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The Rijksherbarium, Leiden PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 6, 2, pp. 185-191 (1971) Tolypocladium, eine Hyphomycetengattung mit geschwollenen Phialiden W. Gams Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn (Mit 3 Abbildungen) wird Tolypocladium, eine neue Gattung von bodenbürtigen Moniliales, charakterisiert durch langsamwüchsige, polsterförmige, weissliche Kul- terminal und teilweise kurzen turen, lateral, an Seitenästen, wirtelig angeordnete Phialiden, die aus einer angeschwollenen Basis und einem fadenförmigen,oft gebogenenHals bestehen, und kleine einzellige Konidien in Köpfchen. Drei neueArten werden beschrieben. Anschliessend werden Gattungen der Moniliales mit angeschwollenen Phialiden und Köpfchen von einzelligen Konidien vergleichend besprochen. Tolypocladium, gen. nov. Genus Hyphomycetum Beauveriae simile sed phialides ferens. Coloniae lente crescentes, albae. Post dies conidia pulviniformes, floccosae, Hyphae tenues, I-I.5(-2.O) p, crassae. 5-10 in colonia formantur. vel copiosa tota sparsa Conidiophora brevia, lateralia terminalia ferunt. Phialides basi in Collum phialides acervatas inflatae, longum, saepe obliquum atte- vel nuatae. Phialosporae capitulis connexae, parvae, continuae, globosae cylindricae, hyalinae, leves. Chlamydosporae absunt. Species typica: Tolypocladium inflatum W. Garns. Etymologie: xoXii7n) = Knäuel, xXdcäoi; — Ast. Kolonien weiss. langsamwüchsig, polsterförmig, flockig-wattig, Hyphen zart, 1-1,5 (-2,0) /t breit; nach 5 bis 10 Tagen über die ganze Kultur gleichmässig verstreut sporulierend. Konidienträger kurz, lateraloder terminal dichteWirtel von Phialiden Phialiden mit Basis und oft tragend. geschwollener fadenförmig verjüngtem, ge- knicktem Hals. Phialosporen in Köpfchen, klein, hyalin, glatt, einzellig, kugelig oder zylindrisch. Chlamydosporen fehlen. SCHLÜSSEL 1. Auffallender Actinomyceten-artiger Geruch, Phialidenbasis mässig geschwollen . T. geodes 2. Ohne auffallenden Geruch. Phialidenbasis beinahe kugelig angeschwollen, a. Konidien zylindrisch T. cylindrosporum b. Konidien subglobos T. inflatum 1. Tolypocladium inflatum, nov. —Abb. 1 Coloniae diebus medio 10 13-20 mm diametro, floccosae, albae, reverso ochraceo-griseo, odore indistincto. Phialides laterales vel terminales insident verticillatae, hyphis vel e latera- 185 Persoonia Vol. Part 186 6, 2, 1971 libus cellulis brevibus X e basi X crassis, 3.5 2-3 p, oriuntur; phialides inflata, 2.5-3.5 2.0- _ et x constant. Conidia 2 ,u collo filiformi, deflexo, capitulis -5( 3-°) > saepe 2.5-4 0.3-0.5 p, absunt. connexa, subglobosa, hyalina, levia, 2.0-2.5 X 1.4-2.0 p. Chlamydosporae Typus CBS 824.70, isolatus e terra humosa subalpina, Obergurgl, Austria, 1958. mit in der Kolonien in 10 Tagen 13-20 mm im Durchmesser, wattig, weiss, Mitte ockergrauer Unterseite, geruchlos. Sporulation reichlich, seitlich und terminal an Hyphen des Luftmycels: Phialiden sitzen in Wirtein entweder direkt auf den in terminaler stark Hyphen (insbesondere Stellung) oder an oft gedrungenen, meist messenden nach einem terminalen Phialidenwirtel 3,5 X 2-3 fi Trägerzellen; endigen die fertilen Hyphen oft mit einer etwas längeren Phialide. Die Phialiden einem