OKLAHOMA CITY UNIVERSITY
Student Publications Manual OKLAHOMA CITY UNIVERSITY Student Publications Manual
Oklahoma City University Department of Mass Communications Student Publications 2501 N. Blackwelder Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73106 Phone: 405-208-6068 • Fax: 405-208-6069 E-mail: [email protected] Web address: ocustupub.com Forward
Work on the Oklahoma City University Student Publications Manual began in Fall 2004 in the Newspaper Administration class. The manual was formed in an effort to establish a defined set of rules for the Student Publications staff and consistent style for all university Student Publications – The Campus, the student newspaper; The Constellation, the student yearbook; and The Campus online, the online version of the student newspaper. The decision to create the manual was made to inform staffers of the guidelines for working for Student Publications, establish consistency among publications and become a helpful educational tool for future students. Staffers will not only learn to use the manual, they will revise it annually.
2 Table of Contents
I. Opening Page
Forward 2
Table of Contents 3-4
Mission Statement 5
HISTORY 6 Yearbook 7-8 Newspaper 9 Web site 10 Student Publications 11 Student Publications Advisory Board 12
WORKING FOR STU PUB 13 Employment Details 14-16 Hierarchy 17 Job Descriptions 18-31 Code of Ethics 32-42 Student Discipline 43
OPERATIONS 44 Newsroom Rules 45-46 Phone Etiquette 47 Checking Voicemail 48 Camera Rules 49 Logging onto the Server 50 Advertising Rules 51 Advertising Steps 52 Story Steps 53 Photo Steps 54 Correcting B&W Photos 55 Correcting Color Photos 56 Inserting Yearbook Photos 57 Designing Yearbook Pages 58
3 Using Herff-Jones Image In 59 Distributing the Yearbook 60
STYLES 61 The Campus style palette 62-63 The Campus online style palette 64 Student Publications Colors 65 Student Publications Stylebook 66-97 Glossary 98-123
TRAINING/APPENDIXES 124
4 Mission Statement
The purpose of Oklahoma City University’s Student Publications is to inform, entertain and serve the Oklahoma City University community. The community includes the university’s student body, faculty, staff, trustees, alumni, and administrators. Although Student Publications serve a broad community, the publications’ primary focus is Oklahoma City University’s student body. Student publications inform, entertain and serve the students, but also serve as the students’ printed voices. This is done while maintaining the university’s focus on a liberal arts education rooted in the United Methodist tradition of servant leadership. The publications fulfill the above missions through accurate, ethical and objective reporting of campus- and community-related events. Coverage is facilitated by members of a student editorial board and overseen by a faculty adviser. While fulfilling the above missions, the publications provide students with realistic, hands-on journalistic training by offering jobs including those related to reporting, production, design, sales, and management to students in any major.
5
History
6 Yearbook
The yearbook dates back further than the naming of the university as Oklahoma City University. It was first published as The Scarab in 1923 when the university was Oklahoma City College. Since 1924, when the university was renamed, the yearbook has been published in a variety of university departments and under an assortment of names. For the majority of its existence the OCU yearbook has been published by the mass communications department and has been a student- produced publication. University Relations and the Office of Student Life also have published it. It was The Keshena from 1947 to 2002. No yearbook was published from 1973 to 1980, and again in 1999. In 1999, the first student-produced magazine, @2501, was published in place of the yearbook. The magazine was published for one year before the yearbook returned in 2001. The yearbook was renamed The Constellation in 2002. It was published that year by students in the university’s Office of Student Life. Officials thought the change was necessary because of the university’s mascot change from the Chiefs to the Stars in 1999. The publication returned to the mass communications department, where it is currently housed, in 2003. The following year, the book became a spring publication and a CD-ROM component was added. The supplement became a DVD for the 2006-07 book, and included original music and videos from students. Students in the broadcasting track planned and implemented the DVD videos under the direction of the Student Publications multimedia editor. For the 2005-06 academic year the yearbook staff was integrated into a general Student Publications staff. This was done to streamline the publishing process and allow all campus student publications to share equipment and resources. All publications also were moved under the direction of the same faculty adviser. A special event was hosted on the quad beginning for distribution of the 2005-06 yearbook. It was the first time in at least 10 years that all of the books were distributed. The event, which was hosted by the Media Relations and Events Management class, had to end an hour early because all of the books were gone. The carnival-like event was based on the yearbook’s theme, “OCU 101,” and began an annual tradition for the staff.
7 In 2007-08 the yearbook editor position was terminated to make way for one editor-in-chief in charge of all Student Publications. Sherri Greenwood was the last yearbook editor of The Constellation during the 2006-07 academic year. Nathan Altadonna was Student Publication’s first editor-in-chief during the 2007-08 academic year.
8 Newspaper
The Oklahoma City University student newspaper began publishing in 1907. Like the yearbook, the student newspaper also has been published in various places under a variety of names. The newspaper originally was published in the English department, later moving to the Mass Communications department, where it remains. The publication began as a monthly magazine before becoming a four-page weekly magazine in Fall 1907. It had an irregular procession until 1923. Since then, the paper has experienced a continuous run. It has been published under the names The Campus, The Windup, The Epworthian, and The Rambler before permanently becoming The Campus. The paper went daily in 1966 and remained that way for two years. In 1969 it went biweekly and returned to a weekly publication in 1970. The paper was printed on university-owned presses until the early 1970s. Since then it was been printed by local commercial printing companies. The newspaper staff considered renaming the paper during the university’s centennial year, but decided The Campus was the best name and should remain. The newspaper was, however, redesigned during that academic year, and the administration building was removed from the flag. The paper also changed from a Friday to Wednesday publication that year. For the 2005-06 academic year the newspaper staff was integrated into a general Student Publications staff. This helped streamline the process of campus student media and resulted in all student publications sharing equipment and resources. The Campus celebrated its centennial during the 2006-07 academic year. The Student Publications staff published a special centennial edition in April 2007. The staff also served a large birthday cake during lunch in the cafeteria in Tom and Brenda McDaniel University Center.
9 The Campus online
Oklahoma City University’s student newspaper Web site, The Campus online, was created and launched in 2004 to enhance the print version of the student newspaper, The Campus. Mass communications students in the Electronic News Gathering and Reporting course designed the site as a semester project. They were Kelly Burk, Sherri Greenwood, Saima Manzoor, and Diana Tejada. The students designed and implemented the site under the guidance of Kenna Griffin, visiting instructor of mass communications and Student Publications director. The creation of the site coincided with the university’s centennial celebration, and propelled the student newspaper into the electronic news era. The site officially launched Dec. 8, 2004. Shortly after its launch the site crashed and was no longer operational. The site came back online in January 2007. After gathering information, Student Publications editors decided to use Boston-based College Publisher as a content manager for the site. College Publisher partners with more than 450 student publications nationwide. Since 1999, it has grown into the largest network of student publications in the nation. Layout Editor Erin McAnear designed the new flag for the Web site. Multimedia Editor Tiffany Jensen coordinated the site upgrade. The relaunched site included weather, message boards and polls. Broadcasting students also posted several podcasts on the site during the 2006-07 academic year. The Student Publications staff updates the site daily during the academic year and weekly during university breaks.
10 Student Publications
Oklahoma City University’s three student media outlets – the yearbook, newspaper and Web site – joined together in 2005 to create one Student Publications staff. The purpose of the merger was to streamline the publications process. The merger combined the small staffs to make one large staff to produce all of the publications. Each publication still had a dedicated editor, who was a voting member of the editorial board, until Fall 2007 when the yearbook editor position was dissolved and the publications began being overseen by a single editor-in-chief with a staff of assistant editors.
11 Student Publications Advisory Board
The Student Publications Advisory Board was formed in 2003. The board is an oversight committee developed as a result of the Mass Communications department receiving $250,000 from the Ethics and Excellence in Journalism Foundation to improve the quality and ethical standards of the university’s print journalism program. The board’s purpose is to monitor the student newspaper and yearbook in terms of ethics, quality and impact. The board consists of the editorial team, three working media professionals and the director of Student Publications. The board receives copies of all Student Publications throughout the academic year. Board members also make themselves available to answer questions or act as resources in the field for staffers and/or the director of Student Publications on an as-needed basis. The board also meets once during the academic year for an update on Student Publications progress.
12
Working for Student Publications
13 Employment Details
Any full-time Oklahoma City University student may be hired to work on Student Publications, regardless of his or her major.
The hiring process
The first step in working for Student Publications is to fill out an application in the Mass Communications department. Once a student’s application is complete, it will be reviewed by the adviser and at least one member of the editorial board. Upon review, a board member will contact the student and ask them to participate in an interview. The student will interview with a member of the editorial board and the adviser. Student Publications employees are chosen based on their academic and professional qualifications as well as their ability to work as a team with the rest of the staff.
Once a student’s employment is approved, the second step in the process is to complete the paperwork required by the university’s Department of Human Resources. This paperwork includes:
• A student employment application • W-4 form • Authorization for Automatic Deposits (optional for student employees), and • An I-9 Employment Eligibility Verification form (must present documents in support of eligibility, as specified on the back of this form).
These forms must be completed before the student begins working. Students are not eligible to be paid until they have completed the appropriate forms.
Before a student can be hired by Student Publications they must be able to prove that they have a Social Security Number. Students cannot begin working until they file Social Security and tax information with the university’s Department of Human Resources. International students who plan to apply for a Social Security Number will not receive a letter from the adviser stating that they have secured a Student Publications job until they
14 have completed the necessary steps to qualify for student pay as listed in the following section.
Types of employees
The university has two types of undergraduate student employees:
1. Student Term Workers: students hired by a department and paid directly from that department’s budget for a specific purpose and set time frame.
2. Work Study Students: students who have met specific qualifications and been awarded an allowance from the government or university.
Student Publications hires both types of students.
If a student has work study money, they first will be paid with all of those funds. After the work study money is gone, a student can be paid through the Student Publications budget if necessary. The salary for most Student Publications jobs exceeds student work study allotments.
Conditions of employment
Student Publications employees are hired for one-year terms. They cannot be paid until they have contributed three samples of their work to the publications. For example, writers will not be paid until three of the stories they have written are published. Student Publications employees are only eligible to receive pay for the work they’ve done during that academic year. Students will not be paid during a later academic year for work done during the previous year.
Student Publications employees may be terminated at any time during the semester for a variety of reasons. These reasons include those outlined in the “Student Publications Code of Ethics” portion of this manual. Students who resign from the Student Publications staff must submit an official resignation letter to the faculty adviser along with their final timesheets. Student Publications staff members who do not attend meetings or turn in materials for more than one week without notifying an editor of a reason automatically will be terminated.
15 The primary job of any Oklahoma City University student is academics. Because of this Student Publications employees are prohibited from working more than a set amount per week. The amounts are:
• Full-time student – 20 hours a week • Part-time student – 30 hours a week • University breaks – 40 hours a week
Student Publications employees are paid semi-monthly. Each paycheck will include earnings for all work performed through the end of the previous payroll period. If a regularly scheduled payday falls on a weekend or holiday, employees will receive pay on the last day of work before the scheduled payday. Student Publications employees will submit timesheets using the university’s online payroll system. Employees are responsible for turning timesheets in to the adviser by noon on the day before they are due. Any student who does not meet the deadline will not be paid during that pay period. Students who do not complete all timesheets during a semester will not be paid for that time during the following semester.
The timesheet must be an account of the hours worked for each week. The adviser may question at anytime the hours claimed by any Student Publications employee. All tasks must be attributed to an hourly rate. Deliberate falsification of a timesheet is grounds for dismissal. If a Student Publications staffer is unsure about the hourly rate to attribute to any task, they should ask the adviser.
Hourly pay rates for Student Publications employees are set by the adviser and approved by the editor at the beginning of the academic year. Hourly pay rates are based on those listed in the Student Employee Job and Wage Classification System.
16 Student Publications hierarchy
Editor-in- chief
Web Assoc. Copy Sports Photo Ad Market. Layout Multi Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Director Director Editor Media Editor
Reporters Reporters, Reporters Sports Photogs Ad Circ Graphic Reporters Cartoonist Reporters Reps Director Designers
17 Job Descriptions
Director of Student Publications/Adviser: • Attends weekly staff meeting and leads weekly editorial meeting. • Reviews all products before they are published to ensure they adhere to university policies and/or journalistic, legal and ethical principles. • Holds editors accountable to external deadlines – i.e. makes sure the paper comes out, the yearbook is printed, the DVD is completed, and the Web site is updated. • Advises Editor-in-Chief on how to delegate work to the staff and editors for all Student Publications projects. • Monitors the academic progress of staffers to ensure that school comes before work. • Critiques all publications after they are published. This includes marking up the paper, sending e-mails about the Web site and annually reviewing the yearbook • Work with the Editor-in-Chief to recruit, hire, manage, and retain Student Publications staff. This includes conducting staff training and motivating, evaluating, rewarding, and disciplining staff. Presents a short course during weekly staff meeting. • Makes recommendations for news coverage that represents the university at-large. • Defends Student Publications and its staff if necessary including protecting the staff from prior restraint. • Manages the Student Publications budget. This includes securing university funding and updating the Editor-in-Chief on the financial situation. • Maintains open communication with staff. This includes requiring weekly journals from members of the editorial board. • Negotiates contracts with outside vendors including newspaper and yearbook printers, Web site service provider, and DVD producer. • Updates the Student Publications manual annually. • Represents Student Publications on university boards and committees.
18 • Steps into the editorial role in the event of a university emergency where a staff is no longer in existence.
The Editorial Team
All members of the editorial team are expected to: • Work up to but no more than 20 hours a week on Student Publications – the newspaper, its online version, the yearbook, and/or the yearbook DVD component. • Work with the adviser to recruit, hire, manage, and retain Student Publications staff. • Work with the adviser to conduct staff training and to motivate, evaluate, reward, and discipline staff. • Guide staff in planning and implementing news coverage that represents the university at-large. • Conduct/attend weekly staff meetings. (NOTE: Editorial team members should miss staff meeting only if they have a course conflict.) • Attend weekly editorial meetings. • Write a weekly journal for the Director of Student Publications. • Participate in the pagination of the newspaper, its online version, the yearbook, and the yearbook DVD from start to finish. (NOTE: Editorial team members can be absent during the pagination process with the editor’s approval.) • Complete functions necessary in the success of Student Publications including taking photographs, writing copy, posting stories, designing advertisements and/or pages, and distributing publications if necessary. • Promote Student Publications on campus. • Defend Student Publications, its staff and/or decisions they make during their tenure if necessary. • Be held accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications.
19 Job functions for specific members of the editorial team are as follows:
Editor-in-Chief: • Responsible for overall Student Publications operations, including those for the newspaper, yearbook, online, and the yearbook DVD. • Manages the Student Publications staff. • Works with the adviser to manage the Student Publications budget. • Updates and distributes a daily news budget. • Creates and distributes an annual yearbook ladder and updates the ladder as necessary. • With the help of the staff, plans and implements content for all student publications. • Writes (or assigns to another member of the editorial staff) a weekly editorial column. • Represents Student Publications on several university boards and committees, including the mass communications department’s editorial advisory board. • Submits funding requests for Student Publications if necessary. • Writes at least one story, column or editorial a week. • Edits all pages before they are sent to the adviser for final checks. • Paginates pages for every publication, electronic or otherwise. • Fills any vacant editorial position until the position can be filled. • Guides the staff in making yearbook decisions such as those regarding the theme, ladder and cover design. • With the help of the staff, works to carry out the yearbook theme on the DVD component. • Represents Student Publications as a university figurehead.
Associate Editor: • Responsible with the Editor-in-Chief for overall Student Publications operations, including those for the newspaper, yearbook, online, and the yearbook DVD. • Assists the Editor-in-Chief in their job as leader of Student Publications by acting as “second in command.”
