PRINCIPLES and BEST PRACTICES on the PROTECTION of PERSONS DEPRIVED of LIBERTY in the AMERICAS (Approved by T
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International Law and Contemporary Forms of Slavery: an Economic and Social Rights-Based Approach A
Penn State International Law Review Volume 23 Article 15 Number 4 Penn State International Law Review 5-1-2005 International Law and Contemporary Forms of Slavery: An Economic and Social Rights-Based Approach A. Yasmine Rassam Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Recommended Citation Rassam, A. Yasmine (2005) "International Law and Contemporary Forms of Slavery: An Economic and Social Rights-Based Approach," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 23: No. 4, Article 15. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol23/iss4/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Articles I International Law and Contemporary Forms of Slavery: An Economic and Social Rights-Based Approach A. Yasmine Rassam* I. Introduction The prohibition of slavery is non-derogable under comprehensive international and regional human rights treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights'; the International Covenant on Civil and * J.S.D. Candidate, Columbia University School of Law. LL.M. 1998, Columbia University School of Law; J.D., magna cum laude, 1994, Indiana University, Bloomington; B.A. 1988, University of Virginia. I would like to thank the Columbia Law School for their financial support. I would also like to thank Mark Barenberg, Lori Damrosch, Alice Miller, and Peter Rosenblum for their comments and guidance on earlier drafts of this article. I am grateful for the editorial support of Clara Schlesinger. -
Union Security and the Right to Work Laws: Is Coexistence Possible?
William & Mary Law Review Volume 2 (1959-1960) Issue 1 Article 3 October 1959 Union Security and the Right to Work Laws: Is Coexistence Possible? J. T. Cutler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Labor and Employment Law Commons Repository Citation J. T. Cutler, Union Security and the Right to Work Laws: Is Coexistence Possible?, 2 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 16 (1959), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol2/iss1/3 Copyright c 1959 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr UNION SECURITY AND RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS: IS CO-EXISTENCE POSSIBLE? J. T. CUTLER THE UNION STRUGGLE At the beginning of the 20th Century management was all powerful and with the decision in Adair v. United States1 it seemed as though Congress was helpless to regulate labor relations. The Supreme Court had held that the power to regulate commerce could not be applied to the labor field because of the conflict with fundamental rights secured by the Fifth Amendment. Moreover, an employer could require a person to agree not to join a union as a condition of his employment and any legislative interference with such an agreement would be an arbitrary and unjustifiable infringement of the liberty of contract. It was not until the first World War that the federal government successfully entered the field of industrial rela- tions with the creation by President Wilson of the War Labor Board. Upon being organized the Board adopted a policy for- bidding employer interference with the right of employees to organize and bargain collectively and employer discrimination against employees engaging in lawful union activities2 . -
Modern-Day Slavery & Human Rights
& HUMAN RIGHTS MODERN-DAY SLAVERY MODERN SLAVERY What do you think of when you think of slavery? For most of us, slavery is something we think of as a part of history rather than the present. The reality is that slavery still thrives in our world today. There are an estimated 21-30 million slaves in the world today. Today’s slaves are not bought and sold at public auctions; nor do their owners hold legal title to them. Yet they are just as surely trapped, controlled and brutalized as the slaves in our history books. What does slavery look like today? Slaves used to be a long-term economic investment, thus slaveholders had to balance the violence needed to control the slave against the risk of an injury that would reduce profits. Today, slaves are cheap and disposable. The sick, injured, elderly and unprofitable are dumped and easily replaced. The poor, uneducated, women, children and marginalized people who are trapped by poverty and powerlessness are easily forced and tricked into slavery. Definition of a slave: A person held against his or her will and controlled physically or psychologically by violence or its threat for the purpose of appropriating their labor. What types of slavery exist today? Bonded Labor Trafficking A person becomes bonded when their labor is demanded This involves the transport and/or trade of humans, usually as a means of repayment of a loan or money given in women and children, for economic gain and involving force advance. or deception. Often migrant women and girls are tricked and forced into domestic work or prostitution. -
An Interstate Analysis of Right to Work Laws
SARVIS THE HIGH COST OF BIG LABOR An Interstate Analysis of Right AN INTERSTATE ANALYSIS OF RIGHT TO WORK LAWS WORK OF RIGHT TO ANALYSIS AN INTERSTATE to Work Laws The Competitive Enterprise Institute promotes the institutions of liberty and works to remove government-created barriers to economic freedom, innovation, and prosperity through timely analysis, effective advocacy, inclusive coalition- building, and strategic litigation. COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE 1899 L Street NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 202-331-1010 cei.org RICHARD VEDDER & JONATHAN ROBE CEI THE HIGH COST OF BIG LABOR An Interstate Analysis of Right to Work Laws by Richard Vedder and Jonathan Robe 58402.1_CEI_RighttoWork.indd 1 7/23/14 10:25 AM The Competitive Enterprise Institute’s The High Cost of Big Labor series analyzes and compares the economic impact of labor policies on the states, including right to work and public sector collective bargaining laws. 2 An Interstate Analysis of Right to Work Laws 58402.1_CEI_RighttoWork.indd 2 7/23/14 10:25 AM Executive Summary HE COMPELLING PREPONDERANCE sources available for workers, lowers produc- of evidence suggests there is a substantial, tivity growth and wealth creation, and makes Tsignificant, and positive relationship be- people less well off than they would be in a tween economic growth in a state and the pres- fully free labor market. ence of a right to work (RTW) law. Incomes rise following the passage of RTW This paper presents a labor economics anal- laws, even after adjusting for the substan- ysis of the effect of right to work laws on state tial population growth that those laws also economies, and ranks states’ per capita income induce. -
