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Acetylcholine, ACTH, 394 Acetylcholine, Retina, 527

Acetylcholine, ACTH, 394 Acetylcholine, Retina, 527

Index

Acetylcholine, ACTH, 394 Adrenal (cont.) , retina, 527 receptors (cont.) Acetylcholinesterase, gonadal steroids, 43 mineralocorticoids, cellular localization, ACTH 54 ACh,394 nuclear uptake in' slices, 58 aging, 391 ontogeny, 67 catecholamines, 393 regulation, 64 conditioned avoidance behavior, 378 -receptor complex, translocation, cyclic AMP, 394 52 excessive grooming, 381 transformation to DNA binding state, 51 GABA,394 Adrenocortical learning impairment, 359 function, 48 phosphorylation, 399 uptake by cells, 49 membrane fluidity, 401 see also: Adrenal steroids phosphoprotein B-50, 398 Aging, ACTH, 391 B-50 kinase, 398 Aging, adrenal steroid receptors, 67 protein phosphorylation, 395 systems, interaction with serotonin (5-HT), 394 peptidergic systems, 264 sexual behavior, 388 Amino acids social behavior, 389 intraocular fluids, 486 synaptic plasma membrane, 397, 401 , retina, 530 Adenylate cyclase, retina, 533 plasma composition Adrenal cortex brain precursor concentration, 309 adrenocortical hormones, 47 hormonal influences, 313 adrenal steroids: see Adrenal steroids sequence, ~-, 138 Adrenal steroids neurochemistry, 450 biotransformation, 51 see also: individual amino acids control of behavior, 78 Analgesia, cystokinin, 121 , effect on, 74 interaction with nerve cell, 53 central action, 231 morphology, 74 distribution, 230 neuroendocrinology, 76 peripheral action, 231 , effects on, 73 Antibodies, behavior, 349 neurotransmitters, 69 Ascorbic acid, intraocular fluids, 484 , effects on, 73 Astrocytes, cultures: see Cell cultures, receptors astrocytes activation, 51 Axolemma, NSG-axolemma fusion, 298 aging, 67 Axonal transport, 297 binding, 59 gonadal steroids, 40 corticosterone, cellular localization, 54 retina, 539 dexamethasone, cellular localization, 54 ventromedial nucleus, 40 heterogeneity, 60 Axons, branching, 283

663 664 Index

Behavior Calmodulin (cont.) antibodies, 349 postsynaptic densities, phosphorylation, 208 conditioned avoidance, 378 protein phosphorylation, 207 drugs, 352 receptor regulation, 210 gonadal steroids, 29 metabolism, 202 kindling, 348 tubulin phosphorylation, 208 imprinting, 348 metabolism, 205 microtubule binding agents, 349 Carbohydrates molluscan preparations, 346 metabolism, 508 neuropharmacological approaches, 352 retinal degeneration, 543 non-invasive studies, 351 retinal composition, 505 , 350 Cardiovascular effects, TRH, 187 protein phosphorylation, 350 Catecholamines, ACTH, 393 protein synthesis, 350 Catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine availability, sexual, ACTH, 388 316 social, ACTH, 389 Cell cultures steroid control, 78 astrocytes, 605 Bicarbonate, intraocular fluids, 475 lines, 613 Blood-ocular barrier systems, transport markers, 609 functions, 474 monotypic, 596 cell identification, 602 central effects, 227 cell separation, 602 distribution, 226 cytotoxicity, 664 effects on GI tract, 227 media, 604 endocrine effects, 227 primary cultures, 598 peripheral effects, 227 neurons, 616 Brain lesion, learning impairment, 359 cell lines, 625 Brain slices cerebellar interneurons, 620 electrical response, 331 cortical, 618 , 333 -glial cocultures, 616 CAl region, 334 markers, 620 CA3 region, 336 monotypic cultures, 616 dentate gyrus, 334 oligodendrocytes, 626 histological examination, 331 cell survival, 634 lateral geniculate, 337 density gradient centrifugation, 627 neocortex, 332 enzymes, 640 synthesis, 330 immunoaffinity, 630 optic tract, 337 lipid synthesis, 638 piriform lobe markers, 635 lateral olfactory tract, 332 monotypic culture, 626 olfactory cortex, 332 morphology, 637 superior colliculus, 337 myelin proteins, 642 superfusion, 329 Cells identification, 605 Calcium neuroendocrine, neurosecretion: see conductance, 286 Neurosecretion dependence, 286, 298 photoreceptor, retina, 504 intraocular fluids, 478 separation, 602 Calmodulin see also: Cell cultures receptor regulation Cerebrum, neurons, cultures, 620 desensitized, 211 Chloride, intraocular fluids, 475 supersensitive, 211 membrane proteins, phosphorylation, 206 analgesia, 121 drug effects, 209 CNS depression, 122 myelin phosphorylation, 209 converting enzymes, 118 neuronal function, 201 distribution in CNS, 116 Index 665

