Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

GE AVIATION HAMBLE HAMPSHIRE

SEPTEMBER 2018

Local Planning Authority:

Eastleigh Borough Council

Site centred at: SU 47123 07342

Author: Peter Reeves BA (Jt Hons), MCIfA

Approved by: Matthew Smith BSc MCIfA

Report Status: FINAL

Issue Date: September 2018

CgMs Ref: PR/24649

No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent.

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including an Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development & Impact on Archaeological Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions

Sources Consulted

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 AHBR Plot Fig. 3 LiDAR Fig. 4 1570 Rudd Isle of Wight Fig. 5 1575 Saxton Southamptoniae Comitatus Fig. 6 1595 Norden Map of Hampshire Fig. 7 1695 Morden Colour Map of Hampshire Fig. 8 1724 Moll Map of Hampshire Fig. 9 1759 Taylor Map of Hampshire Fig. 10 1797 Ordnance Survey Drawing Fig. 11 1838 Hound and 1839 Hamble Tithe Maps Fig. 12 1867 Ordnance Survey Fig. 13 1897 Ordnance Survey Fig. 14 1909 Ordnance Survey Fig. 15 1933 Ordnance Survey Fig. 16 1964 Ordnance Survey Fig. 17 1972 Ordnance Survey Fig. 18 1999 Aerial Photograph (Google Earth Image) Fig. 19 2005 Aerial Photograph (Google Earth Image) Fig. 20 2017 Aerial Photograph (Google Earth Image) Fig. 21 Proposed Development

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Land approximately 0.55 ha in extent, on the north-eastern part of the GE Aviation Campus, Hamble-le-Rice, Hampshire is being considered for residential development.

There are no Scheduled Monuments or other designated or non-designated heritage assets on the site. Listed buildings and the adjacent Grade II Registered Park and Garden comprising the grounds of the former Royal Victoria Military Hospital are assessed and the potential development impacts considered in a separate Heritage Statement compiled in March 2017.

Despite the presence nearby of a two Roman coin hoards, there is no evidence to suggest that settlement or structures dating to this period occur on the site. It is therefore considered to have a low potential for as yet to be discovered archaeological assets.

Previous intense scrutiny of aerial photographs has not identified any features of archaeological interest within the site boundary.

Accordingly, in the absence of any harm to designated or non-designated assets, there is no archaeological constraint to the granting of planning permission.

However, the archaeological advisor to the local planning authority may take a precautionary approach and request further archaeological investigation on the site where no prior development has occurred to confirm the presence or absence of archaeological remains.

Due to the low potential for the presence of previously unknown archaeological assets on the study site and the fact that if present they are likely to be of local intrinsic value only it is considered that further archaeological investigation on the site was required this requirement could be secured with an appropriately worded planning condition attached to planning consent (if granted).

If further archaeological investigation is required, due to the sites previous development as a sports field with associated makeup and drainage infrastructure, geophysical survey is not recommended.

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INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Peter Reeves of CgMs Heritage (part of the RPS Group Plc) on behalf of GE Aviation.

1.2 The subject of this assessment, also referred to as the study site, is part of the GE Aviation Campus, Hamble-le-Rice, Hampshire. The site is c. 0.55ha in extent and is bordered to the south by a variety of buildings comprising the GE Aviation Campus, to the west by Royal Victoria Country Park, to the north by a recreation ground and to the east by Hamble Lane. The site is centred on National Grid Reference SU 47123 07342 (Figure 1).

1.3 This report is specific to archaeological (below ground) heritage assets listed buildings and the adjacent Registered Park and Garden comprising the grounds of the former Royal Victoria Military Hospital are assessed and the potential development impacts considered in a separate Heritage Statement compiled in March 2017.

1.4 In accordance with government policy, National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), this assessment draws together the available archaeological, historic, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site and the significance of any heritage assets on or near the site.

1.5 Additionally, in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments’ (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2014), the assessment includes an examination of published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. A site visit was undertaken in March 2017.

1.6 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of archaeological and heritage assets on and close to the site, assesses the potential for hitherto undiscovered archaeological assets and thus enable potential impacts on assets to be identified along with the need for design, civil engineering or archaeological solutions.

1.7 The Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment has been requested by the client following pre-application consultation with the archaeological advisor at Hampshire County Council.

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2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 National legislation regarding archaeology, including scheduled monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002, and updated in April 2014.

