Gyrfalcon Diet During the Brood Rearing Period on the Seward
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Gyrfalcon Falco Rusticolus
Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus Rob Florkiewicz surveys, this area was included. Eight eyries are known from this Characteristics and Range The northern-dwelling Gyrfalcon is part of the province; however, while up to 7 of these eyries have the largest falcon in the world. It breeds mostly along the Arctic been deemed occupied in a single year, no more than 3 have been coasts of North America, Europe and Asia (Booms et al. 2008). productive at the same time. Based on these data and other Over its range, its colour varies from white through silver-grey to sightings, the British Columbia Wildlife Branch estimates the almost black; silver-grey is the most common morph in British breeding population in the province to be fewer than 20 pairs Columbia. It nests on cliff ledges at sites that are often used for (Chutter 2008). decades and where considerable amounts of guano can accumulate. Ptarmigan provide the Gyrfalcon's main prey in In British Columbia, the Gyrfalcon nests on cliff ledges on British Columbia and productivity appears dependent on mountains in alpine areas, usually adjacent to rivers or lakes. ptarmigan numbers. Large size and hunting prowess make the Occasionally, it nests on cliffs of river banks and in abandoned Gyrfalcon a popular bird with falconers, who breed and train Golden Eagle nests. them to hunt waterfowl and other game birds. Conservation and Recommendations Whilst the Gyrfalcon is Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Most Gyrfalcons breed designated as Not at Risk nationally by COSEWIC, it is Blue-listed along the Arctic coast; however, a few breed in the northwest in British Columbia due to its small known breeding population portion of the Northern Boreal Mountains Ecoprovince of British (British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2014). -
Patterns of Co-Occurrence in Woodpeckers and Nocturnal Cavity-Nesting Owls Within an Idaho Forest
VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, ARTICLE 18 Scholer, M. N., M. Leu, and J. R. Belthoff. 2018. Patterns of co-occurrence in woodpeckers and nocturnal cavity-nesting owls within an Idaho forest. Avian Conservation and Ecology 13(1):18. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01209-130118 Copyright © 2018 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Research Paper Patterns of co-occurrence in woodpeckers and nocturnal cavity- nesting owls within an Idaho forest Micah N. Scholer 1, Matthias Leu 2 and James R. Belthoff 1 1Department of Biological Sciences and Raptor Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA, 2Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA ABSTRACT. Few studies have examined the patterns of co-occurrence between diurnal birds such as woodpeckers and nocturnal birds such as owls, which they may facilitate. Flammulated Owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) and Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) are nocturnal, secondary cavity-nesting birds that inhabit forests. For nesting and roosting, both species require natural cavities or, more commonly, those that woodpeckers create. Using day and nighttime broadcast surveys (n = 150 locations) in the Rocky Mountain biogeographic region of Idaho, USA, we surveyed for owls and woodpeckers to assess patterns of co-occurrence and evaluated the hypothesis that forest owls and woodpeckers co-occurred more frequently than expected by chance because of the facilitative nature of their biological interaction. We also examined co-occurrence patterns between owl species to understand their possible competitive interactions. Finally, to assess whether co-occurrence patterns arose because of species interactions or selection of similar habitat types, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine habitat associations within this cavity-nesting bird community. -
Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies
Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies Oakland, California 2005 About this Booklet The idea for this booklet grew out of a suggestion from Anne Seasons, President of the North Hills Phoenix Association, that I compile pictures of local birds in a form that could be made available to residents of the north hills. I expanded on that idea to include other local wildlife. For purposes of this booklet, the “North Hills” is defined as that area on the Berkeley/Oakland border bounded by Claremont Avenue on the north, Tunnel Road on the south, Grizzly Peak Blvd. on the east, and Domingo Avenue on the west. The species shown here are observed, heard or tracked with some regularity in this area. The lists are not a complete record of species found: more than 50 additional bird species have been observed here, smaller rodents were included without visual verification, and the compiler lacks the training to identify reptiles, bats or additional butterflies. We would like to include additional species: advice from local experts is welcome and will speed the process. A few of the species listed fall into the category of pests; but most - whether resident or visitor - are desirable additions to the neighborhood. We hope you will enjoy using this booklet to identify the wildlife you see around you. Kay Loughman November 2005 2 Contents Birds Turkey Vulture Bewick’s Wren Red-tailed Hawk Wrentit American Kestrel Ruby-crowned Kinglet California Quail American Robin Mourning Dove Hermit thrush Rock Pigeon Northern Mockingbird Band-tailed -
American Robin
American Robin DuPage Birding Club, 2020 American Robin Appearance A chunky, heavy-bodied bird with a relatively small dark head. Sexually dimorphic, meaning the male and female look different. American Robins are a uniform dark gray with a brick red breast. Female Male Females are a lighter gray with a lighter breast. Males tend to be darker with a brighter red breast. Males are larger than females. Photos: Elmarie Von Rooyen (left), Jackie Tilles (right) DuPage Birding Club, 2020 2 American Robin Appearance American Robins are a medium-size bird with a length of about ten inches. They are so common that they are a good bird to compare size with when you come across an unknown bird. Is the bird bigger than an American Robin or smaller than an American Robin? Judging the size of a bird is very helpful in identifying an unknown bird. Chart: The Cornell Lab, All About Birds https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/American_Robin/id DuPage Birding Club, 2020 3 American Robin Appearance Juvenile American Robins have a speckled breast with a tint of rusty red. Photos: Natalie McFaul DuPage Birding Club, 2020 4 American Robin Sounds From The Cornell Lab of Ornithology: https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/ SONGS The musical song of the American Robin is a familiar sound of spring. It’s a string of 10 or so clear whistles assembled from a few often- repeated syllables, and often described as cheerily, cheer up, cheer up, cheerily, cheer up. The syllables rise and fall in pitch but are delivered at a steady rhythm, with a pause before the bird begins singing again. -
Natural History of the Gyrfalcon in the Central Canadian Arctic K.G
ARCTIC VOL. 41, NO. 1 (MARCH 1988) P. 31-38 Natural History of the Gyrfalcon in the Central Canadian Arctic K.G. POOLE' and R.G. BROMLEY2 (Received 24 March 1987; accepted in revised form 24 September 1987) ABSTRACT. A population of breeding gyrfalcons was studied from 1982to 1986 on 2000a km2 area in thecentral Arctic of the NorthwestTerritories. Each year 14-18 territories were occupied. The meanintemest distance was 10.6 km, giving oneof the highest recorded densitiesfor the species. There was a tendency for regularity in spacing of territories. Most (85%) nests were in abandoned stick nests of common ravens or golden eagles. Rough-legged hawk nests were not used by gyrfalcons, despite numerous available.date Mean of initiation of laying was 8 May. Meansize of clutch was 3.80 and of brood was 2.53, and mean productivity was 1SO fledged young. A reduction of 48% from estimated numberof eggs laid to number of fledglings was determined. Reproductive success declined with increased severity of spring weather, notablydays increased and amount of precipitation. Key words: gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus),natural history, reproductive ecology, central Arctic RÉSUMÉ. Qtre 1982 et 1986, on a étudié une populationde gerfauts en reproduction dans une zone de 2000 km2dans la région centrale arctiquedes Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Quatorze des 18 aires étaient occupées chaque année. La distance entremoyenne les nids étaitde 10,6km, soit la plus grande densité relevée pour cetteespèce. Les aires avaient tendanceB être espacéesrégulitrement. La plupart des nids(85 p. cent) étaient situésdans des nids de brindilles occupés précédemment pardes corbeaux communsou des aigles dorés. -
Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls. -
Differentially Expressed Genes Match Bill Morphology and Plumage Despite Largely Undifferentiated Genomes in a Holarctic Songbird