Cholecystokinin (cont.) Egg-laying , neurosecretion, 291, 300 hormone release, 123 Electrophysiology, , 96 hyperglycemia, 121 Endocrine effects, TRH, 185 hypothermia, 121 Energy metabolism, sleep neurochemistry, monoamines, 127 442 neurons, 120 Enzymes receptors, 119 intraocular fluids, 489 rotational syndrome, 122 myelin, oligodendrocyte culture, 640 satiety, 124 steroid effects, 74 Choline, cholinergic systems and peptidergic systems, 263 deficiency, retina, 540 Clones, eDNA, nucleotide sequencing for 13- Fatty acid metabolism, retina, 513 lipotropin precursor, 147 Funicular pathways, pain transmission, 423 Colchicine, gonadal steroids, 40 Compartments, intraocular fluids, 470 GABA, retina, 529 Cortex, neuronal cultures, 618 Ganglioside metabolism. retina, 520 Cortex, pain transmission, 429 Corticosterone, cellular localization, 54 central effects, 225 Corticosterone, nuclear localization, 58 endocrine effects, 226 Cultures G.1. tract effects, 225 cells: see Cell cultures peripheral effects, 225 monotypic: see Cell cultures, monotypic Gastrointestinal effects, TRH, 187 primary: see Cell cultures, primary Gastrointestinal polypeptides, 217 Cyclic nucleotide metabolism see also: individual polypeptides adenylate and guanylate cyclases, 533 Genomic mechanisms, gonadal steroids, 32 retinal degeneration, 546 , intraocular fluids, 481 phosphodiesterase, 535 Glycerol metabolism, drug effects, 518 Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, learning Glycerolipids, metabolism, retina, 513 impairment, 366 Glycolysis, retina, 508 Cytotoxicity, cell cultures, 664 Glycopeptides, precursors, 291 Golgi, neurosecretion, 285 Degeneration, retinal, 543 Gonadal steroids Dentate gyrus, brain slices, 334 acetylcholinesterase, 43 Depression, CNS, cholecystokinin, 122 activational effects, 30 Dexamethasone, cellular localization, 54 antisomycin, 32 Diabetic retinopathy, 543 axonal transport, 40 Diencephalon, pain transmission, 428 colchicine, 40 Differentiation, neurons, hormones, 8 genomic mechanisms, 32 DNA hypothalamic nuclei, 35 binding, steroid receptors, 51 memory formation, 34, 43 cloned eDNA sequencing, j3-lipotropin neural expression, 32, 41 precursor, 147 organizational actions, 40 learning impairment, 361, 365 proteins Dolichols, retina, 522 identification, 35 Dopamine induction, 35 dopaminergic systems and peptidergic steroid modification, 35 systems, 260 synthesis, 32 neurotensin interaction, 105 receptors receptors, calmodulin, 211 , 35, 41 retina, 530 5-HT,40 Dorsal horn systems, pain transmission, 419 muscarinic cholinergic, 38 Drugs progestin, 41 behavior, 352 , 30 calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation, translocation to nucleus, 42 membrane proteins, 209 RNA synthesis, 32 glycerol metabolism, retina, 518 sexual behavior, 29 666 Index

