodée 77 • hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine 78 • hyperbaric oxygen therapy oxygénothérapie hyperbare 78 • hypercoagulability hypercoagulabilité 78 • hypercytokinemia hypercytokinémie 78 • hyperferritinemia hyperferritinémie 78 • hyperinflammation hyperinflammation 78 • hyperleukocytosis hyperleucocytose 78 • hypertension hypertension artérielle 78 • hypokalemia hypokaliémie 78 • IFITM protein protéine IFITM 79 • IFITM3 protein protéine IFITM3 79 • imaging imagerie 79 • imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone déséquilibre du système rénine- 80 system angiotensine-aldostérone • immune cell cellule immunitaire 80 • immune response réponse immunitaire 80 • immune response protein protéine de la réponse immunitaire 80 • immunity immunité 80 • immunization policy politique vaccinale 80 • immunization recommendation recommandation vaccinale 80 • immunization schedule calendrier vaccinal 80 • immunization stress-related response réponse liée au stress vaccinal 81 • immuno-inflammatory cascade cascade immuno inflammatoire 81 • immunoglobulin immunoglobuline 81 • immunoglobulin A immunoglobuline A 81 • immunoglobulin D immunoglobuline D 81

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• immunoglobulin E immunoglobuline E 81 • immunoglobulin G immunoglobuline G 81 • immunoglobulin M immunoglobuline M 81 • immunoglobulin protein chain chaîne protéique des immunoglobulines 82 • immunologic deficiency déficit immunitaire 82 • immunologic repertoire répertoire immunitaire 82 • immunological memory mémoire immunologique 82 • immunomodulation immunomodulation 82 • immunomodulator immunomodulateur 82 • immunophenotype phénotype immunitaire 82 • immunosenescence immunosénescence 82 • immunosuppression immunosuppression 82 • immunotherapy immunothérapie 83 • immunothrombosis immunothrombose 83 • Imperial College London Imperial College London 83 • imported case cas importé 83 • in-hospital mortality mortalité hospitalière 83 • Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia 83 (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) • Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine vaccin inactivé SARS-CoV-2 83 • inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus virus SARS-CoV-2 inactivé 83 • inactivated vaccine vaccin inerte 83 • inactivated virus virus inactivé 83 • incidence incidence 84 • incubation period période d'incubation 84 • index case cas index 84 • India Inde 84 • Indian Council of Medical Research Indian Council of Medical Research 84 • Indian organization organisme indien 84 • Indian pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique indien 84 • Indian research organization organisme de recherche indien 84 • indication indication 84 • indirect transmission transmission indirecte 84 • indirect vaccine effectiveness efficacité vaccinale indirecte 85 • individual immunity immunité individuelle 85 • infant mortality rate taux de mortalité infantile 85 • infection case cas d'infection 85 • infection fatality rate taux de létalité réel 85 • infection-associated enhanced disease maladie aggravée associée à l'infection 85 • infectious disease maladie infectieuse 85 • infectiousness infectiosité 85 • inflammasome inflammasome 85 • inflammation inflammation 86 • inflammatory disease maladie inflammatoire 86 • inflammatory marker marqueur inflammatoire 86 • inflammatory protein protéine de l'inflammation 86 • influenza A virus virus influenza A 86

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• influenza B virus virus influenza B 86 • influenza virus virus influenza 86 • INHASCO INHASCO 87 • innate immune cell cellule immunitaire innée 87 • innate immunity immunité innée 87 • innate immunity function fonction de l'immunité innée 87 • INO-4800 INO-4800 87 • Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inovio Pharmaceuticals 87 • Institut national de la santé et de la recherche Institut national de la santé et de la 88 médicale recherche médicale • Instituto Finlay de Vacunas Instituto Finlay de Vacunas 88 • intensive care unit unité de soins intensifs 88 • interferon alpha interféron alpha 88 • interferon beta interféron bêta 88 • interferon gamma interféron gamma 89 • interferon omega interféron oméga 89 • interferon type I interféron de type I 89 • interferon type II interféron de type II 89 • interferon type III interféron de type III 89 • interleukin 1 interleukine 1 89 • interleukin 1 inhibitor inhibiteur d'interleukine-1 89 • interleukin 10 interleukine 10 89 • interleukin 17 interleukine 17 89 • interleukin 18 interleukine 18 89 • interleukin 2 interleukine 2 90 • interleukin 4 interleukine 4 90 • interleukin 6 interleukine 6 90 • interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor inhibiteur des récepteurs de l'interleukine 6 90 • interleukin 7 interleukine 7 90 • interleukin 8 interleukine 8 90 • interleukin inhibitor inhibiteur d'interleukine 90 • intermediate host hôte intermédiaire 90 • International Committee on Taxonomy of Comité international de taxonomie des virus 91 Viruses • international organization organisme international 91 • international research laboratories laboratoire de recherche international 91 • international trial essai international 91 • interspecies transmission transmission interespèce 91 • intestine intestin 91 • intrafamilial transmission transmission intra-familiale 91 • intravascular coagulopathy coagulopathie intravasculaire 91 • intubation intubation 91 • invasive ventilation ventilation invasive 91 • isolation isolement 92 • isotype isotype 92 • Italian organization organisme italien 92 • Italian pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique italien 92

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• Italy Italie 92 • ivermectin ivermectine 92 • JAK-STAT JAK-STAT 93 • Janssen Pharmaceutica Janssen Pharmaceutica 93 • Janus kinase Janus kinase 93 • Janus kinase 1 Janus kinase 1 93 • Janus kinase 2 Janus kinase 2 93 • Janus kinase 3 Janus kinase 3 93 • Janus kinase inhibitor inhibiteurs de janus kinase 94 • Japan Japon 94 • Japan Agency for Medical Research and Japan Agency for Medical Research and 94 Development Development • Japanese agency agence japonaise 94 • Japanese organization organisme japonais 94 • Jiangsu Province province du Jiangsu 94 • Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease 94 and Prevention Control and Prevention • Johnson & Johnson Johnson & Johnson 94 • K417N mutation mutation K417N 95 • kappa chain chaîne kappa 95 • Kawasaki disease maladie de Kawasaki 95 • Kazakh organization organisme kazakhstanais 95 • Kazakh research organization organisme de recherche kazakhstanais 95 • KBP-201 KBP-201 95 • Kentucky BioProcessing Kentucky BioProcessing 95 • kidney rein 95 • kinase kinase 95 • L clade clade L 96 • L5S mutation mutation L5S 96 • lambda chain chaîne lambda 96 • Langerhans cell cellule de Langerhans 96 • lentivirus lentivirus 96 • lentivirus vaccine vector vaccin à vecteur lentiviral 96 • leptin leptine 96 • Lepus sinensis Lepus sinensis 97 • leronlimab leronlimab 97 • lifestyle mode de vie 97 • light chain chaîne légère 97 • LIPS assay test LIPS 97 • live attenuated vaccine vaccin vivant atténué 97 • live attenuated virus virus vivant atténué 97 • liver enzyme enzyme hépatique 97 • liver failure insuffisance hépato-cellulaire 97 • local case cas local 97 • lockdown lifting déconfinement 97 • long term care service unité de soins de longue durée 98 • longitudinal study étude longitudinale 98

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• loop-mediated isothermal amplification amplification isotherme médiée par les 98 boucles • lopinavir lopinavir 98 • lopinavir/ritonavir lopinavir/ritonavir 98 • lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a lopinavir/ritonavir + interféron bêta-1a 98 • lower respiratory tract infection infection des voies respiratoires inférieures 98 • lung poumon 98 • lung disease maladie pulmonaire 99 • lung parenchyma parenchyme pulmonaire 99 • lung ultrasound échographie pulmonaire 99 • Luxemburg Luxembourg 99 • LV-SMENP-DC LV-SMENP-DC 99 • lymphocyte lymphocyte 99 • lymphocyte T helper lymphocyte T auxiliaire 99 • lymphopaenia lymphopénie 99 • M protein protéine M 107 • macrophage macrophage 100 • major histocompatibility complex class I complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité de 100 classe I • male homme 100 • malignancy cancer 100 • mammal Mammalia 100 • management of symptomatic patient prise en charge d'un patient symptomatique 100 • Manidae Manidae 100 • manual tracing traçage manuel 101 • marker of disease progression marqueur d'évolutivité 101 • marketing authorization autorisation de mise sur le marché 101 • mast cell mastocyte 101 • Matrix-M™ Matrix-M™ 101 • MDA-5 receptor récepteur MDA-5 101 • measles morbillivirus virus de la rougeole 101 • measles vector vaccine vaccin à vecteur rougeole 101 • mechanical ventilation ventilation mécanique 101 • median age âge médian 102 • Medicago Medicago 102 • Medicines and Healthcare products Medicines and Healthcare products 102 Regulatory Agency Regulatory Agency • Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation 102 • Melogale moschata Melogale moschata 102 • membrane immunoglobulin immunoglobuline membranaire 102 • memory B cell lymphocyte B à mémoire 102 • memory CD4(+) T cell lymphocyte T CD4+ mémoire 102 • memory CD8(+) T cell lymphocyte T CD8+ mémoire 103 • memory cell lymphocyte mémoire 103 • meplazumab méplazumab 103 • Merck Sharp and Dohme Merck Sharp and Dohme 103 • MERS-CoV MERS-CoV 103

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 189 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• mers-cov tropism tropisme du mers-cov 103 • mesenchymal stem cells cellules souches mésenchymateuses 104 • metabolic disease maladie métabolique 104 • metabolic syndrome syndrome métabolique 104 • MF59 MF59 104 • Middle East respiratory syndrome syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient 104 • mitochondrial biogenesis biogenèse mitochondriale 105 • Modcov19 platform plateforme Modcov19 105 • modelling modélisation 105 • Moderna Therapeutics Moderna Therapeutics 105 • Moderna vaccine vaccin Moderna 105 • molecular assay test moléculaire 106 • monoclonal antibody anticorps monoclonal 106 • monocyte monocyte 106 • monocyte–lymphocyte ratio ratio monocyte-lymphocyte 106 • morbidity rate taux de morbidité 106 • mortality rate taux de mortalité 106 • movement restriction restriction des déplacements 106 • mRNA ARNm 107 • mRNA vaccine vaccin à ARNm 107 • mRNA-1273 ARNm-1273 107 • mu chain chaîne mu 107 • mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tissu lymphoïde muqueux 107 • mucosal immunity immunité muqueuse 107 • MULTI-COV MULTI-COV 107 • multiple organ failure défaillance multiviscérale 107 • multiple sclerosis sclérose en plaques 108 • Muntiacus reevesi Muntiacus reevesi 108 • mutation mutation 108 • mutation in S gene mutation du gène S 108 • MVC-COV1901 MVC-COV1901 108 • myalgia myalgie 108 • myocarditis myocardite 108 • N protein protéine N 115 • N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid acide N-acétyl-9-O-acétylneuraminique 109 • N-terminal domain domaine N-terminal 109 • N501Y mutation mutation N501Y 109 • naive cell lymphocyte naïf 109 • nasal microbiome microbiome nasal 109 • nasal swab écouvillonnage nasal 109 • nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen aspiration rhinopharyngée 109 • nasopharyngeal swab écouvillonnage rhinopharyngé 109 • National Agency for Drug Safety Agence nationale de sécurité du 109 médicament et des produits de santé • National Center for Biotechnology Information National Center for Biotechnology 110 Information