20 • Helps the Editor-in-Chief with updating and distributing news budgets and ladders. • Writes at least one story, column or editorial a week. • Fills any vacant editorial position. • Steps into the Editor-in-Chief’s roll if he/she is unavailable for any reason for the planning or production of the newspaper. • Makes newspaper decisions such as those regarding story content, placement and newspaper design. • Represents the newspaper as a figurehead for the university. • Accountable for the success and failures of the newspaper.
Web Editor: • Responsible for the overall planning, development and execution of content for The Campus online. • Responsible for the overall planning, development and execution of supplemental content in other publications regarding The Campus online. • Ensures that The Campus online is updated daily during the regular academic year and weekly during university breaks. This includes launching the site and sending out its e-mail version. • Updates web content for a daily news budget. • Works with the Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editor to converge newspaper and online coverage. • Works with the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editor and Multimedia Editor to converge online coverage with that in the yearbook and on the DVD. • Works with the Marketing Director to use the site as a promotional tool for Student Publications. • Works with the Multimedia Editor to ensure converged content on the site and new video podcasts are available at least twice a week. • Represents The Campus online as a figurehead for the university. • Accountable for the successes and failures of The Campus online. • Gives weekly updates in editorial meeting regarding site visits and usage.
21 Multimedia Editor:
• Responsible for overall Student Publications broadcast operations for the yearbook DVD and The Campus online. • Responsible for the overall planning, development and execution of broadcast content for The Campus online and for the yearbook’s DVD component. • Manages a staff of students to work on the broadcast components of the site, including reporting to the station manager regarding these projects and staff positions. • Makes multimedia decisions such as those regarding online and DVD page content and navigation. • Ensures that The Campus online is updated at least twice a week with broadcast content. • Launches The Campus online daily if the Web Editor is unavailable to do so. • Updates broadcast web content for the news budget and the yearbook DVD ladder. • Works with the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editor and Web Editor to converge newspaper and online coverage. • Represents the Student Publications’ multimedia components as a figurehead for the university. • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications’ multimedia components.
Sports Editor: • Works with Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editor to manage the sports staff. • Oversees and implements sports news coverage for all aspects of Student Publications. • Updates sports news on the news budget and the yearbook ladder. • Writes at least one sports-related story/column a week. • Paginates the sports page and posts sports content on the Web site. • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications’ sports components.
22 Layout Editor: • Responsible for the overall visual elements of Student Publications, including those involving the newspaper, yearbook, DVD, and The Campus online. • Works with the rest of the editorial staff to make Student Publications design decisions. • Manages graphic design staff. • Works with Editor-in-Chief to make pagination assignments including ad placement. • Reviews all pages for design elements before they are submitted to the adviser. • Maintains the design and PDF morgues. • Works with design staff and Marketing Director to maintain university and Student Publications visual identity standards. • Designs mods for the yearbook. • Works with Editor-in-Chief to leads the staff in selecting a yearbook theme and implementing that theme through design elements in the yearbook and on the DVD. • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications design.
Photo Editor: • Responsible for Student Publications photography. • Updates photography plans on the daily budget. • Manages photography staff. • Ensures that at least one wild art shot is posted every day on The Campus online. • Completes/delegates all assignments, including those for wild art and group portraits. • Manages group portrait dates for the yearbook. • May be required to attend events and interviews when taking photos. • Responsible for the correct identification of individuals pictured in photographs taken by their staff. • Responsible for writing cutlines for photographs taken. • Must ensure all photos for publication are color corrected and properly archived. • Required to burn backup CDs of all photos taken.
23 • Responsible for training photographers to color correct photos correct for online, web and yearbook. • Responsible for training photographers on how to properly write cutlines. • Responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the photography equipment. • Must check out the photography equipment for assignment, and turn it in when the assignment is complete. (Note: Keeping university equipment overnight is prohibited for any editor.) • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications photography.
Copy Editor: • Reads and edits all Student Publications copy, making sure it publication worthy and it conforms to Associated Press and Student Publications style rules. • Completes the Campus Calendar each week, including looking at postings for calendar items. • Works with staff to answer questions or to better their writing skills. • Works with the staff to ensure that all stories are in on deadline and ready for publication. • Required to read page proofs during the pagination process. • Accountable for overall Student Publications content quality.
Marketing Director: • Works up to but no more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications. • Responsible for the overall public perception of Student Publications and the services it provides. • Attends weekly editorial and staff meetings. • Maintains open lines of communication among the Student Publications editors and external publics. • Responsible for distribution plans. • Responsible for Student Publications promotions. • Responsible for interaction with the OCU Student Publications Advisory Board, including mailing members weekly publications. • Plans and implements the annual yearbook distribution event.
24 • Responsible for writing press releases about Student Publications’ and staff member accomplishments. • Represents Student Publications as a figurehead for the university. • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications’ marketing and public relations efforts.
Advertising Director: • Works up to but no more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications. • Paid 20 percent of personal advertising sales revenue. • Responsible for the overall Student Publications advertising content and revenue. • Works with the Layout Editor and Graphic Designers to design advertisements. • Works with the editors and adviser to hire, coordinate, train, and manage advertising staff. • Attends weekly editorial and staff meetings. • Documents all ads in the advertising book and makes sure they are paid for before they are set to run. • Makes sure all adds are approved and in the appropriate folder by deadline before publication. • Spends time off campus soliciting advertising and meeting with clients and potential clients. • Maintains open lines of communication with the newspaper’s advertising clients. • Responsible for sending ad proofs to clients. • Responsible for collecting advertising revenue from clients. • Implements advertising rate schedules and oversees changes in the advertising department. • Represents the Student Publications’ advertising department as a figurehead for the university. • Accountable for the successes and failures of Student Publications’ advertising content. (NOTE: Advertising is Student Publications only form of personal revenue.)
25 The Staff
Senior Staff Writer: • Expected to work up to but no more than 20 hours a week. This schedule requires senior writers to write up to four stories a week. (NOTE: Each completed story is worth five hours of pay.) • Producing stories likely could include attending events and/or interviews and taking photographs. • Position is awarded to students who have worked more than one semester on Student Publications, and have proved their reporting and writing skills to be above average. • To be eligible for a senior writer position, a reporter must have completed either News Gathering and Reporting or Public Relations Writing. • Assigned a regular beat to work, and will be asked to contribute story ideas and stories from their beat. • Encouraged to work with the editorial team to package their stories with graphics and photographs. • Required to attend weekly staff meetings. • Required to turn in all of their copy on deadline, with an extended deadline given only by a member of the editorial team. • Required to revise stories on deadline. • Senior staff writers’ pay is contingent entirely on the stories they submit. • Accountable for working their beat and the content of their stories.
Staff Writer: • Expected to work up to but no more than 20 hours a week. This schedule requires writers to write up to four stories a week. (NOTE: Each completed story is worth five hours of pay.) • Producing stories likely could include attending events and/or interviews and taking photographs. • Position is entry level for students interested in working on publications staff. (NOTE: Any OCU student is eligible to work for Student Publications.)
26 • Staff writers cannot be paid until they have successfully written and published three articles. • Staff writers are encouraged to enroll in and completed either a News Gathering and Reporting or Public Relations Writing course. • Assigned a regular beat to work, and will be asked to contribute story ideas and stories from their beat. • Encouraged to work with the editorial team to package their stories with graphics and photographs. • Required to attend weekly staff meetings. • Required to turn in all of their copy on deadline, with an extended deadline given only by a member of the editorial team. • Required to revise stories on deadline. • Staff writers’ pay is contingent entirely on the stories they submit. • Accountable for working their beat and the content of their stories.
Sports Writer: • Expected to work up to but no more than 20 hours a week. This schedule requires writers to write up to four stories a week. (NOTE: Each completed story is worth five hours of pay.) • Producing stories likely could include attending events and/or interviews and taking photographs. • Position is entry level for students interested in working on publications staff. (NOTE: Any OCU student is eligible to work for Student Publications.) • Sports writers cannot be paid until they have successfully written and published three articles. • Sports writers are encouraged to enroll in and completed either News Gathering and Reporting or Public Relations Writing course. • Assigned a regular sports-related beat to “work,” and will be asked to contribute story ideas and stories from their beat. • Encouraged to work with the editorial team to package their stories with graphics and photographs. • Required to attend weekly staff meetings.
27 • Required to turn in all of their copy on deadline, with an extended deadline given only by a member of the editorial team. • Required to revise stories on deadline. • Sports writers’ pay is contingent entirely on the stories they submit. • Accountable for working their beat and the content of their stories.
Photographer: • Expected to work up to but no more than 20 hours a week. • Expected to complete all photography assignments given, including those for weekly wild art and group portraits. • May be required to attend events and interviews when taking photos. • Responsible for the correct identification of individuals pictured in photographs. • Responsible for writing cutlines for all photos they take. • Must ensure all photos for publication are color corrected and properly archived. • Responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the photography equipment. • Must check out the photography equipment for assignment, and turn it in when the assignment is complete. (Note: Keeping university equipment overnight is prohibited for any editor.) • Expected to attend weekly staff meeting. • Photographer’s pay is contingent entirely on the photographs they submit. • Accountable for the journalistic integrity of their photos and the accuracy in their cutlines.
Columnist: • Expected to work up to but no more than 20 hours a week on an “as needed” basis. This schedule requires writers to write up to four columns a week. (NOTE: Each completed story is worth five hours of pay.) • Producing columns likely could include attending events and/or interviews.
28 • Position is entry level for students interested in working on publications staff. (NOTE: Any OCU student is eligible to work for Student Publications.) • Columnists cannot be paid until they have successfully written and published three articles. • Columnists are encouraged to enroll in and completed either a News Gathering and Reporting or Opinion Writing course. • Ask to contribute their own column ideas as well as work from those suggested by editors. (NOTE: Columns must pertain to university life.) • All columnists are required to take a photo to run with their columns. They also must run their name with their column. • Required to attend weekly staff meetings. • Required to turn in all of their copy on deadline, with an extended deadline given only by a member of the editorial team. • Required to revise columns on deadline. • Columnists can and will be edited for content and style. • Columns should be about 350 words to avoid drastic editing. • Columnists also could be called up to write news stories when warranted. • Columnist’s pay is contingent entirely on the column they submit. • Accountable for the fair and accurate content in their columns.
Editorial Cartoonist: • Hired on an “as needed” basis. • Paid only when funding is available and no more than $20 per cartoon. • Must design original work. • Cartoons must be campus-related. • Cartoonists are paid only when their cartoon is published. • Required to turn in cartoons on a deadline. • Required to revise cartoons if necessary. • Accountable for the content of their cartoon.
Advertising Representatives: • Works up to but no more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications.
29 • Paid 15 percent of personal advertising sales revenue. • Responsible for personal advertising content and revenue. • Works with the layout editor and graphic designers to design advertisements. • Encouraged to attend weekly staff meetings. • Documents all ads in the advertising book and makes sure they are paid for before they are set to run. • Spends time off campus soliciting advertising and meeting with clients and potential clients. • Maintains open lines of communication with the newspaper’s advertising clients. • Responsible for sending ad proofs to clients. • Responsible for collecting advertising revenue from clients.
Graphic Designer: • Works up to but not more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications. • Works with editors and writers to determine graphic content and size. • Ensures all graphics are approved by the adviser. • Ensures all graphics adhere to Associated Press and Student Publications style rules and are in appropriate color mode. • Responsible for the accuracy of graphics produced. • Expected to attend weekly staff meeting. • Encouraged to attend weekly editorial meeting. • Required to check in the newsroom by noon on pagination day to make corrections to graphics. • Required to meet deadlines and revise on deadline. • Accountable for designing graphics that fit with the theme and look of the publications.
Page Designer: • Works up to but not more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications. • Works with editors and writers to design assigned pages of a publication. • Works with the editors to ensure all pages are approved by the adviser.
30 • Ensures all graphics adhere to Associated Press and Student Publications style rules and are in appropriate color mode. • Responsible for the accuracy of graphics/pages produced. • Expected to attend weekly staff meeting. • Encouraged to attend weekly editorial meeting. • Required to work in the newsroom on pagination days to correct pages they designed and help with page corrections. • Required to meet deadlines and revise on deadline. • Accountable for designing pages that fit with the theme and look of the publications.
Circulation Director: • Works up to but no more than 20 hours a week for Student Publications. • Responsible for distribution of Student Publications, specifically the yearbook and newspaper. (NOTE: This includes picking up the weekly newspaper at the printer and distributing it by 8 a.m.) • Responsible for maintaining Student Publications distribution equipment. • Must deliver publications in a timely manner as determined by editorial team and adviser.
31 Code of Ethics
Overview To seek and publish truth is the two-step goal of all journalists, not excluding those working for Student Publications at Oklahoma City University. To help students be true to the goal of journalists, Oklahoma City University Student Publications officials adopted this code of ethics for students to follow. The code contains standards of conduct and moral judgments. The code brings uniformity and truth to the campus newsgathering process and student journalists’ search for education and experience. The code answers questions and reminds student journalists that standards of honesty and performance exist and are important to Student Publications. The code should not be viewed as a burden. It is a tool that allows student journalists to gather and publish news free of uncertainty. Operating under the code also helps safeguard the public trust given to journalists and leads to greater credibility for Oklahoma City University’s Student Publications staffs. Following the code of ethics is required of all students working on Oklahoma City University’s Student Publications staff. Failure to do so can result in termination.
Academic requirements Student Publications positions are open to students from any major. The staff does not require a certain grade point average for acceptance. Staffers are expected to plan their scheduled to allow adequate time for academics, work and extra curricular activities. However, students who are deemed to be putting Student Publications work before academic work will be removed from the staff. Student Publications work should be a priority, but academics always come first. Student Publications employees should not miss classes or other academic obligations because of Student Publications work.
Student Senate participation To maintain the role of the press as an independent watchdog of government, an editorial staffer should not be an elected or appointed
32 member of the Student Senate. Nor should an editorial staff member work on a student government campaign or openly support a candidate. Student Publications employees who are not members of the editorial board are allowed to fill Student Senate seats, but cannot report on any student government-related issues. Student Publications employees are encouraged to vote in student government and organizational elections, but they are prohibited from openly discussing their votes. The Editor-in-Chief can forbid a student editor from voting in any type of organizational election if deemed necessary.
Electronic Media Student Publications employees should not belong to any electronic media groups that represent candidates for offices or perspectives on campus issues. Student Publications employees also are not allowed to reprint (electronically or otherwise) any materials originally written for a Student Publications. Student Publications employees also are not allowed to give Student Publications materials (including photos) to other people for posting or reprinting.
Free Food Reporters should make every effort to pay for their own food at events which they are covering. It’s acceptable to participate in a meal or refreshments at an event if the Department of Mass Communications organizes it or if all media receive the same treatment. If in doubt, ask the adviser.
Free Travel Reporters may not accept free or discounted travel arrangements to events they will be covering. Student Publications will pay for all properly authorized travel. There is one exception to this rule. Reporters and photographers who are approved to cover out-of-town play-off games may ride on the team charter when invited and when no other mode of transportation is available.
Gifts Gifts should not be accepted by any student journalist. Any gift should be returned to the sender. If the gift is of no significant value, such as a small food item or pen, the staff member may retain it. Student journalists should
33 not accept anything greater in value than a cup of coffee from a source or potential source. Student journalists should be especially wary of accepting items like T-shirts, hats or books. Any such item that a student journalist cannot avoid taking should be given to the newspaper as a readership reward.
Source Requests Sources will never be invited to review or editor work before it is published. Also, reporters will never pre-submit questions for an interview. A source has the right to deny an interview at any time. A reporter may discuss what another source said about a given topic with another source he/she is interviewing. Reporters, however, are not obligated to discuss what other sources said and should never give their opinions on topics.
Corrections All Student Publications are obligated to correct any error they make as soon as possible, no matter the level of consequence for the error. The corrections should be in a fixed, consistent location in the publication. The absence of such corrections calls into question a medium’s ability to call itself a public form.
Attribution All information from sources, including official documents, books, letters, and e-mails, other articles and Web sites, should be attributed.
