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Choosing the Right Method for Wrapping Pallets

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Choosing the Right Method for Wrapping Pallets C o p y r i g h t , C S C P u b l i s h i n g , P o w Choosing the right method for wrapping pallets d e r a n d B u l k Uffe S. Kristiansen Lachenmeier A/S E n g i n e he most common mistake in e Selecting the best method for secur- ple costo de la maquinaria y el r i choosing a method for wrapping n ing loaded pallets depends on sev- material de empaque. Este artículo g pallets is to focus on only two I eral factors, not just the cost of the enumera los factores y examina n T t factors: the cost of packaging material e machinery and the packaging tres opciones para empacar pale- r and the cost of the machine. These are n material. This article lists these fac- a tas: envoltura por elástico, en- t i important factors, of course, but they o tors and examines three pallet- voltura con elástico termosensible y n show you only half the picture. a wrapping options: conventional estirado de forro. l stretch-wrapping, thermal shrink- wrapping, and hood-stretching. Other important factors to consider are labor requirements, storage, energy Choisir la bonne méthode pour cost, capacity, customer acceptance, and l’enveloppage des palettes after-sale service. Le choix de la meilleure méth- ode pour la consolidation de Labor requirements. If you choose a chargements de palette tient less-expensive semi-automatic machine compte de plusieurs facteurs, instead of a fully automatic one, will the pas seulement du coût de la ma- savings be consumed by the extra labor chinerie ou du matériel d’em- needed to operate the machine? ballage. Cet article énumère ces facteurs et examine trois options Storage. Will you store the pallet loads d’enveloppage de palette : ban- outside? For how long? How durable is derolage conventionnel, embal- your pallet wrap and how well can it lage sous film rétractable et protect your product from moisture and l’utilisation d’un couvercle coif- ultraviolet (UV) radiation? By choosing fant extensible. a pallet wrap that eliminates the need for protective tarps, you may free up inside storage space for other uses. Another Auswahl der richtigen Methode advantage of outside storage: Your pal- zum Verpacken von Paletten lets don’t need to be shipped from the Die Auswahl der besten Methode loading dock. Instead, you can load at an zum Sichern von beladenen Palet- outside storage facility and thus save ten ist von mehreren Faktoren ab- time and money. (Covering loaded pal- hängig, nicht allein von den Kosten lets with tarps during storage and again der Maschinen und dem Verpack- during transport can be quite costly.) ungsmaterial. Diese Faktoren wer- den in diesem Artikel aufgezählt, Energy cost. One pallet-wrapping und es werden drei Optionen für method, called thermal shrink-wrap- Escogiendo el método correcto die Verpackung von Paletten ver- ping, requires heat from natural gas, para envolver paletas glichen: konventionelle Spann- propane, or electricity. Be sure to factor in the on-going cost of this energy, as Seleccionar el mejor método para Verpackung, Schrumpffolien- well as the one-time cost of installing a asegurar paletas cargadas depende Verpackung und Folienhauben- gas hook-up, if necessary. The other pal- de varios factores más allá del sim- Stretching. let-wrapping methods discussed in this C o p y r i article, stretch-wrapping and hood- that equipment vendors be ready to pro- The turntable type is the least expensive g h t stretching, do not use heat. vide instant technical assistance. Some machine. It places the pallet on a spin- , C vendors offer an around-the-clock ning table (turntable), and as the table S help-line, as well as a modem hook-up spins, a worker or a film-dispensing de- C Capacity. Can the pallet-wrapping ma- P for communicating electronically with vice covers the pallet load with stretch- u chine that you choose keep up with pro- b l the vendor. film. With the swing-arm and the i duction? Does the machine have s satellite types, a film dispenser spins h i reserve capacity that can handle a pro- n around a stationary pallet. You can pro- g With these factors in mind, let’s look at , duction increase? gram them to wrap the pallet loads in P three methods of wrapping pallet loads. o different patterns. Stretch-wrapping w The methods discussed are stretch- d Customer acceptance. In today’s cus- machines may include a pre-stretch de- e wrapping, thermal shrink-wrapping, and r tomer-driven market, it is very impor- vice and a top-sheet dispenser. a hood-stretching. Table I summarizes n tant to investigate how the customer