stark tmd bestehen aus angeschwollenen Basalteil, 2,5-3,5 x 2,0-2,5 (~3>°) einem schlanken, fadenförmigen, oft gebogenen Halsteil, 2,5-4 X 0,3-0,5fi. Koni- Chla- dien zu wenigen in Köpfchen, subglobos, hyalin, glatt, 2,0-2,5 X 1,4-2,07«. mydosporen fehlen. UNTERSUCHTES MATERIAL: CBS isoliert Bärrinne 824.70, Typenstamm, aus subalpinem Rohhumusboden, nebst weiteren bei Obergurgl, Oetztal, Tirol, 2100m Höhe, 1958, zahlreichen Stämmen von derselben Herkunft. Ferner von ähnlichen Standorten am Nordhang des Patscher Kofels bei und bei der TiefentalerAlm im Innsbruck, 1970 m, Pitztal, ca. 2050 m (Gams, 1959). Isolat AM isoliert Norton Mine CBS 714.70, 5-11-4C, aus Sandbank, drainway bei Elins, W-Virginia, Juni 1964; CBS 715.70, Isolat PR 2-7-3, und CBS 724.70, Cache la durch Isolat PR 2-37- 1 -1, isoliert vom Poudre River, Colorado, Juli 1965, W. B. Cooke. isoliert Aradus Müller- CBS 716.70, Stamm E 391/64, von cinnamomeus, durch E. Kögler, Darmstadt. 063, isoliert aus Walderde unter Pinus resinosa, Petawawa, Ontario, und «77, isoliert unter Pinus contorta, Kananaskis, Alberta, P. Widden, 1967; JB 530, aus Abb. 1. Tolypocladium inflatum, Abb. 2. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, Konidien- Konidienträger und Konidien aus träger und Konidien aus Kulturen auf Malzagar, auf alt 6 und alt Kultur Malzagar, 9 Tage 9 Tage (1000:1). (1000:1). Gams: Die Hyphomycetengatlung Tolypocladium 187 alpinem Boden, Mt. Allan, 1900 m, Kananaskis, J. Bisset, 1969; alle erhalten von G. C. Bhatt. 2. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, spec. nov.—Abb. 2 albae vel Coloniae 10 diebus 15-20 mm diametro, pallide bubalinae, reverso incolori, odore indistincto. Phialides verticillatae vel solitariae, laterales vel terminales hyphis insident vel e lateralibus cellulis e basali brevibus, 3-6 X 2,0-2.5 f» oriuntur; phialides parte inflata, collo conidia 3-5 X 2.0-2.8 p, et filiformisaepe deflexo, 1.5-2.0 X 0.3-0.5 p, constant; capi- tulis 1.2-1.6 connexa, saepe fasciculata, cylindrica, hyalina, levia, 4.0-5.8 X p. Chlamydo- absunt. sporae CBS isolatus Typus 718.70, e terra uliginosa, Anglia, P. M. Latter, 1965. Kolonien in im weiss bis 10 Tagen 15-20 mm Durchmesser, wattig-flockig, creme, Unterseite ungefärbt, geruchlos. Sporulation lateral und terminal an Hyphen des Luftmycels; Trägerzellen weniger stark gedrungen als bei der vorigen Art, im typi- schen Fall 3-6 X 2,0-2,5 fi. Phialiden mit stark geschwollenem Basalteil, 3-5 X und einem oft schlanken 2,0-2,8 p, gekrümmten Hals, 1,5-2,0 X 0,3-0,5 in Köpfchen, oft parallel gebündelt, zylindrisch, manchmal schwach gekrümmt, mit abgerundeten Enden, hyalin, glattwandig, 4,0-5,8 X 1,2-1,6 p. Chlamydosporen fehlen. UNTERSUCHTES MATERIAL; CBS Isolat und CBS Isolat 718.70, Typenstamm, 45, 725.70 A, 44, aus Torf, Moor House, Northern Pennines, P. M. Latter, 1965. CBS Isolat M Streu Pteridium Roudsea 717.70, 4769, aus von aquilinum, Wood, Lancs., J. C. Frankland, Dez. 1965. CBS isoliert Erdboden bei durch O. 719.70, aus Jeseniky Fassatiovä, Juli 1967. CBS 720.70, Isolat 681011 /249, und 725.70 B, Isolat 690110/448, aus Ackerboden, Wageningen, W. Veenbaas-Rijks. 3. Tolypocladium geodes, spec. nov.