Free tickets, passes and discounts Student Publications will pay admissions costs or seek free admission for staffers covering pre-approved events. Free tickets or passes may be accepted by staff members assigned to cover an event or by those attending for legitimate news purposes. Press facilities at these events may only be used by staff members who are assigned to cover the event. Free tickets or passes may be accepted by staff members for personal use only if tickets are available on the same complimentary basis to non-journalists.
Reporter Identification Reporters should identify themselves to potential sources before the start of an interview. A reporter many only misrepresent his/her identity only
34 if conducting a review where his/her presence being known may affect the outcome of the review.
Ownership of items given for review Any materials given to the publication for review become the property of the publication and not of any individual staff member. The adviser reserves the right to disperse the property in an equitable way.
Other employment Staffers should not allow other employment to conflict with their primary responsibility to Student Publications. The staffer must report any other employment to the adviser and editor to avoid any conflicts of interest with assignments or other staff editorial or business responsibilities or influences. OCU students can be paid only for 20 hours of work per week. Students must inform the adviser of any additional work study assignments.
Off-campus or freelance media work Approval of work for an off-campus news medium and freelance media work should be sought from the adviser in advance of the commitment. It is permissible only in a non-competitive medium, on a staffer’s own time and should not conflict with the staffer’s obligations to the publication. Staffers are not allowed to cover the same events for Student Publications and another publication. They also are not allowed to use Student Publications’ equipment for work on another publication.
Revealing information/sharing stories Staffers are not allowed to discuss Student Publications business with those other than members of the staff. “Business” includes the publications process, amount of money any student makes and story content or ideas. Any staffer who allows a story to be read by someone outside of Student Publications before it is printed automatically will be terminated.
Membership in campus organizations Staffers may not cover a campus organization they belong to or participate in any editorial or business decisions regarding that organization. Staffers may provide story ideas about the organization to which they belong. Staffers should report their memberships to their supervising editor. To maintain the role of the press as an independent watchdog of
35 government, an editorial staffer should not be an elected or appointed member of the Student Senate. Nor should an editorial staff member work on a student government campaign or openly support a candidate. Student editors are encouraged to vote in student government and organizational elections, but they are prohibited from openly discussing their votes. The Editor-in-Chief can forbid a student editor from voting in any type of organizational election if deemed necessary.
Relationships and coverage Staffers must declare conflicts and avoid involvement in stories dealing with members of their families or close friends. Staff members should not cover – in words, photographs or artwork – or make news judgments about family members, roommates or persons with whom they have financial, adversarial or close sexual or platonic relationships. Intra- staff dating is not recommended if one person assigns or evaluates the work of the other person or if one is in a position to promote the other to a higher staff position.
Use of alcoholic beverages while on assignment Even though a staffer may be able to drink legally, no drinking is allowed while working for Student Publications. When covering an event where alcohol is served, staffers should not accept or purchase drinks. Staffers should avoid the appearance that they are being “wined and dined” by any group.
Sexual harassment Sexual harassment is: verbal suggestive comments, sexual innuendo, threats, insults, jokes about sex-specific traits, sexual propositions, nonverbal vulgar gestures, whistling, leering, suggestive or insulting noises, physical touching, pinching, brushing the body, coercing sexual intercourse, and/or assault. This conduct can be called job-related harassment when submission is made implicitly or explicitly a condition of employment, a condition of work-related assignments, compensation and other factors, or if such conduct interferes with the staffer’s performance or creates a hostile, intimidating or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment is prohibited. Sexual harassment is not acceptable on any level and is a terminable offense.
36 Plagiarism Plagiarism is prohibited and illegal. See the university handbook for further rules and punishments regarding plagiarism.
Fabrication of any kind The use of composite characters or imaginary situations or characters will not be allowed in stories. A columnist may, occasionally, use such an approach in developing a piece, but it must be clear to the reader that the person or situation is fictional and that the column is commentary, not reporting.
Electronically altered photos Electronically altering the content of photos is not allowed. Exceptions to this rule are adjustments to contrast and similar technical enhancements that don’t affect the truthfulness of the subject and context of the subject or the scene. Headlines/cutlines also may be inset in photographs. Photographs may not be “flipped” or adjusted so that people appear to be facing in the opposite direction as they actually are. When reproduced in Student Publications photographs should look the way they looked to the people attending the event.
Photo illustrations and re-enactments Set-ups or posed scenes may be used if the average reader will not be misled or if the cutline tells readers that it is a “photo illustration” of an event. Recording the original action is always preferred.
Use of photographs of victims Any such situation should be voted upon by the editorial board.
Reporting names and addresses of victims Staffers should not report the names or specific addresses of victims. Staffers are allowed to refer to victims by their age, classification/major and their general campus residence. For example, the 18-year-old biology freshman lives in Walker Hall.
37 Cooperation with law enforcement, government and administration To be an effective watchdog of other agencies, a publication must remain as independent as possible. The publication should not take over any of the duties of any outside agency; cooperation or involvement in the work of these agencies should be restricted to what is required. Staffers should know any freedom of information, open meetings and shield laws that apply to their work. If a staffer thinks any public authority is interfering with the staffer’s functions as a journalist, the incident should be reported to the editor and adviser.
Scrutiny of a public person’s life Conflicts exist between a person’s desire for privacy and the public good or the public’s right to know about a public person’s life. Persons who freely choose to become public celebrities or public servants should expect a greater level of scrutiny of their life than a private person – even a private person who suddenly is involved in a public situation. Staffers should make judgments based on the real news value of the situation, common sense and decency. Reporters and/or photographers should not badger a person who has made it clear that they do not want to be interviewed or photographed. One exception is those who are involved in criminal activity or in court. In making a final decision on a photo of this type, the editorial board should vote.
Profane, vulgar words, explicit sexual language The primary audience of a college publication is adults. Profane and vulgar words are a part of everyday conversation, but not generally used for general audience writing. The staff may publish these words if the words are important to the reader’s understand of the situation. Any editor or the adviser can determine that this type of language is unnecessary and delete it from a story.
Sexist language Staffers should avoid sexist labels and descriptive language. Replace such language with neutral terms and descriptions.
38 Negative Stereotyping Staffers should take care in writing to avoid applying commonly thought but usually erroneous group stereotypes to individuals who are a member of a particular group. Generalizations, often based upon stereotypes, can be misleading and inaccurate.
Use of racial, ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, or other group identifiers Identification of a person as a member of any population group should be limited to those cases when that membership is essential for the reader’s complete understanding of the story. It should be done with great care so as not to perpetuate negative or positive group stereotyping. When identifiers are used, it is important that the correct one be used. Consult the Associated Press and Student Publications stylebooks for help with these matters. It is, however, acceptable when necessary to identify a student as “international” or “domestic.”
False identity, stolen documents, concealed recording, and/or eavesdropping In the ordinary course of reporting, no staffers shall misrepresent themselves as anything other than representatives of the publication. Staffers may not steal or knowingly receive stolen materials regardless of their importance to a story. Staffers also shall not record an interview or meeting without the interviewee’s permission or the obvious placement of a recording device at the start of the interview or meeting in which case the interviewee or newsmakers do not object and are aware of the presence of the recording device. Committing an illegal act to eavesdrop on a source is not allowed. Staffers also may not report things said during regular conversation during a class or otherwise. Such information must be verified during a regular interview.
Granting and Preserving Confidentiality to Sources A reporter should not promise confidentiality to a source without the permission of the editor and adviser. Confidentiality will only be given if there is a real danger that physical, emotional or financial harm will come to the source if their name is revealed. A reporter should make every attempt to get the same information from another source who agrees to be named since the goal is to attribute all information to a specific source for all stories.
39 Anonymous Sources Anonymous sources are not allowed to be used in stories. Information that comes from an unnamed or unknown source should not be used unless it can be verified through another, known source. If two independent sources verify the information and both are unnamed, the editorial staff and adviser may decide to publish the information with careful consideration of the need for immediacy and the news value of the information. The news source may be identified generally as someone associated with an organization to give some degree of credibility to the information.
No Response from Source If the reporter speaks to the subject of a story and the person does not respond to a reporter’s inquiry, the reporter may write that the source “refused to comment” in the story. If the reporter places several calls to the subject of a story, and the calls are no returned, the reporter may write that the source was “unavailable for comment” in the story. Either phrase should be followed by the day in which the reporter last spoke to the source or attempted to speak with the source. Reporters must continue to attempt to reach sources up until the final deadline, giving the source every opportunity to comment.
Sources on the Internet Reporters are not allowed to interview sources via e-mail unless they receive prior approval to do so from an editor. Reporters are never allowed to e-mail sources questions prior to an interview. Information from e-mails or instant messages cannot be used for a news story. Also, reporters must verify the legitimacy of any Web site they wish to use as an official source in their reporting.
Corrections If any error is found, the publication is obligated to correct the error as soon as possible, regardless of the source of the error. All corrections in the newspaper will be published on Page 2. Corrections that need to be made in the yearbook also will be published in the newspaper on Page 2. They will be published in the first paper following the yearbook’s distribution. Mistakes in The Campus online will be corrected as quickly as possible.
40 Ownership of Work Regardless of whether a staffer is paid or a volunteer, the publication “owns” their published and unpublished work. This includes any photos taken or stories written using Student Publications equipment, and any work done while the staffer is on a Student Publications assignment. None of these items can be printed for any purpose other than Student Publications without the adviser’s permission. Student publications have unlimited use of the work.
Contests and Honors The publication has a proprietary interest in the material it publishes. Thus, the publication as a voting group or top editors are entitled to determine which entries will represent it in contests. This will avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest that might occur if staffers were to win or accept awards from organizations they are assigned to cover. Awards present to the staff as a whole or to the publication generally become the property of the publication. Individuals who win awards for work published in the staff publication may accept the award and retain ownership of it.
Separation of Reporting from Commentary To help the reader separate fact-based reporting from commentary, in the form of personal columns, editorials analysis and similar opinion writing, all commentary should be labeled or somehow clearly and consistently identified as opinion, especially when it is outside the editorial or op-ed pages and mixed with fact-based reporting.
Influence of Advertisers Editors should guard against attempts made by advertisers and others in the publication’s business office to influence the editorial content of the print or online publication. The editorial staff reserves the right to make all decisions about any editorial coverage an advertiser may get in the publication, including advertising supplements. Readers should not perceive that an advertisers is getting favorable editorial mention simply because the advertiser has bought space in the publication.
Acceptance of Advertisements Student Publications will not reprint advertisements soliciting for items that could be viewed as controversial including those for topless dancers, alcoholic beverages, contraceptives, tobacco products, and/or drugs
41 (prescription or otherwise). The adviser and editorial team may prohibit publication of any advertisement they deem necessary.
Acceptance of Reader Feedback Editors and reporters should invite reader feedback and participation in the publications. Reaction by readers to what has been published is accepted through all methods of communication. Readers must sign all feedback with their name, classification and major. All reader feedback will be printed or posted unless otherwise determined by a member of the editorial board and/or adviser. Any reader feedback that specifically quotes an administrator or faculty member will be fact checked before it is run. Student Publications will not publish more than one letter from a single person in the same issue. Student Publications also will not publish letters demeaning another student who is not a staff member or become involved in personal arguments among students. The editorial board may choose to limit feedback on any given issue to one statement from each side. Editors will not post story response or online message that conflicts with anything in these codes of ethics or with common standards of good taste.
42 Student Discipline
The purpose of Student Publications is for students to have a hands-on learning experience. Because of the nature of this purpose, there is a student discipline process based on the “three strikes” rule. Students will be given two opportunities to improve and learn from whatever behavior is deemed in appropriate. On the third violation, the student will be terminated. Exceptions to the “three strikes” rule would include any violation that threatens harm to another staffer or the overall publication. The process is as follows: • Strike 1 – Student meets privately with the adviser to discuss the offense and learn from the mistake made. The supervising editor will be informed of the issue. • Strike 2 – Student meets privately with the adviser and a member of the editorial board to discuss why the offense continues or why the student has multiple offenses. Solutions are offered to avoid such problems in the future. • Strike 3 – Editorial board votes in a private meeting on whether to continue employing the student. The adviser informs the student of the board’s decision. Students terminated by a vote of the editorial board are unlikely to be hired again by Student Publications.
43
Operations
44 Newsroom Rules
It is important for staffers to feel “at home” in the newsroom. However, it also is critical for staffers to respect the room as the publications’ working space and a campus building. All campus building rules also apply in the newsroom. General newsroom rules staffers should be aware of include: • No drinking in the newsroom or coming to work after drinking alcoholic beverages. • No tobacco use in the newsroom. • Do not make personal long-distance phone calls or send personal long-distance faxes from the newsroom. • Do not copy programs, fonts and/or pictures from the newsroom computers. • Student Publications employees and Mass Communications majors are the only students authorized to use the newsroom computers. Editors are the only ones authorized to use the computers at editors’ desks. • The newsroom printer can be used only for printing Student Publications materials or mass communications class projects. • Be courteous to other staffers by keeping the newsroom clean and quiet. Again, it is a working environment. • Log off of computer programs after using them. • Do not download personal items on newsroom computers or leave items on the desktops. Editors are allowed to save personal items on their computer stations under their logins. All items saved on the computers still must follow the codes of ethics and should be backed up in another location. • Do not stay logged on to your personal e-mail account in the newsroom. • Do not leave the newsroom door open and unlocked when the room is empty. • Always put the phone back on its charger after you use it. • Staffers are required to check their boxes in the newsroom each day. • Editors are required to check the newsroom fax machine and voicemail each time they enter the room.
45 • Shut down the computers, turn off the lights and lock the door if you’re the last one to leave the newsroom, even if it is the middle of the day.
46 Phone Etiquette
The following is a list of guidelines to follow when answering the telephone in the newsroom.
• Always answer the telephone when you are in the newsroom. • If someone is on the phone, try to keep the volume in the room low. Turn down music and keep conversations at a minimum. • Answer the phone by saying “Student Publications, this is _____.” • After the caller identifies what they need or who they would like to speak with ask them “may I ask who’s calling?” • If the staffer is in the newsroom, tell them to “please hold” and promptly get the staffer they want to talk to. • If the staffer is not in the newsroom, say “I’m sorry but ______is not here at the moment, may I take a message?” • Write all phone messages down on official message pads. If you are out of this stationary, please ask the Mass Comm secretary for more. Please be sure the message is legible. o Phone messages should include: . Date . Time of call . Full name of caller . Telephone number(s) – get more than one number if possible. . Subject of call. • Tell the caller “thank you for calling” before you hang up the phone. • Place the completed message memo in the correct staffer’s box. o If the call is urgent or advertising related, please call the staffer immediately and let them know there is a message in their box. • Never promise a time when someone will be in the newsroom, ask a caller to “call back” or tell them when a staffer will return their call. • Never give ad information over the telephone unless you are an advertising representative.
47 Checking Voicemail
Following are directions for checking the newsroom voicemail:
• Dial 6000. • When it asks for the password, dial stupub (788782) and press pound (#). • Follow the prompts to go through the messages. • Write all phone messages down on official message pads. If you are out of this stationary, please ask the Mass Comm secretary for more. o Phone messages should include: . Date . Time of call . Full name of caller . Telephone number(s) – get more than one number if possible. . Subject of call. • Place the completed message memo in the correct staffer’s box. o If the call is urgent or advertising related, please call the staffer immediately and let them know there is a message in their box. • Delete each voicemail as you take messages. • The voicemail should be checked several times a day. • Do not give the voicemail information to anyone other than members of Student Publications staff.
48 Camera Rules
The following is a list of rules for using Student Publications photography equipment: • Student Publications photography equipment must be stored in the assigned location and checked out before each event. • Staffers are not allowed to keep camera equipment overnight. • Staffers are not allowed to use camera equipment for personal use or anything other than an official Student Publications assignment. • Staffers must check the cameras in and out each time they use them. • Staffers are responsible for putting the camera batteries on the chargers after use. • Staffers must download all photos they take following each event. Photos left on the cameras’ memory cards likely will be erased. • Staffers should erase the memory card after they download all of their photos. • All photos must be archived. Staffers are not allowed to leave photos on the memory cards, on the computer desktops or in iPhoto. • Staffers must report any problems with photo equipment to the adviser immediately after they are discovered.
