DOCSLIB.ORG

Coldfire® IAR C/C++ Compiler Reference Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coldfire® IAR C/C++ Compiler Reference Guide ColdFire® IAR C/C++ Compiler Reference Guide for Freescale’s ColdFire Microcontroller Family CCF-2 COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Copyright 2008 IAR Systems. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written consent of IAR Systems. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such a license. DISCLAIMER The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on any part of IAR Systems. While the information contained herein is assumed to be accurate, IAR Systems assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. In no event shall IAR Systems, its employees, its contractors, or the authors of this document be liable for special, direct, indirect, or consequential damage, losses, costs, charges, claims, demands, claim for lost profits, fees, or expenses of any nature or kind. TRADEMARKS IAR Systems, IAR Embedded Workbench, C-SPY, visualSTATE, From Idea To Target, IAR KickStart Kit, IAR PowerPac, IAR YellowSuite, IAR Advanced Development Kit, IAR, and the IAR Systems logotype are trademarks or registered trademarks owned by IAR Systems AB. J-Link is a trademark licensed to IAR Systems AB. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. FreescaleTM and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. EDITION NOTICE Second edition: January 2008 Part number: CCF-2 This guide applies to version 1.x of ColdFire IAR Embedded Workbench®. Internal reference: ISUD. CCF-2 Brief contents Tables .................................................................................................................... xvii Preface ................................................................................................................... xix Part 1. Using the compiler ......................................................... 1 Getting started .................................................................................................... 3 Data storage ...................................................................................................... 11 Functions ............................................................................................................... 21 Placing code and data .................................................................................... 27 The DLIB runtime environment .............................................................. 41 Assembler language interface ................................................................... 69 Using C++ ............................................................................................................ 85 Efficient coding for embedded applications ........................................ 91 Part 2. Reference information ........................................... 107 External interface details ............................................................................ 109 Compiler options ........................................................................................... 115 Data representation ...................................................................................... 141 Compiler extensions .................................................................................... 151 Extended keywords ....................................................................................... 161 Pragma directives ............................................................................................ 171 Intrinsic functions ........................................................................................... 185 The preprocessor ........................................................................................... 189 Library functions ............................................................................................. 195 iii CCF-2 Segment reference ......................................................................................... 203 Implementation-defined behavior .......................................................... 213 Index ..................................................................................................................... 225 ColdFire® IAR C/C++ Compiler iv Reference Guide CCF-2 Contents Tables .................................................................................................................... xvii Preface ................................................................................................................... xix Who should read this guide ..............................................................xix How to use this guide .........................................................................xix What this guide contains ................................................................... xx Other documentation ..........................................................................xxi Further reading ..................................................................................xxi Document conventions ......................................................................xxii Typographic conventions .................................................................xxii Part 1. Using the compiler ......................................................... 1 Getting started .................................................................................................... 3 IAR language overview ........................................................................... 3 Supported ColdFire devices ................................................................. 4 Building applications—an overview .................................................. 4 Compiling ............................................................................................. 4 Linking ................................................................................................ 5 Basic settings for project configuration .......................................... 5 Processor configuration ........................................................................ 6 Code model .......................................................................................... 7 Data model ........................................................................................... 