Refugees' Right to Work and Access to Labor Markets – an Assessment
KNOMAD STUDY Refugees’ Right to Work and Access to Labor Markets – An Assessment Part I: Synthesis (Preliminary) Roger Zetter Héloïse Ruaudel September 2016 i The KNOMAD Working Paper and Study Series disseminates work in progress under the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). A global hub of knowledge and policy expertise on migration and development, KNOMAD aims to create and synthesize multidisciplinary knowledge and evidence; generate a menu of policy options for migration policy makers; and provide technical assistance and capacity building for pilot projects, evaluation of policies, and data collection. KNOMAD is supported by a multi-donor trust fund established by the World Bank. Germany’s Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Sweden’s Ministry of Justice, Migration and Asylum Policy, and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) are the contributors to the trust fund. The views expressed in this study do not represent the views of the World Bank or the sponsoring organizations. All queries should be addressed to [email protected]. KNOMAD studies, working papers and a host of other resources on migration are available at www.KNOMAD.org. ii Refugees’ Right to Work and Access to Labor Markets – An Assessment* Roger Zetter and Héloïse Ruaudel† Abstract For refugees, the right to work is vital for reducing vulnerability, enhancing resilience, and securing dignity. Harnessing refugees’ skills can also benefit local economic activity and national development. But there are many obstacles. Based on a sample of 20 countries hosting 70 percent of the world’s refugees, this study investigates the role and impact of legal and normative provisions providing and protecting refugees’ right to work within the 1951 Refugee Convention as well as from the perspective of non- signatory states. -
Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States
The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States Updated April 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33105 SUMMARY RL33105 The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and April 16, 2021 Relations with the United States Derek E. Mix Many U.S. officials and Members of Congress view the United Kingdom (UK) as the United Specialist in European States’ closest and most reliable ally. This perception stems from a combination of factors, Affairs including a sense of shared history, values, and culture; a large and mutually beneficial economic relationship; and extensive cooperation on foreign policy and security issues. The UK’s January 2020 withdrawal from the European Union (EU), often referred to as Brexit, is likely to change its international role and outlook in ways that affect U.S.-UK relations. Conservative Party Leads UK Government The government of the UK is led by Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party. Brexit has dominated UK domestic politics since the 2016 referendum on whether to leave the EU. In an early election held in December 2019—called in order to break a political deadlock over how and when the UK would exit the EU—the Conservative Party secured a sizeable parliamentary majority, winning 365 seats in the 650-seat House of Commons. The election results paved the way for Parliament’s approval of a withdrawal agreement negotiated between Johnson’s government and the EU. UK Is Out of the EU, Concludes Trade and Cooperation Agreement On January 31, 2020, the UK’s 47-year EU membership came to an end. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. -
Work-Family Balance Policies
Work-Family Balance Policies Background paper prepared by Professor Margaret O’Brien University of East Anglia [email protected] The author Professor Margaret O’Brien (Ph.D., 1984, London School of Economics) co-directs the University of East Anglia Centre for Research on the Child and Family in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. She is a clinical psychologist with long-standing research interests in: fatherhood and work family policy; and fathers, parenting and family life, in which areas she has published widely. Professor O’Brien serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Fathering and on several international and national advisory and government boards including: the Equality and Human Rights Commission Working Better Programme; the Caribbean Support Initiative Programme on Child-Rearing Research; the UNICEF international consultative group on child-friendly cities; and the International Network on Leave Policies and Research. In 2011 she contributed to the UN Report Men in Families and Family Policy in a Changing World. Note This paper has been issued without formal editing. The views expressed in the present publication are those of the authors and do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, particularly concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for analytical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. -
The Future Relationship Between the United Kingdom and the European Union