—Abb. 3 Coloniae diebus fortis- 10 13-18 mm diametro, candidae, floccosae, reverso incolori, odor simus terrae similis. Phialides verticillatae vel solitariae, laterales vel terminales hyphis insident vel cellulis basi modice e lateralibus, 3-6 X 1.2-2.5 g, oriuntur; phialides inflatae, 5-6 x 1.2- 2.0 in Collum deflexum omnino 8-12 p, 2-3 p longum plerumque egrediuntur, p longae, terminales Conidia vel nonnumquam longiores. capitulis connexa, globosa subglobosa, 1.6-2.0 diametro. absunt. (-2.2) p Chlamydosporae Typus CBS 723.70, isolatus e terra agresti, Wageningen, J. H. van Emden, 1967. riechend. Etymologie: = Erde, -wSrjt; = Kolonien in 10 Tagen 13-18 mm im Durchmesser, wattig, rein weiss, mit farbloser Unterseite (auf Czapek-Agar grünlich). Geruch auffallend Actinomyceten-ähnlich und stechend. Sporulation reichlich an Hyphen des Luftmycels lateral terminal; die Trägerzellen sind im allgemeinen schlanker als bei den beiden anderen Arten der und Phialiden in Wirtein oder Gattung messen 3-6 X 1,2-2,5 P- unregelmässigen mit Basis X die allmählich in Gruppen, mässig geschwollener von 5-6 1,2-2,0p, einen meist Halsteil der Phialiden gekrümmten, 2—3 p langen übergeht; Gesamtlänge Part 188 Persoonia Vol. 6, 2, 1971 Abb. und Konidien Kultur auf Möhren- 3. Tolypocladium geodes, Konidienträger aus alt Kartoffel-Agar, 5 Tage (1000:1). 8-12 in terminaler oft Konidien in oder u, Stellung länger. Köpfchen, kugelig im Durchmesser. fehlen. subglobos, 1,6-2,0 (-2,2) fj, Chlamydosporen UNTERSUCHTES MATERIAL: CBS 723.70, Typenstamm, Isolat 671201/323, aus Ackerboden, Wageningen, Emden. J. H. van CBS 721.70, Isolat 35, und CBS 722.70, Isolat 37A, aus Torf, Moor House, Northern Pennines, P. M. Latter, 1965. CBS 726.70 A, Isolat S 14/16, von Picea-Wurzeln, Seeland, Dänemark, D. S. Malla, 1970. CBS isoliert Salzmarsch bei Newcastle C. H. 726.70 B, aus upon Tyne, Dickinson, 1970. namentlich Zahlreiche Stämme aus alpinen Rohhumusböden (Gams, 1959), vom Nordhang des Patscher Kofels bei Innsbruck, 1970 m; Bärrinne bei Obergurgl, Oetztal, NW- und SW-Hang, 2100 m; Tiefentaler Alm im Pitztal, wo die Art an einem in und O-Hang 2200 m dominierte; Geolsalm, NO-Hang SO-Hang, 1900 m, und Loas, O-Hang, 1700 m, im Zillertal. Diskussion Tolypocladium kann am treffendsten charakterisiert werden als Beauveria-ähnliche Hyphomyceten-Gattung, die jedoch Phialosporen bildet, während sich bei Beauveria die sporogenen Zellen sympodial verlängern. Gams: Die Hyphomycetengattung Tolypocladium 189 Hyphomycetengattungen mit einzelligen Phialosporen und pfriemlichen Phialiden wurden durch Gams (1971) zusammengestellt und gegeneinander abgegrenzt. Gattungen mit flaschenförmigen und angeschwollenen Phialiden mit Konidien- köpfchen sind noch nicht genügend revidiert. In der folgenden Uebersicht wird eine erste Zusammenfassung versucht. Aufgrund der Konidienträgerstrukturen müssten die hier beschriebenen Arten in Trichoderma Pers. ex Fr. gestellt werden. Diese Gattung besitzt jedoch viel rascheres Wachstum, in Pusteln angeordnete Konidienträger und breitere Hyphen. Auch Arten mit stark geschwollenen Phialiden und sterilen Enden der Konidienträger, die oft in Pachybasium Sacc. zusammengefasst wurden, werden nun bei Trichoderma eingereiht (Rifai, 1969). Die Konidienträger von
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