2.2 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which was later revised in July 2018. The NPPF is supported by the National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG), which was published online 6th March 2014 and last updated 28 July 2017 (http://planning guidance.planningportal.gov.uk).

2.3 The NPPF and NPPG are additionally supported by three Good Practice Advice (GPA) documents published by Historic England: GPA 1: The Historic Environment in Local Plans; GPA 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (both published March 2015). The second edition of GPA3: The Setting of Heritage Assets was published in December 2017.

2.4 Section 16 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 16 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

 Delivery of sustainable development  Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment  Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and  Recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our understanding of the past.

2.4.1 Section 16 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 189 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset and that the level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.4.2 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting

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consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process.

2.4.3 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.4.4 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.4.5 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.4.6 In short, government policy provides a framework which:

 Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas)  Protects the settings of such designations  In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions  Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.5 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations.

2.6 Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) was published online in March 2014. Key elements of the guidance relate to assessing harm. It states, an important consideration should be whether the proposed works adversely affect a key element of the heritage asset’s special architectural or historic interest. Adding, it is the degree of harm, rather than

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the scale of development that is to be assessed. The level of ‘substantial harm’ to a designated asset is stated to be a high bar which may not arise in many cases. Essentially, whether a proposal causes substantial harm will be a judgment for the decision taker, having regard to the circumstances of the case and the NPPF.

2.7 The NPPG guidance reiterates that the conservation of heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance is a core planning principle, requiring a flexible and thoughtful approach. Furthermore, it highlights that neglect and decay of heritage assets is best addressed through ensuring they remain in active use that is consistent with their conservation. Importantly, the guidance states that if complete, or partial loss of a heritage asset is justified, the aim should then be to capture and record the evidence of the asset’s significance, and make the interpretation publically available. Key elements of the guidance relate to assessing harm. An important consideration should be whether the proposed works adversely affect a key element of the heritage asset’s special architectural or historic interest. Additionally, it is the degree of harm, rather than the scale of development, that is to be assessed. The level of ‘substantial harm’ is considered to be a high bar that may not arise in many cases. Essentially, whether a proposal causes substantial harm will be a judgment for the decision taker, having regard to the circumstances of the case and the NPPF. Importantly, harm may arise from works to the asset or from development within its setting. Setting is defined as the surroundings in which an asset is experienced, and may be more extensive than the curtilage. A thorough assessment of the impact of proposals upon setting needs to take into account, and be proportionate to, the significance of the heritage asset and the degree to which proposed changes enhance or detract from that significance and the ability to appreciate it.

2.8 Eastleigh Borough Council is currently progressing a new Local Plan (2011-2029) which is at an early stage. This contains the following draft policies pertinent to heritage assets:

STRATEGIC POLICY S12, HERITAGE ASSETS

THE BOROUGH COUNCIL WILL CONSERVE AND ENHANCE THE BOROUGH’S HERITAGE ASSETS THROUGH: I. IDENTIFYING THE ASSETS BY MEANS OF AN ON-GOING PROGRAMME OF SURVEY AND REVIEW; II. IDENTIFYING THEIR KEY FEATURES AND MEASURES TO MANAGE AND ENHANCE THESE, E.G. THROUGH CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISALS; III. RESTRICTING DEVELOPMENT LIKELY TO HARM THEM OR THEIR SETTINGS THROUGH MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS; AND IV. ENCOURAGING DEVELOPMENT THAT ENHANCES THEM, ENSURES THEIR LONG- TERM MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE AND WHERE POSSIBLE, ENABLES PUBLIC ENJOYMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSET.

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POLICY DM10, HERITAGE ASSETS

