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Degrowth in Action, from Opposition to Alternatives Building

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Degrowth in Action, from Opposition to Alternatives Building Degrowth in Action, from Opposition to Alternatives Building — How the Cooperativa Integral Catalana enacts a Degrowth vision Master’s Thesis in Human Ecology: Culture, Power and Sustainability International Master’s Programme – 30 ECTS Degree of Master of Science – Two Years Human Ecology Division, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University Author: Sheryle Carlson Supervisor: Richard Langlais Term: Fall Term 2012 Department: Human Geography, Human Ecology Division Address: Geocentrum 1 Sölvegatan 12 223 62 Lund Phone: +46-46-2228417 Supervisor: Richard Langlais Title and Subtitle: Degrowth in Action, from Opposition to Alternatives Building: How the Cooperativa Integral Catalana (CIC) enacts a Degrowth vision Author: Sheryle Carlson Examination: Master’s thesis (two year) Term of defense: Fall Term 2012 Abstract Degrowth, beyond an ideology, is a comprehensive vision comprised of critical analysis, strategies, and actions denouncing the growth paradigm and presents alternatives calling for radical systemic change. I describe a degrowth vision to compare to my case study, the Cooperativa Integral Catalana (CIC), which is “a transition initiative” in Catalunya, Spain, for autonomous, democratic, and ecological living from the capitalist system. CIC, incepted in May 2010, has emerged as a response to the crisis in Spain, built upon and drawing from a regional legacy of activism and alternatives-building, including the anarchist, cooperative, and more recent, Indignados/15M movements. With focus on the local (and interregional) scale of the degrowth project, I present processes, models, and strategies used in CIC, relating to degrowth’s main objectives: the deepening of democracy and (re)politicizing of the economy, guided by concurrent values in degrowth proposals. 1 Acknowledgements I extend here my most sincere thanks to my family, friends, colleagues, teachers, and classmates for their support, including a special thanks to: My supervisor Richard Langlais, my professor Susan Paulson, and Mark Anielski for guiding me along the early planning stages of this thesis, Zack Thill for editing help, and all of my CPS classmates for their input, friends Laura, Larissa, and Rob for brainstorming feedback, the Research & Degrowth group and Fede for extending me a place in their circle, Filka Sekulova for critical feedback, Kristofer Dittmer for useful references, gracious translators like Jess, Nuria and Mattia, CIC members for their participation, Vado for his continual insight, Didac-Costa for information and translations, Enric Duran for extending me welcome, Anna and the Sorensen family for their hospitality, my partner Kelso Sorensen and my magnificent parents, Bonnie and Eric Carlson for their love and support. Thanks also to the Swedish people for providing me the opportunity to study in this important and unique program in Sweden, and to my governments for granting me financial student loans which they borrow from private banks on my behalf - loans I am to repay at a floating rate of interest plus an extra 2.5% as a high-risk borrower. Disclaimer First, I use people’s real names if by verbal or written form in an understanding, consent, and acceptance for me to do so. Second, some translations were made via google-translate of internal CIC documents, and others done by volunteer and paid translators. Notes from meetings I attended were also based on translations on-site, real-time, from which, at times, I was able to compare to published minutes (google-translated) or later to verbal communications, also on site. Given this, true meanings may have been lost or misinterpreted in the process. Further, opinions and reflections are my own (based on fieldnotes, interviews, and personal communications), unless referenced or noted otherwise. 2 Table of Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer........................................................................................2 Chapter 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................5 1.1 Topic and Research Question....................................................................................6 1.2 Background and Basis, Voices in the Wilderness.............................................7 1.2.1 Financial Disobedience.................................................................................7 1.2.2 The Cooperativa Integral Catalana (CIC) ..............................................9 1.2.3 Degrowth – An Emerging Imaginary? ....................................................10 1.3 A Roadmap ........................................................................................................................12 1.4 Aim of Study......................................................................................................................13 Chapter 2. Framework of Study................................................................................................14 2.1 Degrowth as a Response to the Crises...................................................................14 2.2 Describing a Degrowth Vision ..................................................................................21 2.2.1 Strategies of Degrowth .................................................................................22 2.2.2 Solidarity Economy ........................................................................................26 2.2.3 Social Enterprises and Cooperatives ......................................................28 2.2.4 (Re)localization................................................................................................29 2.2.5 Autonomy and Democracy..........................................................................31 2.2.6 Voluntary Simplicity ......................................................................................34 2.2.7 Alternative Currencies..................................................................................37 2.3 Summary of a Degrowth Vision................................................................................44 2.4 Relation to Human Ecology........................................................................................45 Chapter 3. Methodology ..............................................................................................................46 3.1 Theoretical Considerations........................................................................................47 3.2 Method Instruments .....................................................................................................48 Chapter 4. Findings and Discussion ........................................................................................51 4.1 Comparing Strategies in Action and Values........................................................51 4.1.1 Opposition, Confronting the Hegemonic Imaginary ........................51 4.1.2 Reformism..........................................................................................................55 4.1.3 Shifting of Values.............................................................................................56 3 4.1.4 Interpretations of Degrowth within CIC ...............................................63 4.1.5 Alternatives Building.....................................................................................65 4.2 CIC Political Economic Organization......................................................................66 4.2.1 Organizational Structure..............................................................................66 4.2.2 Internal Organization ....................................................................................69 4.2.3 Decision-making Models..............................................................................71 4.3 Economic Models & Mechanisms, Tools of Conviviality................................73 4.4 Tensions and Challenges in the Search for Autonomy...................................77 Chapter 5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................83 Appendices ......................................................................................................................................84 Appendix 1: CIC General Principles and Aims.....................................................................................84 Appendix 2: CIC Membership Types .......................................................................................................86 Appendix 3: Describing the term, Imaginary.......................................................................................87 Appendix 4: Sources of Degrowth ............................................................................................................87 Appendix 5: Description and Impressions from Calafou................................................................98 Appendix 6: Indignados/15M Statement..............................................................................................105 Appendix 7: CIC Conceptual Map Translation.....................................................................................105 Appendix 8: Decision Support System (DSS) from Field Notes...................................................106 Appendix 9: Excerpts of Communications with Vado (CIC Currency Manager)
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