49 Logging onto the server
Following are steps for logging onto the newsroom server: • Select the “Apple” key and “K.” • It should read Work Group: smb://N5AA03/thecampus$ or smb://N5AA03/yearbook$, depending on the publication on which you are working. • Type your student e-mail address without “@okcu” in the “Name” box, for example, naltadonna.stu • Type your student e-mail password in the “Password” box. • Choose “ok.” • The server will automatically open. • Choose the date in which the paper is publishing and add your information at that location according to “story steps” or “photo steps” as they are explained in this manual. • Be sure always to log off of the server when you are done working. To log off, drag the server icon from the desktop to the “trash.”
50 Advertising Rules
Advertising is accepted and encouraged in Student Publications. An editor or the Advertising Director must approve all advertising sales. Advertising must meet general standards of taste. Any advertisement can be refused. The following types of ads are not allowed to be published in Student Publications: • Those advertising specials on specific alcoholic beverages or tobacco products. • Those advertising courses available at other universities when the same courses are offered at OCU. • Those looking for nude or topless dancers. • Those needing the vague description of “models.” • Those for birth control methods or health “studies.” • Those announcing employment opportunities that sound “too good to be true.”
NOTE: Cokesbury Court advertisement runs free biweekly in January and February and weekly March through May.
51 Advertising steps
The following are the steps that should be used when selling an advertisement for Student Publications: • Make initial contact with the client, and write the contact down in the ad log. • Fax or deliver rate sheets to the client. • Write a contract for the client. • Make three copies of signed contract. 1. One for client 2. One for ad rep 3. One for adviser • Write the ad details in the green folder so the editors can plan it in the publication. • Attain ad specifications. Clients can either: 1. Have our graphic designers build an ad, or 2. E-mail their own ad, which must meet our specifications. • Collect payment for the ad. • Work with the graphic designer to design the ad. • Allow client to approve a proof of the ad. • Put the ad in the correct server folder.
NOTE: Ad representatives will not be paid for any ad sales unless the adviser has a copy of the contract and the money is received. Ads should not run before payment is received.
52 Story steps
Following are directions for saving newspaper stories: • Type the story in a word document. • Name the story whatever it is called on the Student Publications budget. • Make sure you are logged onto the server as outlined in this manual. • For newspaper, choose the day the issue will publish and save your story in the “copy in” folder. • For yearbook, save your story in the yearbook’s “copy in” folder. • For the Web site, save your story in the upcoming newspaper issue’s “copy in” folder. • NOTE: Stories for the paper are due at 5 p.m. on the Wednesday before publications. Stories for The Campus online are due at noon on the day before publication.
53 Photo steps
Following are steps photographers should take when shooting photos: • Attend events as assigned to you by the photo chief. • Stay at the entire event unless it is impossible to do so. • Shoot a variety of photos from different angles. NOTE: Don’t be afraid to shoot “too many” photos, there’s no such thing. • Identify everyone in photos by their name, classification and major. • Bring the camera back to the newsroom and download all of the photos. • Save all photos “worth printing” in the “art in” folder in the next section of the newspaper. NOTE: The photos should be saved as “.jpg” documents. o Mugshots: LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_MAJOR_CLASSIFICATI ON.jpg Ex. Burk_Kelly_MassComm_SR.jpg o Photos: EVENT_PERSONINPHOTO_MAJORCLASSIFICATI ON_PHOTOGRAPHERSINITIALS.jpg Ex. Oozeball_DianaTejada_MassCommSR_kb.jpg • Write cutlines for all photos and put them in a word document. • Delete all photos from iPhoto and from the camera’s memory card. • Note: Art is due at noon the day after the event.
54 Correcting black and white photos
Following are directions for correcting black and white photos: • Open “.jpg” file in Photoshop. • Open IMAGE > MODE > GRAYSCALE • A window will open: DISCARD COLOR INFORMATION? Click YES. • Make sure the “INFO” window is open • Open IMAGE > ADJUSTMENTS > LEVELS o Pull black slider from left to the first point of black on the “Input Levels” graph. o Pull white slider from right to the first point of black on the “Input Levels” graph. • Open FILE > SAVE AS o Save file with appropriate and correct file name, as an “.eps” file, in ART OUT for the appropriate week.
55 Correcting color photos
Following are directions for correcting color photos: • Open “.jpg” file in Photoshop. • Open IMAGE > MODE > CMYK COLOR. • Make sure the “INFO” window is open. • Open IMAGE > ADJUSTMENTS > LEVELS o Pull black slider from left to the first point of black on the “Input Levels” graph. o Pull white slider from right to the first point of black on the “Input Levels” graph. • Open IMAGE > ADJUSTMENTS > CURVES o In the CHANNEL pull-down menu, select CYAN. o If there is a person in the photo, click on the most prominent (in focus) section of their face. o Pull the dot that appeared on the line in the CURVES graph straight up or straight down. CYAN output should be no more than 10%--to check this, see INFO window. o Repeat this step for MAGENTA and YELLOW. . CYAN – no more than 10 % . MAGENTA – between 25% and 35% . YELLOW – between 30% and 40% (in relation to MAGENTA.) o Select BLACK from the pull-down menu. o Click on the blackest portion of the photo. o Pull the dot that appeared on the line in the CURVES graph straight up or straight down. BLACK should be between 90% and 95%. o NOTE: All of these values are subject to change depending on lighting conditions. • Open IMAGE > IMAGE SIZE o Make sure RESAMPLE IMAGE is NOT checked. o Save photo at 200 dpi. • Open FILE > SAVE AS • Save file with appropriate and correct file name, as an “.eps” file, in ART OUT for the appropriate week.
56 Inserting yearbook photos
Following are the steps for inserting yearbook photos: • Select photos to be used from Art In and drag the folder to the desktop. • Open each photo and grayscale it. • Resave the photo as a “jpeg.” • Open photo in Photoshop and correct to the eye using “Auto Curves” and “Auto Levels.” • Remember that what you see on the screen is how the photo will print. • Lighten photo further if needed, using specific curve or level adjustments. • Again, remember that what you see on the screen is how the photo will print. Do not over lighten the photo. • Choose “Filter” and “Sharpen” and “Unsharp Mask” • Choose “Image” and “Image Size” to resize the photo. • Adjust small photos to 180 resolution. • Adjust large photos to 250 resolution. • Adjust full-page photos to 300 or more resolution. • Save the photo with all of the changes. • Create a folder for your pages in the “Art Out” folder. The folder should be named based on the page number and title. For example, 002-003 Opening. • Save the adjusted photo in the new folder in “Art Out.” • Be sure that original copies of the photo remain in the “Art In” folder.
57 Designing yearbook pages
Following are the steps for designing yearbook pages: • Drag page template from “Template” folder and photos from “Art Out” folder to desktop. • Open template and immediately “Save As” on the desktop as follows: o Create a new folder. The folder should be named based on the job number (12118), page number and title. o For example, 12118 002-003 Opening. o Page should be named based on the job number and page number. For example, 12118 002-003. • Open “06-07 Library” in “Master Items.” • Design page according to styles and Image In photos. • After photos are in Image In and pages are complete, don’t forget to check all appropriate styles listed on The Constellation style sheet and page numbers are correct on the document. • When finished, “Save” and “Print.” • Move folder to “Working Pages.” • Delete all elements from the Desktop after they are placed on the server.
58 Using Herff-Jones Image In
Following are the steps for using Image In: • When page is designed as desired click “HJ Image In.” • When asked if you want to save click “Yes.” When prompted for page numbers enter your page numbers. • Once in the Image In Screen click “Get Pics” and choose art folder from desktop. • Place photos. (If a red box appears when placing photos the photo doesn’t have enough resolution. Do not place photo. Increase resolution and place again.) • When photos are placed click “Done” and immediately “Save.” • For further help refer to Herff Jones “Your Book” or call Herff Jones technical support.
59 Distributing the yearbook
Student Publications will host an annual yearbook distribution event. The event will be planned and implemented by the Marketing Director. Every other year (or as it is offered), the event will be planned by the Media Relations and Events Management class. The distribution event will operate under an annual budget of about $5,000. Ten of each year’s book go to the library for archival before the distribution event. An equal number needs to be saved in the Newsroom for contest entries and other special uses.
60
Styles
61 The Campus styles
The following are the styles used in The Campus newspaper: • “Inside” should say: “See story on Page 1.” Or “See photo on Page 1.” • “Rundown” should have the star and the sport above the headline in OCU blue. • Double-trucks should include page numbers on both sides. The left side should say “The Campus.” The right side should have the date. • “What’s Up” headings are: o Administration o Student Life o Academics o Religious Life o Performing Arts, or o Student Senate • Column Bugs o If the mug is of the author, the photo should be positioned to the left. o The name under the bug should be left aligned. o If the mug is of a source in the story, the photo should be positioned to the right. o The name under the bug should be right aligned. • “Out & About” event names should be italicized. • “Top 10” numbers should be followed by periods.
• Body Type o Caslon, 10/12, Indent- .167 • Byline Name o Century Gothic, 10/12, Bold o Mug photo: left o Column bug: right • Byline Title o Georgia, 10/12, Italics • Cutline o Caslon, 10/12, Italics • Photo Credit o Century Gothic, 8/9, Bold o Bottom right side of the photo. • Photo Kicker
62 o Caslon, Centered • Pull Quote o Caslon, 12/14 • Pull Quote Name o Century Gothic, 12/14, Flush Right • Page Numbers o Georgia, 14 • Page Header Dates o Georgia, 14 for first letter and 12 for all others. o Spell out month. • Special Section Header Page Numbers o Georgia, 14 for the number. o Georgia, 12 for the letter that follows. o The letter should be in a separate text box in order to line them up. • Pull Quote Title o Georgia, 12/14, Italics, Flush Right • Web Bugs o Myriad Pro, 10/12, Bold Condensed • Headlines o Caslon, Bold 30pt and up • Subheads o Caslon, half of headline size
63 The Campus online styles
The following are the styles used in The Campus online: • Body Text o Geneva 10/12 • Headline o Verdana 16/18 • Byline o Geneva Bold 10/12 • Title o Geneva Italics 10/12 • Cutlines o Geneva Bold 8/9 • Photo Credit o Tahoma 8/9 • Related Stories o Verdana 10/12 • Links o Verdana Bold 10/12 • Photo Sizes o Top page . Horizontal – 270 width x 200 height (pixels) . Vertical – 235 width x 290 height (pixels) o Mugshots . Centered – 110 width x 80 height (pixels) • Standing Elements o Calendar – Today at OCU . 150 width x 144 height (pixels) o Opinion Poll . 150 width x 176 height (pixels) o Navigation bar . 149 width x 400 height (pixels) . NOTE: All sidebars and related elements have a 150 width.
Sizes: Banner 1 – 120x240 pixels on the left Center – 468x60 pixels Right – 300 x 250 pixels
64 Student Publications colors
OCU Blue: C: 100 M: 68 Y: 0 K: 12
Online Gold C: 0 M: 20 Y: 80 K: 0
65
Stylebook
66 A a, an Use the article a before consonant sounds. Use the article an before vowel sounds.
Abbreviation and acronyms: In general, avoid alphabet soup. Do not use abbreviations or acronyms. OCU is always written as an acronym. Recognized campus organizations are addressed by their complete names on first reference. Afterward the usage of their acronyms is permitted. For example: The Black Student Association will host a Black History Program in March. BSA members plan to increase participation for the program with new acts. academic degrees: If mention of degrees is necessary to establish someone’s credentials, the preferred form is to avoid an abbreviation and use instead a phrase. For example, John Hones, who has a doctorate in psychology. Use an apostrophe in bachelor’s degree and master’s degree. Bachelor of Arts or Master of Science, for example, are not possessive. Use bachelor of arts, bachelor of science. Bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s is acceptable in any reference. When using academic degrees with a name, only put them before. For example, a professor who has a doctorate degree will be addressed on first reference as Dr. and by their last name afterward. For example: Dr. Marie Hooper, professor of history, said she prefers snakes rather than squirrels. Hooper also said she would like to travel to Europe. academic departments: All OCU departments are always lowercase, except for words that are proper nouns or adjectives. For example, the department of mass communications or the English department. academic titles Capitalize and spell out formal titles when they precede a name. Lowercase elsewhere. Lowercase modifiers. For example, mass communications department Chairwoman Karlie Harmon. When using titles, be gender specific when applicable. acronyms See the abbreviations and acronyms entry.
67 act Capitalize when part of the name for pending or implemented legislation: the Taft-Hartley Act. acting Always lowercase, but capitalize any formal title that may follow before a name. For example, acting Mayor Peter Barry. act numbers Use Arabic figures and capitalize act. For example, Act 1 was wonderful or The first act was wonderful. actor (man) actress (woman) addresses All businesses must have specific addresses. All references on campus must include a room name/number and building. Use the abbreviation Ave., Blvd. and St. only with a numbered address. For example, OCU is at 2501 N. Blackwelder Ave. Spell the same words out and capitalize them when they are part of a formal street name without a number. For example, Pennsylvania Avenue. Lowercase and spell out when used alone or with more than one street name. For example, Pennsylvania and Western avenues. All similar words (alley, drive, road, terrace, etc.) always are spelled out. Capitalize them when part of a formal name without a number. Lowercase them when used alone or with two or more names. Always use figures for an address number. For example, 5 N. Pennsylvania Ave. Spell out and capitalize First through Ninth when used as street names. Use figures with two letters for 10th and above. The campus’ main address is 2501 N. Blackwelder Ave. administration Lowercase on all references. administrator Never abbreviate. Capitalize when used as a formal title before a name. See titles. adviser Preferred term. Not advisor.
African-American The preferred term is black. Use African-American only in quotations or in the names of organizations. afterward Not afterwards.
68 ages Always use figures. Ages expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun use hyphens. For example, the 18-year-old freshman. Other examples of use: The freshman is 18 years old. Joe Blow, 18, is a freshman at OCU. The student is in his 20s.
All-America, All-American all right Never alright. Hyphenate only is used colloquially as a compound modifier. For example, he is an all-right guy. alma mater: Always lowercase and two separate words. alum, alumnus, alumni, alumna, alumnae Use OCU alum or OCU alumnus (OCU alumni in plural) when referring to man who has attended OCU. Use OCU alumna (OCU alumnae in plural) when referring to a woman who has attended OCU. Use OCU alumni when referring to group of men and women who attended OCU. a.m., p.m. Lowercase, with periods. Avoid redundancies. For example, 11 a.m. this morning. EXCEPTIONS: midnight and noon should always be spelled out. ambassador Use for both men and women. Capitalize as a formal title before a name. See titles.
American An acceptable description for a resident of the United States. It may also be applied to any resident or citizen of nations in North or South America. among, between Use between when discussing two people or objects. Use among when more than two are involved. annual
69 An event can’t be annual until it has been hosted for at least two years. For example, the 17th annual Oozeball Tournament will be at noon Saturday on the West Lawn. Do not use first annual. Instead, say the event sponsors are planning to host the even annually. area codes Omit the area code when referring to a “405” number in print. Always include the area code online. Use the area code for all other references. For example, for more information call Nina Gilliland at 521-5377. association Do not abbreviate. Capitalize as part of a proper name. For example, the Hispanic Student Association meets Tuesday.
AstroTurf A trademark for a type of artificial grass. at large Two words. No hyphen. Do not capitalize. avenue Abbreviate only with a numbered address. For example, OCU is at 2501 N. Blackwelder Ave. See addresses. athletic teams Capitalize teams, associations and recognized nicknames.
B baccalaureate
Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science A bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s is acceptable in any reference. See academic degrees.