190 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Institut national des allergies et des 110 Diseases maladies infectieuses • National Institutes of Health Instituts américains de la santé 110 • National Research Agency Agence nationale de la recherche 110 • natural killer cell cellule NK 110 • natural killer T cell lymphocyte NKT 110 • natural reservoir réservoir naturel 110 • nCov Vaccine nCov Vaccine 110 • Netherlands Pays-Bas 110 • neurologic manifestation manifestation neurologique 111 • neutralization assay test de neutralisation 111 • neutralizing antibody anticorps neutralisant 111 • neutrophil polynucléaire neutrophile 111 • neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio ratio neutrophile-lymphocyte 111 • new coronavirus variant nouveau variant du coronavirus 111 • nicotine nicotine 112 • Nidovirales Nidovirales 112 • NODS-COV-2 NODS-COV-2 112 • non-aluminum adjuvant adjuvant non-aluminique 112 • non-invasive ventilation ventilation non invasive 112 • non-replicant viral vector vecteur viral non répliquant 112 • non-structural protein protéine non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 1 protéine 1 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 10 protéine 10 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 11 protéine 11 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 12 protéine 12 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 13 protéine 13 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 14 protéine 14 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 15 protéine 15 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 16 protéine 16 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 2 protéine 2 non structurale 113 • non-structural protein 3 protéine 3 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 4 protéine 4 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 5 protéine 5 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 6 protéine 6 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 7 protéine 7 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 8 protéine 8 non structurale 114 • non-structural protein 9 protéine 9 non structurale 114 • North American subcontinent sous-continent nord-américain 114 • nosocomial transmission transmission nosocomiale 114 • Novavax Novavax 114 • nucleic acid acide nucléique 115 • nucleic acid vaccine vaccin à base d'acide nucléique 115 • nucleocapsid nucléocapside 116 • NucleoCov2 NucleoCov2 116 • nucleoside analogue analogue nucléoside 116 • nursing care management management des soins infirmiers 116

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 191 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• nursing home établissement d’hébergement pour 116 personnes âgées dépendantes • NVX-CoV2373 NVX-CoV2373 116 • Nyctereutes procyonoides Nyctereutes procyonoides 116 • O clade clade O 117 • obesity obésité 117 • occupational transmission transmission professionnelle 117 • olfaction disorder trouble de l'olfaction 117 • open reading frame cadre de lecture ouvert 117 • ORF1 ORF1 117 • ORF10 ORF10 117 • ORF1a ORF1a 117 • ORF1ab ORF1ab 118 • ORF1b ORF1b 118 • ORF2 ORF2 118 • ORF3a ORF3a 118 • ORF3b ORF3b 118 • ORF4 ORF4 118 • ORF5 ORF5 118 • ORF6 ORF6 118 • ORF7a ORF7a 118 • ORF7b ORF7b 118 • ORF8a ORF8a 118 • ORF8b ORF8b 118 • ORF9b ORF9b 118 • organ organe 118 • organization organisme 119 • oropharyngeal swab écouvillonnage oropharyngé 119 • Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae 119 • Orthomyxoviridae infection infection à Orthomyxoviridae 119 • oseltamivir oséltamivir 119 • outbreak flambée 119 • over the age of 60 years plus de 60 ans 120 • overall vaccine effectiveness efficacité vaccinale globale 120 • oxygen therapy oxygénothérapie 120 • P681H mutation mutation P681H 121 • Paguma larvata Paguma larvata 121 • pandemic pandémie 121 • Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae 121 • Paramyxoviridae infection infection à Paramyxoviridae 121 • Paramyxovirinae Paramyxovirinae 121 • Paramyxovirinae infection infection à Paramyxovirinae 121 • paratope paratope 121 • Pasteur Institute Institut Pasteur 122 • pathogen-associated molecular pattern motif moléculaire associé aux pathogènes 122 • pathogen-specific aAPC pathogen-specific aAPC 122 • pathogenicity pathogénicité 122

192 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• pattern recognition receptor récepteur de reconnaissance de motifs 122 moléculaires • pauci-symptomatic patient patient pauci-symptomatique 122 • pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome syndrome inflammatoire multi-systémique 122 pédiatrique • personal protective equipment équipement de protection individuelle 123 • Pfizer Pfizer 123 • phagocyte phagocyte 123 • phagocytosis phagocytose 123 • pharmacovigilance pharmacovigilance 124 • phase phase 124 • phase 1 phase 1 124 • phase 2 phase 2 124 • phase 3 phase 3 124 • phase 4 phase 4 124 • phylogenetic analysis analyse phylogénétique 124 • physical distancing distanciation physique 124 • plan-do-check-act cycle méthode de gestion de la qualité dite PDCA 125 • plasma cell plasmocyte 125 • plasma therapy plasmathérapie 125 • pleural fluid liquide pleural 125 • pneumocyte pneumocyte 125 • pneumonia pneumopathie infectieuse 125 • Pneumovirinae Pneumovirinae 125 • pneumovirus infection infection à pneumovirus 125 • Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid acide polyinosinique-polycytidylique 125 • polyprotein polyprotéine 126 • polyprotein 1a polyprotéine 1a 126 • polyprotein 1ab polyprotéine 1ab 126 • positive pressure ventilation ventilation à pression positive 126 • positive sense single stranded RNA ARN positif simple brin 126 • positive-strand RNA virus virus à ARN à simple brin à polarité positive 126 • post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome post-traumatique 126 • poxvirus poxvirus 127 • pregnant woman femme enceinte 127 • PREP COVID PREP COVID 127 • presymptomatic transmission transmission pré-symptomatique 127 • prevalence prévalence 127 • prevention prévention 127 • primary case cas primaire 127 • primary prevention prévention primaire 127 • Private Automated Contact Tracing Private Automated Contact Tracing 128 • probable case cas probable 128 • procalcitonin procalcitonine 128 • progression évolution 128 • prohibitin 1 prohibitine 1 128 • prohibitin 2 prohibitine 2 128

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 193 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• prone positioning décubitus ventral 128 • prospective study étude prospective 128 • protease inhibitor inhibiteur de protéase 128 • protective immunity immunité protectrice 128 • protein 10 protéine 10 129 • protein 3a protéine 3a 129 • protein 3b protéine 3b 129 • protein 6 protéine 6 129 • protein 7a protéine 7a 129 • protein 7b protéine 7b 129 • protein 8a protéine 8a 129 • protein 8b protéine 8b 129 • protein 9b protéine 9b 129 • protein marker marqueur protéique 129 • protein sub-unit sous-unité protéique 129 • prothrombin time taux de prothrombine 130 • Providence Health & Services Providence Health & Services 130 • pseudovirus-based neutralization assay test de pseudo-neutralisation 130 • psychological disorder trouble psychologique 130 • public health santé publique 130 • public health measure mesure de santé publique 130 • pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy coagulopathie intravasculaire pulmonaire 131 • pyroptosis pyroptose 131 • QazCovid-in QazCovid-in 132 • quarantine quarantaine 132 • quaternary prevention prévention quaternaire 132 • randomized controlled trial essai randomisé contrôlé 133 • rapid screening test test diagnostique rapide 133 • REACTing consortium consortium REACTing 133 • real-time polymerase chain reaction réaction de polymérisation en chaîne en 133 temps réel • reassortment réassortiment 134 • receptor binding domain domaine de liaison au récepteur 134 • receptor-binding motif motif de liaison au récepteur 134 • recombinant cells vaccine vaccin à cellules recombinantes 134 • Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine 134 cell) (CHO cell) • recombinant protein protéine recombinante 134 • recombination recombinaison 134 • Recovery Recovery 134 • rectal swab écouvillonnage rectal 134 • reinfection réinfection 134 • ReiThera ReiThera 135 • relative risk risque relatif 135 • reliability fiabilité 135 • remdesivir remdésivir 135 • renal failure insuffisance rénale chronique 135

194 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone 135 • replicant viral vector vecteur viral répliquant 135 • replication réplication 135 • Reptilia Reptilia 135 • Republic of Cuba République de Cuba 135 • Research Institute for Biological Safety Research Institute for Biological Safety 136 Problems Problems • resiquimod resiquimod 136 • resistin résistine 136 • respiration manifestation manifestation respiratoire 136 • respiratory droplets gouttelettes respiratoires 136 • respiratory epithelial cell cellule épithéliale respiratoire 136 • respiratory syncytial virus virus respiratoire syncytial 136 • respiratory syncytial virus infection infection à virus respiratoire syncytial 136 • respiratory system appareil respiratoire 136 • respiratory therapy traitement respiratoire 136 • respiratory virus virus respiratoire 137 • respirovirus respirovirus 137 • respirovirus infection infection à respirovirus 137 • retrospective study étude rétrospective 137 • reverse transcription loop-mediated amplification isotherme médiée par boucle 137 isothermal amplification de transcription inverse • reverse-transcription polymerase chain réaction en chaîne par polymérase après 137 reaction transcription inverse • rhinitis rhinite 137 • Rhinolophus affinis Rhinolophus affinis 137 • Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 137 • Rhinolophus sinicus Rhinolophus sinicus 137 • ribavirin ribavirine 138 • ribosomal frameshifting décalage ribosomique 138 • RIG-I-like receptor récepteur de type RIG-I 138 • risk exposure area zone d’exposition à risque 138 • risk factor facteur de risque 138 • ritonavir ritonavir 138 • RNA ARN 138 • RNA vaccine vaccin à ARN 138 • RNA virus virus à ARN 139 • ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity 139 Tracing protocol Tracing protocol • rubulavirus infection infection à rubulavirus 139 • Russia Russie 139 • Russian ministry ministère russe 139 • Russian organization organisme russe 139 • Russian research organization organisme de recherche russe 139 • S clade clade S 143 • S gene gène S 146 • S-Flow assay test S-Flow 140 • S1 subunit sous-unité S1 140

