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Introduction in the Ever-Changing World, the Advancement In Professional Nurses’ Service Behaviors at an Outpatient Department Perceived by Japanese Clients นพนธิ ต์ นฉบ้ บั Original Article นุชจราิ ศรขจรเกี ยรตี 1*ิ , สหัทยา รัตนจรณะ2 และ อารรี ัตน ์ ขําอย2ู่ Nuchjira Srikajornkeid1*, SahattayaRattanajarana2 and Areerat Khumyu2 1 นสิ ตหลิ กสั ตรพยาบาลศาสตรมหาบู ณฑั ติ สาขาการบรหารการพยาบาลิ 1 Master of Nursing Science Student (Nursing Administration) 2 สาขาวชาการบริ หารการพยาบาลิ คณะพยาบาลศาสตร ์ มหาวทยาลิ ัยบรพาู 2 Division of Nursing Administration 1-2 คณะพยาบาลศาสตร ์ มหาวทยาลิ ัยบรพาู 169 ถ.ลงหาดบางแสน ต.แสนสขุ อ.เมองื จ.ชลบรุ ี 1-2 Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, 169 Longhard Bangsaen Road, Saensuk, Muang, 20131 Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand * ตดติ อผ่ นู้ พนธิ :์ [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] วารสารไทยเภสชศาสตรั และว์ ทยาการสิ ขภาพุ 2559;11(3):106-112. Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal 2016;11(3):106-112. บทคดยั อ่ Abstract วตถั ุประสงค์: เพ่อศื กษาพฤตึ กรรมการบริ การของพยาบาลวิ ชาชิ พแผนกผี ูป้ ่วย Objective: To study the service behaviors of professional nurses as นอกตามการรบรั ูของผ้ ู้รบบรั การชาวญิ ่ีปุ่นและความสมพั นธั ์ระหว่างปจจั ยสั ่วน perceived by Japanese clients and examine the relationship between บุคคลกบพฤตั กรรมการบริ การดิ งกลั ่าว วธิ การศี ึกษา: การวจิ ยเชั งความสิ มพั นธั ์ personal factors with such service behaviors. Method: In this creational กลุ่มตวอยั ่างเป็นชาวญ่ปี ุ่นทร่ี บบรั บาลทิ แผนกผ่ี ูป้ ่วยนอกทโรงพยาบาลสม่ี ติ เวชศริ ี study, subjects were 302 Japanese clients receiving service at the out- ราชาตงแตั้ ่ 1 ถงึ 30 เดอนเมษายนื 2559 จานวนํ 302 ราย สมตุ่ วอยั างแบบเจาะจง่ patient department of Samitivej-Sriracha Hospital from 1 April to 30 April รวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถามข้อมูลทัวไปและแบบประเม่ ินพฤติกรรมการ 2016. They were recruited by a purposive sampling technique. Research บรการของพยาบาลวิ ชาชิ พตามการรี บรั ูของผ้ ู้รบบรั การชาวญิ ่ีปุ่น (ภาษาญ่ีปุ่น) มี instruments included two questionnaires requesting demographic ค่าสมประสั ิทธิของความตรงตามเน์ ้ือหาและสมประสั ิทธิแอลฟ์ ่าของครอนบาค information and service behaviors of the nurses as perceived by Japanese เท่ากบั 00.95 และ 0.93 ตามลําดบั วเคราะหิ ข์ อม้ ลโดยใชู สถ้ ติ ริ อยละ้ คาเฉล่ ย่ี สวน่ clients (in Japanese). Content validity index and Cronbach’s alpha เบยงเบนมาตรฐาน่ี ค่าสมประสั ทธิ สหสิ์ มพั นธั แบบพอยท์ ์ ไบซเรี ยลและสี มประสั ทธิ ิ์ coefficient of the second questionnaire were 0.95 and 0.93 respectively. สหสมพั นธั แบบเคนดอลล์ ์ ผลการศกษาึ : กลุ่มตวอยั างส่ วนใหญ่ ่เป็นเพศชาย (รอย้ Data were analysed using percentage, mean with standard deviation, the ละ 75.16) มอายี เฉลุ ย่ี 44.75 ปี การศกษาสึ งสู ดระดุ บปรั ญญาตริ ี (รอยละ้ 40.72) Point Biserial correlation coefficient, and the Kendall’s Tau correlation มารบบรั ิการเฉล่ียจํานวน 7.27 ครงั้ ส่วนใหญ่รบบรั ิการครงทั้ ่ี 1 - 5 (ร้อยละ coefficient. Results: The majority of Japanese clients were male (75.16%) 60.93) พฤตกรรมการบริ การพยาบาลวิ ชาชิ พแผนกผี ู้ป่วยนอกตามการรบรั ูของ้ with an average age of 44.75 years. Most clients had a bachelor’s degree ผู้รบบรั การชาวญิ ่ีปุ่นโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง (M = 2.92) ข้อท่ีมีคะแนน (40.72%). Average number of OPD visits was 7.27 and the majority had 1 - สูงสุดคือ ให้ความช่วยเหลือด้วยการหาล่ามให้ เม่ือต้องการซักถามหรือให้ 5 visits (60.93%). The overall service behavior of the nurses was in the คําแนะนําต่าง ๆ (M = 3.11) และพฤตกรรมบริ การทิ อย่ี ู่ในระดบปานกลางและมั ี moderate level (M = 2.92). The item with the highest score was offering the คะแนนน้อยทส่ี ุดคอื ใหการพยาบาลตรงต้ ่อเวลา (M = 2.65) จํานวนครงของการั้ client the translator when needed for questions and advice (M = 3.11) and มารบบรั การสิ มพั นธั เช์ งลบในระดิ บตั ่ํากบพฤตั กรรมการบริ การอยิ ่างมนี ัยสําคญั the item with the lowest score was providing a timely nursing care (M = ทางสถติ ทิ ระด่ี บั 0.01 (r = 0.14) โดยเพศ อาย ุ และระดบการศั กษาไมึ ่สมพั นธั ก์ บั 2.65). The number of visits was negatively correlated with the service พฤติกรรมการบริการของพยาบาลวิชาชีพแผนกผู้ป่วยนอกตามการรบรั ู้ของ behaviors of the nurses (r = - 0.14, P < 0.01). Age, gender and educational ผูร้ บบรั การชาวญิ ่ีปุ่น สรุป: พฤตกรรมการบริ การของพยาบาลวิ ชาชิ พแผกผี ูป้ ่วย level were not correlated with the perceived service behaviors. Conclusion: นอกตามการรบรั ูของผ้ ูร้ บบรั การชาวญิ ่ีปุ่นอย่ในระดู บปานกลางั และสมพั นธั ทาง์ The service behavior of the OPD nurses, as perceived by Japanese clients ลบกบจั านวนครํ งทั้ มาร่ี บบรั การิ was in the moderate level, and negatively associated with the number of คาสํ าคํ ญั : พฤตกรรมการบริ การิ , พยาบาลวชาชิ พี , ผรู้ บบรั การชาวญิ ป่ี นุ่ OPD visits. Keywords: service behavior, professional nurses, Japanese clients Introduction In the ever-changing world, the advancement