70 backward Not backwards. barbecue Not barbeque or Bar-B-Q. between See among, between.
biannual, biennial Biannual means twice a year and is a synonym for semiannual. Biennial means every two years.
Bid Day bill See Student Senate bill. bimonthly Means every other month. Semimonthly means twice a month. birthday Capitalize only as part of a formal holiday name. biweekly Means every other week. Semiweekly means twice a week. black Preferred usage for those of the Negro race. Do not use colored or African American as synonyms. board Capitalize only when an integral part of a proper name. board of trustees Always lowercase. See trustees entry for a list of names. book titles See composition titles. boulevard Abbreviated only with a numbered address. See addresses. box office (n.) box-office (adj.)
71 boy Applicable until 18th birthday is reached. Use man afterward. brand names Avoid using brand names. Must be essential to a story. If a brand name is used, verify spelling and capitalize when necessary. brand-new (adj.) break in (v.) break-in (n. and adj.) break up (v.) breakup (n. and adj.) broadcast The past tense also is broadcast, not broadcasted.
Broadway, off-Broadway, off-off-Broadway When applied to stage productions, these terms refer to distinctions made by union contracts, not to location of theater. Verify the distinction when using in Student Publications. building Never abbreviate. Capitalize the proper names of buildings, including the word building if it is an integral part of the proper name. Ann Lacy Stadium OCU buildings and monuments: B.C. Clark Memorial Clock Tower Banning Hall dormitory Bishop W. Angie Smith Chapel Children's Center for the Arts Clara E. Jones Administration Building Cokesbury Court Apartments Dance Annex Dawson-Loeffler Science and Mathematics Center Draper Hall dormitory Dulaney-Browne Library Edith Kinney Gaylord Center Eternal Challenge Sculpture and Fountain Farmer International House Frederickson Fieldhouse Gold Star Memorial building Harris Hall dormitory Henry J. Freede Wellness and Activity Center J.R. Homsey baseball field Kappa Alpha fraternity house Kappa Sigma fraternity house
72 Kerr-Magana Tennis Courts Kerr-McGee Centennial Plaza Kirkpatrick Fine Arts Center Kramer School of Nursing Lacy Visitor and Admissions Center Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity house Margaret E. Petree Recital Hall Meinders School of Business Noble Center for Competitive Enterprise Norick Art Center Oklahoma United Methodist Conference Center Panhellenic Quadrangle Physical Plant Pioneer Preacher Statue Sarkeys Law Center Smith Hall dormitory soccer field Sutton baseball field Sutton baseball/tennis center Tom and Brenda McDaniel University Center University Manor Apartments Walker Center for Arts and Sciences Walker Hall dormitory Wanda L. Bass School of Music Wilson House burn Use when speaking in reference to recording on a compact disc. For example, I’m going to burn a copy of the CD. bylaw
C
C.Q. Smith Student-Faculty Center The former name of the Tom and Brenda McDaniel University Center. Should be used only on specific past references.
73 caf Lowercase on all references. For example, the caf is in Tom and Brenda McDaniel University Center. call letters Use all caps. Use hyphens to separate the type of station from the base of call letters. For example, KATT-FM.
Campus, The Always capitalize and italicize the name of the student newspaper.
Campus online, The Always capitalize and italicize the name of the online version of the student newspaper. Do not capitalize or italicize word “online.” canal Capitalize as an integral part of a proper name. For example, Bricktown Canal. capital The city where a seat of government is located. Do not capitalize. capitalization Avoid unnecessary capitals. Use a capital letter only if you can justify it. Consult this stylebook, the Associated Press Stylebook and Webster’s dictionary for clarification on capitalization. capitol Capitalize U.S. Capitol and the Capitol when referring to the building in Washington. Follow the same practice when referring to state capitols. cell phone Two words. Lowercase. cents Spell out the word cents and lowercase, using numerals for amounts less than a dollar. For example, 50 cents. Use the $ sign and decimal system for larger amounts. For example, $2.50. century Lowercase, spelling out numbers less than 10.
74 chairman, chairwoman Capitalize as a formal title before a name. Do not capitalize as a casual temporary position. Do not use chairperson unless it is an organization’s formal title for an office. Be as gender-specific as possible. channel Capitalize when used with a figure, lowercase elsewhere. For example, She turned to Channel 3. No channel will broadcast the game. chapters Capitalize chapter when used with a numeral in reference to a section of a book or legal code. Always use figures. For example, Chapter 1. Lowercase when standing alone. chat room Lowercase on all references. chief Capitalize as a formal title before a name. Lowercase when it is not a formal title. children In general, call children 15 or younger by their first name on second reference. Use the last name if the seriousness of the story calls for it. For ages 16 and 17, use judgment, but generally go with the surname unless it’s a light-hearted story. Use the surname for those 18 and older. Avoid kid.
Christmas Break Avoid this reference when talking about the university break in December. Use instead Winter Break. cities and towns Capitalize them in all uses. citywide classifications Identify all students by their classification and major. For example, Kelly Burk, mass communications senior. The exception to the classification rule is student athletes, who should be identified by their year and position. For example, Senior Forward Kesha Watson.
75 college Capitalize when part of a proper name, lowercase otherwise. For example, Petree College of Arts and Sciences. committee Do not abbreviate. Capitalize when part of a formal name. For example, the Student Activities Committee hosts the event. Do not capitalize committee in shortened versions of long committee names. For example, the activities committee also hosts Free Movie Night. compact disc CD on all references. composition titles Capitalize the principal words, including prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters. Only capitalize an article – the, a, an – or words of fewer than four letters if it is the first or last word of a title. Put quotation marks around the names of all works.
Constellation, The Always capitalize and italicize the name of the student yearbook. constitution Capitalize references to the U.S. Constitution, with or without the U.S. modifier. When referring to constitutions of other nations or of states, capitalize only with the name of a nation or state. Lowercase in other uses. Lowercase constitutional in all uses. controversial An overused word. Avoid it. corrections Corrections will be written in such a way as not to repeat the original mistake. For example, Kelly Burk, mass communications senior, was incorrectly identified on Page 2 of the April 1, 2005 issue. course names Do not abbreviate course names on first reference. Abbreviations are allowed on second reference as long as the abbreviated name is commonly known on campus. For example, I am taking Biblical Literature this semester. My Bib Lit professor’s name is Jane Doe.
76 course numbers Use numerals and capitalize the subject. For example, Composition 2. council decisions Use figures and a hyphen. For example, the Student Senate voted 10-4 to approve the bill. NOTE: You must always tell who voted the minority and get at least one person quoted as to why they voted in that manner. courtesy titles Avoid courtesy titles. Refer to people by their full name on first reference and second name on secondary references. If two or more people in the story have the same last name, refer to them by their full name on all references. cyberspace Lowercase on all references.
D dad Uppercase only when the noun substitutes for a name as a term of address. For example, Hi, Dad. dates Use Arabic numerals only. Never use st, nd, rd or th. For example: Spring Sing will be at 7 p.m. Oct. 8 in Kirkpatrick Auditorium in Kirkpatrick Fine Arts Center. days of the week Capitalize them. Do not abbreviate.
Dead Day Capitalize the name of the former Friday off from classes.
77 dean Capitalize when used as a formal title before a name. For example, Dean Roberta Olson. Lowercase in other areas. For example, Roberta Olson, dean of the Petree College of Arts and Sciences. Do not use dean on second reference.
OCU’s deans: Dr. David Evans, dean of the Petree College of Arts and Sciences John Bedford, dean of the American School of Dance and Arts Management Dr. Vince Orza, interim dean of the Meinders School of Business Dr. Lawrence Hellman, dean of the Sarkey Law Center Dr. Mark Parker, dean of the Wanda L. Bass School of Music Dr. Marvel Williamson, dean of the Kramer School of Nursing Dr. Mark Davies, dean of the Wimberly School of Religion dean’s list Lowercase in all uses. decades Use figures to indicate decades of history. Use an apostrophe to indicate numerals that are let out. Show plural by adding the letter s. For example, most of you were born in the ‘80s. departments See academic departments. disc Use this spelling except for computer-related references. disc jockey Use DJ on all references. disk Use this spell for the thin, flat plate on which computer data can be stored. doctor Use Dr. on first reference in a formal title. dollars Always lowercase. Use figures and the $ sign. For example, the shirt cost $45. domain names Use full domain names without the www. For example, the newspaper Web site is thecampus.okcu.edu.
78 DVD Use acronym on all references for digital videodisk.
E easygoing e-mail Use on all references to electronic mail. emcee: Lowercase. Use on all references for the master of ceremonies at an event. emeritus Place after the formal title and capitalize. For example, Dean Emeritus John Doe. events Capitalize names of OCU-related events. For example: OCU’s Big Event drew a smaller crowd than organizers expected.
F
Fall Break Official name for university break given during fall semester. Capitalize on all references. fax Acceptable on all references for a facsimile.
79 first lady Not a formal title. Do not capitalize. fiscal year the 12-month period that a corporation or governmental body uses for bookkeeping purposes. flier Preferred term for an aviator or handbill. forward Not forwards.
G gay Acceptable for females and males who are homosexual. gentleman Do not use as a synonym for man. girl Applicable until 18th birthday is reached. After that, use woman.
Google Can be used as a verb for using the Google search engine. Capitalize on all references. For example, I’m going to Google the name.
GPA Acceptable on all references for grade point average.
80 H here Avoid use. Instead tell the reader the location of the event. hip-hop holidays Capitalize all national, regional and university-related holidays. For example, school is out for more than a month during Winter Break.
Homecoming Capitalize on all references. home page honorary degrees Do not use Dr. before the name of people who have honorary degrees.
I
Interfraternal Council
Internet Capitalize on all references. intranet Lowercase the term used for internal computer networks.
81 J
Jr. Only used if the person identifies himself as Jr. For example: Robert Kennedy, Jr. addressed controversial issues in his speech Friday.
K kickoff kids Not interchangeable for children.
L lady Avoid. Not a synonym for woman. languages Capitalize the proper names of languages. lecturer An occupational description, lowercase. lectures Capitalize and use quotation marks for their formal titles as described in composition titles.
82 M magazine names Capitalize the name and italicize it. majors Lowercase majors unless they are languages.
Master of Arts, Master of Science A master’s degree or a master’s is acceptable in any reference. See academic degrees. miles per hour The abbreviation mph is acceptable in all references. millions, billions Use figures and the descriptive word. Do not go past two decimal places. For example, university officials raised $8.64 million last week. mom Uppercase only when the noun substitutes for a name as a term of address. For example, Hi, Mom. months Capitalize the names of months in all uses. For example, Christmas is in December. When a month is used with a specific date, abbreviate Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. For example, my husband’s birthday is Sept. 15. Spell out when using alone, or with a year alone. When a phrase lists only a month and a year, do not separate the year with commas. For example, OCU’s birthday was in September 2004. When a phrase refers to a month, day and year, set off the year with commas. For example, she was born Aug. 15, 2003. more than Use over only in reference to physical location. movie ratings Use Motion Picture Association of America ratings as follows: the movie has an R rating, an R-rated movie, the movie is R-rated. movie titles See composition titles.
83 music Capitalize and put in quotation marks names of songs.
N names Use first and last names on first reference and last names only on second reference. Use middle names sparingly. Use middle initials only if that’s the way the person refers to themselves. newspaper names Capitalize and italicize names of newspapers. nicknames A nickname should be used in place of a person’s given name only when it is the way the individual prefers to be known. For example, Wayne Cheong. When a nickname is inserted into the identification of an individual, use quotation marks. For example, Kelly “Burke” Burk.
No. Use as the abbreviation for number in conjunction with a figure to indicate position or rank. For example, OCU’s women’s basketball team is No. 1 in their division.
Northwest Expressway numerals In general, capitalize numbers 10 and up, lowercase those below. For specific references, see other entries in this stylebook or reference the AP Stylebook.
Native American
84 O
Obscenities, profanities and vulgarities Avoid. Only use if part of a quote and there’s a good reason to use it. Use editorial judgment. occupational titles Always lowercase. See titles.
OCUChats
OCULeads
OCUReads
OCUServes
OCUSpeaks office Capitalize office when it is part of an agency’s formal name. For example, the Office of Student Life. Lowercase all other uses, including second reference-type phrases. For example, you can pick up the form in the Student Life office. offline No hyphen. Lowercase on all references.
OK online No hyphen. Lowercase on all references.
Orientation Week organizations and institutions Capitalize the full names of organizations and institutions. out of bounds But as a modifier: out-of-bounds. For example, the ball went out of bounds. He took an out-of-bounds pass. over Use only in reference to physical location, otherwise use more than.
85 owner Not a formal title. Always lowercase.
P page numbers Use figures and capitalize page. For example, Page 100. parents Use when referring to the couple. Use mother and father when separate. Never use mom and dad unless it is said in a quote. part time, part-time Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier. For example, she works part time. She had a part-time job. percent Use word and figures. For example, she made a 95 percent on the exam.
Ph.D., Ph.D.s The preferred form is to say a person holds a doctorate and name the individual’s area of specialty. See academic degrees.
PIN Acceptable on all references for personal identification number. p.m., a.m. Lowercase, with periods. Avoid the redundant 10 p.m. tonight. porn Acceptable on all references for pornography.
86 president Capitalize president only as a formal title before one or more names. Lowercase in all other uses. For example, President Tom McDaniel lives in Wilson House. All of OCU’s presidents have lived in the house. professor Never abbreviate. Capitalize before a name. Do not continue in second reference unless part of a quotation. See academic titles. provost Formal title. Capitalize before a name. publication names All OCU publication names are capitalized and italicized. Exception: The Campus online
R radio station The call letters alone are frequently adequate, but when this phrase is needed, use lowercase. See call letters. ranges The form: $12 million to $14 million. Not: $12 to $14 million. ratios Use figures and hyphens. For example, the Student Senate voted 10-5 to approve the bill. re-elect, re-election resolutions See Student Senate resolutions.
87 ringtone road Do not abbreviate. See addresses. rock ‘n’ roll room numbers Use figures and capitalize room when used with a figure. For example, the class is in Room 151. rooms Capitalize the names of specially designated rooms. For example, the Scarab Room. Campus rooms worth noting: Alvin’s Café caf – exception always lowercase Goldbug Lounge Scarab Room Leichter Reunion Room Paul Hansen Fitness Center Spalding Room Abe Lemons Arena Studio B Harris Chapel Watson Lounge Studio S Studio D Kerr-McGee Auditorium Kirkpatrick Auditorium Honor’s Study Petree Recital Hall Burg Theater Studio A Studio B Student Leadership Center
R.S.V.P. runner-up, runners-up runoff
88 S
SAT Use acronym when referring to the Scholastic Aptitude Test or the Scholastic Assessment Test. scene numbers Capitalize scene when used with a figure. For example, Scene 1. schools Capitalize when referring the proper name of a school. Ann Lacy School of American Dance and Arts Management. Kramer School of Nursing Meinders School of Business Petree College of Arts and Sciences Wanda L. Bass School of Music Wimberly School of Religion screen saver Two words. Do not capitalize. seasons Lowercase spring, summer, fall and winter. The only exception is when referring to a specific semester, at which time the season is upper case along with the year. For example, Fall 2005 semester. secretary Do not capitalize. semesters Capitalize when coupled with year. For example, Fall 2004 semester. Lowercase when standing alone. For example, in the fall semester. semiannual Twice a year, a synonym for biannual. Do not confuse it with biennial, which means every two years. senators When referring to OCU Student Senators use their name and district. For example, Sen. John Doe (greek) or Senators John Doe (greek) and Jane Doe (religion). server Do not capitalize.
89 software titles Capitalize, but do not use quote marks. song titles See composition titles. spokesman, spokeswoman Be gender specific when discussing a representative. sport utility vehicle SUV is acceptable on all references.
Spring Break The formal title of a week out of school during the spring semester. Always capitalize. street Abbreviate only with a numbered address. See addresses. student Lowercase on all references.
