Biosci. Biotech. Res. Gomm. Vol. (3) No. (1) June, 2010(55-60)

Assessrnent of anthropogenic activities in Akot, district , : A thermal atmospheric study nSawane Bobdey A.D., A.P. and **Dhande Ravi.

Department of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Science Coltege, Nagpur *Department of Zoology, Anand Niketan **Department Goltege,waroia. of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Arts, Gommerce., and SciencJioltege, Akot, DistrictAkola MS lndia

Received: 1713110 Accepted: after revision 20l0l10

ABSTRACT

The present study tleals rsith the thermal atmospheric status of Atot ctti. certain dlrect alal inilirect human tlmestic thelral act,ivities contribute'the e:icess varming ot atmospueiis alr. snarr 5cal6 comerciaL activities of the locality €mit the heat in atmosphere. Tha prase-nt data of wlnte! 8ludieE indicates the ftuctuation of attrosDhelic t@perature in-the variou]s pfaqes fn the although city, consiilerable variatious in the atmEpheric tenperature lu narkdi area 6ue to heat activities in hotelE antl resEaurants. ttre average daflactlo; in aubient te*rerbt*" f, uy 2"C.In the age of uotlernizati'on ar l urbanization of 1ocalities, use """ora"a the of certaln appliances-niss and their collective enisslon of heaE in the air increase lhe air t€operature, while the atoDestlc activities of tocalities cotrtribute to increaee in environneirtaf temp"i.t*"-*a ultinately globar wa: ing.Ths toors and, lrethods used i! preselt stuily nay pto.ria" o"n ilraiegies-ta in ttra thermal atno.pheric study. The nay reflect th€ ri;ht on possitre reeponsible to contribute tbe atmospheiic'tualy waruing, ""u""" "orr""" Kay rcrds.. eTobal wazming, ait, t6,{)erature, WTlutioa, iher:,,Ial.activitlds. INTRODUCTION haze with serious impacts on public health (Roth, 2009) The process of urbanization produces radical changes in the nature of the surface and atmospheric properties Areg of Akot city has a great religious importance since of a region, because the natural vegetation is removed the last decades. ln vidharbha region of Maharashtra and replaced by non-evaporating and non-transpiring state, Akot is located nearthe base of satpuda foot hills. surfaces such as metal, asphalt and concrete and other The area around the city is blessed with ihe successful anthropogenic activities, (Cueto et.al. 2009). Surface agriculture and commercial business lines, in the temperature in many Asian cities have been elevated population of locality more than one lack. But in last due to urbanization and global warming, (Makato et al. couple of decade Akot city witness maximum 2006). Lynn et.al (2007) found that the bhicago area urbanization and hence face resutted consequences. could see an increase in the average summer temperature of approximately 10 degrees Fbhrenheit by Urbanization and industrialization have resulted in 2080 as a result of anthropogenic ctimate change. detoriation of ambient air quality of most lndian cities (Dutta and Mena, 2008). The impact of anthrologenic During the next three decades, the world population is emission in to the atmosphere and their movement expected to increase from into 6.1 to 8.1 billion, with nearly the biosphere is responsible for variety all of this growth concentrated of ctrronic ano in urban areas located in acute diseases at_local, regional and global less developed countries. "the scale, Such concentrations of (Chaudhary and Banerjee, 2009). ln people and'activity are ,g" of exerting increasing stress on the industrialization, atmosphere is suffering natural environment. recent frori the ln decades, air pollution, problem of heat waves due to increase jreen urban warmth of house and emissions of carbon dioxide have gases, (Menon, 1g8g). However, become important problems the flst growing of cities causing urban urbanization in lndia resutted in to increr." of"hr*"n