7 Optimization for speed and size ........................................................... 7 Runtime environment ........................................................................... 8 Special support for embedded systems .......................................... 9 Extended keywords .............................................................................. 9 Pragma directives ............................................................................... 10 Predefined symbols ............................................................................ 10 Special function types ........................................................................ 10 Accessing low-level features ............................................................. 10 v CCF-2 Data storage ...................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ............................................................................................. 11 Data models .............................................................................................. 11 Specifying a data model ..................................................................... 12 Memory types .......................................................................................... 13 Near ................................................................................................... 13 Near relative ....................................................................................... 13 Far ..................................................................................................... 14 Using data memory attributes ............................................................ 14 Structures and memory types ............................................................ 15 More examples ................................................................................... 16 C++ and memory types ...................................................................... 16 The stack and auto variables ............................................................. 17 Dynamic memory on the heap ........................................................ 18 Functions ............................................................................................................... 21 Function-related extensions .............................................................. 21 Code models and memory attributes for function storage 21 Using function memory attributes ...................................................... 22 Primitives for interrupts, concurrency, and OS-related programming ............................................................................................ 22 Interrupt functions ............................................................................. 23 Monitor functions ............................................................................... 24 C++ and special function types ......................................................... 25 Placing code and data .................................................................................... 27 Segments and memory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Standard Template Library
    STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY Developed By Mrs. K.M.Sanghavi STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL) Developed by Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee of HP in 1979. Standard template library accepted in July 1994 into C++ ANSI Standard These are called as collection of General-purpose template classes( data structures) and functions 1 COMPONENTS OF STL Containers Algorithms Iterators 2 COMPONENTS OF STL Algorithms use iterators to interact with objects stored in containers Container Algorithm1 Algorithm 2 Object1 Object2 Iterator 1 Iterator 2 Object3 Iterator 3 Algorithm 3 3 CONTAINER Objects that hold Example : Array data (of same type) Implemented by Template Classes 4 ALGORITHM Example : These are procedures used to process the data Searching, Sorting, contained in containers. Merging, Copying, Initializing Implemented by template functions 5 ITERATOR It is an object that Used to move points to an through the element in a contents of container container They can be Connect Algorithms incremented and with Containers decremented 6 COMPONENTS OF STL Containers 7 CATEGORIES OF CONTAINERS Sequence Containers Derived Associative Containers Containers 8 CONTAINERS STL Defines 10 Containers 9 CATEGORIES OF CONTAINERS Sequence Associative Derived • vector • set • stack • deque • multiset • queue • list • map • Priority_queue • multimap 10 SEQUENCE CONTAINERS Stores elements in a linear sequence Each element is related to other elements by its position along the line They allow insertion of elements Example Element Element Element Last …….. 0 1 2 element 11 THREE TYPES OF SEQUENCE CONTAINERS vector deque list 12 Vector : Sequence Container Expandable and dynamic array Grows and shrinks in size Insertion / Deletion of elements at back Permits direct access to any element 13 Vector : Sequence Container Container Header File Iterator vector <vector> Random Access 14 vector Sequence Container Declarations ◦ vector <type> v; type: int, float, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • SEI CERT C++ Coding Standard (2016 Edition)
    SEI CERT C++ Coding Standard Rules for Developing Safe, Reliable, and Secure Systems in C++ 2016 Edition Aaron Ballman Copyright 2017 Carnegie Mellon University This material is based upon work funded and supported by the Department of Defense under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0003 with Carnegie Mellon University for the operation of the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development center. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the au- thor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of Defense. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trade mark, manu- facturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Carnegie Mellon University or its Software Engineering Institute. This report was prepared for the SEI Administrative Agent AFLCMC/PZM 20 Schilling Circle, Bldg 1305, 3rd floor Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-2125 NO WARRANTY. THIS CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE MATERIAL IS FURNISHED ON AN “AS-IS” BASIS. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AS TO ANY MATTER INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY, EXCLUSIVITY, OR RESULTS OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE MATERIAL. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO FREEDOM FROM PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT. [Distribution Statement A] This material has been approved for public release and unlimited distribution. Please see Copyright notice for non-US Government use and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library User's Guide and Reference
    Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library User's Guide and Reference Rogue Wave Software Corvallis, Oregon USA Standard C++ Library User's Guide and Reference for Rogue Wave's implementation of the Standard C++ Library. Based on ANSI's Working Paper for Draft Proposed International Standard for Information Systems--Programming Language C++. April 28, 1995. User's Guide Authors: Timothy A. Budd, Randy Smithey Reference Authors: Wendi Minne, Tom Pearson, and Randy Smithey Product Team: Development: Anna Dahan, Donald Fowler, Marlene Hart, Angelika Langer, Philippe Le Mouel, Randy Smithey Quality Engineering: KevinDjang, Randall Robinson, Chun Zhang Manuals: Wendi Minne, Kristi Moore, Julie Prince,Randy Smithey Support: North Krimsley Significant contributions by: Rodney Mishima Copyright © 1995-96 Rogue Wave Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Part # RW81-01-2-032596 Printing Date: July 1996 Rogue Wave Software, Inc., 850 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333 USA Product Information: (541) 754-5010 (800) 487-3217 Technical Support: (541) 754-2311 FAX: (541) 757-6650 World Wide Web: http://www.roguewave.com Please have your product serial number available when calling for technical support. Table of Contents 1. Introduction .........................................................................1 1.1 What is the Standard C++ Library?............................................................. 2 1.2 Does the Standard C++ Library Differ From Other Libraries? ............... 2 1.3 What are the Effects of
    [Show full text]
  • The Wrapper API's Baseline Requirements
    LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORY - LIGO - CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Document Type LIGO-T990097-11 - E 08/29/2000 The wrapper API’s baseline requirements James Kent Blackburn, Masha Barnes Jolien Creighton Distribution of this document: LIGO LDAS Group This is an internal working document of the LIGO Project. California Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology LIGO Project - MS 51-33 LIGO Project - MS 20B-145 Pasadena CA 91125 Cambridge, MA 01239 Phone (818) 395-2129 Phone (617) 253-4824 Fax (818) 304-9834 Fax (617) 253-7014 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ Table of Contents Index file \\SIRIUS\kent\documents\LDAS\wrapperAPI\wrapperAPIReqCover.fm - printed August 29, 2000 The wrapper API’s baseline requirements James Kent Blackburn California Institute of Technology LIGO Data Analysis Group August 29, 2000 I. Introduction A. General Description: 1. The wrapperAPI is responsible for executing the advanced analysis pro- cesses which are based on MPI and executing in the LDAS distributed com- puting parallel cluster of nodes using an interpreted command language. 2. The wrapperAPI will be written entirely in C and C++. No TCL/TK will be used in this LDAS API. 3. The wrapperAPI will be initiated using the mpirun command. This command will be started solely by the mpiAPI. The mpiAPI will determine the appro- priate values for the mpirun command, as well as the appropriate commands for the wrapperAPI and pass these as command line arguments to mpirun. The wrapperAPI will interpret its own command line arguments which are automatically passed to the wrapperAPI by the mpirun command.
    [Show full text]
  • STL) Is a Collection of Containers and Algorithms Which Is Part of the Standard C++ Library
    Containers, algorithms and more... The standard library is the collection of functions and types that is supplied with every standard-compliant C++ compiler What should be in the standard library? And equally important: what should not be? 2 Introduction to Systems Programming The standard library should: Provide basic functionality which the user can have difficulty implementing himself: Memory management Input / output Implementation-dependent information Save and simplify work: Supply useful non-primitive facilities 3 Introduction to Systems Programming The standard library cannot contain problem- specific code For example – a Student class It should contain generic classes and functions which are usable in a variety of problems: Containers – such as list, set, etc. Algorithms – such as sorting, searching Popular classes – such as string 4 Introduction to Systems Programming What are the requirements from the standard library's containers and algorithms? Simple to use Interfaces should be uniform and convenient Complete Reasonable features should be included Efficient Library code might take a large part of the execution time Extensible The user should be able to add new containers and algorithms that work with the given ones 5 Introduction to Systems Programming The containers included in the standard library should be generic We have seen several ways to implement generic containers: Using void* and pointers to functions Using templates Using subtyping and polymorphism 6 Introduction to Systems Programming
    [Show full text]
  • STL – Standard Template Library