Gonadal steroids (cont.) Intraocular fluids (cont.) synaptic properties of cells, 40, 43 retina target cells, 34 homeostasis of microenvironment, 491 , 30 physiological solutions for research, 492 ventromedial nucleus, 35 transport, function of blood-ocular barrier, Grooming, excessive, ACTH, 381 474 Guanylate cyclase, retina, 508 Ischemia, retina, 542

Kinases, B-50 protein, ACTH, 398 Hormones Kindling, behavior, 348 adrenocortical: see Adrenocortical hormones plasma amino acid pattern, 313 Lactic acid, intraocular fluids, 481 release, cholecystokinin, 123 Lateral geniculate, slices, 337 thyrotropin-releasing: see Thyrotropin- Lateral olfactory tract, slices, 332 releasing hormone Learning impairment Hyperglycemia, cholecystokinin, 121 ACTH,359 brain lesion, 359 nuclei, gonadal steroids, 35 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, 366 peptidergic systems, 249 DNA content of brain, 365 peptides, 249 DNA synthesis inhibition, 361 , 253 imprinting, 358, 361 hypophysiotropic hormones, 251 memory substances, 359 , 250 monoamines, 366 pro-opiocortin-related, 252 protein synthesis, 357 , 250 inhibition, 359 Hypothermia, cholecystokinin, 121 RNA synthesis, 357 inhibition, 359 Light, effect on retina, 538 Immunoaffinity, oligodendrocyte isolation, 630 Imprinting, behavior, 349 peroxides, retinal degeneration, 545 learning impairment, 358, 361 phosphorylation, ACTH, 399 retina, 508 binding in CNS, 235 synthesis, oligodendrocyte cultures, 638 distribution, 235 13-Lipotropin receptors in brain, 235 amino acid sequence, 138 Intraocular fluids, 469 biosynthesis, 145 blood-ocular barrier systems, transport conformation, 142 function, 474 intermediates, 147 compartments, 470 peripheral occurrence, 151 composition pituitary, 145, 151 amino acids, 486 precursor processing, proteinases, 150 ascorbic acid, 484 properties, 142 bicarbonate, 475 sequencing, cloned cDNA and calcium, 478 intermediates, 147 chloride, 475 structure, 138 enzymes, 489 glucose, 481 Magnesium, intraocular fluids, 478 lactic acid, 481 Media, monotypic cell cultures, 604 magnesium, 478 Medulla, pain transmission, 426 osmolality, 488 Membrane proteins, calmodulin stimulation of phosphate, 481 phosphorylation, 206 potassium, 478 drug effects, 209 proteins, 489 Membranes sodium, 475 fluidity, ACTH, 401 concentration gradients, 473 neurosecretion, electrophysiology, 286 Index 667