Student Activities Committee The formal name of the OCU Student Senate’s activities committee. Capitalize and spell out on first reference. Use SAC as an acronym on second reference. For example, The Student Activities Committee hosted the event. The SAC event was on campus.
Student ID Use on all references for OCU’s student identification.
Student Senate Capitalize on all references for OCU’s Student Senate. Refer to it as Senate on second reference.
Student Senate bills Always refer to bills of the OCU Student Senate by SB and its official number. For example, the Senate debated SB111.
Student Senate committees Capitalize formal names of all committees of OCU’s Student Senate.
Student Senate resolutions Always refer to resolutions of the OCU Student Senate by SR and its official number. For example, the Senate debated SR111.
90 subcommittee Lowercase when used with the name of a Student Senate body.
SUV Acceptable on all references for sport utility vehicle. syllabus, syllabi
T teammate telephone numbers Use figures. Do not use the area code with a 405 number. television program titles See composition titles. television station The call letters alone are frequently adequate, but when this phrase is needed lowercase. theater Use this spelling unless it is theatre in a proper name.
The Campus online times Use figures followed by a.m. or p.m. For example, 8 p.m. Use midnight and noon. Avoid redundancies like 8 p.m. at night.
Tinseltown Movie theater on all references: Tinseltown, 6001 Martin Luther King Blvd.
91 titles Titles that are after the name are separated by a comma and are lowercase. For example, Bernie Patterson, vice president for academic affairs. Students are identified by name, major and classification. For example, Kelly Burk, mass communications senior. Professors are identified by their name and title. For example, Matt Hamilton, professor of mass communications. Titles that go before the name are capitalized and aren’t separated by a comma. For example, President Tom McDaniel. toward Not towards. trustee A person whom another’s property or the management of another’s property is entrusted. Do not capitalize if used before a name.
The following is a list of the official names and spellings of OCU’s trustees: Dr. Raymond B. Ackerman Dr. Ann Simmons Alspaugh Rev. T. Brian Bakeman James C. Bass Dr. Wanda Bass Henry W. Browne, Jr. Roy W. Chandler Dr. Emmanuel E. Edem Tricia Everest Josephine W. Freede Dr. Gerald L. Gamble Michael Gardner Stephen P. Garrett Jack E. Golsen Mo Grotjohn Carol M. Hansen Bishop Robert Hayes, Jr. Gary Homsey J.R. Homsey, Jr. Ann Hoover Dr. Lou Kerr Sigrid Krause Dr. Ann Lacy Dr. Kurt Leichter Judy Love Dr. Clara Luper Herman Meinders Steve E. Moore
92 Dr. Ronald J. Norick Dr. Tal Oden Hon. Marian P. Opala Morris Permenter Dr. Terry Phelps Rev. Dan Pulver Dr. George R. Randall John Richels Patrick T. Rooney Robert J. Ross Linda Kennedy Rosser William F. Shdeed Jeannette Sias Dr. Jeanne Hoffman Smith Rev. B. Craig Stinson Dr. Paul B. Stasbaugh Dr. Jerry B. Vannatta Marianne Vannatta Gen. James L. Wade Rev. David M. Wilson Dr. Sanford Wylie, Jr.
T-shirt
TV Acceptable on all references.
U university Do not capitalize unless part of a formal name, even when referring to OCU as the university. university-church relations upward Not upwards.
93 V
VCR Acceptable on all references for videocassette recorder. versus Use v. when talking about opposing sides. For example, OCU v. Oklahoma Christian University. vice president Capitalize before a name. Lowercase after name. Use only on first reference.
OCU’s vice presidents: Dr. Bernie Patterson, vice president for academic affairs or provost Mary Coffey, vice president for administration and finance Art Cotton, vice president for institutional advancement Dr. Rick Hall, vice president for student affairs Rev. Maggie Ball, vice president for university-church relations vote tabulations Always use figures for totals. For example, the Student Senate voted 20-5 against the bill.
W waiter (male) waitress (female) war Capitalize when used as part of the name for a specific conflict. For example, the Civil War.
Web site weekend weeklong One word as an adjective.
94 weights Use figures. well-being
Winter Break Formal name for the month-long holiday given during December. Capitalize on all references. word-of-mouth (n. and adj.)
World Wide Web Capitalize on all references, include second reference as the Web.
X
Xerox A trademark for a brand of photocopy machine. Never a verb. Use a generic term, such as photocopy.
X-ray (n., v. and adj.) Use for both the photographic process and the radiation particles themselves.
Y year-end (adj.) yearlong
95 years Use figures, without commas: 1975. Use an s without an apostrophe to indicate spans of decades or centuries: the 1890s, the 1800s. Years are the lone exception to the general rule in numerals that a figure is not used to start a sentence: 1976 was a very good year. See A.D.; B.C.; centuries; historical periods and events; and months. yellow journalism The use of cheaply sensational methods to attract or influence readers. The term comes from the “Yellow Kid,” a comic strip, in the New York World in 1895.
Yellow Pages Capitalize in describing the business telephone directory. yesterday Use only in direct quotations and in phrases that do not refer to a specific day. For example, yesterday we were young. Use the day of the week in other cases. yesteryear youth Applicable to boys and girls from age 13 until 18th birthday. Use man or woman for individuals 18 and older. Never use kid to refer to children. Instead say children or child. yo-yo Formerly a trademark, now a generic term. yule, yuletide
Z zero, zeroes
96 ZIP code Use all-caps ZIP for Zoning Improvement Plan, but always lowercase the word code. Run the five digits together without a comma, and do not put a comma between the state name and the ZIP code. For example, OCU is in Oklahoma City, OK 73106.
97
Glossary
98 A absolute privilege The right of legislators, judges and other public officials to speak without threat of libel when carrying out their duties. actual malice Reckless disregard of the truth. Printing something you know to be false. advance A story outlining a future event. agate The name of small type (typically 5.5) used in sections of the newspaper such as stock reports and scoreboards. air White space used in a story design. angle The approach or focus of a story. Also known as the “peg.”
AP The abbreviation for the Associated Press.
AP Stylebook The abbreviation for the Associated Press Stylebook. ascender The vertical portion of a lower case character which extends above the height of a lower case “x.” assignment A job given to a journalist by an editor.
Associated Press The world’s oldest and largest newsgathering organization. Serves as the main source of syndicated news and authors the stylebook that is the foundation for all newspaper writing.
Associated Press Stylebook The journalist’s Bible. It is the essential tool for writers and editors, offering guidelines on spelling, usage, grammar, and punctuation.
99 attribute A line identifying the source of a quote.
B background Information given to a reporter to explain more about the situation and details of a story. banner Running a story across the entire width of a page. banner ad An advertisement stripped across the top or bottom of a Web page. bar chart A chart comparing statistical values by depicting them as bars. baseline An imaginary line on which capital letters and lower case letters such as “e” and “u” rest. bastard measure Any non-standard width for a column of text. beat The area of coverage that a reporter is assigned. bias Unfairly favoring one side over another when writing a story. bleed Any item on a page which continues to the edge with no margin. blend A mixture of two colors that fade gradually from one tint to another.
100 blotter Newsroom slang for a police report. blurb Brief introduction to the reader, usually following the headline. body type Type set to be read in long blocks. Body type is generally between 9 and 14 points. boldface Type which appears darker than surrounding type of the same family. It is used for emphasis. border A rule used to form a box or to edge a photograph. box A ruled border around a story or art. break When a story is first published… being first. brief A short news story. brite A short, amusing news story. broadsheet A full-size newspaper, measuring roughly 14 by 23 inches. budget A roundup of stories by each department of a newsroom which is then discussed a news meetings as editors plan coverage. bullet A large dot or symbol used to emphasize an item in a list. bug Another term for a sig or logo used to label a story; often indented into the text. bump To move the position or timing of a story.
101 bumping/butting heads Headlines from adjacent stories that collide with each other. Should be avoided when possible. Also called “tombstoning.” bureau A newsgathering office separate from the main newsroom. byline A journalist’s name at the beginning of a story.
C camera ready Material prepared to be run on the press. cap Upper case caption Text printed below a picture used to describe it and who took it. Also called a “cutline.” centered Type set centered on a given margin with uneven margins on both sides. character A typeset letter, numeral or punctuation mark. chickens A term of endearment Kenna uses for the staff, referring to them being like her children and her, of course, being the protective “mother hen.”
Chihuahua A nickname Kenna calls Nathan because he’s always “yipping” in her ear. circulation Number of newspapers distributed.
102 citizen journalism Term used to describe the reporting of news events by members of the public. classified advertising Advertising placed by individuals in newspapers. Usually a few lines and run grouped with ads selling similar products/services. clip A story taken (cut or clipped) from a newspaper. clip art Copyright-free images you can modify and print as often as you like.
CMYK An acronym for cyan, magenta, yellow and black – the four ink colors used in color printing. color Adding description to a story. column A regular feature written by the same person, a “columnist,” who tells his/her opinion on a topic. Usually runs with a small photo called a “mug.” column A vertical stack of text. column inch A way to measure the depth of text or ads. It’s an area once column wide and one inch deep. column logo A graphic device that labels regularly appearing material by packaging the writer’s name, the column’s name and a small mug or drawing of the writer. column rule A vertical line separating stories or running between legs within a story. condensed type Type set narrower than the regular version. conflict of interest A situation where a journalist’s personal interests affect the coverage of a story. continuation line Type telling the reader that a story continues on another page.
103 convergence The term used for multimedia newsrooms producing news for different publishing platforms. copy Main text of a story. copy block A small chunk of text accompanying a photo spread or introducing a special package. copyright Legal protection for stories, photos or artwork, to discourage unauthorized reproduction. cover To gather news about an event. coverline Captions or titles on a magazine cover. cover story Leading story used on the front cover of a magazine or tabloid. cow The term Kenna uses for a story that is too big to handle and must be digested into small pieces or focused to make it manageable. cq A phrase inserted to a story but not printed to advise copy editors that information like addresses or phone numbers have been checked. credibility The public’s perception of the reliability of a reporter or news outlet. crop To trim the shape or composition of a photo before it runs in the paper. cub A new or rookie reporter. cut To remove text; delete part of a story.
104 cutline Explanatory text accompanying a photograph or illustration. Also called a “caption.” cutout A photo where the background has been removed, leaving on the main subject.
D daily A newspaper that publishes every day. dateline A line at the beginning of a story stating the date and the location. deadline The time at which an editor requests a journalist finish an assignment. deck Part of the headline that summarizes the story. defamation Information that is written by one person which damages another person’s reputation. descender The parts of the characters sticking below the baseline in lowercase letters such as “p” and “y.” dig To question or investigate in depth. dingbats Decorative type characters (such as bullets, starts, etc.) used for emphasis or effect.
105 direct quote The exact reproduction of a verbatim quote in quote marks and correctly attributed. display type Type set to be read in small blocks. Display type is generally set larger than 14 points. doglegs L-shaped columns of text that wrap around art, ads or other stories. double truck Two facing pages on the same sheet of newsprint, treated as one unit. downstyle A headline style that capitalizes only the first word and proper noun. draft An early version of a story, before it’s rewritten and polished for publication. drop head A small headline running below the main headline. Also called a “deck.” drop shadow A thin shadow effect added to characters in a headline. dummy A small, detailed page diagram showing where all elements go.
E editorial An unsigned statement on a topic or issue written to represent the views of the newspaper’s editorial staff. editorialize To write in an opinionated way.
106 exclusive A story reported by only one news outlet. Also called a “scoop.” expanded type Type set wider than the regular version.
F fair comment and criticism The right of journalists to print their opinions on the performance of public figures or entertainers. feature A longer, more in-depth article that uses narrative story telling. fetch The act of gathering/carrying items to and from Kenna’s car. filler A small story or graphic element used to fill space on a page.
Finish the Paper What Kenna says to the staff when it’s time for them to stop goofing off and get the paper done.
Finish the Yearbook What Kenna says to the staff when it’s time for them to stop goofing off and get a yearbook deadline done. flag The name of a newspaper as it’s displayed on Page 1. Also called a “nameplate.” float To dummy a photo or headline in an empty space so that it looks good to the designer, but looks awkward and unaligned to everyone else. flush left Type set with a straight left margin and a ragged right margin.
107 flush right Type set with a straight right margin and a ragged left margin. folio In a newspaper, type at the top of an inside page giving the newspaper’s name, date and page number. In a yearbook, type at the top or bottom of the page giving the book’s name, theme and page number. follow-up An update on a previous story. font A typeface font family All the type sizes and styles of the typeface. four-color The printing process that combines cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow and black to produce full-color photos and artwork. frames Web design tools that divide pages into separate, scrollable modules.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) A 1966 law requiring federal agencies to make most of their records available to the public upon request. freelancer Someone who writes stories on a contracted basis and is paid per story. full frame The entire image area of a photograph.
G
GNPIP Short for “Get News, Put In Paper,” the basic function of all journalists.
108 general assignment Where a reporter covers a wide range of stories rather than focusing on a specific beat.
Golden Chihuahua A nickname Alaina gave Nathan, referring to him being a “golden child” and Kenna’s Chihuahua. graf A paragraph graph Statistical information presented visually, using lines or bars to represent values. grayscale A scan of a photograph or artwork that uses shades of gray. grid The underlying pattern of lines forming the framework of a page. These also help to align elements on a page. gutter The space running vertically between columns. In a yearbook, also know as the space in the fold or bend of the book.
H hairline The thinnest rule used in newspapers. hanging indent Type set with the first line flush left and all other lines in that paragraph indented. hard copy When the article is printed out on paper. hard news Factual coverage of serious events.
109 header A special label for any regularly appearing section, page or story. Also called a “standing head.” headline Text which identifies the subject of related copy. hits Number of visits to a Web site or a particular page of a site. hole An unanswered question in a story. homepage The front page of a Web site.
I image Any photo, illustration or imported graphic displayed on a page. image size The physical dimensions of the final scanned image. indent A part of a column set in a narrower width. index An alphabetized list of contents and their page numbers. infographic Newsroom slang for “information graphic,” any map, chart or diagram used to analyze an event, object or place. initial cap An oversized character used at the beginning of a block of text.
110 inset Art or text set inside other art or text. invasion of privacy Violating a person’s right to be left alone. inverted pyramid A news story structure that presents the most important information first. italic Type with a less formal look and with more slant than “roman” type.
J jargon Specialized technical or bureaucratic language that’s often confusing or meaningless to ordinary people. Jargon should be avoided in news stories. journalism The business and craft of producing content for the news media. jump To continue a story on another page. Also, text that’s been continued on another page. jump headline A special headline treatment reserved for stories continued from another page. jump line Type telling the reader that a story is continued from another page. justification Type set with both straight right and left margins. This is the method of justification used in most newspaper and magazine copy.
111 K kerning Adjustment of horizontal space between two written characters. kicker The first sentence or first few words of a story’s lead, set in a font size larger than the body text of the story. kill To cancel or delete a story.
L layout How the page is designed and formatted. lead The first sentence or paragraph of a story. lead-in A word or phrase in contrasting type that precedes a cutline, headline or text. leading The vertical space between two lines. leading questions A question that contains a predicted answer within the question or gives insight to the source about what the reporter’s opinion is on the topic or what the reporter thinks is the correct answer. lead story The story with the biggest display on Page 1. leg A column of text.
112 legibility The ease with which type characters can be read. letterspace The space between individual letters. libel Publishing a false statement that maliciously or carelessly damages someone’s reputation. ligature When two or three characters join as one. line art An image comprised of solid black and white – no gray tones. line chart A chart connecting points on a graph to show changing quantities over time.
Little Editor’s Room The bathroom localizing Providing a community angle on a national story by discussing its connection to local people, issues or events.
Logan County Bureau Kenna’s house. Also known as the “LCB.” logo A word or name that’s stylized in a graphic way. lowercase Small characters of type.