will d many of the factors for comparison. B react to a different kind of pallet wrap A pallet wrapped by conventional u l before you select it. Some home-im- k Stretch-wrapping stretch-wrapping is generally stable, but E provement centers, for example, prefer n not as stable as pallet loads secured by g hood-stretching. It not only stabilizes i Conventional stretch-wrapping ma- shrink-wrapping or hood-stretching. n e and protects the pallet load, it gives the chines use the natural tension of plastic e This is because the stretch wrap pro- r i product a high-value image. stretch-film to keep pallet loads to- n vides only a small amount of vertical g I gether. They come in different types and holding force. Essentially, the wrap con- n t After-sale service. Every plant man- with different levels of automation. The sists of multiple narrow, horizontal e r n ager knows that downtime is costly and three main stretch-wrapping machines strips of film, one overlapping the other. a t i leads to dissatisfied customers. It is are the turntable type, the swing-arm The wrap does not form a complete film o n therefore imperative, in today’s market, type, and the satellite type. bag over the pallet load. a l Table 1 Comparison of pellet-wrapping methodsa Factor Stretch-wrapping Shrink-wrapping Hood-stretching Capacity Up to 120 pallet loads per hour, depending on Up to ≈ 350 pallet loads per hour in two-station ma- Up to 180 pallet loads per hour, depending on load dimensions and wrapping pattern. chine. Up to ≈ 120 pallets per hour in combined-sta- load dimensions. tion machine. Energy cost Low. (No heat required.) High. (Heat required.) Low. (No heat required.) € Film price Stretch-film ≈€1.50 per kilogram. ≈ 1.30 per kilogram. ≈€1.60 per kilogram. Top-sheet film ≈€1.30 per kilogram. € Film cost per load based on pallet load of 1,200 by ≈ €.60 based on 100-micron-thick cover and ≈ .60 at a film thickness of 60 microns. ≈€.52 based on a film thickness of 60 microns. € 1,000 by 1,100 millimeters three bottom layers, two general layers, and ≈ .96 at a film thickness of 95 microns. ≈€.80 based on a film thickness of 95 microns. three top layers of stretch film. Pre-stretch is 150%. Pallets per film roll based on pallet load of 1,200 ≈80 to 150 pallets. 700+ pallets based on a film thickness of 700+ pallets based on a film thickness of by 1,000 by 1,100 millimeters 95 microns. 95 microns. Transport stability Adequate for light, stable loads. Good for all non-settling loads. Very good for heavy, unstable loads, especially bagged products. Load protection Stretch-wrapped loads are not suited for outdoor Excellent protection against dust and moisture. Well Excellent protection against dust and moisture. storage without tarps. Not 100% moisture suited for outside storage and truck transport without Well suited for outside storage and truck proof. Film attracts dust. using tarps. transport without using tarps. Printing on film Not possible. Possible. Possible. Film transparency Not very transparent due to overlapping and a Very transparent. Very transparent. cling additive. Suitable for heat-sensitive goods? Yes. Yes, but not recommended for flammable goods. Yes. UV stability Poor. Very good. Very good. Note:aThe cost calculations in this table are based on price information available to the author as of August 2002. Use the cost calculations as a guideline only. The author assumes no responsibility for their correctness. Copyright, CSC Publishing, Powder and Bulk Engineering International b. Sealing devices close the opening of the tubular film to form a hood. h. The operation repeats. f. The machine raises the pallet and releases the hood. d. Stretching units enlarge the hood to fit over the pallet load. Figure 1 Hood stretching operation a. A sensor detects the incoming pallet load. g. The stretching units return to position to handle the next pallet. e. The machine places the hood over the pallet load. c. Rollers gather enough film to cover the pallet load. C o p y r i For this reason, it is virtually impossible with mixed pallet loads. Shrink-wrap- g Figure 2 h t to make the stretch wrap watertight. As ping these types of loads works well be- , C discussed earlier, this is a great draw- cause the heat forces the film to conform Pallet load of bagged products after S back if the pallets are to be stored out- tightly to the contours of the load and C hood-stretching P side. The pallets will need tarps to gives a very snug fit. u b protect them from the elements during l i s storage and truck transport. h The two main drawbacks to thermal i n shrink-wrapping are the need for heat g , and the high cost per pallet.
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