Membranes (cont.) Neurosecretion NSG-axolemma fusion, 298 axonal transport, 297 recycling, 285 Ca2 + dependence, 286, 298 see also: Neurosecretion egg-laying hormone, 291, 300 Memory, 343 electrophysiology, 286 formation, gonadal steroids, 34, 43 action potentials, 286 learning impairment, 359 Ca2 + conductance, 286 see also: Behavior K + channels, 287 Mesencephalon, pain transmission, 427 membranes, 287 Metabolism granules, neurosecretory (NSG), 283, 298 energy, sleep neurochemistry, 442 membranes intermediary, sleep neurochemistry, 442 NSG-axolemma fusion, 298 neurotensin, 95 recycling, 285 TRH,175 morphology, 283 Microtubules, binding agents, behavior, 349 Aplysia, 284 Modulation, TRH, 175 axonal branching, 283 Modulatory systems, pain transmission, 432 bag cells, 284 Molluscan preparation, behavior, 346 Golgi,285 Monoamines neuroendocrine cells, 283 cholecystokinin, 127 neurohypophyseal neurons, 284 learning impairment, 366 neurosecretory granules (NSG), 284 synthesis control peptidergic neurons, 283 precursor availability, 309 perikaryal regions, 285 tryptophan availability and serotonin RNA,285 synthesis, 315 synaptic role of peptides, 283 tryosine availability and catecholamine transmitter-secretory cells, 285 synthesis, 316 transmitter synthesis, 285 vesicles, 285 action in CNS, 227 protein synthesis, 285 distribution, 226 RNA, 285, 288, 300 effect on electrical activity of brain, 227 synthesis of neuroscecretory products, 288 GI tract effects, 227 Aplysia, 288 effects, 227 enzymatic cleavage (converting enzymes), peripheral effects, 227 294 Motor activity, neurotensin effect, 98 glycopeptide precursors, 291 Muscle tone, neurotensin effect, 98 neurophysin, 289 Myelin, phosphorylation, calmodulin, 209 oxytocin, 289 Myelin proteins, oligodendrocyte cultures, 642 precursors, 288 Myelination, , 12 pre-prohormones, 288 Neocortex, slices, 332 proinsulin, 288 Nerve cells, steroid interaction, 53 ribosomes, 288 Neuroendocrinology, steroid control, 76 RNA,288 Neurons vasopressin, 289 calmodulin regulation of function, 201 transmitters, 285 cholecystokinin, 120 Neurosecretory granules (NSG) cultures: see Cell cultures, neurons -axolemma fusion, 298 gelatinosa neurons, pain transmission, 420 neurosecretion: see Neurosecretion lamina V neurons, pain transmission, 421 Neurotensin neurosecretion: see Neurosecretion distribution, 93 Neuropeptides, retina, 531 dopamine interaction, 105 Neuropeptides, steroid effects, 73 electrophysiological studies, 96 Neurophysin, neurosecretion, 289 metabolism in CNS, 95 Neuropils, development, thyroid hormones, motor activity, 98 10 muscular tone, 98 Neurons, differentiation, thyroid hormones, 8 neurotransmitters, 104 668 Index