DEVELOPMENT WILL BE PERMITTED ON, WITHIN, OR WITHIN THE SETTING OF A HERITAGE ASSET PROVIDED: I. IT DOES NOT HARM OR DETRACT FROM THE SIGNIFICANCE OR SPECIAL INTEREST OF THE ASSET, AND SUSTAINS AND ENHANCES ITS SPECIAL CHARACTER AND QUALITIES. THE MORE IMPORTANT THE ASSET, THE GREATER THE WEIGHT THAT SHOULD BE ACCORDED TO THIS CRITERION. SUBSTANTIAL HARM TO OR LOSS OF DESIGNATED ASSETS OF THE HIGHEST SIGNIFICANCE WOULD BE WHOLLY EXCEPTIONAL. DEVELOPMENT WHICH INVOLVES THE DEMOLITION OR DESTRUCTION OF ANY PART OF OTHER HERITAGE ASSETS WILL NOT BE PERMITTED UNLESS ITS REMOVAL OR REPLACEMENT WOULD ENHANCE OR BETTER REVEAL THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ASSET. IN THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, THE DEVELOPER WILL BE REQUIRED TO RECORD AND ADVANCE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANY HERITAGE ASSETS TO BE LOST, IN A MANNER APPROPRIATE TO THEIR IMPORTANCE AND THE IMPACT, AND TO MAKE THIS EVIDENCE PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE. DEVELOPMENT THAT AFFECTS AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE THAT IS ALREADY IDENTIFIED OR DISCOVERED THROUGH DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS WILL ONLY BE PERMITTED PROVIDED: A. THE REMAINS CANNOT BE PRESERVED IN SITU AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT IS SUFFICIENT TO OUTWEIGH THE VALUE OF THE REMAINS; AND B. PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE FOR A PROGRAMME OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND RECORDING AND FOR THIS EVIDENCE TO BE MADE PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE; II. IT ACHIEVES A HIGH STANDARD OF DESIGN WHICH RESPECTS AND COMPLEMENTS THE CHARACTER AND QUALITIES OF THE HERITAGE ASSET(S); III. WHERE NECESSARY, IT SECURES THE LONG TERM FUTURE MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ASSET; IV. WHERE POSSIBLE, IT ENABLES PUBLIC ENJOYMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSET; V. IT ACCORDS WITH THE OTHER POLICIES OF THIS LOCAL PLAN. EXCEPTIONALLY, DEVELOPMENT WILL BE PERMITTED THAT DOES NOT ACCORD WITH THESE POLICIES WHERE THIS IS THE ONLY WAY OF SECURING THE LONG-TERM PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF A HERITAGE ASSET; AND VI. A HERITAGE STATEMENT IS SUBMITTED WITH THE APPLICATION EXPLAINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ASSETS AFFECTED INCLUDING THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY THEIR SETTING, AT A LEVEL OF DETAIL PROPORTIONATE TO THE ASSET’S SIGNIFICANCE.

IN PERMITTING DEVELOPMENT INVOLVING A HERITAGE ASSET THE BOROUGH COUNCIL MAY SEEK A LEGAL AGREEMENT TO SECURE THE LONG TERM MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE ASSET.

2.9 Until the formal adoption of the Local Plan 2011-2029, the local policy framework is provided by the Eastleigh Borough Local Plan Review which was published in May 2006. This contains the following ‘saved’ policies which provide a framework for the consideration of development proposals affecting heritage assets:

166.LB SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS

DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD DESTROY OR DAMAGE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, A SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENT OR OTHER NATIONALLY IMPORTANT MONUMENT, OR ADVERSELY AFFECT THEIR SETTINGS, WILL BE REFUSED.

167.LB NON-SCHEDULED MONUMENTS

DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OTHER NONSCHEDULED SITES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OR THEIR SETTINGS WILL ONLY BE PERMITTED WHERE THE BOROUGH COUNCIL IS SATISFIED THAT PRESERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS IN SITU IS NOT FEASIBLE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT IS SUFFICIENT TO OUTWEIGH THE VALUE OF THE REMAINS. THE COUNCIL WILL ONLY PERMIT DEVELOPMENT WHERE SATISFACTORY PROVISION HAS

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BEEN MADE FOR A PROGRAMME OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND RECORDING PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT.

168.LB OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS

PLANNING APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING A SITE WHERE THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS MAY EXIST BUT WHOSE EXTENT AND IMPORTANCE ARE UNKNOWN, WILL ONLY BE PERMITTED IF THE DEVELOPER ARRANGES FOR AN APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF EVALUATION TO BE CARRIED OUT. THIS WILL ENABLE THE BOROUGH COUNCIL TO BE FULLY INFORMED ABOUT THE LIKELY EFFECT THAT THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT WILL HAVE UPON SUCH REMAINS

2.10 No Scheduled Ancient Monuments or other designated heritage assets (including listed buildings) lie on the site, therefore ‘saved’ policy 166.LB does not apply in this instance.