55 Bobdey et al., Biosci. Biotech. Res. Gomm. Vol. (3) No. (1) June, 2010(55-60)

population in small cities. This interns increasing the furnaces for continuous'warming of food in restaurants domestic organic sewage and garbage in the city. Man emits plenty of heat in the atmosphere with the emission introduce large amount of gases wastes and fine of carbon dioxide, (Roether, 1980). particulate materials in to the atmosphere, which fluctuate the meteorological conditions of the According to Krishan and Saha, (2008) globalwarming atmosphere, (Annonymous, 1970).The traditional is largely associated with an increase in atmospheric system of sewage and garbage management is facing CO, concentration due to burning of fossil fuel. Padma the problems of proper disposal of the wastes and et al. (2009) reported that domestic fire and automobile sewage. So, most of the organic matter retains in the city vehicles are the main sources to increase atmospheric area in an exposed condition. temperature in urban areas. According to survey of Bhaskaran, (1995) 65% of total coal in the world is used On the other hand; the use of domestic and commercial to produce the electricity and remaining 35% of it is used machineries is increasing on large extent with increase for the burning in to houses and factories. Kate and Paul of cement and steel structures of residential colonies. (2008) have investigated the effects of urbanization on Certain facts about the thermal activities of man in the the local weather and climate of Chicago. However in urban and rural societies shows remarkable picture the residential areas of rural and urban localities, the pollution about the thermal of air. The increasing atmospheric temperature showed lesser values by 1o C biodegradation processes of wastes and sewage and than the values of market area, (Table 1 .1 ). heat producing activities of human beings are also taken in to consideration while studying the thermal ecology. Recently, similar results have been observed by Saini et al., (2009) at Roorki city, Uttarakhand and Dutta and MATERIALAND METHODS Meena (2008) in Ajmer city, Rajasthan. Municipal Three sampling areas were selected in the Akot city to channels containing the load of domestic organic survey the sources of heat in addition to solar radiation. wastes, warms the air in certain limits. Biochemical Station 'Sf is the sampling area located beyond the degradation by microbes in the open rnunicipaldrainage residential areas, at road. Station 'S2' is the channels may also contribute to evolve the green house middle of residential area named as Bargan in Akot. gases, (Asthana and Asthana, 1gg8). On the other Station 'S3' is the middle of the market area in Akot. hand, exothermic degradation processes are Certain generalized facts in the ruraland urban localities responsible to warm the surrounding environment. ln were taken in to consideration, to assess the sustained vegetable market area, the daily disposal of large minor thermal emission sources. Municipal garbage amount of green leaves on land and its microbial and sewage disposal system was observed and the degradation contributes the heat and gases to the garbage dumping habits of locality was studied. atmosphere.

The temperature variation is measured by the standard Comparatively lesservalues during the month ofAugust Hicks make thermometer during the months of August, may attribute to the frequency of precipitation and more September, October and November 2007. The thermal humidity in the air. lncreased milk production in the rural based human activities were recorded including the areas of Akot also produces the large quantity of bovine domestic activities and low scale commercial activities. waste matter. The dumping of this catfle dung on land Periodical visits were performed to the various areas to results in to its microbial degradation with emission of know daily use of minor heat emission sources. The post heat and carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulphides monsoon and winter temperature from different stations etc, that contributes to the green house effect. of the citywas recorded, (Kumar, 1998). The revolution in the number of automobiles and RESULTSAND DISCUSSION improper conditions of roads in the Akot city, resulted in Average temperature of air in Akot city ranges from to the disposal of fine dust particles in to the air. The 25.690 C to 33.010 C during August, September and absorption and conduction of heat in to the air by dust October months. Average difference between the air particles increase the air temperature values at the temperature of market areas having hotels, canteens market and the residential areas. M.l.T. reports during and restaurants, and the residential areas, and the open 1970, have been reported the increase of fine particlei lands beyond the city area, is recorded 1o C to 20 C. in the atmosphere containing dust and ash, due to (Table 1.1). The enhanced values of air temperature at human activities. market area may attribute to the continuous burning or large amount of kerosene and LPG in the commercial However highly illuminating sodium vapor tighting in the stoves of hotels and tea canteens and coal burning in market area, emits plenty of heat in the air during night. the furnaces in the restaurants. The wide hearth of On the other hand, every house including lower class to

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