Neurotransmitters Peptidergic systems (cont,) brain slices, 330 interactions with other systems (cont,) development, thyroid hormones, 12 non-monoaminergic, 263 monoamines, synthesis control, 309 noradrenergic systems, 262 neurotensin: see Neurotensin peptide-peptide, 264 retina, 524, 588 serotonergic, 263 steroid effects, 69 tuberofundibular, 260 Nigrostriatal system, interaction with localization, 247 peptidergic systems, 261 , 253 Noradrenergic systems, interaction with hypophysiotropic hormones, 251 peptidergic systems, 262 hypothalamic origin, 249 Nuclei, uptake of steroids, slices, 58 oxytocin, 250 Nucleic acids peripheral nerve, 257 retinal composition, 506 pituitary origin, 249 retinal degeneration, 544 pro-opiocortin-related peptides, 252 sleep neurochemistry, 456 spinal cord, 257 Nutrition, retina, 540 vasopressin, 250 neuroregulation, 258 Olfactory cortex, slices, 332 receptors, 266 Oligodendrocytes, cultures: see Cell cultures, RNA oligodendrocytes content, 271 Ontogeny, adrenal steroid receptors, 67 labeling, 271 Optic tract, slices, 337 protein synthesis, 272 Osmolality, intraocular fluids, 488 second messengers, 266 Oxytocin, neurosecretion, 289 trophic functions, 270 Peptides Pain transmission behavior, 350 cortex, 429 hypothalamic: see Hypothalamus, peptides diencephalon, 428 as neuroregulators, 258 dorsal horn systems, 419 neurosecretion: see Neurosecretion dorsofunicular pathways, 424 peptidergic systems: see Peptidergic funicular pathways, 423 systems gelatinosa neurons, 420 -peptide interaction, 264 intersegmental links, 424 peripheral nerve, 257 "lamina V" neurons, 421 pituitary, 247 marginal cells, 420 spinal cord, 257 medulla, 426 trophic functions, 270 mesencephalon, 427 Peripheral nerve, peptidergic systems, 257 modlllatory systems, 432 Phosphate, intraocular fluids, 481 spinal cord, 432 Phosphodiesterase, retina, 535 primary afferents, 414 Phosphoprotein B-50, ACTH, 398 rostral projection system, 430 Phosphorylation, membrane proteins, supraspinal systems, 425 calmodulin stimulation, 206 Photoreceptor cells, retina, 504 CNS effects, 234 Piriform lobe, slices, 332 distribution, 232 Pituitary GI tract etIects, 234 hypophysiotropic hormones in peripheral effects, 234 hypothalamus, 251 respiration effects, 234 ~-lipotropin biosynthesis, 145 Peptidergic systems, 243 ~-lipotropin occurrence, 151 interactions with other systems, 260 peptidergic systems, 247 aminergic,260 peptides, 247 amino acid, 264 regulation, 161 cholinergic, 263 Polypeptides, gastrointestinal, 217 dopaminergic, 260 Postsynaptic densities, phosphorylation, nigrostriatal, 261 calmodulin stimulation, 208 Index 669

Potassium, intraocular fluids, 478 Retina (cont.) Potassium channels, 287 carbohydrates Prohormones, neurosecretion: see composition and metabolism, 508 Neurosecretion glycolysis, 508 Proinsulin, neurosecretion, 288 respiration, 508 Prolactin retinal degeneration, 543 degradation, 164 chromophores, 579 pituitary regulation, 161 cyclic neucleotides -producing cells, 162 adenylate and guanylate cyclases, 533 regulation, 161 phosphodiesterase, 535 production, 164 retinal degeneration, 546 release, 164 degeneration, 543 release, 164 diabetic retinopathy, 543 secretion homeostasis of microenvironment man, 165 avian, 491 , 166 mammalian, 491 regulation, 167 ischemia, 542 storage, 163 light effect, 538 synthesis, 159, 163 lipids , retina, 521 composition and metabolism, 508 Proteinases, l3-lipotropin precursor dolichols, 522 processing, 150 gangliosides, 520 glycerol, drug effects on, 518 Proteins glycerolipids and fatty acids, 513 gonadal steroids: see Gonadal steroids, prostaglandins, 521 proteins retinal degeneration, 545 intraocular fluids, 489 sterols, 519 metabolism, retinal degeneration, 506 neurotransmitters, 524, 588 phosphorylation acetylcholine, 527 ACTH,395 amino acids, 530 behavior, 350 dopamine, 530 calmodulin stimulation, 207 GABA,529 retinal composition, 5.06 neuropeptides, 531 steroid effects, 73 serotonin, 531 synthesis nucleic acids behavior, 350 composition, 506 learning impairment, 357 retinal degeneration, 544 thyroid hormones, 19 nutritional deficiencies Pyrogiutamate aminopeptidase, TRH essential fatty acids, 540 metabolism, 181 taurine, 542 vitamin A, 540 Receptors vitamin E, 540 adrenal steroids, 54 zinc, 542 calmodulin regulation, 210 photoreceptors dopamine,211 assembly, 571 cholecystokinin, 119 breakdown, 571 gonadal steroids: see Gonadal steroids, cells, 504 receptors disk membranes, 574 peptidergic systems, 266 physiological solutions for research, 492 thyroid hormones, 17 physiology, 569 Regeneration, retina, 547 proteins Respiration, carbohydrates, retina, 508 composition and metabolism, 506 Respiratory effects, TRH, 188 retinal degeneration, 544 Retina regeneration, 547 anatomy, 569 rhodopsin, 576 axoplasmic transpoJ, 539 visual cell renewal, 537 670 Index