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 195 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• S2 subunit sous-unité S2 140 • S477N mutation mutation S477N 140 • saliva salive 140 • salivary test test salivaire 140 • sampling method méthode de prélèvement 140 • Sanofi Sanofi 140 • Sanofi-GSK Sanofi-GSK 140 • sarilumab sarilumab 140 • sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine 140 • SARS-CoV SRAS-CoV 141 • sars-cov tropism tropisme du sras-cov 142 • SARS-CoV-2 SRAS-CoV-2 141 • SARS-CoV-2 clade clade du SARS-CoV-2 142 • SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine 142 • SARS-CoV-2 RNA ARN SRAS-CoV-2 142 • sars-cov-2 tropism tropisme du sras-cov-2 142 • SARS-CoV-like SRAS-CoV-like 142 • Saudi Arabia Arabie Saoudite 143 • SCB-2019 SCB-2019 143 • seasonal coronavirus coronavirus saisonnier 143 • seasonality saisonnalité 143 • SECIR model modèle SECIR 143 • second phase of the disease deuxième phase de la maladie 143 • second wave deuxième vague 143 • secondary attack rate taux d'attaque secondaire 143 • secondary case cas secondaire 143 • secondary prevention prévention secondaire 143 • secretory IgA immunoglobuline A secrétoire 143 • sedentary lifestyle sédentarité 143 • SEIR model modèle SEIR 144 • SEIRS model modèle SEIRS 144 • sensitivity sensibilité 144 • sentinel cell cellule sentinelle 144 • septic shock choc septique 144 • sequela séquelle 144 • serine protease inhibitor inhibiteur de la sérine-protéase 144 • seroconversion séroconversion 144 • SEROCOV SEROCOV 144 • seroepidemiologic study étude séroépidémiologique 144 • serological testing test sérologique 145 • seroprevalence séroprévalence 145 • Serpentes Serpentes 145 • serum amyloid A sérum amyloïde A 145 • serum amyloid P sérum amyloïde P 145 • severe acute respiratory syndrome syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 146 • severe pneumonia pneumonie sévère 146

196 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• Sf9 Cell Sf9 Cell 146 • Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute Institut médical de Shenzhen 146 • sialic acid acide sialique 146 • signal transduction transduction de signal 147 • simian adenovirus adénovirus simien 147 • Sinovac Biotech Sinovac Biotech 147 • SIR model modèle SIR 147 • slippery sequence séquence glissante 147 • sneezing éternuement 147 • socioeconomic status statut socio-économique 148 • Solidarity Solidarity 148 • South American subcontinent sous-continent sud-américain 148 • South Korea Corée du Sud 148 • South Korean organization organisme sud-coréen 148 • South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique sud-coréen 148 • spatiotemporal distribution distribution spatio-temporelle 148 • specificity spécificité 148 • specimen échantillon 149 • spike protein protéine S 149 • Sputnik V Spoutnik V 149 • sputum expectoration 149 • STAT protein protéine STAT 149 • state of health emergency état d'urgence sanitaire 149 • steroid anti-inflammatory drug anti-inflammatoire stéroïdien 149 • Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Groupe stratégique consultatif d’experts sur 150 Immunization la vaccination • STROMA-COV2 STROMA-COV2 150 • structural protein protéine de structure 150 • subunit vaccine vaccin sous-unitaire 150 • support treatment traitement de support 150 • surgical mask masque chirurgical 151 • suspicious case cas possible 151 • swab écouvillonnage 151 • Sweden Suède 151 • symptomatic patient patient symptomatique 151 • symptomatology symptomatologie 151 • Symvivo Corporation Symvivo Corporation 151 • systemic disease maladie de système 151 • systemic inflammatory response syndrome syndrome de réponse inflammatoire 151 systémique • systemic manifestation manifestation systémique 152 • T lymphocyte lymphocyte T 156 • Taiwanese organization organisme taïwanais 154 • Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique taïwanais 154 • taste disorder trouble du goût 154 • Taïwan Taïwan 154 • Technical Vaccination Committee Commission technique des vaccinations 154

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 197 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• technology technologie 154 • technology platform plate-forme technologique 154 • telemedicine télémédecine 154 • Temporary Contact Numbers Temporary Contact Numbers 155 • tertiary prevention prévention tertiaire 155 • test test 155 • testudine testudine 155 • Thai organization organisme thaïlandais 155 • Thai university université thaïlandaise 155 • Thailand Thaïlande 155 • therapeutic target cible thérapeutique 155 • thrombocytopenia thrombopénie 155 • thrombotic microangiopathy microangiopathie thrombotique 155 • TMV-083 / V591 TMV-083 / V591 156 • tobacco tabac 156 • tobacco smoking tabagisme 156 • tocilizumab tocilizumab 156 • Toll-like receptor récepteur de type Toll 156 • Toll-like receptor 3 récepteur Toll-like 3 156 • toll-like receptor 3 agonist agoniste du toll like receptor 3 157 • toll-like receptor 4 agonist agoniste du toll like receptor 4 157 • Toll-like receptor 7 récepteur Toll-like 7 157 • toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist agoniste du toll like receptor 7/8 157 • toll-like receptor 9 agonist agoniste du toll like receptor 9 157 • toll-like receptor agonist agoniste des récepteurs toll-like 157 • total vaccine effectiveness efficacité vaccinale totale 157 • tracking protocol protocole de traçage 157 • traduction traduction 158 • trained immunity immunité entraînée 158 • transcription transcription 158 • transcriptome transcriptome 158 • transmembrane protein protéine transmembranaire 158 • transmissibility transmissibilité 158 • transmission transmission 158 • transmission mode mode de transmission 159 • travel restriction restriction des voyages 159 • troponin troponine 159 • tumor necrosis factor alpha facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha 159 • Type 1 helper T cell lymphocyte Th1 159 • type 2 helper T cell lymphocyte Th2 159 • type 26 adenovirus adénovirus de type 26 159 • type 5 adenovirus adénovirus de type 5 159 • type II pneumocyte pneumocyte de type II 160 • type II transmembrane serine protease protéase transmembranaire à sérine 2 160 • tyrosine kinase 2 tyrosine kinase 2 160 • U.S. association association américaine 161

198 | Covid-19 Thesaurus LIST OF ENTRIES

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• U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique américain 161 • UB-612 UB-612 161 • UK agency agence britannique 161 • UK organization organisme britannique 161 • UK pharmaceutical laboratory laboratoire pharmaceutique britannique 161 • UK university université britannique 161 • umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cellules stromales mésenchymateuses de 162 cordon ombilical • umifenovir umifénovir 162 • uncontrolled immune-response réponse immunitaire incontrôlée 162 • United Biomedical United Biomedical 162 • United Kingdom Royaume-Uni 162 • United States États-Unis 162 • universal trial number numéro universel de l'essai 162 • University Hospital Tuebingen hôpital universitaire de Tübingen 162 • University of Oxford Université d'Oxford 162 • University of Queensland Australia Université du Queensland 163 • untranslated region région non traduite 163 • upper respiratory tract voie aérienne respiratoire supérieure 163 • upper respiratory tract infection infection des voies respiratoires supérieures 163 • UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp 163 • urine urine 163 • V clade clade V 166 • vaccination vaccination 164 • vaccination campaign campagne vaccinale 164 • vaccination coverage couverture vaccinale 164 • vaccine vaccin 164 • vaccine acceptability acceptabilité vaccinale 164 • vaccine adverse event manifestation postvaccinale indésirable 164 • Vaccine Alliance Alliance du Vaccin 165 • vaccine candidate candidat vaccin 165 • vaccine characteristic caractéristique vaccinale 165 • vaccine hesitation hésitation vaccinale 165 • vaccine immunogenicity immunogénicité vaccinale 165 • vaccine prioritization priorisation vaccinale 165 • vaccine protective effect efficacité vaccinale 165 • vaccine safety sécurité vaccinale 166 • vaccine schema schéma vaccinal 166 • vaccine stability stabilité vaccinale 166 • vaccine strategy stratégie vaccinale 166 • vaccine tolerance tolérance vaccinale 166 • vaccine toxicity toxicité vaccinale 166 • vaccine-associated enhanced disease maladie aggravée associée à la vaccination 164 • variant virus virus variant 166 • vascular disease maladie vasculaire 166 • vasculitis vascularite 166 • Vaxart Vaxart 166

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 199 LIST OF ENTRIES

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• ventilator respirateur artificiel 167 • vertical transmission transmission verticale 167 • vesiculovirus vesiculovirus 167 • Vicugna pacos Vicugna pacos 167 • viral antigen antigène viral 167 • viral disease virose 167 • viral entry entrée virale 167 • viral envelope enveloppe virale 167 • viral life cycle cycle de vie viral 168 • viral pneumonia pneumopathie virale 168 • viral protease protéase virale 168 • viral protein protéine virale 168 • viral reactivation réactivation du virus 168 • viral respiratory illness infection respiratoire virale 168 • viral RNA ARN viral 168 • viral RNA polymerase inhibitor inhibiteur de l'ARN polymérase ARN 168 dépendante • viral shedding excrétion virale 168 • viral spread dispersion virale 169 • viral tropism tropisme viral 169 • viral vaccine vector vaccin à vecteur viral 169 • viral vector vecteur viral 169 • viremia virémie 169 • virion virion 169 • virus virus 169 • virus-host interaction interaction virus-hôte 170 • virus-like particle pseudo-particule virale 170 • VUI-202012/01 VUI-202012/01 170 • VXA-CoV2-1 VXA-CoV2-1 170 • waist-hip ratio rapport taille-hanches 171 • WHO Expert Committee on Biological Comité d’experts de la Standardisation 171 Standardization biologique • wildlife animal animal sauvage 171 • World Health Organization Organisation mondiale de la santé 171 • Wuhan city Wuhan 171 • Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology 172 • zoonotic coronavirus coronavirus zoonotique 173 • zoonotic disease maladie zoonotique 173 • zoonotic virus virus zoonotique 173