Molecular Ecology (2015) doi: 10.1111/mec.13140 Differentially expressed genes match bill morphology and plumage despite largely undifferentiated genomes in a Holarctic songbird NICHOLAS A. MASON*† and SCOTT A. TAYLOR*† *Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, †Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA Abstract Understanding the patterns and processes that contribute to phenotypic diversity and speciation is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Recently, high-throughput sequencing has provided unprecedented phylogenetic resolution in many lineages that have experienced rapid diversification. The Holarctic redpoll finches (Genus: Acanthis) provide an intriguing example of a recent, phenotypically diverse lineage; traditional sequencing and genotyping methods have failed to detect any genetic differences between currently recognized species, despite marked variation in plumage and mor- phology within the genus. We examined variation among 20 712 anonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed throughout the redpoll genome in com- bination with 215 825 SNPs within the redpoll transcriptome, gene expression data and ecological niche modelling to evaluate genetic and ecological differentiation among currently recognized species. Expanding upon previous findings, we present evidence of (i) largely undifferentiated genomes among currently recognized species; (ii) substantial niche -
OWLS of OHIO C D G U I D E B O O K DIVISION of WILDLIFE Introduction O W L S O F O H I O
OWLS OF OHIO c d g u i d e b o o k DIVISION OF WILDLIFE Introduction O W L S O F O H I O Owls have longowls evoked curiosity in In the winter of of 2002, a snowy ohio owl and stygian owl are known from one people, due to their secretive and often frequented an area near Wilmington and two Texas records, respectively. nocturnal habits, fierce predatory in Clinton County, and became quite Another, the Oriental scops-owl, is behavior, and interesting appearance. a celebrity. She was visited by scores of known from two Alaska records). On Many people might be surprised by people – many whom had never seen a global scale, there are 27 genera of how common owls are; it just takes a one of these Arctic visitors – and was owls in two families, comprising a total bit of knowledge and searching to find featured in many newspapers and TV of 215 species. them. The effort is worthwhile, as news shows. A massive invasion of In Ohio and abroad, there is great owls are among our most fascinating northern owls – boreal, great gray, and variation among owls. The largest birds, both to watch and to hear. Owls Northern hawk owl – into Minnesota species in the world is the great gray are also among our most charismatic during the winter of 2004-05 became owl of North America. It is nearly three birds, and reading about species with a major source of ecotourism for the feet long with a wingspan of almost 4 names like fearful owl, barking owl, North Star State. -
The Breeding Biology of the American Robin (Turdus
THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN ROBIN (TURDUS MIGRATORIUS) IN SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA by DOROTHY LYNNE KEMPER Sc., University of British Columbia, 1967 THESIS SUBMITTED'IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Zoology We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA NOVEMBER, 1971 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of ~%a^<?<^^/ The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date^J^-/, /?7Z ii ABSTRACT The American Robin (Turdus migratorius) in southwestern British Columbia was studied in regard to timing of reproduc• tion, breeding biology, gonadal changes with time, and the relationship between photoperiod and gonadal condition. The basic breeding biology is similar to that found for other robins in the eastern and midwestern United States. The only marked difference is the very high nesting success rate of the robins which I studied. The overall success rate was $6.6 percent with $7.& percent of all eggs laid hatching and 9$.6 percent of these fledging. The onset of the breeding season was marked by the increase in territorial aggressive behaviour of male robins. -
Advances in the Study of Irruptive Migration