2.11 Listed buildings and the adjacent Grade II Registered Park and Garden comprising the grounds of the former Royal Victoria Military Hospital are assessed and the potential development impacts considered in a separate Heritage Statement compiled in March 2017. This assessment therefore reviews the available archaeological evidence, to establish whether ‘saved’ policy 167.LB is relevant.

2.7 This assessment also reviews the archaeological potential of the site as requested by the archaeological advisor at Hampshire County Council.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The solid geology underlying the site is recorded by the British Geological Survey as the Selsey Sand Formation (comprising Sand, Silt and Clay).

3.1.2 Superficial deposits are considered to comprise River Terrace Deposits (3rd Terrace) comprising Sand and Gravel.

3.1.3 Two boreholes located on the north-east corner of the car park identified 10cm of tarmac overlying 10cm of made ground lying directly onto underlying sand and gravel. The BGS Borehole ID’s are 20035754 and 20035755 undertaken in July 1998.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The site is comprehensively developed as sports fields and is located at a height of c. 16m AOD. The western end of the site is a car park.

3.2.2 No water courses are present on the site. The study site is located 300m north-east of Southampton Water.

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, INCLUDING AN ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Timescales used in this report:

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - AD1799 Modern AD 1800 - Present

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Archaeological information from a ‘study area’ comprising land within a 1km radius of the centre of the ‘study site’, held in the Hampshire County Council Archaeology and Historic Buildings Record (AHBR) has been collected and assessed. The results, discussed below, are presented in Figure 2.

4.1.2 This chapter reviews existing archaeological evidence for the site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area, and, in accordance with NPPF, considers the potential for as yet undiscovered archaeological evidence on the site.

4.1.3 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether the proposed development will impact the theoretical archaeological potential identified below.

4.2 Palaeolithic

4.2.1 No evidence of Palaeolithic activity has been identified either within the study site or within a 1km radius of the study site. Gravel terrace deposits are present beneath the site, however these belong to River Terrace 3 which is regarded as too early for

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evidence of Palaeolithic activity (the earliest activity is exhibited in Terrace 6 continuing to Terrace 11) the potential of the study site for Palaeolithic artefactual material is therefore considered to be low/nil.

4.3 Mesolithic and Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age

4.3.1 No evidence of Mesolithic activity has been identified either within the study site or within a 1km radius of the site. Therefore, the potential for Mesolithic evidence is considered to be low/nil.

4.3.2 From about 4,000 BC, the mobile hunter-gathering economy of the Mesolithic gradually gave way to a more settled agriculture-based subsistence. The pace of woodland clearance to create arable and pasture-based agricultural land varied regionally and locally, depending on a wide variety of climatic, geological, topographic, social and other factors. The trend was one of a slow, but gradually increasing pace of forest clearance and within these partially cleared environments monument building in particular locations took place.

4.3.3 No evidence of Neolithic, Bronze or Iron Age activity has been identified within the study site or within the wider 1km search radius.

4.3.4 As a result, the potential of the site for significant settlement or funerary evidence is considered to be low, although an isolated flint flake may occur.

4.4 Roman

4.4.1 No significant evidence of Roman activity has been identified either within the study site or within a 1km radius of the study site.

4.4.2 The AHBR records three ‘chance finds’ comprising two hoards of Roman coins and a single Roman coin.

4.4.3 The first of the hoards was discovered in 1867 during construction of the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1867 (AHBR 25777). The approximate location of the hoard is c. 800m west of the study site. The majority of the coins are dated to the 3rd century AD.

4.4.4 The second hoard, discovered during works on the Mount Pleasant recreation ground in 1968 (AHBR 25766), is located c. 75m north of the study site boundary. The majority of the coins are dated to the 4th century AD.

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4.4.5 The single Roman coin (AHBR 25791) was discovered north-east of the second hoard and the coin is of similar date.

4.4.6 The presence of the hoards is a mystery as there are no known Roman settlements, structures, roads or archaeological assets of any settlement activity recorded in the area. The nearest confirmed Roman settlement is Clausentum (modern Bitterne) located 6.2km to the north-east and the nearest Roman road is located 5.5 km to the north.