200 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

Tree clinical research (p.39) candidate treatment (p.33) candidate drug (p.33) drug class (p.53) angiotensin II receptor blocker (p.19) angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (p.18) anthelmintic (p.19) avermectin (p.24) ivermectin (p.92) antibiotic (p.20) azithromycin (p.24) antimalarial agent (p.21) aminoquinoline (p.18) chloroquine (p.38) hydroxychloroquine (p.78) antiviral (p.22) interferon beta (p.88) nucleoside analogue (p.116) adenosine nucleoside analogue (p.14) remdesivir (p.135) b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (p.25) galidesivir (p.65) ganciclovir (p.66) ribavirin (p.138) protease inhibitor (p.128) Janus kinase inhibitor (p.94) baricitinib (p.25) lopinavir (p.98) oseltamivir (p.119) ritonavir (p.138) serine protease inhibitor (p.144) camostat mesylate (p.32) umifenovir (p.162) viral RNA polymerase inhibitor (p.168) favipiravir (p.61) immunomodulator (p.82) chloroquine (p.38) corticosteroid (p.45) glucocorticoid (p.68) dexamethasone (p.50) dexamethasone (p.50) hydroxychloroquine (p.78) interferon beta (p.88) monoclonal antibody (p.106) anti-C5a monoclonal antibody (p.19) eculizumab (p.54) anti-CD147 monoclonal antibody (p.19) meplazumab (p.103) interleukin inhibitor (p.90) interleukin 1 inhibitor (p.89) anakinra (p.18) interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor (p.90) sarilumab (p.140) tocilizumab (p.156) leronlimab (p.97) tocilizumab (p.156) steroid anti-inflammatory drug (p.149) drug combination (p.53) lopinavir/ritonavir (p.98) lopinavir/ritonavir + interferon beta-1a (p.98) sarilumab/hydroxychloroquine (p.140) cell therapy (p.35) mesenchymal stem cells (p.104) umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (p.162) cohort study (p.40) COVID-ICU (p.46) COVIDEF (p.46) ECHOVID (p.54) SEROCOV (p.144)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 201 TREE

longitudinal study (p.98) prospective study (p.128) retrospective study (p.137) immunotherapy (p.83) anti-CoV antibody (p.19) plasma therapy (p.125) Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy (p.45) therapeutic target (p.155) Janus kinase (p.93) Janus kinase 1 (p.93) Janus kinase 2 (p.93) Janus kinase 3 (p.93) tyrosine kinase 2 (p.160) angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (p.18) interleukin 1 (p.89) interleukin 6 (p.90) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (p.135) angiotensin I (p.18) angiotensin II (p.19) uncontrolled immune-response (p.162) viral protein (p.168) accessory protein (p.12) protein 10 (p.129) protein 3a (p.129) protein 3b (p.129) protein 6 (p.129) protein 7a (p.129) protein 7b (p.129) protein 8a (p.129) protein 8b (p.129) protein 9b (p.129) non-structural protein (p.113) non-structural protein 1 (p.113) non-structural protein 10 (p.113) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 14 (p.113) non-structural protein 15 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 2 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 4 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) non-structural protein 6 (p.114) non-structural protein 7 (p.114) non-structural protein 8 (p.114) non-structural protein 9 (p.114) pathogen-associated molecular pattern (p.122) polyprotein (p.126) polyprotein 1a (p.126) polyprotein 1ab (p.126) structural protein (p.150) E protein (p.58) HE protein (p.74) M protein (p.107) N protein (p.115) spike protein (p.149) S1 subunit (p.140) N-terminal domain (p.109) receptor binding domain (p.134) receptor-binding motif (p.134) S2 subunit (p.140) fusion peptide (p.64) viral protease (p.168) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114)

202 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

clinical trial (p.40) British trial (p.30) Recovery (p.134) European trial (p.58) Discovery (p.52) French trial (p.64) ACORES-2 (p.12) CORIMUNO -19 (p.43) Covidicus (p.46) Coviplasm (p.46) ENVIROREA (p.56) INHASCO (p.87) MULTI-COV (p.107) NODS-COV-2 (p.112) NucleoCov2 (p.116) PREP COVID (p.127) STROMA-COV2 (p.150) international trial (p.91) Solidarity (p.148) phase (p.124) marketing authorization (p.101) conditional marketing authorisation (p.42) phase 1 (p.124) phase 2 (p.124) phase 3 (p.124) phase 4 (p.124) randomized controlled trial (p.133) universal trial number (p.162) database (p.49) GenBank (p.66) genome sequence (p.67) vaccine (p.164) commercial vaccine (p.41) AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine (p.23) Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine (p.28) Comirnaty (p.41) Moderna vaccine (p.105) Sputnik V (p.149) technology platform (p.154) DNA (p.52) RNA (p.138) viral RNA (p.168) positive sense single stranded RNA (p.126) SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p.142) adjuvant (p.14) aluminum salt-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant (p.16) aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium phosphate based adjuvant (p.17) aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) non-aluminum adjuvant (p.112) ASO3 (p.23) AdvaxTM (p.15) MF59 (p.104) Matrix-M™ (p.101) toll-like receptor agonist (p.157) toll-like receptor 3 agonist (p.157) Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p.125) toll-like receptor 4 agonist (p.157) glucopyranosyl lipid A (p.69) toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (p.157) resiquimod (p.136) toll-like receptor 9 agonist (p.157) CpG (p.46) CpG ODN 1018 (p.46) inactivated virus (p.83) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (p.83) live attenuated virus (p.97) protein sub-unit (p.129) recombinant protein (p.134) viral vector (p.169)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 203 TREE

adenovirus (p.14) human adenovirus (p.76) type 26 adenovirus (p.159) type 5 adenovirus (p.159) simian adenovirus (p.147) chimpanzee adenovirus (p.37) ChAdOx1 (p.36) gorilla adenovirus (p.69) lentivirus (p.96) measles morbillivirus (p.101) non-replicant viral vector (p.112) poxvirus (p.127) replicant viral vector (p.135) vesiculovirus (p.167) virus-like particle (p.170) vaccine candidate (p.165) inactivated vaccine (p.83) BBIBP-CorV (p.27) CoronaVac (p.43) Covaxin (p.45) Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) (p.83) Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (p.83) QazCovid-in (p.132) live attenuated vaccine (p.97) BCG vaccine (p.27) nucleic acid vaccine (p.115) DNA vaccine (p.52) AG0301-COVID19 (p.15) CORVax12 (p.45) Covigenix VAX-001 (p.46) GX-19 (p.70) INO-4800 (p.87) nCov Vaccine (p.110) RNA vaccine (p.138) mRNA vaccine (p.107) 3 LNP-mRNAs (p.9) ARCT-021 (p.22) COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) (p.45) CVnCoV Vaccine (p.47) ChulaCov19 (p.39) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (p.142) mRNA-1273 (p.107) recombinant cells vaccine (p.134) Covid-19/aAPC (p.45) LV-SMENP-DC (p.99) bacTRL-Spike (p.25) subunit vaccine (p.150) AdimrSC-2f (p.14) CoVac-1 (p.45) Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine (p.44) EpiVacCorona (p.58) FINLAY-FR-1 (p.63) KBP-201 (p.95) MVC-COV1901 (p.108) NVX-CoV2373 (p.116) Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) (p.134) SCB-2019 (p.143) Sanofi-GSK (p.140) Sf9 Cell (p.146) UB-612 (p.161) UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp (p.163) viral vaccine vector (p.169) adenovirus vaccine vector (p.14) Ad26.COV2.S (p.13) Ad5-nCoV (p.13) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (p.36) GRad-COV2 (p.69) Gam-COVID-Vac (p.65) Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo (p.65) VXA-CoV2-1 (p.170) lentivirus vaccine vector (p.96) pathogen-specific aAPC (p.122)

204 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

measles vector vaccine (p.101) TMV-083 / V591 (p.156) vaccine characteristic (p.165) vaccine immunogenicity (p.165) vaccine protective effect (p.165) direct vaccine effectiveness (p.52) indirect vaccine effectiveness (p.85) overall vaccine effectiveness (p.120) total vaccine effectiveness (p.157) vaccine safety (p.166) vaccine stability (p.166) vaccine tolerance (p.166) vaccine toxicity (p.166) vaccine-associated enhanced disease (p.164) diagnosis (p.50) biological diagnosis (p.29) marker of disease progression (p.101) biochemical marker (p.29) D-dimer (p.49) ferritin (p.62) liver enzyme (p.97) alanine aminotransferase (p.16) aspartate aminotransferase (p.23) procalcitonin (p.128) troponin (p.159) hematological marker (p.74) calprotectin (p.32) eosinopenia (p.56) hyperferritinemia (p.78) hyperleukocytosis (p.78) hypokalemia (p.78) lymphopaenia (p.99) monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (p.106) neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (p.111) prothrombin time (p.130) thrombocytopenia (p.155) viremia (p.169) inflammatory marker (p.86) C reactive protein (p.46) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p.58) granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio (p.69) hypercytokinemia (p.78) serum amyloid A (p.145) serum amyloid P (p.145) genome sequencing (p.67) histological diagnosis (p.75) cellular fibromyxoid exudate (p.35) diffuse alveolar damage (p.51) imaging (p.79) chest imaging (p.37) chest computerized tomography (p.37) ground-glass opacities (p.69) chest radiography (p.37) lung ultrasound (p.99) symptomatology (p.151) first phase of the disease (p.63) common clinical feature (p.41) fatigue (p.61) fever (p.62) gastrointestinal manifestation (p.66) diarrhoea (p.51) neurologic manifestation (p.111) myalgia (p.108) olfaction disorder (p.117) anosmia (p.19) taste disorder (p.154) ageusia (p.15) respiration manifestation (p.136) dry cough (p.53) dyspnea (p.53) sneezing (p.147)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 205 TREE

upper respiratory tract infection (p.163) common cold (p.41) rhinitis (p.137) second phase of the disease (p.143) complication (p.42) high risk patient (p.75) risk factor (p.138) age (p.15) elderly person (p.54) over the age of 60 years (p.120) comorbidity (p.41) autoimmune disease (p.24) multiple sclerosis (p.108) chronic disease (p.39) Guillain-Barré syndrome (p.70) cardiovascular disease (p.34) heart disease (p.73) coronary heart disease (p.43) myocarditis (p.108) cerebrovascular disease (p.36) chronic respiratory insufficiency (p.39) diabetes mellitus type 2 (p.50) hypertension (p.78) malignancy (p.100) metabolic syndrome (p.104) multiple sclerosis (p.108) obesity (p.117) body mass index (p.30) waist-hip ratio (p.171) renal failure (p.135) congenital disease (p.42) degenerative disease (p.49) inflammatory disease (p.86) Guillain-Barré syndrome (p.70) multiple sclerosis (p.108) metabolic disease (p.104) diabetes mellitus type 2 (p.50) metabolic syndrome (p.104) obesity (p.117) body mass index (p.30) waist-hip ratio (p.171) systemic disease (p.151) vascular disease (p.166) cerebrovascular disease (p.36) hypertension (p.78) vasculitis (p.166) Kawasaki disease (p.95) confined indoor space (p.42) healthcare center (p.72) household (p.76) long term care service (p.98) nursing home (p.116) immunologic deficiency (p.82) immunosenescence (p.82) immunosuppression (p.82) lifestyle (p.97) alcoholism (p.16) sedentary lifestyle (p.143) tobacco smoking (p.156) tobacco (p.156) nicotine (p.112) systemic manifestation (p.152) Kawasaki disease (p.95) acute liver failure (p.12) acute renal failure (p.12) acute respiratory distress syndrome (p.12) acute respiratory failure (p.13) cardiogenic shock (p.33) heart failure (p.74) hypercoagulability (p.78) intravascular coagulopathy (p.91) disseminated intravascular coagulation (p.52)