Advances in the study of irruptive migration Ian Newton1 Newton I. 2006. Advances in the study of irruptive migration. Ardea 94(3): 433–460. This paper discusses the movement patterns of two groups of birds which are generally regarded as irruptive migrants, namely (a) boreal finches and others that depend on fluctuating tree-fruit crops, and (b) owls and others that depend on cyclically fluctuating rodent popula- tions. Both groups specialise on food supplies which, in particular regions, fluctuate more than 100-fold from year to year. However, seed- crops in widely separated regions may fluctuate independently of one another, as may rodent populations, so that poor food supplies in one region may coincide with good supplies in another. If individuals are to have access to rich food supplies every year, they must often move hun- dreds or thousands of kilometres from one breeding area to another. In years of widespread food shortage (or high numbers relative to food supplies) extending over many thousands or millions of square kilome- tres, large numbers of individuals migrate to lower latitudes, as an ‘irruptive migration’. For these reasons, the distribution of the popula- tion, in both summer and winter, varies greatly from year to year. In irruptive migrants, in contrast to regular migrants, site fidelity is poor, and few individuals return to the same breeding areas in succes- sive years (apart from owls in the increase phase of the cycle). Moreover, ring recoveries and radio-tracking confirm that the same indi- viduals can breed in different years in areas separated by hundreds or thousands of kilometres. -
Red-Wing Blackbirds +
25 BIRD’S-EYE VIEW Volume 25 Issue 2 | March/April 2018 Marshals of the Marsh In this issue... Seed Innovation ................. 1 Red-wing Blackbirds Chirps ................................ 2 Spring Migrant Checklist ... 2 Seed Innovations Feeder Favorite .................. 3 +Spring Migrants Staff Picks ......................... 4 BLOOMINGTON SEED INNOVATION By Guest Columnist MELISSA BLOCK 816 West 98th St. (Clover Center) Bloomington, MN 55420 952.884.4103 A New Gold Standard Not long ago, one of our best-selling safflower may be used as an edible oil, birdseed EAGAN or meal for livestock. Growers and packers 2143 Cliff Rd. seeds was an innovation looking for (Cedar Cliff Shopping Center) acceptance among industry insiders were at first very skeptical of this new non-GMO Eagan, MN 55122 and consumers. hybrid. Because of this reluctance, Safflower 651.459.0084 Technologies International decided to take this A Higher-Oil-Content Safflower is Born new kind of safflower MINNETONKA Golden Safflower, trademarked NutraSaff™, directly to the bird feeder 4759 County Rd. 101 is relatively new to the birdseed menu. (Westwind Plaza) markets at the retail level. It was born from the research of safflower Minnetonka, MN 55345 The first store to try it 952.935.5892 breeders at Montana State University’s out was a wild bird store Jim Weisman Photo Eastern Agricultural Research Center, in an in Michigan. The staff and WHITE BEAR LAKE attempt to create a variety of safflower—an customers found that birds 2703 East Cty. Hwy. E. established annual seed crop—with higher (Cty. Rd. E. and Hwy. 120) loved it and preferred it White Bear Lake, MN 55110 oil content. -
Supposed Periodicity of Redpoll, Carduelis Sp., Winter Visitations in Atlantic Canada
Supposed Periodicity of Redpoll, Carduelis sp., Winter Visitations in Atlantic Canada ANTHONY J. E RSKINE 1 and REID MCMANUS , J R.2 116 Richardson Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 4H6 Canada 2657 Royal Road, Memramcook, New Brunswick E4K 1X1 Canada Erskine, Anthony J., and Reid McManus, Jr. 2003. Supposed periodicity of Redpoll, Carduelis sp., visitations in Atlantic Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 117(4): 611-620. Redpoll (primarily Carduelis flammea ) data from the New Brunswick–Nova Scotia border region were reviewed in the context of alleged biennial periodicity of irruptions south of their breeding range. Long-term records by the authors suggested a number of departures from visitation in alternate years. Three local Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs) spanning the last 41 winters supported the less-than-regular pattern shown by individual observations. CBC redpoll data from across the Atlantic Provinces revealed annual redpoll visitations across southern New Brunswick, where the largest regional counts (adjusted for observer effort) usually occurred. Visitation to Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland was less frequent, and patterns there were often obscured by scarcity of CBCs with both long-run coverage and redpolls. Examination of those data in relation to varying food availability suggested that irregular abundance but near-annual occurrence of redpoll visitation explains observed observations better than attempts to find periodicity in their irruptions. Key Words: Common Redpoll, Carduelis flammea , Atlantic Provinces, winter, irruptions, periodicity, food availability. Redpolls (here discussed as Carduelis flammea; C. and limited seasonal sampling by CBCs. Hochachka hornemanni is rare – and under-detected – in our et al. (1999) used data from Project FeederWatch, region) breed in the subarctic all around the northern which partly avoided those limitations, but their paper hemisphere.