4.4.7 Hoards are typically deposited during times of crisis whether it is a landowner at risk of being raided or a traveller at risk of being robbed. Throughout the latter part of the third century AD a moderate degree of instability affected the Roman province of Brittania which descended into serious coastal raiding during the 4th century and large scale incursions across the Roman Empire (ultimately leading to the abandonment of the province in the early 5th century AD). The discovery of the hoards indicates the possible presence of some form of settlement activity in the vicinity as hoards were generally buried near a landscape feature not too far from either a settlement or transport route. As both hoards comprise small denomination bronze coins the indication is that they originate from a low status source, possibly a farmstead, metal smith or a merchant travelling a nearby unknown road.

4.4.8 The limited available evidence indicates that the study site remained in a wooded or heathland landscape although there may have been limited exploitation along the shoreline of Southampton Water.

4.4.9 Due to the lack of any evidence for settlement activity on the AHBR, in aerial photographs or on LiDAR the archaeological potential for Roman activity is considered to be low. However, the discovery of two hoards of Roman coins within the study area suggests that the potential should be regarded as unknown on the study site.

4.5 Saxon and Medieval

4.5.1 No Anglo-Saxon or early Medieval sites or finds are recorded within the study site.

4.5.2 The nearest manor recorded by Domesday is located at Hound 1.7km north of the study site. Whereas Hound contained 23 households the rest of the area to the south is considered to have comprised wilderness which is probably why the

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Tironian Priory was founded at Hamble in 1128. No settlement is recorded at Hamble until 1165 (Hamele).

4.5.3 Within the 1km search area the AHBR contains a single entry, an oven dated to either the Medieval or Post-Medieval period recorded during a watching brief for the laying of a new water main (AHBR 57404). The location is 900m north-east of the study site.

4.5.4 The Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) Medieval Settlement Project (1996) identified development in Hamble first recorded in 1165 and mentioned again in 1391 (Hamele in the Rice).

4.5.5 Given the extent of woodland and heathland surviving from the late prehistoric and Roman period and the limited extent of later Medieval settlement a low/nil archaeological potential for Anglo-Saxon/Medieval evidence is identified.

4.5.6 It is possible that evidence of former land division and agricultural practices may be present on the site however such ephemeral traces of activity should be regarded as of local interest only.

4.6 Post-Medieval and Modern

4.6.1 Little development occurs in the area throughout the Post-Medieval and Modern periods. The site remains as plantation or open land within a largely wooded and heathland grazing landscape.

4.6.2 The earliest map presented in this report, Rudd’s map of the Isle of Wight dated 1570 (Figure 4) identifies the approximate location of the site within a very sparsely populated landscape. This trend is continued in 1575 (Saxton, Figure 5), 1595 (Norden, Figure 6), 1695 (Morden, Figure 7), 1724 (Moll, Figure 8) and 1759 (Taylor, Figure 9).

4.6.3 The 1797 Ordnance Survey Drawing (Figure 10) identifies Sydney Lodge located on the south-west boundary of the site with the study site itself comprising open land with woods occupying the western end.

4.6.4 The Hamble Tithe Map, dated 1839, provides further clarity with regard to land use. The northern boundary of the study site forms the boundary between the parishes of Hound and Hamble (Figure 11). The western end of the site still comprises woodland (Plot 183), the open area to the north of Sydney Lodge comprises West

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Field (Plot 177) and Part of Park (Plot 175). At the time of the survey West Field is in arable use and Plot 175 is meadow. All the land is under the ownership of the Dowager Marchioness of Clanricarde residing in Sydney Lodge (also Figure 2, 52329).

4.6.5 The AHBR entries on Figure 2, to the west of the site, relate to various elements of the former Royal Victoria Military Hospital. 65278 marks the site of the Lunatic Hospital, 65275 is the site of the stables, 65287 is the former isolation hospital, 65291 is the site of the canteen. The location of a former pier, for offloading injured personnel, is located on the foreshore (65290). Within the Royal Victoria Country Park the sites of two Post-medieval/Modern gravel pits are noted (65288 and 65289).

4.6.6 The 1867 Ordnance Survey (Figure 12) shows no change in the site layout although the eastern and northern study site boundaries show wide vegetated boundaries and a landscape pond in the eastern field.

4.6.7 The 1897 (Figure 13) Ordnance Survey shows additional landscape planting along the southern boundary of the site and the western field has been subdivided into smaller strip fields at the western end. The site remains unchanged on the 1909 Ordnance Survey (Figure 14).

4.6.8 The 1933 Ordnance Survey (Figure 15) shows significant residential development adjacent to the study sites eastern boundary and a tennis ground and associated pavilion is constructed in the north-west corner of the western field.