206 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (p.131) thrombotic microangiopathy (p.155) hyperinflammation (p.78) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (p.151) cytokine storm syndrome (p.48) haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (p.71) pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (p.122) septic shock (p.144) imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (p.80) immunothrombosis (p.83) thrombotic microangiopathy (p.155) liver failure (p.97) multiple organ failure (p.107) uncontrolled immune-response (p.162) lung disease (p.99) acute respiratory distress syndrome (p.12) infection-associated enhanced disease (p.85) lower respiratory tract infection (p.98) pneumonia (p.125) acute pneumonia (p.12) community acquired pneumonia (p.41) severe pneumonia (p.146) viral pneumonia (p.168) progression (p.128) critically ill (p.46) death (p.49) healing (p.72) sequela (p.144) ageusia (p.15) anosmia (p.19) diarrhoea (p.51) fatigue (p.61) psychological disorder (p.130) depression (p.50) post-traumatic stress disorder (p.126) test (p.155) antigen test (p.21) indication (p.84) pauci-symptomatic patient (p.122) symptomatic patient (p.151) molecular assay (p.106) DNA amplification (p.52) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (p.98) reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (p.137) salivary test (p.140) EasyCov (p.54) detecting viral RNA (p.50) real-time polymerase chain reaction (p.133) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (p.137) sampling method (p.140) aspiration (p.23) endotracheal aspirate (p.56) nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen (p.109) bronchoalveolar lavage (p.30) swab (p.151) nasal swab (p.109) nasopharyngeal swab (p.109) oropharyngeal swab (p.119) rectal swab (p.134) reliability (p.135) sensitivity (p.144) false negative (p.61) false positive (p.61) specificity (p.148) false negative (p.61) false positive (p.61) serological testing (p.145) ELISA test (p.55) ELISA N assay (p.54) ELISA S assay (p.54) LIPS assay (p.97) S-Flow assay (p.140)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 207 TREE

neutralization assay (p.111) pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (p.130) rapid screening test (p.133) specimen (p.149) blood (p.29) blood cell (p.29) lymphocyte (p.99) B lymphocyte (p.30) plasma cell (p.125) T lymphocyte (p.156) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (p.48) memory CD8(+) T cell (p.103) central memory CD8 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD8 T cell (p.54) lymphocyte T helper (p.99) CD4 T helper cell (p.35) Type 1 helper T cell (p.159) type 2 helper T cell (p.159) memory CD4(+) T cell (p.102) central memory CD4 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD4 T cell (p.54) natural killer T cell (p.110) γδT cell (p.66) effector cell (p.54) memory cell (p.103) naive cell (p.109) monocyte (p.106) natural killer cell (p.110) fingerstick blood (p.63) feces (p.61) nasal microbiome (p.109) pleural fluid (p.125) saliva (p.140) sputum (p.149) urine (p.163) emerging disease (p.55) emerging viral infection (p.55) Middle East respiratory syndrome (p.104) coronavirus disease 2019 (p.44) severe acute respiratory syndrome (p.146) immuno-inflammatory cascade (p.81) immune response (p.80) antibody (p.20) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (p.20) antibody titre (p.20) autoantibody (p.24) antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody (p.21) anticardiolipin antibody (p.20) facilitating antibody (p.61) isotype (p.92) immunoglobulin A (p.81) secretory IgA (p.143) immunoglobulin D (p.81) immunoglobulin E (p.81) immunoglobulin G (p.81) immunoglobulin M (p.81) neutralizing antibody (p.111) paratope (p.121) seroconversion (p.144) antigen (p.20) epitope (p.58) viral antigen (p.167) immune cell (p.80) adaptative immune cell (p.13) lymphocyte (p.99) B lymphocyte (p.30) plasma cell (p.125) T lymphocyte (p.156) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (p.48) memory CD8(+) T cell (p.103)

208 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

central memory CD8 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD8 T cell (p.54) lymphocyte T helper (p.99) CD4 T helper cell (p.35) Type 1 helper T cell (p.159) type 2 helper T cell (p.159) memory CD4(+) T cell (p.102) central memory CD4 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD4 T cell (p.54) natural killer T cell (p.110) γδT cell (p.66) effector cell (p.54) memory cell (p.103) naive cell (p.109) innate immune cell (p.87) granulocyte (p.69) basophil (p.26) eosinophil (p.57) mast cell (p.101) neutrophil (p.111) monocyte (p.106) natural killer cell (p.110) phagocyte (p.123) dendritic cell (p.50) Langerhans cell (p.96) macrophage (p.100) neutrophil (p.111) sentinel cell (p.144) dendritic cell (p.50) Langerhans cell (p.96) macrophage (p.100) mast cell (p.101) γδT cell (p.66) immune response protein (p.80) antimicrobial peptides (p.21) immunoglobulin (p.81) antibody (p.20) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (p.20) antibody titre (p.20) autoantibody (p.24) antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody (p.21) anticardiolipin antibody (p.20) facilitating antibody (p.61) isotype (p.92) immunoglobulin A (p.81) secretory IgA (p.143) immunoglobulin D (p.81) immunoglobulin E (p.81) immunoglobulin G (p.81) immunoglobulin M (p.81) neutralizing antibody (p.111) paratope (p.121) seroconversion (p.144) immunoglobulin protein chain (p.82) heavy chain (p.74) alpha chain (p.16) delta chain (p.50) epsilon chain (p.58) gamma chain (p.65) mu chain (p.107) light chain (p.97) kappa chain (p.95) lambda chain (p.96) membrane immunoglobulin (p.102) antigen receptor (p.21) inflammasome (p.85) immunity (p.80) adaptative immunity (p.13) adaptative immune cell (p.13) lymphocyte (p.99) B lymphocyte (p.30) plasma cell (p.125)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 209 TREE

T lymphocyte (p.156) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (p.48) memory CD8(+) T cell (p.103) central memory CD8 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD8 T cell (p.54) lymphocyte T helper (p.99) CD4 T helper cell (p.35) Type 1 helper T cell (p.159) type 2 helper T cell (p.159) memory CD4(+) T cell (p.102) central memory CD4 T cell (p.36) effector memory CD4 T cell (p.54) natural killer T cell (p.110) γδT cell (p.66) effector cell (p.54) memory cell (p.103) naive cell (p.109) adaptative immunity function (p.13) antigen presentation (p.21) antigen-presenting cell (p.21) B lymphocyte (p.30) plasma cell (p.125) dendritic cell (p.50) Langerhans cell (p.96) macrophage (p.100) immunological memory (p.82) memory B cell (p.102) cell-mediated immunity (p.35) humoral immunity (p.77) cross immunity (p.47) herd immunity (p.74) immunologic deficiency (p.82) immunosenescence (p.82) immunosuppression (p.82) immunologic repertoire (p.82) immunomodulation (p.82) immunophenotype (p.82) individual immunity (p.85) innate immunity (p.87) IFITM protein (p.79) IFITM3 protein (p.79) antimicrobial peptides (p.21) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (p.37) innate immune cell (p.87) granulocyte (p.69) basophil (p.26) eosinophil (p.57) mast cell (p.101) neutrophil (p.111) monocyte (p.106) natural killer cell (p.110) phagocyte (p.123) dendritic cell (p.50) Langerhans cell (p.96) macrophage (p.100) neutrophil (p.111) sentinel cell (p.144) dendritic cell (p.50) Langerhans cell (p.96) macrophage (p.100) mast cell (p.101) γδT cell (p.66) innate immunity function (p.87) degranulation (p.49) phagocytosis (p.123) interferon type I (p.89) interferon alpha (p.88) interferon beta (p.88) interferon omega (p.89) interferon type III (p.89) interleukin 1 (p.89) interleukin 18 (p.89)

210 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

interleukin 6 (p.90) mucosal immunity (p.107) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (p.107) bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (p.30) gut-associated lymphoid tissue (p.70) protective immunity (p.128) trained immunity (p.158) inflammation (p.86) inflammatory protein (p.86) C reactive protein (p.46) adipokine (p.14) adiponectin (p.14) leptin (p.96) resistin (p.136) cytokine (p.48) chemokine (p.36) cXc-chemokine (p.47) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (p.37) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-positive (p.69) interferon type I (p.89) interferon alpha (p.88) interferon beta (p.88) interferon omega (p.89) interferon type II (p.89) interferon gamma (p.89) interferon type III (p.89) interleukin 1 (p.89) interleukin 10 (p.89) interleukin 17 (p.89) interleukin 18 (p.89) interleukin 2 (p.90) interleukin 4 (p.90) interleukin 6 (p.90) interleukin 7 (p.90) interleukin 8 (p.90) tumor necrosis factor alpha (p.159) haptoglobin (p.71) serum amyloid A (p.145) serum amyloid P (p.145) infectious disease (p.85) viral disease (p.167) emerging viral infection (p.55) Middle East respiratory syndrome (p.104) coronavirus disease 2019 (p.44) severe acute respiratory syndrome (p.146) viral respiratory illness (p.168) Orthomyxoviridae infection (p.119) human flu (p.77) Paramyxoviridae infection (p.121) Paramyxovirinae infection (p.121) respirovirus infection (p.137) rubulavirus infection (p.139) pneumovirus infection (p.125) respiratory syncytial virus infection (p.136) coronavirus infection (p.45) Middle East respiratory syndrome (p.104) coronavirus disease 2019 (p.44) severe acute respiratory syndrome (p.146) management of symptomatic patient (p.100) home surveillance (p.75) hospitalization (p.75) intensive care unit (p.88) nursing care management (p.116) plan-do-check-act cycle (p.125) support treatment (p.150) dialysis (p.51) respiratory therapy (p.136) artificial respiration (p.22) mechanical ventilation (p.101) invasive ventilation (p.91)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 211 TREE

intubation (p.91) non-invasive ventilation (p.112) positive pressure ventilation (p.126) continuous positive airway pressure (p.43) ventilator (p.167) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p.59) oxygen therapy (p.120) hyperbaric oxygen therapy (p.78) prone positioning (p.128) public health (p.130) contact (p.42) casual contact (p.34) contact tracing (p.43) digital tracking (p.51) technology (p.154) bluetooth (p.29) global positioning system (p.68) tracking protocol (p.157) Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (p.49) Private Automated Contact Tracing (p.128) ROBust and privacy-presERving proximity Tracing protocol (p.139) Temporary Contact Numbers (p.155) manual tracing (p.101) high-risk contact (p.75) epidemic (p.57) epicentre (p.57) epidemic curve (p.57) first wave (p.63) outbreak (p.119) pandemic (p.121) coronavirus disease 2019 (p.44) second wave (p.143) spatiotemporal distribution (p.148) epidemiology (p.57) epidemic forecasting (p.57) modelling (p.105) Modcov19 platform (p.105) bayesian network (p.26) compartmental model (p.42) SECIR model (p.143) SEIR model (p.144) SEIRS model (p.144) SIR model (p.147) epidemiologic study (p.57) cohort study (p.40) COVID-ICU (p.46) COVIDEF (p.46) ECHOVID (p.54) SEROCOV (p.144) longitudinal study (p.98) prospective study (p.128) retrospective study (p.137) seroepidemiologic study (p.144) epidemiological monitoring (p.57) health crisis (p.73) state of health emergency (p.149) health indicator (p.73) age-adjusted rate (p.15) benefit-risk balance (p.27) case number (p.34) case-fatality rate (p.34) gender ratio (p.66) female (p.62) male (p.100) in-hospital mortality (p.83) incidence (p.84) infection case (p.85) confirmed case (p.42) critical case (p.46) imported case (p.83) index case (p.84)