in a more competitive edge as healthcare service business has technology has had the customers expect more from become more competitive.1 Second, since customers have products and services in all sectors including healthcare an easier access to the health information necessary for service sector. Healthcare services are inevitably subject to decision making, expectation on a quality service has been higher needs and expectations toward quality products and increasing.3 Lastly, as the national policy to make Thailand services.1 In Thailand, healthcare institutes have been an international medical hub has become fruitful in the striving for a quality service as driven by the 3 factors. First, recent years, more international healthcare-oriented the institutes have adopted the concept of marketing to gain customers have been seen coming to the country. ไทยเภสชศาสตรั และว์ ทยาการสิ ขภาพุ ปี 11 ฉบับ 3, กค. –กย. 2559 106 Thai Pharm Health Sci J Vol. 11 No. 3, Jul. – Sep. 2016 In 2011, Thailand has seen three million healthcare service behavior.15 In addition to the impression to the client, services provided to international customers by private service behavior could also help enhance compliance to the hospitals and clinics. Of these, 95.2% were served in the treatment.16 With this importance of nurse service behavior, outpatient department, and the rest 4.8% in the inpatient nurse administrators need to have professional nurses setting. The largest proportion of customers were those from concerned more about this critical role and encourage them Myanmar, followed by mainland china, the USA, and Japan.4 to demonstrate such behavior. Appropriate service behavior The challenge is how to serve these customers with various of the professional nurses could result in the client’s trust in backgrounds including culture, norms, ethnicity, beliefs, the service provided, the institute, and the nurse profession religions, and language. Differences in all these aspects itself. mean the diversity in needs and expectations on service Perceived service behavior is defined as how the client quality among these international customers, let alone Thai evaluates the nurse service practice whether it is good, counterparts. The quality improvement taking these factors satisfactory, or up to the expectation. The evaluation is into account could result in a potential to compete in the processed through a cognitive function to form an overt market. interpretation. The perceived service behavior is dependent The quality healthcare service could be defined as the on environment and personal characteristics including age, service that meets the need and expectation of the gender, educational level, and payment scheme.17-19 This recipients, suffices the professional standards, and produces finding suggests that in nursing care, there is a need to good outcomes to the recipients. These outcomes refer to modify nursing service behavior to meet the need and the transition of health status of the recipients for the better, expectation of these different groups of clients. More studies either at the present, or the future.5-7 According to on the perceived nursing service behavior are needed. Donabedian, quality healthcare service could be assessed in Furthermore, complaints from clients to the Nursing Council three components namely (1) structure which includes of Thailand are mainly about dissatisfaction toward the personal characteristics, knowledge and competency of the service behavior especially poor mannerism, verbal and non- service providers, instruments, and environment (2) process verbal, and unclear and late information service.20 These which refers to physical examinations, diagnosis, nursing actual complaints are consistent with the study of manual practice, need fulfillment, and interaction with the Sawangdee in Thailand which found hospital service clients, and (3) outcomes which are defined as clinical and behaviors that needed improvement.21 Verbal mannerism psychological changes, healthcare behaviors, and the trust in needed to be more pleasant and welcoming. The reception the service.8-10 These three components are interrelated, i.e., could be more attentive, cordial and informative with good structure of the quality service could contribute to a instruction materials readily available.21 The second most quality process, which could further augment outcome crucial behavior in an urgent need for improvement, was quality.11-13 timeliness and convenience of the service. Queue budging Professional nurses offer health services both physical or skipping should not be allowed. On the nurse side, a and psychological. They also modify the environment study suggested that nurses with a high learning goal are suitable for solving health problems, slow the illness the most effective ones in the client-oriented service,
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