113 M margin The space between elements. masthead A block of information, including staff names and publication data, often printed on the editorial page. measure The width of a headline or column of text. modular layout A design system that views a page as a stack of rectangles. morgue A news library where published stories and photos are stored for reference. mug shot A small photo showing a person’s face. Often called a “mug.” multimedia Term used to describe a range of different delivery formats such as video, audio, text and images, often presented simultaneously on the Internet.
N nameplate The name of a newspaper as it’s displayed on Page 1. Also called a “flag.” navigation Structure that helps web users move around a Web site. nutgraph Paragraph containing the essential elements of a story.
114 O obit Short for “obituary.” A short story about someone who died. off the record Information that is given by a source that is not for disclosure. on the record Information given by a source that can be used in an article. All information is on the record once a reporter identifies themselves. op-ed A feature, usually by a prominent journalist, present an opinionated story. open-ended question A question phrased in a way that encourages a source to give an in-depth answer. open-meeting laws State and federal laws that guarantee the public access to meetings of public bodies. open-records laws State and federal laws that guarantee the public access to records of public bodies. orphan First line of a paragraph appearing on the last line of a column of text. Normally avoided. overline A small headline that runs above a photo; usually used with stand-alone art.
P package A story that uses multiple points of entry to make complex topics more accessible and visually appealing to readers.
115 pad To lengthen a story by adding unnecessary information. pagination The process of generating a page on a computer.
Paprika A common kitchen spice that Kenna uses to describe putting “color” in news stories. paraphrase An indirect quote that summarizes, in your own words, what someone else said. partial quote A section or fragment of a longer quote that you insert into another sentence. photo credit A line that tells who shot a photograph. pica A unit of measurement used by printers equal to one-sixth of an inch. pitch Submitting a story idea to an editor for consideration. pixel The smallest dot you can draw on a computer screen. plagiarism Passing off someone else’s words or ideas as your own. play The emphasis given to a story or an element within a story. point A unit of measurement used by printers. There are 72 points per inch and 12 points in a pica. process color One of the four standard colors used to produce full-color photos and artwork – cyan, magenta, yellow or black. proof Copy of paginated page ready to be corrected.
116 proofread To check a proof for final errors that need correcting before the page goes to press. privilege A journalistic defense against libel that allows reporters to print what’s said in legislative or judicial proceedings, to express opinions or to review public performances. profile A feature story that uses interviews and observations to paint a picture of someone. public figure A person who has acquired fame or notoriety. public official A person who holds a public office. puff piece A flattering story written to provide gratuitous publicity. pull quote A graphic element created from text using a quote pulled for a story and printed in a point size significantly larger than the text size and set off from the text. punkins A term of endearment Kenna uses to address the staff.
Q
Q and A An interview printed in question-and-answer form. quote Record of what a source or interviewee has said.
117 R ragged right Type that is not justified. The left edge of all the lines is even, but the right edge is uneven. rate card A list of advertising rates provided by a publisher. readership The estimated number of readers who view a publication. refer (pronounced: reefer) A line or paragraph, often given graphic treatment, referring to a related story elsewhere in the paper. register To align different color plates or overlays so they’re perfectly positions when they print. reporter Someone who researches and writes news stories. resolution the quality of digital detail in an image, depending upon its number of dots per inch. retraction A withdrawal of a previously published story or fact. reverse White type printed on a black or colored background. roman A type style that is not italic. rule A printing term for a straight line. run To publish a story. runaround Text that wraps around an image. Also called a “wrap.”
118 S sans serif A font without “feet.” scale To reduce or enlarge artwork or photographs. scoop An exclusive or first-published story. second-day story A “follow-up” story that provides additional details about an event that was previously covered. series Two or more stories on the same topic, usually published in a scheduled sequence. serif A font with “feet.” server A computer that hosts the pages of a Web site or stores other documents. shovelware A condescending term for dumping information onto your Web site without changing its format or enhancing its content. sidebar A small story accompanying a bigger story on the same topic. sig A small standing head that labels a regularly appearing column or feature. skybox Boxed teasers that run above the flag on Page 1. skyline Teasers that run above the flag on Page 1 that are not boxed. slug The name given to a story for newsroom use.
119 small caps Type set in all capital letters which have the same x-height as lowercase letters. soft news Stories that are lighter and less urgent than serious breaking news events. source An individual who provides information for a story. spot color One or more colors used on a page but not for a full-color photo. spread A large page layout. stand-alone photo A photo that doesn’t accompany a story, usually boxed to show it stands alone. Also called “wild art.” standing head A special label for any regularly appearing section, page or story. Also called a “header.” stet A proofreader’s mark for “restore to condition before mark up,” in other words, to ignore the marked correction. stress The thickness of a letter’s stroke. style A publication’s standardized set of rules and guidelines. style sheets Coding formats that can be applied instantly to selected text in desktop publishing programs. subhead A smaller headline that elaborates on what the main headline means. summary deck A special form of deck, smaller and wordier than most, that capsulizes the main points of a story.
120 T table A graphic or sidebar that stacks words or numbers in rows so readers can compare data. tabloid A newspaper format that’s roughly half the size of a broadsheet. tagline A paragraph at the end of the story that gives a reporter’s e-mail address and/or telephone number. teaser An eye-catching graphic element that promotes content either somewhere else in the publication or on a Web site. Also called a “promo.” tombstoning Stacking two headlines side by side so that they collide with each other. Also called “bumping” or “butting” heads. transition A word or phrase used by a writer to move a story from one point or idea to another. tripod A headline that uses a big, bold word or phrase and two smaller lines of deck squaring off alongside. typeface A family of fonts. typo A typesetting mistake. typography The study of type.
121 U underscore To run a rule below a line of type. uppercase Type using capital letters.
W weight The boldness of type, based on the thickness of its characters. well Stacking ads on both edges of the page, forming a deep trough for stories in the middle. widow A word or phrase that makes up the last line of text in a paragraph. word space The space between individual words. wraparound Text that’s indented around a photo or artwork. Also called a “runaround.”
122 X x-height The height of the lowercase “x.” It is the x-height that conveys the visual impression of the type size.
Y yellow journalism Reporting that is sleazy or sensational.
123
Training/Appendixes
124 Fact vs. Opinion
Fact – a piece of information presented as having objective reality
Opinion – a view, judgment or appraisal formed in the mind about a particular matter
Opinion in a News Story
The paper’s opinions are for the editorial page alone. They do not carry over to the news pages. If a newspaper is to maintain its credibility with readers, news and opinion must stay separate. Most papers go so far as to have a strict separation of its news and opinion staffs. Editorial writers don’t write news stories, and reporters don’t write editorials.
News vs. Editorial
There is another division that warrants discussion: the one within the editorial department that separates news from opinion. Opinion, of course, shows up throughout the newspaper in columns, which express personal views, and in reviews, such as those of movies, music, restaurants, theater, and television. Those are marked either as criticism or with the author’s photograph better with a byline. It’s the newspaper’s institutional views, as formulated and expressed by the editorial board, that the paper keeps separate from its news reporting. So, when you see an editorial praising or criticizing Student Senate, don’t expect the Page 1 account of that issue to contain similar judgmental language. The two sections, news and editorial, are quite separate, written by people in different sections of the paper.
Other Places for Opinion
Our goal is to serve as a public forum for student opinion. To that end, not only do we publish a wide variety of viewpoints on the editorial page, but we have message boards and commentary slots on our Web site. Anyone can comment on almost any article posted on the site. After all, our goal is to serve as a public forum, to encourage debate and present new ideas.
Editorial Board
The newspaper’s editorial board decided the positions taken in the staff editorials. While perhaps not as diverse as the campus, they do come from a variety of backgrounds and viewpoints. Discussion around an editorial topic is often lively and spirited. The editor or adviser chairs the editorial board meetings. The editorial board consists of the paper’s top editors. They don’t sign the editorials they write, because editorials express the collective thoughts of the board rather than those of one individual. Editorial board members meet each
125 afternoon on days before the paper comes out to discuss the stories, photos and artwork that will appear in the next edition. Those meetings are open to the public by appointment. When deciding on editorial opinions, majority rules, but most opinions reflect the vast majority of the opinions of the editorial board. The editor has the final say if the group cannot come to consensus.
Editorial Topics
The topics chosen for editorials often reflect discussion of people and events going on around campus, issues that are important to students. Generally, an editorial writers proposes a stand, which should reflect thorough research and weighing of the facts. The board then debates the issue before nailing down a position. After hearing all sides of the issue, the board always should be asking itself: “What is in the best interest of our primary audience, the student body?”
A Public Forum
But the editorial page isn’t just a forum for staff opinion. Indeed, the staff editorial is but one item on the editorial page. The Campus is a public forum for student opinion. As such, guest, columns, letters to the editor, and other items appear on the page daily to reflect the wide array of viewpoints on campus.
Separation from Business
All newspapers are businesses, even The Campus. The newspaper makes money, mainly by selling advertising. The newsroom, however, operates completely separate from the business side of the operation. The newsroom has nothing to do with advertising. It’s the separation that may cause you to sometimes see news reports revealing unflattering information about a frequent advertiser – or detailing the accomplishments of a business that never advertisers. The separation of the news coverage from the newspaper’s financial interest is necessary to protect the paper’s credibility.
126 Finding Story Ideas
Story ideas are everywhere. There is no shortage of things to report about. The following is a list of tips for finding story ideas:
– Remember people. People like to read about other people. Tell stories about people themselves, or find a person who represents or is affected by an issue and tell the story through them. – Brainstorm. Discuss ideas for stories with friends, family members, coworkers, or regular readers. Think about what you want to know more about. Develop ideas from there. – Check the morgue. What has been written? Develop the story further for a follow-up or look for a new angle. Do this with your publication’s stories and those from other publications. – Observe. Look at bulletin boards. Pay attention when you’re driving or walking around. Does anything make you curious? Anything that evokes curiosity is news. – Eavesdrop. You can’t record it, but you can listen for ideas and develop them from what you hear. – Borrow from other publications. The key to “borrowing” a story from another medium is and making it your own is to anticipate what is next. Don’t write what’s already been written. Give the reader something new. Here are some helpful links for finding other publications: - A list of all College Publisher sites: http://www.ocustupub.com/channel/network - Search The Oklahoman archives for OCU news: http://www.okcu.edu/library/ - click on News Bank – Localize national news. Is there a national story that you can apply to your area? Look at local angles to all stories, not only what are the officials saying, but what are the reactions from the people who live there? Check out these sites for national issues that affect college students: http://www.insidehighered.com/ – Follow issues and trends. When you write issue stories, make sure you have a narrow focus. Focus the story on one aspect of the problem and localize it.
127 16 Ways to Produce a Great College Newspaper
1. Train. Training is essential. If your newspaper doesn’t already have a comprehensive newsroom training program, create one. If you already train your staff, add more training.
2. Vigorous editorial leadership. Stop “out of the box,” scrub the status quo, be different, don’t be afraid to make mistakes, but when you do correct them promptly. Lead by example.
3. Network with the pros. Find ways for your staff to get to know professionals from local media. Getting involved can help with problems now and provide good contacts for internships and jobs down the line.
4. Widespread campus coverage. Don’t just cover student government and athletics; develop extensive beats – assign staffers to every segment of college life. Names make news – don’t be reluctant to print students’ names.
5. Aggressive editorial voice. Get facts before you criticize. Don’t be afraid to condemn or reluctant to praise. Once you’ve editorialized, don’t forget what you said. If no satisfactory action is taken, repeat your editorial stance in a condensed form.
6. Break big news. Don’t stop at one simple story when big news happens – go all the way.
7. Have great visuals. Excellent visuals/strong photojournalism and page design. Visual staffers must be included in story conferences with the word people. Package stories in ways that make them appealing to your readers.
8. Use public records. Have reporters check legal filings, accreditation reports, police reports, and other public documents on a regular basis. You should always be looking for trends, suspicious activity and other potential news.
9. Humanize feature profiles. Bring your profiles to life and tell what makes the story subjects tick. Make your readers feel like they know a person when they’ve read a personality profile.
10. Mine your sources. The best stories come from beating the pavement and talking to sources. Get out of the office and find the good stuff.
128 11. Write attractive headlines. Demand headlines that invite readership, but don’t sacrifice credibility in the process.
12. Make online special. Many college newspapers fail to take advantage of their online product. That makes it easier for your newspaper’s online site to stand out and win awards. In addition to posting Web-exclusive content, publish documents related to stories and photo galleries of images that you couldn’t fit in the paper. Also, don’t forget to take advantage of the technology with podcasting, blogging and photo slideshows.
13. Communicate with your readers and with your staff. Set ambitious goals for the newspaper and let the readers and your staff know how well you’re progressing toward these goals.
14. Push projects. Go beyond day-to-day coverage with special projects, series, special sections, and enterprise stories. If a big story breaks on campus or an important issue is brewing, urge the staff to do an in-depth report. Learn how to plan and project and take a deeper look at a subject.
15. Do the right thing. Be fair and ethical in all dealings with the public and with the readers. Correct your errors promptly and prominently.
16. Plan ahead. Don’t just fill the space you’re allocated. Make every inch count toward and excellent product. Start at least a week before an issue is published and decide what you will feature. Schedule timeless features, personality profiles, probably news stories. Then every day review, update and reprioritize the content.
129 Covering Student Senate
The following is a list of tips for covering Student Senate meetings: • Know when and where. Always double check where the meeting will be hosted and when it will start. • Know the key items on the agenda. Since Senate doesn’t put out agendas until right before the meeting, this could mean just asking your editor or senators. Do this in advance of the meeting. • Research the key items. Covering Senate (or any meeting) isn’t about just showing up. Once you ask about key items on the agenda, research them in advance so that you aren’t lost during the meeting. • Ask what key players expect. It’s ok to ask key players to speculate and comment on what they think will happen at the meeting. Do this in advance to add “color” to your final story. • Get an agenda. As soon as you get to the meeting get an agenda. This will help you follow along as they go. • Know the major players. You don’t have to know the entire Senate, but it’s important to be able to recognize members of the executive committee and those who have bills on the table or tend to speak up on a lot of issues. This will make it easier to get quotes from the meeting and to follow along. • Draw a chart. Draw a diagram of the people on a board or body and spell all of their names correctly and write their official titles so you know exactly who is saying what without having to write their entire name every time. This is helpful in a lot of meetings, but may be difficult based on how the Senate sits during meetings. • Be on time. Actually, be early. It’s good to go early, introduce yourself to others at the meeting and chat with the people you know you’ll need to interview later. • Attend the entire meeting. Never leave early. Leaving before the business is over makes it likely that you will miss part of the news. Get to the event early and talk to people, talk to people afterward too. Walk out when people do during the meeting if you need an interview. It’s not over until it’s over. Never put up your pencil and paper until you are in your car. Some of the best stuff happens after the meeting or in the parking lot. • Take good notes. Be sure to take good notes on all issues, even if you don’t think they’re the most important things. It’s always better to have things you don’t need than be missing something you do. It may be helpful to develop your own shorthand for these types of things. • Note surroundings. Take notes about people’s actions and their surroundings. You don’t have to use them, but it’s nice to have them if you need them. • Cover everyone. Cover the event, but not just what the main people are doing. Notice how many people are in the audience. If
130 it’s standing-room-only, that is newsworthy. If there aren’t many people, where are they? Do people not care about this issue? Could you bring up the fact that the meeting was not at its regular time or place? • Get all of the votes. Be sure you take good records of each vote, including votes in favor, against and abstentions. If one or two people vote differently than the rest of the body, you need to ask them why. • Don’t participate. Never ask questions during the meeting. You are there to observe, not to participate. • Get interviews quick. Grab interviews right after the meeting before the people you need leave. This will seem hectic at the time, but it will save you time in the long run and help you meet deadline. • Get follow-up numbers. Even though you interview sources after the meeting, be sure to get follow-up numbers in case you have more questions while you’re writing. • Surrounding yourself with news. Sit in the middle of the crowd, close to the front. Surround yourself by the people who are the story. Avoid reporter tables unless they make you sit there. It separates you from the audience. • Be prepared. Prepare questions beforehand and don’t leave until they are all answered. Make a running list of additional questions you need to ask. Get to the important people fast before they leave. Listen to other people’s questions and use them in your story.
