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North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods Macrogroup: Central Hardwood Swamp yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Patricia Swain (Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife/Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program) Description: A hardwood forest of upland and wetland species occurring in depressions or poorly drained lowlands throughout the northern glaciated Midwest and Lower New England. Pin oak dominates in many areas; other common (sometimes dominant) trees include swamp white oak, bur oak, black gum, sweet gum, and red maple. Areas with more dense tree cover have less shrub and herbaceous cover then the dense understory associated with more open canopies. Buttonbush, winterberry, and alder are typical shrubs; various sedges and cinnamon fern are common in the herb layer. Composition changes with fluctuating moisture levels. It is not known how modeled examples in coastal areas from State Distribution: CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, New Jersey to southern Maine (light green) may differ from VT those in interior valleys and depressions (dark green). Total Habitat Acreage: 81,802 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 7.5% Occurs on poorly drained uplands or in depressions State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured associated with glacial features such as tillplains, lakeplains State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) or outwash plains. Soils often have an impermeable clay NY 60% 49,028 868 825 47,335 layer that can create a shallow, perched water table. MA 12% 9,632 454 1,410 7,769 Saturation periods vary, and seasonal drought is possible. Flooding, drought and fire can influence system dynamics. CT 11% 9,283 310 1,141 7,832 NJ 8% 6,289 337 232 5,719 ME 3% 2,790 30 10 2,751 NH 2% 1,964 70 332 1,562 Similar Habitat Types: VT 2% 1,766 47 36 1,683 Vegetation and topographic setting of this small patch PA 1% 1,049 1 11 1,037 wetland system, which has its core distribution in the RI 0% 0 0 0 0 glaciated Midwest, is similar to that of the Glacial Marine & Lake Wet Clayplain Forest, which was the dominant pre- settlement forest of the Champlain Valley and northwestern NY. Crosswalk to State Wildlife Action Plans: Crosswalk to State Name Examples: Forested Inland Wetland - unspecified (CT), Forested Forested Inland Wetland - Unspecified (CT), Black Gum-Pin Swamps (MA), Hardwood Swamp (NY), Wetlands - Forested Oak-Swamp White Oak "Perched" Swamp (MA), Wetlands - Wetlands and Bogs (PA), Oak-Pine-Northern Hardwood Forested Wetlands And Bogs (PA), Oak-Pine-Northern Forest - Valley Clayplain Forest (VT) Hardwood Forest - Valley Clayplain Forest (VT), Red Maple - Elm - Lady Fern Silt Forest (NH) Places to Visit this Habitat: Habitat Patch Distribution Saratoga National Historical Park | NY Overpeck County Park | NJ 50,000 40,000 Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge | MA 30,000 Rogers Island Wildlife Management Area | NY 20,000 Acres 10,000 0 Associated Species: Appendix lists scientific names 0 to 1 1 to 5 5 to 10 1000+ BIRDS: barred owl, great crested flycatcher, northern 10 to 100 waterthrush, veery, wood duck 100 to 1000 Patch Size Classes HERPTILES: eastern hog-nosed snake, northern leopard frog, The average patch size for this habitat is 8 acres and the largest single patch is 219 black racer acres. This chart shows the proportion of the habitat that is in each patch-size class. PLANTS: black maple (Acer nigrum), canada moonseed (Menispermum canadense), climbing fern (Lygodium palmatum), Age Class Distribution common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), common sneezeweed 50 (Helenium autumnale), cut-leaved evening-primrose (Oenothera 40 laciniata), foxtail sedge (Carex alopecoidea), frank's sedge 30 (Carex frankii), georgia bulrush (Scirpus georgianus), hairy wild 20 rye (Elymus villosus), narrowleaf springbeauty (Claytonia 10 virginica), purple cress (Cardamine douglassii), swamp agrimony 0 (Agrimonia parviflora) of Percent Habitat 1 to 20 20 to 40 40 to 60 60 to 80 80 to 100100 to 140 Age (Years) This chart shows the average age of trees associated with this habitat based on forest Inventory data. For non-forested systems or small habitats the average age is Species of Concern (G1-G4): Appendix lists scientific names influenced by the surroundings. BIRDS: American bittern, bald eagle, black rail, cerulean warbler Predicted Habitat Loss to Development INSECTS: Brook Snaketail 80,000 75,000 PLANTS: Culver's-root (Veronicastrum virginicum), many-fruit 70,000 false-loosestrife (Ludwigia polycarpa) 65,000 Acreage 60,000 55,000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Decade This chart shows the predicted loss of habitat over the next five decades (11,076 acres) if loss continues at the same rate as 1990-2000. The average rate of loss is 222 acres per year. Habitat Connectedness Index 100 50 0 Percent of Percent Habitat 0 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 