THE FUTURE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Cm 9593 THE FUTURE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by Command of Her Majesty July 2018 Cm 9593 © Crown copyright 2018 Any enquiries regarding this publication This publication is licensed under the terms should be sent to us at of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except [email protected] where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- ISBN 978-1-5286-0701-8 government-licence/version/3 CCS0718050590-001 07/18 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain Printed on paper containing 75% recycled permission from the copyright holders fibre content minimum. concerned. Printed in the UK by the APS Group on This publication is available at behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s www.gov.uk/government/publications Stationery Office The future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union 1 Foreword by the Prime Minister In the referendum on 23 June 2016 – the largest ever democratic exercise in the United Kingdom – the British people voted to leave the European Union. And that is what we will do – leaving the Single Market and the Customs Union, ending free movement and the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice in this country, leaving the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy, and ending the days of sending vast sums of money to the EU every year. We will take back control of our money, laws, and borders, and begin a new exciting chapter in our nation’s history. -
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MAN (Adopted by the Ninth International Conference of American States, Bogotá, Colombia, 1948) WHEREAS: The American peoples have acknowledged the dignity of the individual, and their national constitutions recognize that juridical and political institutions, which regulate life in human society, have as their principal aim the protection of the essential rights of man and the creation of circumstances that will permit him to achieve spiritual and material progress and attain happiness; The American States have on repeated occasions recognized that the essential rights of man are not derived from the fact that he is a national of a certain state, but are based upon attributes of his human personality; The international protection of the rights of man should be the principal guide of an evolving American law; The affirmation of essential human rights by the American States together with the guarantees given by the internal regimes of the states establish the initial system of protection considered by the American States as being suited to the present social and juridical conditions, not without a recognition on their part that they should increasingly strengthen that system in the international field as conditions become more favorable, The Ninth International Conference of American States AGREES: To adopt the following AMERICAN DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MAN Preamble All men are born free and equal, in dignity and in rights, and, being endowed by nature with reason and conscience, they should conduct themselves as brothers one to another. The fulfillment of duty by each individual is a prerequisite to the rights of all. -
Law and Ideology
Valparaiso University Law Review Volume 19 Number 1 Symposium: Rights, Work, and pp.15-35 Collective Bargaining Symposium: Rights, Work, and Collective Bargaining The Right to Work: Law and Ideology Richard T. De George Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Richard T. De George, The Right to Work: Law and Ideology, 19 Val. U. L. Rev. 15 (1984). Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol19/iss1/2 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Valparaiso University Law Review by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. De George: The Right to Work: Law and Ideology PART I: RIGHTS AND WORK THE RIGHT TO WORK: LAW AND IDEOLOGY RICHARD T. DE GEORGE* Many people in the United States feel strongly about human rights. They champion human rights, criticize the violation of human rights abroad, and both support the U.S. Government's complaints about human rights violations in other countries and encourage a stronger policy on human rights than the Reagan administration has adopted. Yet listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the right to work-a right neither recognized nor respected in the United States, where unemployment is both accepted and expected. How are we to explain this apparent contradiction in attitudes, and what importance does it have for law? I. THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WORK The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 23, states: 1. -
Suicide Killing of Human Life As a Human Right
Liberty University Law Review Volume 6 Issue 1 Article 3 August 2011 Suicide Killing of Human Life as a Human Right William Wagner John Kane Stephen Kallman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review Recommended Citation Wagner, William; Kane, John; and Kallman, Stephen (2011) "Suicide Killing of Human Life as a Human Right," Liberty University Law Review: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Liberty University School of Law at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Liberty University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUICIDE KILLING OF HUMAN LIFE AS A HUMAN RIGHT The Continuing Devolution of Assisted Suicide Law in the United Kingdom Prof. William Wagner, Prof. John Kane, and Stephen P. Kallman† INTRODUCTION Throughout its remarkable history, Great Britain’s culture and law safeguarded the dignity of human life by refusing to recognize a “right” to suicide. Indeed, contemporary British statutes make it a serious crime even to assist in the commission of a suicide killing.1 Recent parliamentary proposals2 and a court decision,3 however, deliberately abandoned these deeply-rooted cultural, historical, and legal traditions. Most recently, in an † Before joining academia, Professor William Wagner served as a Federal Judge in the United States Courts, as an American Diplomat in the United States government, and as a Legal Counsel in the United States Senate. Professor Wagner currently holds a permanent appointment on the tenured faculty at the Thomas M.