131 Writing about Senate
The following is a list of tips for writing Student Senate stories: • Prepare a shell. Write a shell story before the meeting that includes key issues. This takes some practice, but can help you just need to plug in the vote numbers after the meeting. • Don’t wait. Write the story quickly after the meeting. You’ll lose the momentum you got in the meeting and forget what the key issues were all about if you don’t. • Avoid writing about meetings. The meeting is never the story. Nobody cares that a board or committee met, they care about what happened at the meeting. Focus each meeting story on the single biggest issue in the meeting. • Write about people. Once you determine what the biggest issue of the meeting was, find the person behind that story. • Include votes. Make sure to include vote totals on any issue that you discuss in the story. • Report the why. If a small number of people votes opposite of the rest of the Senate, you need to report why. Usually the rule is two or three voting opposite of everyone else… you need to interview at least one of those people, but name them all. • Identify senators correctly. Identify all senators named in the story. Be able to identify all senators by their name and district. For example, Bryce Richardson (Greek). The executive board is identified by their title. For example, President Juan Gil. • Include all items of interest. Bullet less important items (but things that impact a lot of people, we’ve reported about before or you know people are interested in) at the end of the story. Put them after something like “At the same meeting:” or “In related news:”. • Write what’s needed. Be willing to write more than one story if necessary. Some of the events you cover may warrant more than one story. Some of the subsequent stories will run following days and give more or new information about the event or trend. Others will run the same day with a main story and a sidebar.
132 Roberts Rules of Order Cheat Sheet
Robert’s Rules of Order is the oldest and most commonly used guide to parliamentary procedure, a set of rules for conduct at meetings that allows everyone to be heard and to make decisions without confusion. The original book dates back to 1915. Because of its age, the book has been adapted many times and has specific rules about meeting processes, making it confusing to some.
The following the structure of a typical meeting using this method.
1. Call to order. 2. Roll call of members present. 3. Reading of the minutes of the last meeting. • Meeting leader typically will ask if there are any additions or changes to the minutes. • This typically will be followed by a vote to approve the minutes. 4. Officers’ reports • These are simply updates and do not include votes. 5. Committee reports • These also are updates and do not include votes. 6. Old business • This is important business previously planned for discussion at the current meeting. • This can include items that were discussed at the last meeting, but more information was needed or they weren’t on the agenda for a vote. • Old business can include votes. 7. Regular business • This is any item listed on the agenda as regular business for the body to discuss. • The body can vote on each issue listed on the agenda. • The body cannot vote on any item not listed on the agenda. • The body also can vote to table discussion of any item until a later meeting, but they must either set a date for more discussion or postpone indefinitely. 8. New business • Any new business before the body that requires a vote. • This must also include a description on the agenda. 9. Announcements • These are announcements from the body, but do not include votes. 10. Adjournment • The meeting leader will move for adjournment, signifying the end of the meeting.
133 Motions are typical methods used by members of a body to express themselves during a meeting. A motion is a proposal that the entire membership can take action on. There are six basic types of motions: • Main Motions: • Introduces items to the membership for their consideration. • They cannot be made when any other motion is on the floor. • Subsidiary Motions: • Change or affect how a main motion is handled, and is voted on before a main motion. • Privileged Motions: • Bring up items that are urgent about special or important matters unrelated to pending business. • Incidental Motions: • Provide a means of questioning procedure concerning other motions and must be considered before the other motion. • Motion to Table: • Used in the attempt to "kill" a motion. • Motion to Postpone: • This is often used as a means of parliamentary strategy and allows opponents of motion to test their strength without an actual vote being taken. • Also, debate is once again open on the main motion. • This can be a postponement until a set date or indefinitely.
Motions are presented by: • Obtaining the floor • Wait until the last speaker has finished. • Rise and address the Chairman by saying, "Mr. Chairman, or Mr. President." • Wait until the Chairman recognizes you. • Make Your Motion using “move that we.” • Wait for Someone to Second Your Motion • Another member will second your motion or the Chairman will call for a second. • If there is no second to your motion it is lost.
134 Tips for Preparing Web Copy
The following is a list of tips for preparing online copy: • Get a quote. Just because a story is online doesn’t mean it doesn’t need to include students. All stories should be student-focused and include at least one student quote. • Repair/Prepare the headline. Always write or rewrite a headline for the story. Only the first word in the headline should be in caps. It should not include “OCU.” It should include an action verb. No “be” verbs please. • Identify a writer. Remember to give the person who wrote the story credit for doing so. • Drop the dateline. The only time an online story should include a dateline is if the reporter actually went to a certain location and reported from the field at that location. Otherwise, remove all datelines from stories. • Shout “OCU.” Take out all references to “Oklahoma City University” and replace them with “OCU.” Only use these references if necessary. • Attribute appropriately. All students should be identified by their classification and major. For example, Tiffany Jensen, mass communications senior. Exceptions are athletes who are identified by their year and position (Freshman Forward Jon Dough) or student senators who are identified by their seat, i.e. Sen. Jon Dough (Greek). • Cut fluff. Eliminate all unnecessary or exceedingly long quotes from press releases. However, be careful not to eliminate first references to sources. • Include a next step. Give the online reader a place to go for more information. Include phone numbers or other sites they can visit. • Format dates. Dates online should include the day of the week and the date for an event, but not the year. For example, Wednesday, Jan. 31. • Remember the area code. Because not everyone looking at the site is from Oklahoma City, it is important to include (405) before all phone numbers on the site. • Lose the ID. All press releases will include an “organizational identification statement.” This tells a little bit more about the department or institution. For example, OCU is a United Methodist University… Delete it.
135 Working the Web site
The following is a list of common functions you will need to understand on the Web site. To complete any of the actions, you must first visit ocustupub.com/admin. Your “staff e-mail” is your campus e-mail address. Your password is the last four digits of your social.
All pages
On every page you can: • Check which issue you are working on by looking at the banner across the top of the page. . If you would like to change the issue, click “switch” and choose the issue you wish to work on. . If the issue you want to work on isn’t present, you’ll need to create a new issue. • Look at the active site by clicking the underlined web address. • Preview any changes by clicking the “preview” button. • Review online help pages by clicking the “online help” button.
Home
On the “home” page you can:
• Create a new issue . Click “new issue.” . Type the date of the issue as mm/dd/yy. . Click the “create issue” button. . Only do this if the issue is not already present. . Always check first to make sure another staff hasn’t already created the issue.
• Add an article . Use the drop-down menu to select the issue the story needs to go in. . Use the next drop-down menu to select the section where you would like the story to appear. . Use the “priority” drop-down menu to define the order of importance of your story. NOTE: You may want to play with this and the “preview” button to get your story where you want it on the page. . Use the “author” drop-down menu to choose the author. If the entry is “submitted,” choose “other author” and type “submitted” into the next box. Do the same thing if the staffer’s name does not appear in the drop-down menu. . Enter a headline in the “headline” field.
136 . Enter a subhead in the “subhead” field only if the story will go on the home page. Stories that go on featured pages do not require subheads. NOTE: Headlines and subheads should be copied from Word documents so their spelling is guaranteed. . Copy and paste the story from a Word document into the “body text” box. NOTE: Never type a story or any of its contents straight into the box. . Choose “run all” at the top of the “body text” box. This will take out extra white space, double space and add an auto summary to the story. NOTE: Be sure there are no tabs in the story and that the “auto format” button at the bottom of the “body text” box is checked. . Use the “related sites” section to send the reader to any sites that compliment the story. To do this click “add new” and enter the site’s full URL. Click “ok.” It will then ask you to enter the site’s official name. Do that and click “ok” again. NOTE: You can remove any incorrect sites by highlighting the site and clicking “remove selected.” . Check the “complete” box on the top right of the screen. . Check the “lead” or “feature” box on the top right of the screen, depending on where you want the story to go. The “lead” box means the story will go on the home page as well as the section page identified earlier. The “feature” box means the story will go only on the section page. . Check the “syndicated” box on the top right of the screen. This allows other College Publisher sites to use your content if they give you credit. . Check the “article comments” box on the top right of the screen. This allows readers to comment on the story. . Check the “rolling” box and add the start and finish dates for you story. When you check this, the story will continue to post each day until the expiration date you list. Any story that doesn’t have an obvious ending (an event that is occurring, etc.) should be posted for one week. . Media . Meta keywords should be added to allow search engines to categories content from your site. The first words in the box should always be “Oklahoma City University.” Follow that entry by the names of anyone in the story. . When you are happy with the content, click “post” to add it to the site. This basically is saving the story, but does not put it on the current live site. . It will say, “your article has been submitted successfully.”
• Edit an article
137 . Click the headline of a story to edit it in the “add an article” area and then repost it as described above. . The only stories that will appear in this area are those added for that issue. . If you’re looking for a story that doesn’t appear, you can search by issue or keyword.
• Switch the issue . This category also allows you to switch between issues you wish to edit.
• Site statistics . All of these areas as well as the main content on this page list any announcements by College Publisher and information about visits to your site.
Content
On the “content” page you can:
• Add an article . Use the drop-down menu to select the issue the story needs to go in. . Use the next drop-down menu to select the section where you would like the story to appear. . Use the “priority” drop-down menu to define the order of importance of your story. NOTE: You may want to play with this and the “preview” button to get your story where you want it on the page. . Use the “author” drop-down menu to choose the author. If the entry is “submitted,” choose “other author” and type “submitted” into the next box. Do the same thing if the staffer’s name does not appear in the drop-down menu. . Enter a headline in the “headline” field. . Enter a subhead in the “subhead” field only if the story will go on the home page. Stories that go on featured pages do not require subheads. NOTE: Headlines and subheads should be copied from Word documents so their spelling is guaranteed. . Copy and paste the story from a Word document into the “body text” box. NOTE: Never type a story or any of its contents straight into the box. . Choose “run all” at the top of the “body text” box. This will take out extra white space, double space and add an auto summary to the story. NOTE: Be sure there are no tabs in the story and that the “auto format” button at the bottom of the “body text” box is checked.
138 . Use the “related sites” section to send the reader to any sites that compliment the story. To do this click “add new” and enter the site’s full URL. Click “ok.” It will then ask you to enter the site’s official name. Do that and click “ok” again. NOTE: You can remove any incorrect sites by highlighting the site and clicking “remove selected.” . Check the “complete” box on the top right of the screen. . Check the “lead” or “feature” box on the top right of the screen, depending on where you want the story to go. The “lead” box means the story will go on the home page as well as the section page identified earlier. The “feature” box means the story will go only on the section page. . Check the “syndicated” box on the top right of the screen. This allows other College Publisher sites to use your content if they give you credit. . Check the “article comments” box on the top right of the screen. This allows readers to comment on the story. . Check the “rolling” box and add the start and finish dates for you story. When you check this, the story will continue to post each day until the expiration date you list. Any story that doesn’t have an obvious ending (an event that is occurring, etc.) should be posted for one week. . Add media according to the directions below. . Meta keywords should be added to allow search engines to categories content from your site. The first words in the box should always be “Oklahoma City University.” Follow that entry by the names of anyone in the story. . When you are happy with the content, click “post” to add it to the site. This basically is saving the story, but does not put it on the current live site. . It will say, “your article has been submitted successfully.” • Edit an article . Click the headline of a story to edit it in the “add an article” area and then repost it as described above. . The only stories that will appear in this area are those added for that issue. . If you’re looking for a story that doesn’t appear, you can search by issue or keyword. • Upload art . Color correct the photo to eye. . Crop it to: • Vertical: 235 px by 290 px • Horizontal: 270 px by 200 px • Full width across home page: 468 px by 300 px . File save for web – choose jpg. . Move it to your desktop. . Click “upload” at the top left of the “Media Manager.”
139 . Select the number of photos you want to upload . Click “browse” and upload the photo from your desktop. . Enter “keywords” to help you search for the photo later if necessary. NOTE: The best thing to enter is the event or person’s name. . If the image is attached to a story, select the staff member’s name to add to the credit. Use the “other” box if the person is not on the staff or if the photo is from the archives or submitted. Entry the appropriate credit. . Leave the width blank . Set the thumbnail width at 75. . Check “convert to JPG.” . Check “auto resize.” . Click “Upload” • Adding art to a story . With the story open for editing, click the add button below Media on the left page. . Find your photo or choose upload to use the process described above to add a new photo. . If the correct photo appears in the next screen, hit “attach” to attach the photo to the story. . Type in the photo caption, making sure all words are correctly spelled. . If you plan to attach more than one photo, give it a priority number. The numbers will sort multiple photos vertically on the page. NOTE: You can attach up to five photos with each story. Remember that attaching multiple photos is one of the great things about the web and is strongly encouraged. Photo in the No. 1 spot will display on the home page and section pages. . Click “update” and close the window. . If the photo was attached correctly you will see the name of the photo in the media box next to the priority number. • Building a slideshow . Attach art as described above, but use the following settings: • Size: 468 px by 300 px • When uploading do not check auto resize. . From the content page, click slideshows under Media Tools. . Choose create a new slideshow . Select your photos and click create slideshow. . Put the photos in order and put the cutlines with the photos. . Click save and close. . Click slideshows on the side navigation bar to go back to the slide show homepage. . Click get code. . Chose 468 pixels.
140 . Cope and paste the code to where you want to publish the slideshow.
141 Avoiding Pagination Purgatory
Mock it up. You wouldn’t get in your car for a road trip to a new destination without a directions or at least a map. So why try to design a page without a plan? Mocking up pages will save you time and energy. Additional pack mocks are in the Manuals and Forms folder on the server.
Show your inner beauty. Inside pages can be challenging. Here are some tips for designing inside pages: • Work with ads. • Use alternative headline treatments. • Give very page some dominant element. • Avoid photos or boxes near ads. • Save good stories for good pages.
An artist’s touch. Take pride in your page. It should be pretty. When building pages with art keep these ideas in mind: • Mock up the page! • Keep all stories rectangular • Vary shapes and sizes • Emphasize what’s important • Give each page a dominate piece of art • Balance the page • Avoid tombstoning – bumping headlines • Avoid butting art • Use organization skills • Redesign when needed • Try to have a graphic element with every story • Avoid dog legs • Borrow ideas • Spice it up
Don’t get shortchanged. We’re not all long-winded. Here are some tips for what to do when a story is too short: • Add text • Create a graphic • Enlarge a photo • Add a mug • Add a pull quote • Use a headline treatment • Adding breaks • Add another story
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Put your copy on a diet. Not all stories fit in the space you have. When trying to cut copy, consider: • Cutting quotes • Making a graphic and removing info from story • Trimming photos • Trimming an adjacent photo • Dropping a line from the headline • Moving an ad
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144 The Campus 2007-08 pub dates
Wednesday, Aug. 22 – Back to School issue Wednesday, Aug. 29 Wednesday, Sept. 5 Wednesday, Sept. 12 Wednesday, Sept. 19 Wednesday, Sept. 26 Wednesday, Oct. 3 Skip an issue for Fall Break Wednesday, Oct. 17 Wednesday, Oct. 24 Wednesday, Oct. 31 Wednesday, Nov. 7 Wednesday, Nov. 14 Skip an issue for Thanksgiving Wednesday, Nov. 28 Wednesday, Dec. 5 – last issue of the semester Skip five issues for Winter Break Wednesday, Jan. 16 – Welcome back issue Wednesday, Jan. 23 Wednesday, Jan. 30 Wednesday, Feb. 6 Wednesday, Feb. 13 Wednesday, Feb. 20 Wednesday, Feb. 27 Wednesday, March 5 Wednesday, March 12 Skip an issue for Spring Break Wednesday, March 26 Wednesday, April 2 Wednesday, April 9 Wednesday, April 16 Wednesday, April 23 Wednesday, April 30
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