75 75 to 100 Degree of Fragmentation (0=Highly Fragmented & 100= Highly Connected) This metric measures how connected or fragmented the land directly surrounding (18 © D.J. Evans (New York Natural Heritage Program) square miles) the habitat is, this the chart shows the proportion of the habitat in each connectedness class. North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods http://nature.ly/HabitatGuide Central Interior Highlands and Appalachian Sinkhole and Depression Pond Macrogroup: Central Hardwood Swamp yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Elizabeth Byers (West Virginia Division of Natural Resources) Description: A small pond and wetland habitat with variable vegetation found in basins of sinkholes or other isolated depressions on uplands from the Ozarks east to the northern Piedmont. Water depth may vary greatly on a seasonal basis and may be a meter deep or more in the winter. Some examples become dry in the summer. Structure varies from open water to herb-dominated to shrub-dominated, where buttonbush is a typical component. Tree-dominated examples typically contain oaks, sycamore, green ash, silver maple, and/or black gum. Many of these ponds have their geologic origin as a more-or-less complete karst collapse feature. State Distribution: MD, NJ, PA, VA, WV Total Habitat Acreage: 1,458 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 7.9% Soils are very poorly drained, and surface water may be State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured present for extended periods of time, occasionally becoming State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) dry. Soils may be deep (1 meter or more), consisting of peat PA 45% 653 9 23 621 or muck, with parent material of peat, muck or alluvium. VA 28% 415 54 11 350 MD 16% 232 5 8 219 WV 10% 150 5 0 145 NJ 1% 8 0 0 8 Similar Habitat Types: Core distribution for this system is in the Ozarks and the hilly plateaus of western Kentucky and Tennessee. Because of their association with limestone geology, these ponds often sit in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Crosswalk to State Wildlife Action Plans: Crosswalk to State Name Examples: Upland Depression Swamps (MD), Wetlands - Forested Upland Depression Swamps (MD), Shenandoah Valley Sinkhole Wetlands and Bogs (PA), Wetland Habitat - Forested (VA), Pond (Typic Type) (VA) Floodplain Forests and Swamps (WV) Places to Visit this Habitat: Habitat Patch Distribution C & O Canal National Historical Park | MD 1,200 George Washington and Jefferson National Forest | VA 1,000 800 600 Acres 400 200 0 Associated Species: Appendix lists scientific names 0 to 1 1 to 5 5 to 10 1000+ BIRDS: belted kingfisher, eastern kingbird, green heron, red- 10 to 100 shouldered hawk, willow flycatcher, wood duck 100 to 1000 Patch Size Classes PLANTS: blackfoot quillwort (Isoetes melanopoda), dwarf The average patch size for this habitat is 2 acres and the largest single patch is 15 burrhead (Echinodorus tenellus), northern st. john's-wort acres. This chart shows the proportion of the habitat that is in each patch-size class. (Hypericum boreale), pretty dodder (Cuscuta indecora), seven- angle pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum) Age Class Distribution 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percent of Percent Habitat 1 to 20 20 to 40 40 to 60 60 to 80 80 to 100100 to 140 Age (Years) This chart shows the average age of trees associated with this habitat based on forest Inventory data. For non-forested systems or small habitats the average age is Species of Concern (G1-G4): Appendix lists scientific names influenced by the surroundings. INSECTS: Nannaria ericacea (a millipede) Predicted Habitat Loss to Development PLANTS: northeastern Bulrush (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), Virginia Sneezeweed (Helenium virginicum) 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 Acreage 850 800 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Decade This chart shows the predicted loss of habitat over the next five decades (159 acres) if loss continues at the same rate as 1990-2000. The average rate of loss is 3 acres per year. Habitat Connectedness Index 100 50 0 Percent of Percent Habitat 0 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 75 75 to 100 Degree of Fragmentation (0=Highly Fragmented & 100= Highly Connected) This metric measures how connected or fragmented the land directly surrounding (18 © Elizabeth Byers (West Virginia Division of Natural Resources) square miles) the habitat is, this the chart shows the proportion of the habitat in each connectedness class. Central Interior Highlands and Appalachian Sinkhole and Depression Pond http://nature.ly/HabitatGuide North Atlantic Coastal Plain Hardwood Forest Macrogroup: Central Oak-Pine yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Robert Coxe (Delaware Species Conservation & Research Program) Description: A hardwood forest largely dominated by oaks, often mixed with pine.
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