4.6.9 The AHBR records features associated with protection of the airfield and associated works during World War II comprising a mixture of pillboxes (64661, 38850, 69522 and 25794) and air raid shelters (64670, 64658, 64656 and 64657).

4.6.10 The 1964 Ordnance Survey (Figure 16) records significant changes within the study site. Large buildings associated with the aviation works are constructed within the southern part of the study site and the previously open land has been converted to a sports ground with associated ancillary building and infrastructure. The previously wooded area at the western end of the site has been replaced with a car park.

4.6.11 The study site remains unchanged in 1972 (Ordnance Survey, Figure 17) however, by 1999 (Google Earth, Figure 18) and additional building has been constructed on the western part of the site.

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4.6.12 Figures 19 (2005 Ordnance Survey) and 20 (Google Earth 2017) show no changes within the study site which remains the case.

4.6.13 The archaeological potential of the site for Post-Medieval and more recent evidence is considered to be low/nil.

4.7 Designated Heritage Assets

4.7.1 There are no designated assets on the site. The site lies to east of the Royal Victoria Country Park a Registered Park and Garden. Potential development impacts on the park are considered in a separate Heritage Statement.

4.8 Historic Landscape Character

4.8.1 The entire study site is located within classification 11.3 (Recreation) as defined in the Hampshire Historic Landscape Survey (published 2013).

4.9 Assessment of Significance

4.9.1 There are no designated heritage assets on the study site.

4.9.2 There are no undesignated heritage assets on the study site recorded in the Hampshire AHBR.

4.9.3 The site has a low potential for as yet to be discovered archaeological assets. No earthworks or structures have been identified on the site on historical mapping, aerial photography or during the site visit.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON HERITAGE ASSETS

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 The study site comprises land comprehensively developed as sports fields and associated infrastructure with buildings associated with the aviation works located along the southern boundary.

5.1.2 Severe and widespread truncation resulting in the total destruction of any archaeological deposits will have occurred within the footprints of the large industrial buildings and it is considered that ground preparation for the conversion of former open land to sports ground would have resulted in significant truncation across the remainder of the site.

5.1.3 Severe and moderate truncation of archaeological deposits at shallow depth would have occurred in the car parking areas however the lowest deposits of deeper archaeological features (pits and wells) may survive.

5.2 Proposed development

5.2.1 The proposed development will comprise the demolition of all existing buildings on the site followed by comprehensive residential development with associated access roads and landscaping. The eastern end of the study site is to be redeveloped as a sports facility with associated car park.

5.3 Impact on Archaeological Assets

5.3.1 There are no designated heritage assets within the site.

5.3.2 There are no undesignated heritage assets within the site that are recorded on the Hampshire County Council AHBR.

5.3.3 Within the 1km radius study area the undesignated heritage comprise the discovery of two hoards of Roman coins. However, the assessment can find no evidence (historical mapping, aerial photographs, LiDAR, AHBR and site visit) to suggest any evidence for Roman settlement in the area that might be associated with the hoards.

5.3.4 The proposed residential development is located on areas that have previously been truncated for the creation of sports pitches and a carpark and it is considered that if any

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archaeological assets at shallow depth were present these would have been truncated leaving only deeper archaeological features remaining (if ever present). Foundations and services for the larger buildings along the southern margins of the site would have had a considerably larger impact if any archaeological assets had previously been present.

5.3.5 The proposed development is considered to have a low potential to impact on as yet to be discovered archaeological assets and these, if present, are likely to be of intrinsic value only.

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6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 In accordance with central and local government planning policy, a desk-based assessment has been undertaken to assess the impact of development and the significance of archaeological assets and to clarify the archaeological potential of the study site.

6.2 There are no Scheduled Monuments or other designated or non-designated heritage assets on the site.

6.3 Despite the presence nearby of two Roman coin hoards, there is no evidence to suggest Roman settlement in the area that might be associated with the hoards.

6.4 Accordingly, in the absence of any harm to designated or non-designated assets, there is no archaeological constraint to the granting of planning permission.

6.5 However, the archaeological advisor to the local planning authority may take a precautionary approach and request further archaeological investigation on the site where limited prior development has occurred to confirm the presence or absence of archaeological remains.