    STL – Standard Template Library September 22, 2016 CMPE 250 STL – Standard Template Library September 22, 2016 1 / 25 STL – Standard Template Library Collections of useful classes for common data structures Ability to store objects of any type (template) Containers form the basis for treatment of data structures Container – class that stores a collection of data STL consists of 10 container classes: CMPE 250 STL – Standard Template Library September 22, 2016 2 / 25 STL Containers Sequence Container Stores data by position in linear order: First element, second element , etc. All containers Use same names for common operations Have specific operations Associate Container Stores elements by key, such as name, ID number or part number Access an element by its key which may bear no relationship to the location of the element in the container Adapter Container Contains another container as its underlying storage structure CMPE 250 STL – Standard Template Library September 22, 2016 3 / 25 STL Containers Sequence Container Vector Deque List Adapter Containers Stack Queue Priority queue Associative Container Set, multiset Map, multimap CMPE 250 STL – Standard Template Library September 22, 2016 4 / 25 How to access Components - Iterator Iterator is an object that can access a collection of like objects one object at a time. An iterator can traverse the collection of objects. Each container class in STL has a corresponding iterator that functions appropriately for the container For example: an iterator in a vector class allows random access An iterator
    [Show full text]
  • FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH Gmbh Programming in C++ Part II
    FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH GmbH Jülich Supercomputing Centre D-52425 Jülich, Tel. (02461) 61-6402 Ausbildung von Mathematisch-Technischen Software-Entwicklern Programming in C++ Part II Bernd Mohr FZJ-JSC-BHB-0155 1. Auflage (letzte Änderung: 19.09.2003) Copyright-Notiz °c Copyright 2008 by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC). Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Werkes darf in irgendeiner Form ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des JSC reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Publikationen des JSC stehen in druckbaren Formaten (PDF auf dem WWW-Server des Forschungszentrums unter der URL: <http://www.fz-juelich.de/jsc/files/docs/> zur Ver- fügung. Eine Übersicht über alle Publikationen des JSC erhalten Sie unter der URL: <http://www.fz-juelich.de/jsc/docs> . Beratung Tel: +49 2461 61 -nnnn Auskunft, Nutzer-Management (Dispatch) Das Dispatch befindet sich am Haupteingang des JSC, Gebäude 16.4, und ist telefonisch erreich- bar von Montag bis Donnerstag 8.00 - 17.00 Uhr Freitag 8.00 - 16.00 Uhr Tel.5642oder6400, Fax2810, E-Mail: [email protected] Supercomputer-Beratung Tel. 2828, E-Mail: [email protected] Netzwerk-Beratung, IT-Sicherheit Tel. 6440, E-Mail: [email protected] Rufbereitschaft Außerhalb der Arbeitszeiten (montags bis donnerstags: 17.00 - 24.00 Uhr, freitags: 16.00 - 24.00 Uhr, samstags: 8.00 - 17.00 Uhr) können Sie dringende Probleme der Rufbereitschaft melden: Rufbereitschaft Rechnerbetrieb: Tel. 6400 Rufbereitschaft Netzwerke: Tel. 6440 An Sonn- und Feiertagen gibt es keine Rufbereitschaft. Fachberater Tel. +49 2461 61 -nnnn Fachgebiet Berater Telefon E-Mail Auskunft, Nutzer-Management, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Effective STL
    Effective STL Author: Scott Meyers E-version is made by: Strangecat@epubcn Thanks is given to j1foo@epubcn, who has helped to revise this e-book. Content Containers........................................................................................1 Item 1. Choose your containers with care........................................................... 1 Item 2. Beware the illusion of container-independent code................................ 4 Item 3. Make copying cheap and correct for objects in containers..................... 9 Item 4. Call empty instead of checking size() against zero. ............................. 11 Item 5. Prefer range member functions to their single-element counterparts... 12 Item 6. Be alert for C++'s most vexing parse................................................... 20 Item 7. When using containers of newed pointers, remember to delete the pointers before the container is destroyed. ........................................................... 22 Item 8. Never create containers of auto_ptrs. ................................................... 27 Item 9. Choose carefully among erasing options.............................................. 29 Item 10. Be aware of allocator conventions and restrictions. ......................... 34 Item 11. Understand the legitimate uses of custom allocators........................ 40 Item 12. Have realistic expectations about the thread safety of STL containers. 43 vector and string............................................................................48 Item 13. Prefer vector
    [Show full text]
  • Seqan Manual Release 1.4.2
    SeqAn Manual Release 1.4.2 The SeqAn Team October 13, 2014 Contents 1 Table Of Contents 3 2 API Documentation 5 2.1 Tutorial..................................................5 437paragraph*.389 437paragraph*.390 437paragraph*.391 437paragraph*.392 437paragraph*.393 437paragraph*.394 438paragraph*.395 438paragraph*.396 438paragraph*.397 438paragraph*.398 438paragraph*.399 438paragraph*.400 439paragraph*.401 439paragraph*.402 439paragraph*.403 439paragraph*.404 440paragraph*.405 440paragraph*.406 2.2 How Tos................................................. 440 2.3 Infrastructure............................................... 536 2.4 Build Manual............................................... 542 2.5 SeqAn Style Guides........................................... 560 2.6 Glossary................................................. 597 2.7 References................................................ 598 Bibliography 601 i ii SeqAn Manual, Release 1.4.2 This is the manual of the SeqAn library. SeqAn is the C++ template library for the analysis of biological sequences. It contains algorithms and data structures for • string representation and their manipluation, • online and indexed string search, • efficient I/O of bioinformatics file formats, • sequence alignment, and • much more. Contents 1 SeqAn Manual, Release 1.4.2 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Table Of Contents Tutorial Each tutorial takes 30 to 60 minutes of your time for learning how to use SeqAn. Jump right into using SeqAn using our tutorials! • Detailed installation descriptions are available in the Getting Started Tutorial. How Tos Use these short and target-oriented articles to solve common, specific problems. Build Manual These articles describe how to use the SeqAn build system and integrate into your Makefiles, for example. Infrastructure These pages describe the SeqAn infrastructure and are mostly interesting to SeqAn developers. SeqAn Style Guides Please follow these style guides for SeqAn library and application code.
    [Show full text]
  • STL: Sequences & Iterators
    Comp151 STL: Sequences & Iterators “STL” Sequence Containers from the Standard C++ Library • Here are some homogeneous container classes commonly used to represent a sequence of objects of the same type. • vector : one-dimensional array – Fast access at any position. – Add and remove elements only at the back. • list : doubly-linked list – Fast access to front and back only. – Add and remove elements at any position. • deque : double-ended array – Fast access at any position. – Add and remove elements only at the front and back. Standard Sequence Containers • They differ in how quickly different access operations can be performed. n is the number of elements currently in the container. O(1) means constant time. Container Access/Retrieval Insert, Erase vector O(1) random access O(1) at back only (1D array) O(n) at front, in middle list O(1) at front/back only O(1) at any position (doubly-linked list) No random access [ would be O(n) ] deque O(1) random access O(1) at front/back only (doubly-ended queue) O(n) in middle #include <vector> #include <deque> #include <list> #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; main() { vector<double> vd; deque<string> ds; list<int> li; vd.push_back(5.0); vd.push_back(10.0); vd.push_back(15.0); cout << vd[1] << endl; ds.push_back('' World ''); ds.push_front('' Hello ''); cout << ds[0] << ds[1] << endl; li.push_back(1); li.push_back(2); cout << li[0]; // error: list doesn’t support random access } Sequence Containers: Access, Add, Remove • Element access for all: – front(): First element – back(): Last element • Element access for vector and deque: – [ ]: Subscript operator, index not checked.
    [Show full text]
  • C++ Object-Oriented Library User's Manual [COOL]
    TEXAS I NSTRUMENTS C++ Object-Oriented Library User’s Manual MANUAL REVISION HISTORY C++ Object-Oriented Library User’s Manual (2566801-0001) Original Issue. March 1990 Copyright © 1990, 1991 Texas Instruments Incorporated Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, modify, and distribute this document, provided that this complete copyright and permission notice is maintained, intact, in all copies and supporting documentation. Texas Instruments Incorporated makes no representations about the suitability of this document or the software described herein for any purpose. It is provided ”as is” without express or implied warranty. Texas Instruments Incorporated Information Technology Group Austin, Texas C++ OBJECT-ORIENTED LIBRARY USER’S MANUAL CONTENTS Paragraph Title Page About This Manual . xi 1 Overview of COOL 1.1 Introduction. 1-1 1.2 Audience. 1-1 1.3 Major Attributes. 1-1 1.4 Macros. 1-2 1.5 Parameterized Templates. 1-2 1.6 Symbols and Packages. 1-3 1.7 Polymorphic Management. 1-3 1.8 Exception Handling. 1-4 1.9 Classes. 1-4 1.10 Class Hierarchy. 1-7 2 String Classes 2.1 Introduction. 2-1 2.2 Requirements. 2-1 2.3 String Class. 2-1 2.4 String Example. 2-7 2.5 Auxiliary char* Functions. 2-8 2.6 Regular Expression Class. 2-10 2.7 Regular Expression Example. 2-12 2.8 General String Class. 2-13 2.9 General String Example. 2-20 3 Number Classes 3.1 Introduction. 3-1 3.2 Requirements. 3-1 3.3 Random Class. 3-1 3.4 Random Class Example.
    [Show full text]
  • IAR Runtime Environment and Library User Guide
    IAR Runtime Environment and Library User Guide Addendum to IAR C/C++ Compiler Reference Guide CAEWDC-1 COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Copyright 1986–2004 IAR Systems. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written consent of IAR Systems. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such a license. DISCLAIMER The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on any part of IAR Systems. While the information contained herein is assumed to be accurate, IAR Systems assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. In no event shall IAR Systems, its employees, its contractors, or the authors of this document be liable for special, direct, indirect, or consequential damage, losses, costs, charges, claims, demands, claim for lost profits, fees, or expenses of any nature or kind. TRADEMARKS IAR, IAR Embedded Workbench, IAR XLINK Linker, IAR XAR Library Builder, IAR XLIB Librarian, IAR MakeApp, and IAR PreQual are trademarks owned by IAR Systems. C-SPY is a trademark registered in Sweden by IAR Systems. IAR visualSTATE is a registered trademark owned by IAR Systems. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. EDITION NOTICE First edition: May 2004 Part number: CAEWDC-1 This guide applies to version 4.x of the IAR Embedded Workbench™ IDE. CAEWDC-1 Contents
    [Show full text]