212 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

local case (p.97) primary case (p.127) probable case (p.128) secondary case (p.143) suspicious case (p.151) infection fatality rate (p.85) median age (p.102) morbidity rate (p.106) mortality rate (p.106) infant mortality rate (p.85) prevalence (p.127) relative risk (p.135) seroprevalence (p.145) socioeconomic status (p.148) health system (p.73) health information system (p.73) healthcare system (p.73) healthcare worker (p.73) pharmacovigilance (p.124) vaccine adverse event (p.164) telemedicine (p.154) organization (p.119) American organization (p.17) American agency (p.17) Food and Drug Administration (p.63) American institute (p.17) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (p.36) National Institutes of Health (p.110) National Center for Biotechnology Information (p.110) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (p.110) U.S. association (p.161) Providence Health & Services (p.130) U.S. pharmaceutical laboratory (p.161) Arcturus Therapeutics (p.22) Inovio Pharmaceuticals (p.87) Johnson & Johnson (p.94) Janssen Pharmaceutica (p.93) Kentucky BioProcessing (p.95) Merck Sharp and Dohme (p.103) Moderna Therapeutics (p.105) Novavax (p.114) Pfizer (p.123) United Biomedical (p.162) Vaxart (p.166) Australian organization (p.23) Australian pharmaceutical laboratory (p.24) Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia (p.40) Australian university (p.24) University of Queensland Australia (p.163) Brazilian organization (p.30) Brazilian institute (p.30) Butantan Institute (p.31) Canadian organization (p.32) Canadian pharmaceutical laboratory (p.33) Entos Pharmaceuticals (p.56) Medicago (p.102) Symvivo Corporation (p.151) Chinese organization (p.38) Chinese institute (p.38) Beijing Bio-Institute Biological Products (p.27) Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (p.27) Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (p.37) Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (p.74) Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (p.94) Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute (p.146) Chinese pharmaceutical laboratory (p.38) Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical (p.19) CanSino Biologics (p.33) China National Pharmaceutical Group (p.37) Sinovac Biotech (p.147) Yunnan Walvax Biotechnology (p.172) Chinese university (p.38)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 213 TREE

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (p.37) Cuban organization (p.47) Cuban institute (p.47) Instituto Finlay de Vacunas (p.88) European organization (p.58) European agency (p.58) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (p.58) European Medicines Agency (p.58) European association (p.58) consortium Pan-European Privacy Preserving Proximity Tracing (p.42) French organization (p.64) French agency (p.63) National Agency for Drug Safety (p.109) National Research Agency (p.110) French authority (p.63) French High Council on Public Health (p.63) French National Authority for Health (p.63) Technical Vaccination Committee (p.154) French institute (p.63) Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (p.88) REACTing consortium (p.133) Pasteur Institute (p.122) French ministry (p.63) Directorate-General of Health (p.51) French pharmaceutical laboratory (p.64) Sanofi (p.140) French research organization (p.64) Centre national de la recherche scientifique (p.36) international research laboratories (p.91) German organization (p.67) German pharmaceutical laboratory (p.68) Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (p.29) Curevac (p.47) German university (p.68) University Hospital Tuebingen (p.162) Indian organization (p.84) Indian pharmaceutical laboratory (p.84) Bharat Biotech (p.28) Cadila Healthcare (p.32) Indian research organization (p.84) Indian Council of Medical Research (p.84) Italian organization (p.92) Italian pharmaceutical laboratory (p.92) ReiThera (p.135) Japanese organization (p.94) Japanese agency (p.94) Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (p.94) Kazakh organization (p.95) Kazakh research organization (p.95) Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (p.136) Russian organization (p.139) Russian ministry (p.139) Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (p.73) Russian research organization (p.139) Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" (p.62) Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (p.65) South Korean organization (p.148) South Korean pharmaceutical laboratory (p.148) Genexine Inc (p.67) Taiwanese organization (p.154) Taiwanese pharmaceutical laboratory (p.154) Addimune Corporation (p.14) Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation (p.102) Thai organization (p.155) Thai university (p.155) Chulalongkorn University (p.39) UK organization (p.161) UK agency (p.161) COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium (p.46) Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (p.102) UK pharmaceutical laboratory (p.161) AstraZeneca (p.23)

214 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

GlaxoSmithKline (p.68) UK university (p.161) Imperial College London (p.83) University of Oxford (p.162) international organization (p.91) Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (p.40) GISAID (p.68) International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (p.91) Vaccine Alliance (p.165) World Health Organization (p.171) Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (p.68) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (p.150) WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (p.171) public health measure (p.130) barrier measure (p.25) anti-projection mask (p.20) FFP-mask (p.62) FFP2-mask (p.62) FFP3-mask (p.62) alternative mask (p.16) surgical mask (p.151) hand hygiene (p.71) alcohol gel (p.16) glove (p.68) guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (p.70) hand washing (p.71) physical distancing (p.124) confinement (p.42) funeral (p.64) funeral practice (p.64) isolation (p.92) lockdown lifting (p.97) movement restriction (p.106) quarantine (p.132) travel restriction (p.159) vaccination (p.164) immunization policy (p.80) immunization recommendation (p.80) immunization schedule (p.80) immunization stress-related response (p.81) vaccination campaign (p.164) vaccination coverage (p.164) vaccine acceptability (p.164) vaccine hesitation (p.165) vaccine schema (p.166) vaccine strategy (p.166) European vaccine strategy (p.59) vaccine prioritization (p.165) risk exposure area (p.138) continent (p.43) African continent (p.15) American continent (p.17) American subcontinent (p.17) North American subcontinent (p.114) Canada (p.32) Republic of Cuba (p.135) United States (p.162) South American subcontinent (p.148) Brazil (p.30) Asian continent (p.22) Arabian Peninsula (p.22) Saudi Arabia (p.143) Al-Jawf Region (p.15) Dawmet Aljandal (p.49) country of the Asian continent (p.45) China (p.37) Chinese province (p.38) Guangdong Province (p.70) Foshan (p.63) Guangzhou (p.70) Henan Province (p.74)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 215 TREE

Hubei Province (p.76) Wuhan city (p.171) Huanan seafood wholesale market (p.76) Jiangsu Province (p.94) Hong Kong (p.75) Taïwan (p.154) India (p.84) Japan (p.94) South Korea (p.148) Thailand (p.155) European continent (p.58) country of the European continent (p.45) France (p.63) Germany (p.68) Italy (p.92) Luxemburg (p.99) Netherlands (p.110) Russia (p.139) Sweden (p.151) United Kingdom (p.162) virus (p.169) RNA virus (p.139) positive-strand RNA virus (p.126) Nidovirales (p.112) Coronaviridae (p.44) Coronavirinae (p.44) alphacoronavirus (p.16) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) betacoronavirus (p.28) betacoronavirus lineage A (p.28) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) betacoronavirus lineage B (p.28) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) SARS-CoV-like (p.142) bat SARS-like coronavirus (p.26) bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 (p.26) bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 (p.26) betacoronavirus lineage C (p.28) MERS-CoV (p.103) contagiousness (p.43) attack rate (p.23) basic reproduction number (p.25) incubation period (p.84) reinfection (p.134) seasonality (p.143) secondary attack rate (p.143) viral reactivation (p.168) viral shedding (p.168) viral spread (p.169) deltacoronavirus (p.50) gammacoronavirus (p.65) human coronavirus (p.76) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) MERS-CoV (p.103) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141)

216 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) seasonal coronavirus (p.143) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) transmissibility (p.158) communicable period (p.41) effective reproduction number (p.54) transmission (p.158) exposure risk (p.59) adult (p.15) child (p.37) elderly person (p.54) pregnant woman (p.127) human to human transmission (p.77) asymptomatic transmission (p.23) cluster (p.40) direct transmission (p.51) vertical transmission (p.167) indirect transmission (p.84) airborne transmission (p.15) aerosol transmission (p.15) droplets transmission (p.53) hand-mediated transmission (p.71) intrafamilial transmission (p.91) nosocomial transmission (p.114) occupational transmission (p.117) presymptomatic transmission (p.127) prevention (p.127) barrier measure (p.25) anti-projection mask (p.20) FFP-mask (p.62) FFP2-mask (p.62) FFP3-mask (p.62) alternative mask (p.16) surgical mask (p.151) hand hygiene (p.71) alcohol gel (p.16) glove (p.68) guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (p.70) hand washing (p.71) physical distancing (p.124) confinement (p.42) isolation (p.92) movement restriction (p.106) personal protective equipment (p.123) goggles (p.69) primary prevention (p.127) quarantine (p.132) quaternary prevention (p.132) secondary prevention (p.143) tertiary prevention (p.155) travel restriction (p.159) vaccine (p.164) commercial vaccine (p.41) AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine (p.23) Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine (p.28) Comirnaty (p.41) Moderna vaccine (p.105) Sputnik V (p.149) technology platform (p.154) DNA (p.52) RNA (p.138)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 217 TREE

viral RNA (p.168) positive sense single stranded RNA (p.126) SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p.142) adjuvant (p.14) aluminum salt-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant (p.16) aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium phosphate based adjuvant (p.17) aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) non-aluminum adjuvant (p.112) ASO3 (p.23) AdvaxTM (p.15) MF59 (p.104) Matrix-M™ (p.101) toll-like receptor agonist (p.157) toll-like receptor 3 agonist (p.157) Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p.125) toll-like receptor 4 agonist (p.157) glucopyranosyl lipid A (p.69) toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (p.157) resiquimod (p.136) toll-like receptor 9 agonist (p.157) CpG (p.46) CpG ODN 1018 (p.46) inactivated virus (p.83) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (p.83) live attenuated virus (p.97) protein sub-unit (p.129) recombinant protein (p.134) viral vector (p.169) adenovirus (p.14) human adenovirus (p.76) type 26 adenovirus (p.159) type 5 adenovirus (p.159) simian adenovirus (p.147) chimpanzee adenovirus (p.37) ChAdOx1 (p.36) gorilla adenovirus (p.69) lentivirus (p.96) measles morbillivirus (p.101) non-replicant viral vector (p.112) poxvirus (p.127) replicant viral vector (p.135) vesiculovirus (p.167) virus-like particle (p.170) vaccine candidate (p.165) inactivated vaccine (p.83) BBIBP-CorV (p.27) CoronaVac (p.43) Covaxin (p.45) Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) (p.83) Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (p.83) QazCovid-in (p.132) live attenuated vaccine (p.97) BCG vaccine (p.27) nucleic acid vaccine (p.115) DNA vaccine (p.52) AG0301-COVID19 (p.15) CORVax12 (p.45) Covigenix VAX-001 (p.46) GX-19 (p.70) INO-4800 (p.87) nCov Vaccine (p.110) RNA vaccine (p.138) mRNA vaccine (p.107) 3 LNP-mRNAs (p.9) ARCT-021 (p.22) COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) (p.45) CVnCoV Vaccine (p.47)