6.6 Due to the low potential for the presence of previously unknown archaeological assets on the study site and the fact that if present they are likely to be of local intrinsic value only it is considered that further archaeological investigation on the site was required this requirement could be secured with an appropriately worded planning condition attached to planning consent (if granted).

6.7 If further archaeological investigation is required, due to the sites previous development as a sports field with associated makeup and drainage infrastructure, geophysical survey is not recommended.

CgMs Limited © 18 PR/24649 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire

SOURCES CONSULTED

1. General

Hampshire Historic Environment Record

Hampshire Historic Landscape Characterisation

Hampshire Record Office

Thames/Solent Archaeological Research Framework

2. Bibliographic

Ashby, P & Dimbleby, G.W. 1976 The Moor Green Barrow, West End, Hampshire: excavations, 1961.

British Geological Survey Geology of Britain Viewer http://www.bgs.ac.uk/ 2013

Council British Archaeology 1973 20th Century Fortifications in England

Oxford Archaeology 2008 Solent Thames Archaeology Research Framework

Pevsner, N 1966 The Buildings of England: Hampshire

RCHME 1996 Medieval Settlement Project

Victoria County History A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 4 1911

Wymer, J 1968 Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain

Wymer, J 1977 Gazateer of Mesolithic Sites in England and Wales. CBA Research Report 20. Page 4

3. Cartographic 1791 Milne 1844 South Stoneham Tithe Map 1874 Ordnance Survey 1895 Ordnance Survey 1919 Ordnance Survey

CgMs Limited © 19 PR/24649 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire

2013 Ordnance Survey

CgMs Limited © 20 PR/24649 N:\24000-24999\24649 - GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 1.mxd MP / 15.06.18 J8

CITY OF SOUTHAMPTON A27 A3025 Woolston Wiltshire Surrey

A3051 EASTLEIGH DISTRICT Bursledon Hampshire Netley Lower Swanwick

West Sussex Sarisbury

FAREHAM DISTRICT

Locks Heath Dorset FAREHAM DISTRICT Hamble-le-Rice FAREHAM DISTRICT

Hythe SOUTHAMPTON WATER

Isle of Wight

Warsash

Oil Refinery NEW FOREST DISTRICT

A326 108000 107500 107000

446500 447000 447500 448000 Scale at A4: 1:10,000 0 250m

Site Boundary Figure 1: Site Location

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2018] N:\24000-24999\24649 - GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 2 HER.mxd MP / 04.07.18

65747 !(

!( 67095 (!!( 38893 !( 38849

!( 65749 !( 65750 (!!( 38850 Site Boundary

108000 Search Radius 1km !( 25765 Designated Assets: !( 65288

!( !( 65752 65291 !( !( Registered Park & 64670 !( 67096 39494 !( 57404 Garden

1001584 (RPG Grade II) ROYAL VICTORIA COUNTRY PARK !( 65289 (FORMERLY ROYAL VICTORIA MILITARY HOSPITAL) Non-Designated Assets: !( 65287 FG 25777 !( 65278 !( 38853

Archaeological Alert !( 37646 (! !( 65275 !( 65753 Area (Green) !( 64671

*# 52330 FG 25791 HER Record (Point) FG 25766 FG Findspot !( 38854 107500 IH Maritime !( 65290 !( Monument *# Parks and Gardens

!( 65754

!( 65751 !( 25794

*# 52329

!( 65274 39495 !( !( 39496 !( 64658 IH 57510 107000

!( 64656 !( 69522

!( 25795 (!!( 64661 64657 !( ± !( 64663 Scale at A3: 1:8,000 0 250m 106500 !( 64668 Figure 2: AHBR Plot

446000 446500 447000 447500 448000 448500 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 © English Heritage 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on 11.06.18 N:\24000-24999\24649 - GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 3 LIDAR.mxd MP / 18.06.18

Site Boundary 107500

LiDAR DATA

Source: Environment Agency

Data Type: DTM

Resolution: 1m

Date Captured: March 2014

Processing: simple Local Relief Model overlaid on Multi-direction Hillshade

Scale at A3: 1:1,750 0 50m

Figure 3: LiDAR Data Plot

447000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains public sector information licenced under the Open Government Licence v3.0 © English Heritage 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on 18.06.18 N:\24000-24999\24649 - GE Aviation, Hamble, Hampshire\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Figures.dwg CF / 04.07.18

H E R I T A G E

P A R T O F R P S

Site Boundary