Rhodopsin: see Retina, photoreceptors Thyroid hormones Ribonucleic acid (RNA) -binding proteins, 17 neurosecretion: see Neurosecretion cell acquisition, 9 synthesis cell division, 9 gonadal steroids, 32 cell migration, 10 learning impairment, 357 development of the neuropil, 10 mechanism of action, 14 Second messengers, peptidergic systems, 266 metabolism, 14 myelination, 12 distribution, 220 neuronal differentiation, 8 effect on , 220 protein synthesis, 19 immunoreactivity, 220 receptors, 17 transmitter modulation, 220 secretion, 4 Sequencing synaptogenesis, 12 biosynthetic intermediates of ~-lipotropin, synthesis, 3 147 thyroxine conversion to , 16 cloned cDNA for ~-lipoprotein precursor, transmitter development, 12 147 transport, 15 Serotonergic systems, interaction with uptake, 14 peptidergic systems, 263 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Serotonin behavioral effects, 184 ACTH,394 cardiovascular effects, 187 retina, 531 distribution, 175 synthesis, tryptophan availability, 315 brain, 188 Sleep spinal cord, 188 amino acids, 450 endocrine effects, 185 deprivation, 442, 453, 456 gastrointestinal effects, 187 energy metabolism, 442 metabolism, 175 intermediary metabolism, 442 modulation, 175 nucleic acids, 456 pyroglutamate aminopeptidase, 181 proteins, 450 receptor, 191 sleep-inducing factors, 459 respiratory effects, 188 Sodium, intraocular fluids, 475 synaptosomal localization, 190 Spinal cord TRH-amidase, 181 pain transmission, 432 uptake and release, 190 modulatory systems, 432 Transmitters: see Neurotransmitters peptides, 257 Transport thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 188 axonal: see Axonal transport Steroids, adrenal: see Adrenal steroids blood-ocular barrier, 474 Sterols, biosynthesis, retina, 519 thyroid hormones, 15 Superfusion, brain slices, 329 Trophic functions, peptidergic systems, 270 Superior colliculus, brain slices, 337 Tryptophan Supraspinal systems, pain transmission, 425 availability, and monoamine synthesis, 315 Synapses serotonin synthesis, 315 gonadal steroids, 40, 43 metabolism, calmodulin, 202 plasma membrane, ACTH, 397, 401 sources, 309 synaptogenesis, thyroid hormones, 12 uptake by brain, 312 Synthesis, monoamines, precursor Tyrosine availability, 309 availability, and monoamine synthesis, 316 Synthesis, prolactin, 159, 163 catecholamine synthesis, 316 calmodulin, 205 Taurine, deficiency, retina, 542 source, 309 Target cells, gonadal steroids, 34 uptake by brain, 312 Temperature, body, neurotensin effect, 97 Tubero-infundibular system, interaction with Testosterone, gonadal steroids, 30 peptidergic systems, 260 Index 671

Tubulin phosphorylation, calmodulin Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (cont.) stimulation, 208 endocrine effects, 222 GI tract effects, 221 neurotransmitter, 221 Uptake peripheral action, 221 cellular, adrenocortical hormones, 49 receptor binding, 222 TRH,I90 salivary action, 221 tryptophan monoamine precursor urogenital effects, 222 availability, 312 Vasopressin, neurosecretion, 289 tyrosine monoamine precursor availability, Vesicles, neurosecretion; see Neurosecretion 312 Vision: see Retina Visual cells, renewal, retina, 537 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) Vitamin A deficiency, retina, 540 cAMP effects, 222 Vitamin E deficiency, retina, 540 central effects, 222 distribution, 221 Zinc deficiency, retina, 542

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