218 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

ChulaCov19 (p.39) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (p.142) mRNA-1273 (p.107) recombinant cells vaccine (p.134) Covid-19/aAPC (p.45) LV-SMENP-DC (p.99) bacTRL-Spike (p.25) subunit vaccine (p.150) AdimrSC-2f (p.14) CoVac-1 (p.45) Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine (p.44) EpiVacCorona (p.58) FINLAY-FR-1 (p.63) KBP-201 (p.95) MVC-COV1901 (p.108) NVX-CoV2373 (p.116) Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) (p.134) SCB-2019 (p.143) Sanofi-GSK (p.140) Sf9 Cell (p.146) UB-612 (p.161) UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp (p.163) viral vaccine vector (p.169) adenovirus vaccine vector (p.14) Ad26.COV2.S (p.13) Ad5-nCoV (p.13) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (p.36) GRad-COV2 (p.69) Gam-COVID-Vac (p.65) Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo (p.65) VXA-CoV2-1 (p.170) lentivirus vaccine vector (p.96) pathogen-specific aAPC (p.122) measles vector vaccine (p.101) TMV-083 / V591 (p.156) vaccine characteristic (p.165) vaccine immunogenicity (p.165) vaccine protective effect (p.165) direct vaccine effectiveness (p.52) indirect vaccine effectiveness (p.85) overall vaccine effectiveness (p.120) total vaccine effectiveness (p.157) vaccine safety (p.166) vaccine stability (p.166) vaccine tolerance (p.166) vaccine toxicity (p.166) vaccine-associated enhanced disease (p.164) transmission mode (p.159) close contact (p.40) close family contact (p.40) fomite (p.63) high viral load patient (p.75) respiratory droplets (p.136) interspecies transmission (p.91) animal to human transmission (p.19) barrier species (p.25) genetic distance (p.67) viral protein (p.168) accessory protein (p.12) protein 10 (p.129) protein 3a (p.129) protein 3b (p.129) protein 6 (p.129) protein 7a (p.129) protein 7b (p.129) protein 8a (p.129) protein 8b (p.129) protein 9b (p.129) non-structural protein (p.113) non-structural protein 1 (p.113) non-structural protein 10 (p.113) non-structural protein 11 (p.113)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 219 TREE

non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 14 (p.113) non-structural protein 15 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 2 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 4 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) non-structural protein 6 (p.114) non-structural protein 7 (p.114) non-structural protein 8 (p.114) non-structural protein 9 (p.114) pathogen-associated molecular pattern (p.122) polyprotein (p.126) polyprotein 1a (p.126) polyprotein 1ab (p.126) structural protein (p.150) E protein (p.58) HE protein (p.74) M protein (p.107) N protein (p.115) spike protein (p.149) S1 subunit (p.140) N-terminal domain (p.109) receptor binding domain (p.134) receptor-binding motif (p.134) S2 subunit (p.140) fusion peptide (p.64) viral protease (p.168) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) virion (p.169) capsid (p.33) genome (p.67) gene (p.66) S gene (p.146) gene expression (p.67) genetic variation (p.67) deletion (p.49) mutation (p.108) mutation in S gene (p.108) A222V mutation (p.12) D614G mutation (p.49) D80Y mutation (p.49) E484K mutation (p.54) K417N mutation (p.95) L5S mutation (p.96) N501Y mutation (p.109) P681H mutation (p.121) S477N mutation (p.140) reassortment (p.134) recombination (p.134) heterologous recombination (p.74) homologous recombination (p.75) homologous RNA recombination (p.75) nucleic acid (p.115) RNA (p.138) viral RNA (p.168) positive sense single stranded RNA (p.126) SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p.142) open reading frame (p.117) ORF1 (p.117) ORF1a (p.117) ORF1ab (p.118) ORF1b (p.118) slippery sequence (p.147) ORF10 (p.117)

220 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

ORF2 (p.118) ORF3a (p.118) ORF3b (p.118) ORF4 (p.118) ORF5 (p.118) ORF6 (p.118) ORF7a (p.118) ORF7b (p.118) ORF8a (p.118) ORF8b (p.118) ORF9b (p.118) phylogenetic analysis (p.124) untranslated region (p.163) nucleocapsid (p.116) viral envelope (p.167) emerging virus (p.55) emergence (p.55) date (p.49) 2002 (p.8) 2003 (p.8) 2004 (p.8) 2005 (p.8) 2012 (p.8) 2019 (p.8) emerging coronavirus (p.55) MERS-CoV (p.103) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) respiratory virus (p.137) Coronavirinae (p.44) alphacoronavirus (p.16) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) betacoronavirus (p.28) betacoronavirus lineage A (p.28) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) betacoronavirus lineage B (p.28) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) SARS-CoV-like (p.142) bat SARS-like coronavirus (p.26) bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZC45 (p.26) bat-SARS-like (SL)-ZXC21 (p.26) betacoronavirus lineage C (p.28) MERS-CoV (p.103) contagiousness (p.43) attack rate (p.23) basic reproduction number (p.25) incubation period (p.84) reinfection (p.134) seasonality (p.143) secondary attack rate (p.143) viral reactivation (p.168)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 221 TREE

viral shedding (p.168) viral spread (p.169) deltacoronavirus (p.50) gammacoronavirus (p.65) human coronavirus (p.76) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) MERS-CoV (p.103) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) seasonal coronavirus (p.143) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) transmissibility (p.158) communicable period (p.41) effective reproduction number (p.54) transmission (p.158) exposure risk (p.59) adult (p.15) child (p.37) elderly person (p.54) pregnant woman (p.127) human to human transmission (p.77) asymptomatic transmission (p.23) cluster (p.40) direct transmission (p.51) vertical transmission (p.167) indirect transmission (p.84) airborne transmission (p.15) aerosol transmission (p.15) droplets transmission (p.53) hand-mediated transmission (p.71) intrafamilial transmission (p.91) nosocomial transmission (p.114) occupational transmission (p.117) presymptomatic transmission (p.127) prevention (p.127) barrier measure (p.25) anti-projection mask (p.20) FFP-mask (p.62) FFP2-mask (p.62) FFP3-mask (p.62) alternative mask (p.16) surgical mask (p.151) hand hygiene (p.71) alcohol gel (p.16) glove (p.68) guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (p.70) hand washing (p.71) physical distancing (p.124) confinement (p.42) isolation (p.92) movement restriction (p.106) personal protective equipment (p.123) goggles (p.69) primary prevention (p.127) quarantine (p.132) quaternary prevention (p.132) secondary prevention (p.143)

222 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

tertiary prevention (p.155) travel restriction (p.159) vaccine (p.164) commercial vaccine (p.41) AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine (p.23) Bharat Biotech Covid-19 vaccine (p.28) Comirnaty (p.41) Moderna vaccine (p.105) Sputnik V (p.149) technology platform (p.154) DNA (p.52) RNA (p.138) viral RNA (p.168) positive sense single stranded RNA (p.126) SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p.142) adjuvant (p.14) aluminum salt-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyde based adjuvant (p.16) aluminium oxyhydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium hydroxyphosphate-based adjuvant (p.17) aluminium phosphate based adjuvant (p.17) aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide-based adjuvant (p.17) non-aluminum adjuvant (p.112) ASO3 (p.23) AdvaxTM (p.15) MF59 (p.104) Matrix-M™ (p.101) toll-like receptor agonist (p.157) toll-like receptor 3 agonist (p.157) Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p.125) toll-like receptor 4 agonist (p.157) glucopyranosyl lipid A (p.69) toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (p.157) resiquimod (p.136) toll-like receptor 9 agonist (p.157) CpG (p.46) CpG ODN 1018 (p.46) inactivated virus (p.83) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (p.83) live attenuated virus (p.97) protein sub-unit (p.129) recombinant protein (p.134) viral vector (p.169) adenovirus (p.14) human adenovirus (p.76) type 26 adenovirus (p.159) type 5 adenovirus (p.159) simian adenovirus (p.147) chimpanzee adenovirus (p.37) ChAdOx1 (p.36) gorilla adenovirus (p.69) lentivirus (p.96) measles morbillivirus (p.101) non-replicant viral vector (p.112) poxvirus (p.127) replicant viral vector (p.135) vesiculovirus (p.167) virus-like particle (p.170) vaccine candidate (p.165) inactivated vaccine (p.83) BBIBP-CorV (p.27) CoronaVac (p.43) Covaxin (p.45) Inactivated Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells) (p.83) Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (p.83) QazCovid-in (p.132) live attenuated vaccine (p.97) BCG vaccine (p.27) nucleic acid vaccine (p.115) DNA vaccine (p.52) AG0301-COVID19 (p.15) CORVax12 (p.45)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 223 TREE

Covigenix VAX-001 (p.46) GX-19 (p.70) INO-4800 (p.87) nCov Vaccine (p.110) RNA vaccine (p.138) mRNA vaccine (p.107) 3 LNP-mRNAs (p.9) ARCT-021 (p.22) COVAC1 (LNP-nCoVsaRNA) (p.45) CVnCoV Vaccine (p.47) ChulaCov19 (p.39) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (p.142) mRNA-1273 (p.107) recombinant cells vaccine (p.134) Covid-19/aAPC (p.45) LV-SMENP-DC (p.99) bacTRL-Spike (p.25) subunit vaccine (p.150) AdimrSC-2f (p.14) CoVac-1 (p.45) Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine (p.44) EpiVacCorona (p.58) FINLAY-FR-1 (p.63) KBP-201 (p.95) MVC-COV1901 (p.108) NVX-CoV2373 (p.116) Recombinant new coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell) (p.134) SCB-2019 (p.143) Sanofi-GSK (p.140) Sf9 Cell (p.146) UB-612 (p.161) UQ-1-SARS-CoV-2-Sclamp (p.163) viral vaccine vector (p.169) adenovirus vaccine vector (p.14) Ad26.COV2.S (p.13) Ad5-nCoV (p.13) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (p.36) GRad-COV2 (p.69) Gam-COVID-Vac (p.65) Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo (p.65) VXA-CoV2-1 (p.170) lentivirus vaccine vector (p.96) pathogen-specific aAPC (p.122) measles vector vaccine (p.101) TMV-083 / V591 (p.156) vaccine characteristic (p.165) vaccine immunogenicity (p.165) vaccine protective effect (p.165) direct vaccine effectiveness (p.52) indirect vaccine effectiveness (p.85) overall vaccine effectiveness (p.120) total vaccine effectiveness (p.157) vaccine safety (p.166) vaccine stability (p.166) vaccine tolerance (p.166) vaccine toxicity (p.166) vaccine-associated enhanced disease (p.164) transmission mode (p.159) close contact (p.40) close family contact (p.40) fomite (p.63) high viral load patient (p.75) respiratory droplets (p.136) interspecies transmission (p.91) animal to human transmission (p.19) barrier species (p.25) genetic distance (p.67) viral protein (p.168) accessory protein (p.12) protein 10 (p.129) protein 3a (p.129) protein 3b (p.129)

