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BRITE DIVINITY SCHOOL THE SPIRITUAL NARRATIVES OF ADOPTIVE PARENTS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH STORIES AND PASTORAL THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS by Ryan Noel Fraser Bachelor of Arts, 1989 Freed-Hardeman University Henderson, TN Master of Ministry, 1991 Freed-Hardeman University Henderson, TN Master of Divinity, 2002 Abilene Christian University Abilene, TX DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of Brite Divinity School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pastoral Theology and Pastoral Counseling Fort Worth, Texas December, 2010 BRITE DIVINITY SCHOOL THE SPIRITUAL NARRATIVES OF ADOPTIVE PARENTS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH STORIES AND PASTORAL THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Nancy J. Gorsuch Dissertation Director Christie Cozad Neuger Reader Nancy J. Ramsay Reader Jeffrey Williams Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Nancy J. 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Dedicated to the Memory of Andy Lester (1939-2010) Beloved professor, mentor, encourager TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Synopsis of Chapters............................................................................................ 4 Limitations of the Study....................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ............ 9 Statement of the Problem and Definition of Terms ............................................. 9 Literature Review................................................................................................. 16 Pastoral Theological Methodology ...................................................................... 46 Research Interview Procedures and Precautions ................................................. 53 Social Location .................................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER TWO: CHRISTIAN TRADITION AND CANONICAL NARRATIVE THEOLOGY ...................................................... 64 Religious Sources................................................................................................. 64 The Use of Scripture ............................................................................................ 68 Sociocultural Context of Scriptures Related to Adoption.................................... 70 Adoption in Scripture ........................................................................................... 80 Overview of Canonical Narrative Theology ........................................................ 85 The Narrative Theology of Stanley Hauerwas ..................................................... 88 The Use of Canonical Narrative Theology in This Study .................................... 92 v CHAPTER THREE: SOCIAL SCIENCE SCAFFOLDS......................................... 98 Sociocultural Context of Adoptive Parents‘ Experiences ....................................102 Psychological Sources Informing Adoptive Parents‘ Experiences ......................113 Narrative Psychology ...........................................................................................125 Grounded Theory as Qualitative Research Method .............................................129 Implications and/or Contradictions in Theories ...................................................133 CHAPTER FOUR: ADOPTIVE PARENTS‘ EXPERIENCES AND INTERPRETATIONS .............................................................145 Understanding and Interpreting Spiritual Narratives ...........................................146 Thematic Analysis of Narrative Case Material ....................................................154 Systemic Evil that Militates Against Adoption .............................................159 Divine Initiative and God‘s Love ..................................................................167 Spiritual Challenges of Adoptive Couples .....................................................188 Faithful Human Response ..............................................................................193 Concluding Remarks on Adoptive Parents‘ Experiences ....................................197 Methodological Reflections .................................................................................201 CHAPTER FIVE: PASTORAL THEOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS ...........204 New Constructions from Interpretation of Theology and Experience .................205 Implications for Pastoral Theology ......................................................................216 Implications for Pastoral Care, Counseling, and Practice of Ministry ................226 Issues for Future Research ...................................................................................234 Postscript: Beyond Narrative ..............................................................................236 vi BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................237 APPENDIXES ...........................................................................................................264 APPENDIX A LETTER OF APPROVAL FROM AGAPE CHILD & FAMILY SERVICES, INC. .....................................................264 APPENDIX B LETTER OF APPROVAL FROM FREED-HARDEMAN UNIVERSITY ..........................................................................265 APPENDIX C NONDISCLOSURE/CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT FROM TRANSCRIPTION SERVICE ....................................266 APPENDIX D STATEMENT CONCERNING USE OF TRANSCRIPTION SERVICE .................................................................................268 APPENDIX E INITIAL REQUEST LETTER ...............................................269 APPENDIX F INFORMED CONSENT .........................................................270 APPENDIX G HIPAA RELEASE FORM ......................................................274 APPENDIX H WRITTEN SURVEY OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS .....276 APPENDIX I INTERVIEW GUIDE .............................................................281 APPENDIX J CONTACT INFORMATION SHEET ...................................283 APPENDIX K DATA FORMATTING ..........................................................284 APPENDIX L FIELD NOTES/MEMOS ........................................................285 APPENDIX M DEMOGRAPHICS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS ........286 APPENDIX N VITA .......................................................................................289 vii THE SPIRITUAL NARRATIVES OF ADOPTIVE PARENTS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH STORIES AND PASTORAL THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Ryan Noel Fraser, Ph.D. cand. Brite Divinity School Dissertation Advisor: Nancy J. Gorsuch In this dissertation, I present the research findings of my interviews conducted with twenty Christian adoptive couples. I explore the narratives of their adoptive parenting experiences, primarily focusing on the ways that adopting children affects the parents‘ spirituality and theological understandings. Furthermore, I investigate adoptive parenthood as a spiritually challenging and formative experience. In this study, the broader descriptive notion of ―narrative‖ is utilized as a hermeneutical approach that crosses disciplines. The primary lenses through which I view the adoption stories include canonical narrative theology and adoption literature from the social sciences in addition to narrative psychology. I delineate and discuss four central categories that emerge from the raw narrative data by means of grounded theory, including the following: (1) systemic evil that militates against adoption, (2) divine initiative and love, (3) spiritual struggles, and (4) faithful human response. Finally, I suggest pastoral theological reconstructions of adoptive parenthood as well as implications for pastoral theology, pastoral care and counseling, and the practice of ministry. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project of this magnitude would not have been possible without much help from several key individuals. First of all, my wife Missy and my three precious children, R.C., Olivia, and Austin, have made the biggest sacrifice of time over the past eight years during my doctoral studies. They have each given understanding, emotional support, and prayers on my behalf for which I am very grateful. I love each of you more than life itself. You are a blessing to me from above. Next, there are those persons who have faithfully served on my dissertation committee