224 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

protein 6 (p.129) protein 7a (p.129) protein 7b (p.129) protein 8a (p.129) protein 8b (p.129) protein 9b (p.129) non-structural protein (p.113) non-structural protein 1 (p.113) non-structural protein 10 (p.113) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 14 (p.113) non-structural protein 15 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 2 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 4 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) non-structural protein 6 (p.114) non-structural protein 7 (p.114) non-structural protein 8 (p.114) non-structural protein 9 (p.114) pathogen-associated molecular pattern (p.122) polyprotein (p.126) polyprotein 1a (p.126) polyprotein 1ab (p.126) structural protein (p.150) E protein (p.58) HE protein (p.74) M protein (p.107) N protein (p.115) spike protein (p.149) S1 subunit (p.140) N-terminal domain (p.109) receptor binding domain (p.134) receptor-binding motif (p.134) S2 subunit (p.140) fusion peptide (p.64) viral protease (p.168) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) virion (p.169) capsid (p.33) genome (p.67) gene (p.66) S gene (p.146) gene expression (p.67) genetic variation (p.67) deletion (p.49) mutation (p.108) mutation in S gene (p.108) A222V mutation (p.12) D614G mutation (p.49) D80Y mutation (p.49) E484K mutation (p.54) K417N mutation (p.95) L5S mutation (p.96) N501Y mutation (p.109) P681H mutation (p.121) S477N mutation (p.140) reassortment (p.134) recombination (p.134) heterologous recombination (p.74) homologous recombination (p.75) homologous RNA recombination (p.75) nucleic acid (p.115) RNA (p.138)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 225 TREE

viral RNA (p.168) positive sense single stranded RNA (p.126) SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p.142) open reading frame (p.117) ORF1 (p.117) ORF1a (p.117) ORF1ab (p.118) ORF1b (p.118) slippery sequence (p.147) ORF10 (p.117) ORF2 (p.118) ORF3a (p.118) ORF3b (p.118) ORF4 (p.118) ORF5 (p.118) ORF6 (p.118) ORF7a (p.118) ORF7b (p.118) ORF8a (p.118) ORF8b (p.118) ORF9b (p.118) phylogenetic analysis (p.124) untranslated region (p.163) nucleocapsid (p.116) viral envelope (p.167) Orthomyxoviridae (p.119) influenza virus (p.86) influenza A virus (p.86) influenza B virus (p.86) Paramyxoviridae (p.121) Paramyxovirinae (p.121) respirovirus (p.137) human parainfluenza virus type 1 (p.77) human parainfluenza virus type 3 (p.77) Pneumovirinae (p.125) respiratory syncytial virus (p.136) variant virus (p.166) new coronavirus variant (p.111) 501Y.V2 (p.10) VUI-202012/01 (p.170) viral tropism (p.169) host cell (p.75) cell type (p.35) arterial smooth muscle cell (p.22) endothelial cell (p.56) enterocyte (p.56) epithelial cell (p.57) respiratory epithelial cell (p.136) pneumocyte (p.125) type II pneumocyte (p.160) cellular receptor (p.36) aminopeptidase N (p.17) angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (p.18) dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (p.51) host cell protein (p.76) IFITM protein (p.79) IFITM3 protein (p.79) STAT protein (p.149) basigin (p.26) clathrin (p.39) host cell protease (p.75) carboxypeptidase (p.33) angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (p.18) angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (p.18) cathepsin B (p.34) catB/L activity (p.34) cathepsin L (p.34) catB/L activity (p.34) furin (p.64) kinase (p.95) Janus kinase (p.93) Janus kinase 1 (p.93)

226 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

Janus kinase 2 (p.93) Janus kinase 3 (p.93) tyrosine kinase 2 (p.160) adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (p.13) adaptor-related protein complex 2 (p.13) type II transmembrane serine protease (p.160) major histocompatibility complex class I (p.100) prohibitin 1 (p.128) prohibitin 2 (p.128) sialic acid (p.146) N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid (p.109) mers-cov tropism (p.103) organ (p.118) heart (p.73) intestine (p.91) kidney (p.95) respiratory system (p.136) lung (p.98) lung parenchyma (p.99) upper respiratory tract (p.163) sars-cov tropism (p.142) sars-cov-2 tropism (p.142) zoonotic virus (p.173) zoonotic coronavirus (p.173) HCoV-229E (p.71) HCoV-HKU1 (p.72) HCoV-NL63 (p.72) HCoV-OC43 (p.72) MERS-CoV (p.103) SARS-CoV (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 (p.141) SARS-CoV-2 clade (p.142) G clade (p.66) GH clade (p.68) GR clade (p.69) GV clade (p.70) L clade (p.96) O clade (p.117) S clade (p.143) V clade (p.166) virus-host interaction (p.170) apoptosis (p.22) autophagy (p.24) autophagosome (p.24) cell migration (p.35) cellular differentiation (p.35) hydro-sodium homeostasis (p.77) renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (p.135) angiotensin I (p.18) angiotensin II (p.19) mitochondrial biogenesis (p.105) protein marker (p.129) host cell protein (p.76) IFITM protein (p.79) IFITM3 protein (p.79) STAT protein (p.149) basigin (p.26) clathrin (p.39) host cell protease (p.75) carboxypeptidase (p.33) angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (p.18) angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (p.18) cathepsin B (p.34) catB/L activity (p.34) cathepsin L (p.34) catB/L activity (p.34) furin (p.64) kinase (p.95) Janus kinase (p.93) Janus kinase 1 (p.93) Janus kinase 2 (p.93)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 227 TREE

Janus kinase 3 (p.93) tyrosine kinase 2 (p.160) adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (p.13) adaptor-related protein complex 2 (p.13) type II transmembrane serine protease (p.160) major histocompatibility complex class I (p.100) prohibitin 1 (p.128) prohibitin 2 (p.128) sialic acid (p.146) N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid (p.109) transmembrane protein (p.158) Fc receptor (p.61) FcγRII (p.61) bitopic protein (p.29) pattern recognition receptor (p.122) RIG-I-like receptor (p.138) MDA-5 receptor (p.101) Toll-like receptor (p.156) Toll-like receptor 3 (p.156) Toll-like receptor 7 (p.157) viral protein (p.168) accessory protein (p.12) protein 10 (p.129) protein 3a (p.129) protein 3b (p.129) protein 6 (p.129) protein 7a (p.129) protein 7b (p.129) protein 8a (p.129) protein 8b (p.129) protein 9b (p.129) non-structural protein (p.113) non-structural protein 1 (p.113) non-structural protein 10 (p.113) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 14 (p.113) non-structural protein 15 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 2 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 4 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) non-structural protein 6 (p.114) non-structural protein 7 (p.114) non-structural protein 8 (p.114) non-structural protein 9 (p.114) pathogen-associated molecular pattern (p.122) polyprotein (p.126) polyprotein 1a (p.126) polyprotein 1ab (p.126) structural protein (p.150) E protein (p.58) HE protein (p.74) M protein (p.107) N protein (p.115) spike protein (p.149) S1 subunit (p.140) N-terminal domain (p.109) receptor binding domain (p.134) receptor-binding motif (p.134) S2 subunit (p.140) fusion peptide (p.64) viral protease (p.168) non-structural protein 11 (p.113) non-structural protein 12 (p.113) non-structural protein 13 (p.113) non-structural protein 16 (p.113) non-structural protein 3 (p.114) non-structural protein 5 (p.114) pyroptosis (p.131)

228 | Covid-19 Thesaurus TREE

signal transduction (p.147) JAK-STAT (p.93) viral life cycle (p.168) adsorption (p.14) binding (p.28) encapsidation (p.55) endocytosis (p.56) endosome (p.56) exocytosis (p.59) fusion (p.64) infectiousness (p.85) pathogenicity (p.122) replication (p.135) traduction (p.158) transcription (p.158) mRNA (p.107) ribosomal frameshifting (p.138) transcriptome (p.158) viral entry (p.167) zoonotic disease (p.173) Middle East respiratory syndrome (p.104) coronavirus disease 2019 (p.44) intermediate host (p.90) Arctonyx collaris (p.22) Bovidae (p.30) Camelus dromedarius (p.32) Castor fiber (p.34) Felis catus (p.62) Lepus sinensis (p.97) Manidae (p.100) Melogale moschata (p.102) Muntiacus reevesi (p.108) Nyctereutes procyonoides (p.116) Paguma larvata (p.121) Serpentes (p.145) Vicugna pacos (p.167) testudine (p.155) natural reservoir (p.110) animal (p.19) Aves (p.24) Reptilia (p.135) Serpentes (p.145) testudine (p.155) domestic animal (p.52) mammal (p.100) Arctonyx collaris (p.22) Bovidae (p.30) Camelus dromedarius (p.32) Castor fiber (p.34) Chiroptera (p.38) horseshoe bat (p.75) Rhinolophus affinis (p.137) Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (p.137) Rhinolophus sinicus (p.137) Felis catus (p.62) Lepus sinensis (p.97) Manidae (p.100) Melogale moschata (p.102) Muntiacus reevesi (p.108) Nyctereutes procyonoides (p.116) Paguma larvata (p.121) Vicugna pacos (p.167) wildlife animal (p.171) severe acute respiratory syndrome (p.146)

Covid-19 Thesaurus | 229

Covid-19 Thesaurus

This bilingual thesaurus (French-English), developed at Inist-CNRS, covers the concepts from the emerging COVID-19 outbreak which reminds the past SARS coronavirus outbreak and Middle-East coronavirus outbreak. This thesaurus is based on the vocabulary used in scientific publications for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. It provides a support to explore the coronavirus infectious diseases .

Photo Credit: Image by Arek Socha from Pixabay

This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: