St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal

Endorsed June 2008

Contents

1 Introduction 1

The purpose of a Conservation Area Appraisal 1

Scope and structure 1

General identity and character 1

Date of designation 1

The Conservation Area within the wider setting 1

2 Planning Context 2

National 2

Regional 2

Local 2

3 Location and setting 3

4 Designations 4

5 Historic and topographic development 5

Medieval 5

Sixteenth and Seventeenth century 5

Eighteenth century 6

Early Nineteenth century 7

Later Nineteenth century 8

Early Twentieth century 9

Later Twentieth century and current 10

6 Archaeological potential 11

7 Present settlement character 12

Topography and settlement form 12

Standing historic fabric 12

Key Buildings 14

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Local details 17

Local and traditional building materials 22

Activity and use 23

Spatial analysis 24

Streetscape and views 25

Public realm 29

Greenery and green space 31

Loss, intrusion and damage 32

General condition 33

8 Problems and pressures 34

Historic Buildings 34

Public Realm 34

New Building 35

9 Recommendations 37

Historic Buildings 37

Public Realm 37

10 Opportunities 38

1 Sources 39

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 1 Introduction

modern development is mainly confined to The purpose of a Conservation its northern and southern edges. St Tudy Area Appraisal is well kept and there is a strong sense of local pride. Amenities include the parish The purpose of this conservation area church, Methodist chapel, public house, appraisal is to clearly define the special post office/general stores, primary school, interest, character and appearance of the community halls and play areas. conservation area. The appraisal should then inform development control decisions Date of designation and policies and act as a foundation for further work on design guidance and A Conservation Area was designated in enhancement schemes. 1997 and in the same year a Conservation Area Statement for St Tudy was adopted Scope and structure by the Council as supplementary planning guidance. This appraisal describes and analyses the character of the St Tudy conservation area The Conservation Area within the and the immediately surrounding historic wider setting environment. The appraisal will look at the historic and topographical development of The present conservation area boundary the settlement and analyse its present is based on the historic core of the village character in order to identify problems and around the parish church. It also includes pressures and make recommendations for the immediate setting of the core area and its future management. More detailed approaches to it. advice on the management of the conservation area can be found in the St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan which is designed to stand alongside this appraisal.

General identity and character

From its early origins as a churchtown the village of St Tudy has gradually developed over the years into a significant centre for the surrounding area. In addition to its traditional role as service provider for the agricultural hinterland the village is increasingly developing into a commuter/retirement settlement, partly because of its relatively good road links. There is a good survival of historic buildings from many different periods reflecting the village’s continued popularity and the

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 2 Planning Context

Local National The adopted North Cornwall District Local In 1967 the concept of protecting areas of Plan (1999) contains detailed polices special merit, rather than individual relating to listed buildings and conservation buildings was first brought under legislative areas. For this reason, anyone considering control with the passing of the Civil making an application for consent for Amenities Act. Whilst listed buildings are development or demolition within a assessed nationally with lists drawn up by conservation area or which would affect a the government on advice from English listed building should consult the Local Heritage conservation areas are designated Plan. The document is available for by local authorities. The current Act inspection at the Council’s offices and governing the designation of ‘areas of online at www.ncdc.gov.uk . Pre-application special architectural or historic interest, the advice can also be sought from the character or appearance of which it is Council’s Conservation and Development desirable to preserve or enhance’ is the Control Officers. Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Under this The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act local planning authorities are required Act 2004 introduced changes to the to designate conservation areas, to keep planning system that will result in the North them under review and if appropriate to Cornwall District Local Plan replacement designate further areas. Designation by a Local Development Framework. A remains the principal means by which local portfolio of Development Plan Documents authorities can apply conservation policies will set out the spatial planning strategy for to a particular area. North Cornwall and provided detailed development control policies including Regional locally distinct polices relating to listed buildings and conservation areas. All Broad polices relating to the protection and documents prepared as part of the North enhancement of the natural and built Cornwall Local Development Framework, environment is currently contained in the including the Local Development Scheme Cornwall Structure Plan (2004). The policy which sets the timescale for Development emphasis is that development should Plan Document preparation and adoption respect and consolidate local character. In can be viewed at www.ncdc.gov.uk . 2008 the Structure Plan will be replaced as part of the statutory Development Plan by The saved polices of the North Cornwall the South West Regional Spatial Strategy. District Local Plan will remain part of the The contained policy approach in respect statutory development plan until replaced of the built and natural environment will be by adopted Development Plan Documents. maintained in accordance with national guidance.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 3 Location and setting

St Tudy is located almost mid way between the towns of Bodmin, Camelford and Wadebridge. A network of minor roads connects the village to the B3266 Bodmin-Camelford road and the main A39 Bude-Wadebridge road. The village gives the parish its name, and is within the area of North Cornwall District Council.

The village lies in the midst of rolling downland between the valleys of the rivers Camel and Allen, which run parallel to each other in a north-east/south-west orientation. To the east beyond the River Camel the land rises sharply to Bodmin Moor. The more immediate setting of the village comprises a hill of 140m to the north of the settlement, to the west a fairly steeply sided tributary river valley which curves around to the south of the village and to the east the land rises slightly before falling to the valley of a tributary of the River Camel.

The site of the village itself is relatively flat but slopes slightly towards the north. Any sense of enclosure comes from the buildings themselves and trees in the church church and more mature gardens.

Under the historic landscape characterisation survey carried out by Cornwall County Council Historic Environment Service the land around the village was identified as medieval farmland – further afield there are pockets of rough ground and post medieval and modern farmland.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 4 Designations

Scheduled Monuments

There are no scheduled monuments.

Historic Buildings

There are 28 listed buildings and structures in St Tudy including the grade I church. In addition there are 19 listed headstones and tombchests in the churchyard.

There is no local list

Historic Area Designations

There is a conservation area which includes the historic core of the village.

Other Designations

(All policy numbers refer to North Cornwall Local Plan adopted April 1999)

There is a development boundary (HSG1) drawn relatively tightly around the the existing built up area to protect the surrounding countryside from encroaching development. The land adjoining Butts Parc has been deliberately excluded to protect this open space which is important to the setting of this listed building.

An area of land to the west of the village was identified for Housing Allocation (HSG1) and this area has now been developed.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 5 Historic and topographic development

See also the surviving historic components map.

Medieval

The first written record regarding St Tudy appears in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as the settlement and manor of Eglostudic – the word eglos meaning church and tudic referring to the saint Tudius. There is good evidence however that the settlement dates from much earlier. The circular churchyard suggests a Celtic site where open air masses would have taken place before an early wooden church was built in the sixth century. Although it is unlikely that St Tudius, a sixth century abbot and missionary who was active in Brittany, actually visited the site it could have been established by one of his monks at around this time. A coped stone, or pre-Norman gravestone, in the churchyard is further physical evidence of an early ecclesiastical Picture 5.1 The present church of St Uda dates from the fifteenth century. presence. Other written documentation referring to A stone cruciform church replaced the early the settlement during this period includes wooden structure in the Norman period, the Inquisition of the Bishops of Lincoln and which in turn was replaced by a larger Winchester dated 1294. church in the fifteenth century. The Norman font and a crudely carved stone figure still Sixteenth and Seventeenth century survive however and it is likely that some of the Norman stone walls were The only surviving evidence of building incorporated into the present day church. during the Tudor period in the area lies outside the village in the form of two sizeable houses - Tinten Manor to the south of the settlement and Tremeer to the north west. No sixteenth century buildings survive within the village itself probably due to their less durable construction.

In the seventeenth century further large houses were built in the surrounding countryside - Lamellen to the north-west and Wetherham to the south-west. During

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT this period Tremeer was home to a trio of important figures Humphrey Lower, friend of the famous Quaker George Fox, the writer Sir William Lower and Dr Richard Lower, physician to Charles II.

The seventeenth century saw a considerable programme of building within the village and some of the higher status houses still survive. These include Green View and Churchtown, originally one house now divided into two, Spare Hill House, Quies Cottage and 1-2 Church View, which Picture 5.3 Largely eighteenth century in was also possibly one building. Quies and construction the Old Clink stands on the site of an Spare Hill House were both originally earlier building. farmhouses and it is quite probable that this was the function of the other two Eighteenth century houses. It is possible there were other smaller cottages housing agricultural The village continued to develop during the workers, but these do not survive. eighteenth century with three cottages or small holdings built to the south of the churchyard - School View, Elm Cottage and the cottage opposite the school. The ale house was rebuilt and probably continued to function as an inn as there were no other public houses in the village at this time. Two further farmhouses were built away from the village centre, Butts Park to the south and Fradds Meadow to the north-east, indicating that the local agriculture was flourishing, and Spare Hill House was extended. In 1705 a Royal Charter granted the village two market or Picture 5.2 Parts of Spare Hill House date from the fair days – one in May and one in seventeenth century. September.

The other building originally dating from this period and possibly even earlier was the church ale house. This stood on the site of the Old Clink which was largely rebuilt in the eighteenth century and would have acted as the village’s first inn.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT The Ordnance Survey may of 1801 shows the centre of village highly developed, with a ring of buildings around the edge of the churchyard and further building on land to the north and east.

Early Nineteenth century

At the beginning of the century the population of St Tudy parish stood at 502 persons living in 93 houses.

Development began to take place on land Picture 5.4 The eighteenth century former previously held by the village centre farms farmhouse, Butts Park. including Oak Cottage, Sunny Corner and St Tudy continued to be an important local Ivy Cottage all built in the early nineteenth religious centre and in 1727 its parish century, followed by 1-4 Chapel Row and priest, George Allanson became the Cavalier Cottage. Spare Hill House was Archdeacon of Cornwall. By the mid further extended during the mid nineteenth eighteenth century there was a rectory built century and at the same time the on glebeland adjacent to the churchyard. blacksmiths shop was built opposite the Although Anglicanism remained a potent church and the adjacent pump and trough. force in 1746 Wesley preached in St Tudy Further documentary evidence of and left behind an interest in commercial activity in the village appeared Nonconformism that was to developed in the West Britain Newspaper in 1832, during the following century. which recorded an explosion in the home of a St Tudy shopkeeper who had been By the eighteenth century some of the weighing out gunpowder. surrounding manors had developed into villages in their own right resulting in five principal villages in the parish of St Tudy – St Tudy Churchtown, Kelly Green, Penhale, Polshea and Tamsquite. These settlements, however, were short-lived and only St Tudy survived into the modern period as a village. Other development outside the village centre included the rebuilding of Tremeer in 1798.

Captain Bligh was born in the area in 1754 and it has been suggested that Tinten Manor was possibly his boyhood home. Picture 5.5 Oak Cottage – part of the early There is a family plaque to the Bligh family nineteenth century development of the village. in the church. However there are also claims that St Teath was the place of his birth.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT By the early nineteenth century the Bodinnick Farm and those to the south of increasing popularity of Nonconformism the churchyard were extremely small and had resulted in the building of a Methodist might have housed workers employed in chapel in1824. This was later sold and the granite quarries in the neighbouring converted into cottages and a new meeting parish of St Breward. house formed from an existing building in Redvale Road in 1846. Meanwhile in 1821 Later Nineteenth century a house in St Tudy was registered for use by the Brianites. The church remained at By 1871 the population of the parish had the heart of the community and in 1824 fallen to 579, living in 115 houses. This fall Hitchens recorded in his History of Cornwall in population probably reflects the gradual that the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church return of the surrounding villages formed College, Oxford as the church patrons. from former manors into hamlets. There was no obvious retraction within St Tudy itself although the 1880s Ordnance Survey map shows few changes since 1840. During this period 1-2 Church View was remodelled, Butts Parc extended and Fradd’s Meadow both remodelled and extended.

The major development in the village, however, took the form of public building. In 1863 land was leased by Samual Kekewick, the Lord of the Manor for a National School. The new school could accommodate eighty children in theory Picture 5.6 Chapel House was originally built as a domestic building before being converted into a (although in practice attendance was chapel in the mid nineteenth century. It was then somewhat irregular). As regards the former converted back into house when the Methodist dame school, Maclean recorded in his Chapel was built in 1869. Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor in the County of By 1841 the population of the parish stood Cornwall in 1873 ‘There is an old school at 661 persons living in 122 houses. The room at the east side of the churchyard, 1840 tithe map shows development along which is now used as a village night all the roads leading into the centre of the school’. A new Methodist Chapel and village and further development along the Sunday School was built on the eastern lane that curved around the southern edge side of village in 1869, and the former of the rectory garden. By this period the chapel converted into a house. The church Cornish Arms had opened to the north-east underwent a major restoration by J P St of the church. The old ale house was then Aubyn in 1873 and the church tower was used as the village lock-up and as the repaired between 1887-8. venue for the local dame school. Agriculture continued to provide employment for the Polsue in Lake’s Parochial History of the majority of the population. Some of the County of Cornwall in 1867 described the cottages in rows such as those on the land of the parish as ‘arable, meadow, eastern side of the road leading north to

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT orchard, wood and plantation’. This description was echoed a few years later by Maclean who described the majority of men as being employed on the land and a few working in the granite quarries. A few were employed in the slate quarries and clay works, but most were working on the land. The continuing presence of very small cottages within the village suggest there were still a number of industrial labourers.

Maclean described how the two fairs in May and September ‘have dwindled to nothing Picture 5.7 During the early twentieth century the and no profits have accrued from the tolls street in front of Garlands was used by the local for some time’. children as a playground.

During the incumbancy of the Revd. The 1914 edition of Kelly Directory records Bridgewater Wetherham House, a sizeable there was a post office and general stores, detched house to the south west of the a butcher, and a grocer in the village. The village became the vicarage. post office stood adjacent to the modern post office and the other shop was situated Early Twentieth century in the upper town area. In addition there were also carpenters, blacksmiths and By 1911 the population of the parish had farmers living and working in the village. fallen to 499, but again the drop probably The outbuilding abutting Virginia House related more to the surrounding area than was one of the carpenter’s workshops, the the village itself. The 1907 Ordnance other was situated to the south of Glen Survey map shows very few changes, but View. In the 1920s the villa Bosvean was a number of developments were to take built by the retiring post master. place over the ensuing years. In 1909 a new rectory was built on the southern edge In 1937 a new wing was added to the of the village along Redvale Road and the chapel. The village hall was destroyed by old rectory sold and converted into a private fire in 1942 and replaced by a new building home. The house came to be known as in 1951, and the new rectory was extended. Garlands after the headmaster who lived In the 1950s the council built a new there after it was sold by the church. In development of housing Bodinnick Parc to 1919 a village hall was erected on land in the north of the village. front of Long Barn. During the First World War a soldier sent seeds home from the By the middle of the century the shop in battle fields of Ypres from which a chestnut upper town had closed and a new shop tree was grown which was subsequently opened in Hillview. The house next to erected in front of the church. Burleigh House was converted into a grocers in the 1930s and neighbouring Burleigh House became a mini market in the 1960s.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Throughout this period the Old Clink was put to a number of uses including a chemists, a surgery and a dentist. For a time in the middle of the century a dentist operated out of Glen View.

Later Twentieth century and current

By 1971 the parish population had fallen to just 391, but shortly afterwards the Bodinnick Parc estate was extended followed by a new sheltered housing scheme Glebe Parc to the south west of the settlement. The second rectory was replaced by a new building to the west and converted into a private house. Land to the north of the new rectory was turned into a playing field. In 1986 the old clink was restored and continues to be used for a variety of functions and during the same period the village hall was refurbished. In 2000 the old chestnut tree had to be felled, but was replaced with a sappling grown from the original tree. In 2002 the old forge was gutted by fire, but was subsequently rebuilt. In 2002 a new Lady Chapel was created within the church.

In 2001 the population of the parish had risen to 637. Its facilities include a post office/general store, the primary school, the Cornish Arms and two community halls. There is a good sized playing field with a hard court and playground.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 6 Archaeological potential

The long and many layered evolution of the settlement gives the whole area developed up to the early twentieth century potential for standing or buried archaeological features. The earliest centre of development – the area around the church – is of particular archaeological interest and sensitivity. Here the deposits are likely to provide valuable information on the settlement’s early form and development. The urban archaeological remains are likely to be more complex in these areas.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 7 Present settlement character

Topography and settlement form

Standing historic fabric

The predominant building type in the village is the vernacular cottage. There are also a number of former farmhouses and small-holdings which are of similar construction. These buildings range in date from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century but the overall design and materials remain consistent. The high proportion of early survivals, particularly from the seventeenth century, is unusual in Cornwall. Over the years some of the early cottages have been incorporated into rows such as Elm Cottage and Slate Roof Cottage.

Picture 7.2 The decorative porch on Spare Hill House originally belonged to a shop in the village.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century a number of villas were built in the village including the Old Rectory, Virginia House, Hillview, Boswean and the Post Office. These houses are larger scale and more decorative than their earlier vernacular neighbours.

Picture 7.1 The nineteenth century Ivy Cottage is built in the local vernacular style.

Although the predominant building style is quite plain, during the nineteenth century a number of houses were remodeled to incorporate more decorative features such as decorative porches, bay widows and keystones examples of which can be found at Butts Park, Fradds Meadow and Spare Hill House.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.3 The Old Rectory is built in an Arts and Picture 7.5 Unconverted outbuildings belonging to Crafts style from local stone. the smallholding Churchtown Farm.

There are a good number of surviving outbuildings, barns and workshops which greatly add to the agricultural character of the buildings. The majority have remained unaltered or only partially converted they include – the barns next to Hazeldene, Hillview, Virginia House, the Cornish Arms, Churchtown Farm, Fradds Meadow and The Smithy. A number of piggeries still can still be found in the village largely unaltered with rag slate roofs, planked doors and walls of huge vertical slate slabs. They are particularly evident in the area to the south Picture 7.6 The Smithy – the agricultural nature of of the church. this unaltered building makes an important contribution to the character of the village.

Picture 7.4 The barn adjacent to Hazeldene adds to the agricultural character of the settlement. Picture 7.7 Former piggery to the south of the church.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Former commercial buildings include the and twenty-four listed tombchests and old post office, the Old Garage, Hillview headstones in the churchyard. Burleigh House and the adjacent house. All of these appear to have originally been domestic buildings, which have subsequently been returned to their original use. The Cornish Arms is still in operation and the current post office and general stores are run from a modern extension next to the original post office.

Picture 7.8 Hillview during the last century was one Picture 7.9 The three stage tower of St Uda is of the village shops. mainly constructed from coursed slatestone.

There are two religious buildings in the Garlands – grade II. The construction village the Methodist Chapel and the grade of this mid eighteenth century former I parish church, both of which contribute rectory - slatestone and cob with a significantly to the architectural quality of rag slate roof - makes reference to the the village. The former clink acts as a useful surrounding local vernacular whilst its public building for the village. proportions relate to its former role and proximity to the church. Its rendered Key Buildings façade with early nineteenth century sash windows (some of which contain Church of St Uda – grade I. The crown glass) and canted bay window church has Norman origins, but is contribute greatly to the quality of the mainly fifteenth century in the eastern side of the village. Perpendicular style. The walls are a mixture of slatestone rubble, coursed slatestone and roughly coursed ashlar. The three stage tower with crocketted pinnacles is a landmark throughout the village. There are a number of significant memorials within the church

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.10 The façade of mid eighteenth century Picture 7.12 External stone staircase on the eastern Garlands enlivened by the addition of a canted bay elevation of the Old Clink. window. Methodist Chapel – grade II. Built in The Clink – grade II. The non domestic 1869 to provide increased nature of this eighteenth century accommodation for the growing building is evident from its small number of Nonconformists in the number of irregularly positioned sash village. The chapel is constructed from and casement windows and from its ashlar slatestone with freestone and charming external stone staircase. Its granite dressed quoins and a rag slate stone rubble walls, rag slate roof and roof. Its main gable end façade is sited lack of modern modifications make this at the junction between two lanes building a perfect complement to the which adds to its drama and visibility. church and churchyard walls. The prominent site encouraged its builders to incorporate a tall round headed arch and blind oculus flanked by round headed arched windows into its façade.

Picture 7.11 The slatestone walls and pointed window of the Old Clink echo the architecture of the church beyond.

Picture 7.13 The western façade of the Methodist Chapel.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Fradds Meadow – grade II. This house farmhouses. Its long rendered façade greatly enhances the character of the with nineteenth century sash and north-eastern side of the village; this casement windows forms part of a is due in part to the charm of the house charming group of historic cottages to itself whose original eighteenth century the north of the church, whilst the stone rubble walls with granite arched windows on its un-rendered dressings are enhanced by a southern elevation make reference to nineteenth century porch and bay the Old Clink and the church beyond. windows. The adjacent original cob and slatestone garden walls and outbuildings also contribute much to the surrounding historic environment.

Picture 7.16 Nineteenth century sash and casement windows on the façade of Quies Cottage.

Other listed buildings in the village :-

Picture 7.14 The southern façade of Fradds Meadow 17th Century – The Green View, enhances the eastern end of the village. Churchtown Cottage, Spare Hill House, 1-2 Church View. 18th Century – Butts Park, Cottage to the west of the school, School View, Elm Cottage.

Picture 7.15 The surviving outbuildings at Fradds Meadow.

Quies Cottage– grade II. This building plays a significant role in the historic integrity of the village as it is one of the surviving seventeenth century former

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.17 The façade of Elm Cottage – the Picture 7.18 Slate slab garden wall adjacent to slatestone ground floor is surmounted by a cob first Churchtown Farm floor. Over the door is a traditional slate canopy and the Delabole slate roof incorporates raking half dormers.

19th Century – The Old Smithy, Ivy Cottage, Cavalier Cottage, Oak Cottage and Sunny Corner, Chapel Cottages, Fradds Meadow outbuildings.

Local details

There are a number of garden walls formed from large slabs of slate clamped together by metal brackets. These can be found Picture 7.19 Granite gate piers and corner posts adjacent to Churchtown Farm, in front of are incorporated into the slate boundary walls at Butts Park where the slate walls Butts Park. incorporates granite gate piers and corner posts, outside Chapel House and adjacent to the modern house Mylor Cottage.

Picture 7.20 The slate slab garden wall in front of Chapel House has been capped with concrete.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Both hipped and gable end roofs are founded in the village but gable end is the most common form. In a number of cases former detached houses have become part of later rows. Many roofs have red clay ridge tiles – most of these are plain but there are a number of examples of early crested ridge tiles and terracotta finials. The hipped roofs have mitred joints. There are a few instances in the village of raking half dormers such as Elm Cottage and Pendarves. These would have been added in the nineteenth century to create Picture 7.22 Raking half dormers on Pendarves. accommodation in the roof space. Gabled half dormers can be found on the southern There is a good survival of both historic façade of the Old Garage. casement and sash windows in St Tudy. Sash windows range from simple late Victorian/ Edwardian four over four windows to the sixteen pane arrangements on the façades of The Garlands, Cavalier Cottage, Chapel Row, Sunny Corner and the twenty pane sash windows on Spare Hill House and Garlands.

Picture 7.23 Eight over eight and ten over ten pane sash windows on the façade of Garlands. Picture 7.21 Decorative terracotta finial on the front porch of Chapel House.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT light casement windows on its first floor. There are a number of houses in the village with bay windows including Garlands, Fradds Meadow, the former Post Office, Virginia House and Butts Park. There are arched windows on the southern elevation of Quies Cottage and round headed windows can be found on the Methodist Chapel and Park House which has intersecting glazing bars.

Picture 7.24 Sixteenth pane sash windows on the eastern elevation of Sunny Corner

Picture 7.26 Casement and sash windows at Butts Park.

Picture 7.25 Twenty over twenty pane sash window with keystone above on the façade of Spare Hill House.

Two light casement windows can be found on many of the cottages, and some, such as Quies Cottage and Oak Cottage have a mixture of both sash and casement. Casements can, however, be found on larger buildings - Virginia House has three

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.27 Bay window on the southern façade of Picture 7.28 Arched window with granite surround Butts Park and slate cill on the southern elevation of Quies Cottage.

The vernacular door canopy arrangement in the village consists of a simple slate supported by iron brackets and can be found on a number of cottages including the one opposite the post office, Bordean, Ivy Cottage, Churchtown, Slate Roof Cottage and School View. Other houses have more substantial gabled enclosed porches with slate roofs such as Cavalier Cottage.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Hill House (originally attached to a shop in the village) and the portals at the former Rectory and Fradds Meadow.

Picture 7.29 Slate canopies supported by iron Picture 7.31 The nineteenth century porch with brackets. granite doric columns on the southern façade of Fradds Meadow.

A number of interesting historic doors can be found in St Tudy. These include paneled and partly glazed doors on buildings such as Spare Hill House, Oak Cottage and Fradds Meadow and simple plank doors – Ivy Cottage. Nos. 1-4 Chapel Row have an intriguing arrangement of nineteenth century paneled doors behind half height plank gates.

Picture 7.30 Enclosed porch with slate roof on the main façade of Cavalier Cottage.

On some of the larger houses porches are a significant decorative feature such as the glazed porches on Butts Park and Spare

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.32 The double door arrangements on the Picture 7.34 Pinza Park Cottage has a cob first floor front of Chapel Row. above a ground floor of slatestone.

Local and traditional building The walls of the outbuildings tend to be materials untreated, whereas the cottages are frequently rendered or rendered at first floor The majority of buildings in the village have level. slatestone walls. Most of the outbuildings are built entirely from slatestone, but a number of the domestic buildings are a combination of stone and cob with cob first floors.

Picture 7.35 The barn adjacent to the Cornish Arms has slatestone walls with sizeable granite quoins.

There are a number of different wall treatments on the church including slatestone rubble, coursed slatestone, Picture 7.33 On the north elevation of Spare Hill roughly coursed ashlar slatestone and House it is possible to see the slatestone construction with cob on the first floor. granite ashlar. The walls of 1-4 Chapel Row were constructed from granite blocks.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.36 The granite block walls of 1-4 Chapel Picture 7.38 Slate drip mould. Row Unsurprisingly, given the village’s proximity The majority of roofs in the village are to the nearby granite quarries at St Breward Delabole slate and many of these are rag granite appears frequently on buildings slate. Slate was also used to for roof verge, throughout the village. It takes the form of to form chimney pots and for drip moulds. window dressings, quoins, lintels, door surrounds and porches. In addition it is also employed throughout the public realm – see below.

Following the arrival of the railway and improved transport communications brick was used in the village mainly in the form of chimney stacks, window and door surrounds. There are no historic brick buildings in St Tudy.

Activity and use

Picture 7.37 Slate verges and canopy on School The village is an important service provider View for the surrounding agricultural hinterland. Its post/office general store, primary school, public house and two community halls ensure that the village remains lively during the week when so many villages can appear dead. Furthermore at the weekend the church and chapel continue to operate and the sizeable playing field, hard court and playground are important local amenities.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.39 The playground and playing field are Picture 7.40 The densely developed historic lane to important local amenities. the south of the church.

The village is relative close to Camelford, Bodmin and the A30 making it a popular choice for commuters. In addition its quiet ambience but useful local amenities make it an attractive proposition for the retired. There are daily bus services to Bodmin and Camelford.

Spatial analysis

Due to its positioning on a plateau of land there are no topographical features in St Tudy such as hills or valleys to give a sense Picture 7.41 The tall hedges at the southern end of of enclosure. However, there are areas in Redvale Road add to the sense of enclosure. the village where this is achieved through intensive development. This is particularly Throughout the village garden and evident to the south and east of the church boundary walls and hedges help to where the cottages form rows and maintain a sense of enclosure particularly courtyards, and many of the historic along Redvale Road where the walls to the boundaries are still in place. The only gap Old Rectory, the churchyard and the in development occurs next to the Old cemetery help to preserve the street line. Garage where the original garage forecourt Unfortunately the boundaries of the new once stood. houses between Glen Vale and the Chapel House are only partially defined.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT into the settlement and the interconnecting lanes to the south and east of the church suggest that they probably date from a much earlier period. As a result the highways are an important part of the village’s historic character. The 1809 map shows a lane connecting Tremeer Lane to Newgate Lane, but by the 1840 tithe map this was no longer marked.

As mentioned above many of the original street boundaries have been maintained. However looking east along Chapel Road Picture 7.42 The sense of enclosure along Redvale Road is somewhat dissipated in front of the new from the Methodist Chapel the original houses southern boundary has been lost and a new boundary formed from hedges set back Elsewhere in the village where new from the street line behind grass verges – development has taken place behind these, combined with a very prominent hedges and walls which respect the original street light, give the area an inappropriate line of the road the overall impression is suburban character. In contrast the lane much less intrusive. There are other areas leading east from Homeleigh with its however, such as in front of the Manse, unmade surface bordered by hedges and where an area of off street parking once stone walls still retains much of its former again interrupts the traditional line of the agricultural character. street.

Picture 7.44 Traditional hedge boundaries still Picture 7.43 The area of off street parking in front survive at the southern end of Chapel Road. of The Manse interrupts the street line. Walls are a very important feature in the Streetscape and views village and come in a variety of forms. Many of the garden walls are mortared The 1809 Ordnance Survey map shows St slatestone with a variety of different Tudy’s street pattern already established copings. The row of cottages to the south and furthermore the nature of the routes of the church which begins with Bordean

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT have curved terracotta copings, whilst other walls have edge bedded slatestone and spar copings.

Picture 7.46 The slatestone walls of the school playground give a good sense of enclosure on the eastern side of Redvale Road.

The most notable walls in the village Picture 7.45 Terracotta wall copings – these could have been provided by workers from the local however are the early to mid nineteenth clayworks in the late nineteenth century. century garden wall to Fradds Meadow. Constructed from cob with rubble footings The boundary walls in front of the Methodist they have slate copings capped by a further Chapel are slatestone partly brought to layer of terracotta tiles and four bee boles course, with granite ashlar quoins and incorporated into its garden side. granite copings. The walls bordering the cemetery are mortared granite rubblestone. Spare Hill House and Quies Cottage have rendered front garden walls with spar copings. There is a drystone wall to the front garden of the house opposite the Green View and the walls in front of Homeleigh are also drystone but formed from cut stone blocks. The walls to the school playground constructed of slatestone brought to course in slate and terracotta copings.

Picture 7.47 The listed garden walls to Fradds Meadow make use of a variety of local materials – cob, granite, slatestone, slate and clay.

In addition to the garden and boundary walls agricultural buildings form an important part of the village’s streetscape and in some areas form the road boundary

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT such as on the corner of Tremeer Lane, the southern end of Chapel Road, to the North of Virginia House and opposite Homeleigh.

Picture 7.48 The agricultural building opposite Homeleigh forms part of the boundary to the road.

As one would expect in a rural location there are few areas of pavement. There is however a modern pavement of tarmac with concrete kerbs on the western side of Picture 7.49 Cobbles in front of Ivy Cottage. Redvale Road and a tarmac pavement in front of Maypall Cottages. The latter however still retains its cobbled gully. There is a good survival in the village of traditional paving including areas of cobbles outside Pinza Park, in front of Maymear Terrace, to the east of Virginia House and to the front of Ivy Cottage where the cobbles are bordered by a granite kerb. There is a particularly striking area of cobbles in front of the Smithy, which incorporates granite slabs and the granite binding stone used for fitting iron bands to wooden wheels.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.50 Cobbles, granite blocks and the binding Picture 7.51 The view looking east from Lindum stone in front of The Smithy. House.

As St Tudy is sited on a plateau there are In such a flat location architectural few long vistas looking out of the village. landmarks are of particular importance, and The farthest reaching views are to the tower of St Uda features in many of the experienced looking south from the views in the centre of the village and from southern end of the village - the immediate the agricultural land beyond. view is hidden as the road drops down, but the hillside beyond can be glimpsed through the tress. Whereas looking east from Lindum House the view ends where the road curves towards the south.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.52 The church tower is an important feature in many of the views throughout the village.

Public realm

The proximity of the village to supplies of both granite and slate is reflected in the public realm. Many houses including Oke Cottage, Sunny Corner, Fradds Meadow, the Methodist Chapel, Garlands, the cottage row beginning with Bordean, and The Haven have granite gate piers as does the churchyard.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.53 Granite gate pier with pyramidal cap Picture 7.54 Wrought iron gates at the south eastern leading into the churchyard. corner of the churchyard.

Granite is used for a kerb outside Pendarves Cottage, a granite lintel forms the entrance into the garden of Tanfield Cottage. the war memorial is constructed from granite and there are granite toughs outside the Smithy and Stonecrop. Outside Chapel Row there are slate and slatestone steps and the same materials are used for a mounting block outside Butts Park. Slate steps can be found outside Chapel House adjacent to the remains of a cobbled and slate gully. Picture 7.55 The wrought iron cemetery gates. Iron is also an important traditional material found in the public realm. Nineteenth The village still retains its historic K6 century wrought iron gates form the telephone box. entrance into the Chapel grounds and there are cast iron gates to Quies Cottage, the churchyard and the cemetery, which also has iron railings.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Greenery and green space

There are a number of signiciant open green areas that play an important part in the character of the village. In the centre of St Tudy lies the ancient raised circular churchyard which is ringed by a number of mature trees. This green and tree-lined space is mirrored to the west by the cemetery. Here the avenue of yews give the space a more formal feel. To the south of the cemetery lies the other major open space the playgroup, which in turn is bordered by tall mature trees.

Picture 7.56 The K6 telephone box is still in situ outside the original post office.

The two granite troughs are both adjacent to iron pumps and there is an iron tethering ring outside the Smithy. Picture 7.58 St Tudy churchyard is an important area of open green space in the village.

Picture 7.57 Cast iron pump and granite trough outside The Smithy.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Picture 7.60 The small green in front of Green View and Churchtown Cottage softens the streetscape in the centre of the village.

Picture 7.59 Magnificent mature yews in the cemetery.

Magnificent mature trees can be found throughout the village and contribute to the various views. Looking north towards the road junction between Boddinick Lane and Newgate Lane the forks in the road is Picture 7.61 The small green in front of Garlands defined by a group of large trees. Still only enhances the area to the east of the church. a sapling the chestnut in front of the church is important for its historic associations. Many of the cottages and houses are built hard against the road, but a number such In addition to the large open spaces there as the row to the south of the church, are some small informal green areas within Church View and Quies Cottages have the village centre which enhance the front gardens which helps to soften the surrounding buildings and add to the streetscape. agricultural character. These can be found in front of Green View and Churchtown Loss, intrusion and damage Cottage and outside the churchyard in front of Garlands. Historically the main losses in the village have been the five cottages on the western side of Newgate Lane, the blacksmiths to the north of Chapel House and the historic shopfronts. The main challenge to the historic character of the village has been

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT the development of former agricultural land. This has resulted in a fairly high proportion of new build within the historic core. Many of the modern houses are built from non traditional materials in styles that do not refer to their surroundings, however their impact is lessened where the original street line and boundaries have been preserved.

In the main the survival of historic fabric is good but there are a number of intrusive features such as the provision of substitute windows, doors and materials to walls and roofs. The overhead power lines are very intrusive and the street lighting utilitarian.

The public realm around the playing field could be of a higher quality. At present the blockwork walls and rolled steel rails do not enhance the area.

General condition

In the main the village feels very well cared and the historic fabric is in good condition. However, Churchtown Farm appears very neglected and could become a building at risk if steps are not taken in the near future to carry out essential repairs and maintenance.

Picture 7.62 Urgent repairs need to be carried out at Churchtown Farm in order to prevent further deterioration.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 8 Problems and pressures

St Tudy still retains much of its historic integrity and is clearly valued by those who Public Realm live there. However it is important to raise awareness that an increasing number of Signage - although signage in the seemingly small alterations and village is generally low key and not developments can in aggregate seriously over intrusive it is fairly utilitarian, not compromise this integrity. always carefully sited and does not take account of the quality of the Historic Buildings surrounding environment. Lighting – the street lights in the village For the size of the village there is a good are a present in the form of brackets number of listed and historic buildings attached to existing poles. This is an which in the main are well maintained and excellent idea as it reduces the visual in good condition. Over the years however impact of a plethora of poles. However, there has been a certain amount of the design of the lights is very adaptation and alteration that is beginning utilitarian of a type more suited to a to impact on the character of the town bypass than a historic village. settlement.

Replacement windows and doors –a number of historic buildings have windows and doors in non-traditional materials or of inappropriate design and finish. These features not only diminish the historic integrity and aesthetic value of the building involved, but also have a detrimental impact on the historic character of the village as a whole. Dormers and roof lights –the majority of historic buildings in the village still have original scantle and rag slate roofs. The importance of these roofs as a characteristic of the village should be recognised and any moves to insert new dormers should be resisted. Roof lights should only be considered on rear elevations. Extensions and re-rendering – some houses have been modernised and Picture 8.1 Whilst the practise of re-using existing extended to such an extent they no poles is to be commended the style of the street longer appear to be historic buildings. lights is too utilitarian for their sensitive historic location.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT Garden walls and hedges - at present the majority of the village’s historic plot boundaries are still in place. Increasingly however, these unifying and historic features are under threat in order to create off road parking spaces. Overhead cables – there are areas in the village where the prevalence of overhead cables has a detrimental effect on the historic character.

Picture 8.2 Overhead cables have a detrimental effect on the historic character of the village.

New Building

In recent years there has been a certain amount of development within the historic core of the village in the form of both infill and redevelopment. Whilst there is nothing wrong with both in principle, in such a sensitive location it is essential they should be of the highest standard. Furthermore within the village centre many of the original historic plots still survive as gardens and open spaces adding greatly to the village’s charm and historic integrity - every effort should be made to preserve these historic plots.

Materials – part of the essential character of the village is the use of nautural local materials such as granite, slatestonestone, cob and slate. Recent development in the village centre however has included

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT artificial slate roofs. This sounds a jarring note drawing attention to the new buildings, rather than allowing them to merge into the surrounding historic landscape. Siting – traditionally buildings in the village have been sited to address the roads and lanes. They either immediately abut the highway or stand behind small front garden walls. In recent years new buildings have been sited away from the road, often without front garden walls leading to gaps in the streetscape. The attractive nature of St Tudy and its proximity to a number of towns has resulted in its expansion since the 1960s. However, if the village is overdeveloped it risks losing its unique historic value and relationship with the surrounding countryside.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 9 Recommendations

Historic Buildings Directions in order to control the demolition of walls and hedges, Windows and doors in the historic core especially for the creation of hard should be of traditional materials and standings. design. Historic windows should be Overhead cables – consideration repaired where possible or replaced should be given to the feasibility of to match originals. under-grounding cables. Otherwise St Tudy has an admirable survival of they should be appropriately sited in original slate roofs which contribute order to impact less on the surrounding greatly to the village’s character. In historic and natural environment. order to preserve this asset the Design guidance specific to the village insertion of dormer windows and the should be produced based on a replacement of natural slate coverings detailed audit of the materials, designs, should be discouraged. However on details and character of the historic unobtrusive rear elevations good buildings in order that any future quality small scale rooflights could be development (including extensions) considered. preserves and enhances the character Any extensions should accord with the of the settlement. principles set out in the North Cornwall Any new buildings should be sited District Council Design Guide which appropriately with reference to the include the following – extensions surrounding historic fabric and should not swamp the original building, respecting the road line. should complement the style, details, Further development should be limited proportions and materials of the to meeting the needs of those who original house, and should not be sited require affordable housing and to on the front of buildings. External those sites within the village historic wall coverings should be development limit set by North preserved where possible. Cornwall District Council. Further Public Realm development within historic plots should be avoided. Signage – given the historic sensitivity In order to ensure the contribution of the village core more thought could made by existing trees to the character be given to the placing of signs and of St Tudy (especially in the the use of better quality materials and churchyard and cemetery) is design. recognised and protected where Lighting – the practice of using existing necessary a full survey of the existing poles to carry the street lighting should trees, hedgerows and ornamental continue. However, the lights landscapes should be carried out. themselves should be of a design and materials more suitable to their sensitive surroundings. Garden walls – consideration should be given to the creation of Article 4

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 10 Opportunities

In order to promote St Tudy as an historic settlement information on its development and architecture could be provided by interpretation boards or by an exhibition in the Community Centre. A village trail could be produced not just for St Tudy itself, but linking it with the surrounding historic settlements.

The entrance to the playing field could be enhanced to make it more in keeping with the surrounding historic fabric and to encourage use by both local people and visitors.

Picture 10.1 The entrance to the playing field is at present very utilitarian and does not encourage investigation.

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT 1 Sources

Tithe Map (1843) Published sources Ordnance Survey 1st edn 1:2500 (c 1880) Barton, R, M, 1997, Life in Cornwall in the Early Nineteenth Century Ordnance Survey 2nd edn 1:2500 (1907)

Bird, S, 1988, The Book of Cornish Villages Websites

Goldsworthy, S, 1991, The Cornwall Village www.genuki.org.uk Book www.sttudy.org.uk Hitchins, F, 1824, The History of Cornwall, Volume II Cornwall County Council Historic Environment Record Kingdon, M and Dibble, S, 2000, The Binding Stone Memories of St Tudy Sites, Monuments and Buildings Record 1900-2000 1994 Historic Landscape Characterisation Maclean, J, 1873, The Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor in the County of Cornwall, Volume III

North Cornwall District Council, 1997, St Tudy Conservation Area Character Statement

Pevsner, N, 1996, The Buildings of England Cornwall

Polsue, J, 1867, Lake’s Parochial History of the County of Cornwall, Volume III

Rowe, D, 1978, Cornish Villages

Wallis, J, 1847, Cornwall Register

Strategic, policy and programme documents

North Cornwall District Local Plan 1999

Historic maps

Ordnance Survey Surveyor’s Drawing c1809

St Tudy Conservation Area Appraisal - DRAFT

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan

Endorsed June 2008

Contents

1 Introduction 4

2 General guidance 6

3 Roofs 7

4 Walls 10

5 Joinery 12

6 Enclosure and space 14

7 Townscape features 16

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 1 Introduction

This Conservation Area Management Plan (CAMP) is intended to stand alongside the Character Appraisal. Firstly there is general guidance on the conservation and enhancement of the key elements that contribute to the quality of the townscape. At the end of key sections is a list of best practice bullet points to aid retention of historic character and architectural quality.

It is hoped that the document will act as a reference for all who make decisions which may impact on the special character of St Tudy – property owners, planners, developers, designers, local authorities and statutory undertakers. To this end it will be available via the internet and in print form through the library, Parish Council etc.

The policy context is set by the Planning Acts – especially the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 and the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. National policy is supplemented by the Cornwall County Structure Plan and the North Cornwall District Council Local Plan. Some of the ideas in this CAMP may influence the future policy development for the village.

Special character is derived from the overall effect of many components and is dependent for its survival on a great number of individuals making informed choices about the management of their own piece of the jigsaw. Some control may be applied by the Local Planning Authority through Article 4(2) directions – these bring certain types of permitted development, such as replacement of windows or roofs, under Council jurisdiction.

It is of fundamental importance that owners and contractors recognise that their actions can and do have a significant impact on the quality of St Tudy. Good decisions and sympathetic works take more thought and often cost more; but the rewards are great and will be appreciated in decades to come by future generations.

Article 4(2) directions

Under Article 4 of the General Permitted Development Order 1995, a local authority may bring certain permitted development rights under their control. There are two routes to serving such notice – the more usual relates specifically to conservation areas and is covered by Article 4(2).

There are a range of works that may need to be the subject of an Article 4(2) direction – the most usual are alterations to windows, doors, roofs, chimneys and the like. Controlling the removal of enclosure that may otherwise be vulnerable to alteration, or the painting of certain buildings, are other examples which may be relevant in St Tudy.

If an LPA is minded to serve such notice they must specify the buildings that have frontages facing an identified location. That application needs to have been assessed and reasons for the Article 4 direction identified. The document and the Appraisal go some way to

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT identifying issues and locations where Article 4(2) could be usefully employed to protect the special character of St Tudy. It is, however, beyond the scope of this document to actually specify exact buildings and areas that need to be covered.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 2 General guidance

This guidance must be considered in conjunction with the NCDC Design Guide, which may be viewed at Council offices.

Archaeology

The history and nature of St Tudy means that there is archaeological potential virtually everywhere. Consequently any works that involve excavation may reveal interesting finds. Where work is subject to the planning process it will be considered within the context of the PPG 16 and may be subject to relevant conditions.

If work is being carried out by private owners they should be alert to pieces of artefacts, wall footings and changes in the colour of the earth. If such finds are made they should contact the Council for advice. Significant finds ought to be recorded to add to our understanding of historic St Tudy.

Statutory undertakers carrying out trench work ought to seek advice before starting and agree a watching brief where appropriate – for example if cable undergrounding is carried out.

Where there are conditions attached to any planning, listed building or conservation area approval or any other relevant approval requiring archaeological investigation and recording then this work shall be funded by the applicant as it is not supplied by the local planning authority or County Council. Similarly outside the planning system any investigation will require funding.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 3 Roofs

Roofs play an important part in the character of St Tudy as the use of local slate lends great homogenity to the village. The attractive roofscape is based on the quality and patina of the materials and the variety of form. There are both hipped and gabled roofs of varying pitch and orientation. Some are rag slate and others scantle.

Chimneys punctuate the roofscape and other quality details, in the form of rainwater goods etc, add richness on closer inspection.

Slate

Slate is the prevailing roofing material and a good deal of locally sourced historic roofing slate is in evidence.

Today there are a much wider variety of products available. Artificial slates should always be avoided as they inevitably cause serious harm to the quality of the roofscape. With natural slate being imported from Spain, South America and China, great care is needed when specifying real slate. Some of these are suitable replacements on non-prominent buildings or new-build, but they are never a satisfactory replacement for historic slate roofing. New slate ought to be fixed using nails – clips are usually specified to compensate for poor slate that splits when holed as using a correct lap will prevent windlift.

Owners of buildings with rag slate must be aware that the slate will actually have a lot of life left in it but may be suffering from nail rot. Opportunistic contractors will often offer such owners an amazingly cheap price to re-roof in artificial or imported slate, knowing that the rag or random slate they reclaim can be sold on or re-used on much more lucrative work elsewhere.

Chimneys

Loss of chimneys is nearly always detrimental to the character of the roofscape. It is seldom necessary and ought to be resisted. Repair or reconstruction must be the first aim unless there are extenuating circumstances such as serious structural concerns.

Alterations can rob chimneys of their distinctive character by the application of smooth, crisp render that hides stonework or flattens a pleasingly uneven substrate. Removal of drip slates and historic pots also detracts from the area.

Rainwater goods

Most of the historic rainwater goods in the village are cast iron. Traditional gutter profiles – mostly half round or ogee add to the appearance of individual buildings and collectively enrich whole streetscenes. With proper maintenance these items can offer good service for well over a hundred years. When replacement is needed there are plenty of suppliers of historic profiles - many are available factory finished and some in cast aluminium. Plastic is an inferior product which will not last as well or look as good – especially if it has a

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT modern box profile. It doesn't take paint well but unpainted it soon develops a coating of algae. Like other plastic building products, when it is replaced it has to go to landfill where it will not break down for centuries, so the environmental costs deserve consideration.

Ridges, hips, eaves and verges

Traditional ways of edging roofs are easily lost when roofing work is undertaken. Clay ridge tiles may be replaced by concrete, mitred slate or mortar fillet hips covered by tiles, box soffits replace open eaves or moulded fascias and slated or mortared verges can be lost to boards. All of these apparently slight changes have a far greater cumulative impact.

Lead details such as hips ought to be retained and where lead flashings have never existed they should only be added if that can be executed with subtlety. All new leadwork must be treated with patination oil to prevent oxidisation and leaching.

Dormers and rooflights

Apart from the raking half dormers on Elm Cottage and Pendraves, and the gabled half dormers on the Old Garage there is no real tradition of dormers in St Tudy and they should be avoided.

Rooflights can allow the use of valuable roofspace and there are good modern interpretations of low profile metal units available. Where they can be inserted with little impact to townscape views, especially on screened or rear roofslopes, this is acceptable. The smallest unit needed should be used and it ought to be a quality metal unit with a slender frame. In groups or terraces neighbours should try to use rooflights that are complementary in their size, type and location.

Solar Panels

Whilst the District Council clearly would wish to promote sound, sustainable energy systems, the choice of such systems can seriously erode the historic integrity of listed and unlisted buildings in conservation areas. Therefore careful consideration should be given to their positioning to avoid compromising the character of the historic environment. Very often there are alternative locations away from the historic building where solar panels can be fitted. This may indeed result in such equipment being fixed to less sensitive buildings which are part of the curtilage. Alternatively there are less obtrusive solutions available such as ground source heat pumps. Although solar panels can be reversible they can be most damaging to historic roofscapes.

Roofing: A summary

Note and record detailing before starting works to enable reinstatement. If traditional details are missing look to similar buildings for inspiration. Repair local historic rag and random slate roofs or re-use in situ. Maintain or recreate authentic details to ridges, hips, eaves and verges. Repair chimneys and retain historic pot or cowl details.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT Repair or reinstate metal rainwater goods in traditional profiles. Avoid dormers Only use rooflights and solar panels sensitively and consider impact on views.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 4 Walls

The historic building walls throughout the village are mainly constructed from slatestone, but there are a number of buildings constructed from both slatestone and cob. Many of the houses have granite dressings and parts of the church are constructed from granite ashlar. There area number of untreated stone walls, but many have been rendered, particularly where the walls are cob.

Great care and understanding is needed in the repair of all traditional materials in order to prolong their useful life and protect them from decay. Careful appraisal of prevalent materials in a particular locality ought to inform and inspire the designers of new buildings so that contemporary additions enrich the area.

Choice of colour is a matter of taste, but it is worth remembering that plain limewash was almost ubiquitous in the past and only natural pigments were available. Bolder colours like blues and greens were beyond the reach of all but the most wealthy; consequently these colours often seem unsuitable on humbler dwellings.

Stonework

Although most of the stone used in St Tudy is durable, these walls are still vulnerable to damage if poorly treated. All stonework must be pointed using lime mortar that flexes with the walls and allows them to breathe. Pointing should also be flush or slightly recessed, especially on wider joints, and should never project in front of the faces. A well-graded sand free of ‘soft’ (or fine clayey) particles is best for most work.

Render

Render covers rubble stone and cob on a variety of buildings as noted above. Traditionally this render was always lime based and that remains the only sensible choice as cement based renders are incompatible with these building types.

Generally speaking the finish of render is a reflection of the status of the building and/or its function. So functional buildings, humble cottages and the rear elevations of some higher status dwellings have roughcast or float finished render that follows the unevenness of the wall beneath. These renders were hand-thrown to achieve a better key and texture is derived from the coarse aggregate; modern ‘tyrolean’ type finishes take their texture from cementitious droplets and have a fundamentally different character. Grander and more aspirational buildings have smooth render, sometimes fine stucco; these renders may be lined in imitation of ashlar stonework below. Considerable skill is needed to achieve this type of finish.

The coating of lime renders with modern masonry paint will trap moisture over time and can cause failure of the render. This is often interpreted as the failure of an inferior old fashioned product, but it is in fact the result of conflicting technologies. Where possible

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT historic renders ought to be repaired and retained, with masonry paint removed using specialist stripping products. Limewash remains by far the best and most effective surface coating on old buildings, but it is pointless applying it over paint.

Slate hanging

Slate hanging is not common in the village but does exist on exposed locations where penetrating damp has been a problem. However it is not a dominant historic feature in the village and its application as a decorative feature or as part of the design of new build should be discouraged.

Brickwork

Such was the plentiful local supply of slatestone and granite that the historic use of brick in St Tudy is confined to chimneys and window and door surrounds. The use of lime mortars for repair is equally important for brickwork.

Walls: A summary

Surviving uncoated slatestone walls should be retained and appropriately maintained Traditional finishes should be repaired whenever possible, not replaced. Compatible materials and finishes are essential on historic walls. Authentic finishes should not be removed or covered. Where traditional finishes have been lost, sympathetic reinstatement is desirable. Limewash allows old walls to breathe; masonry paint traps moisture.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 5 Joinery

Authentic joinery adds to the historic character and visual quality of any Conservation Area. The extent of survival is often indicative of the percentage of listed buildings; but also of the value local people place on the historic fabric of their town. Like many other places St Tudy has a mix of original joinery and replacements, some sensitive but some that is poorly detailed.

At present the replacement of windows and doors is not controlled on unlisted buildings. The Local Planning Authority (LPA) will consider Article 4(2) directions to prevent harmful alterations in the future. It is always preferable, however, for owners to recognise that sensitive maintenance adds value to their own property and contributes to the sense of place.

Historic joinery ought to be seen as antique furniture that changes hands as part of a larger deal and can easily be overlooked. It only takes one inconsiderate owner to destroy the historic appearance of a building by ill-considered renovation; with property changing hands as frequently as it does today there is a steady stream of buildings whose luck has run out. There are few people who would throw a 200 year old chair or table in a skip – their potential value is usually appreciated – yet it happens to windows and doors regularly. These artefacts are a finite resource that embodies the craftsmanship of earlier generations and records the materials and techniques they used.

Unless badly neglected over a long period of time, traditional joinery is rarely beyond repair. In many cases the timber used was so well sourced and seasoned that it is far more durable than any modern alternative. Detail may have been lost by years of painting but great care needs to be taken when stripping paint though as historic paints contained lead. If repair is not possible, replica replacement is the next best thing; though replacement requires the use of primary resources and energy that makes it a less sustainable option. The use of imported hardwood from unsustainable sources ought to be avoided and PVCu has significant ecological issues in production and disposal.

There is no product that is maintenance free. Timber needs painting every few years, but each time the result looks fresh and new. After a hundred years or more sash cords or hinges may need renewal; this is quite easily done and gives the unit a new lease of life. When modern opening mechanisms or double glazed units breakdown the answer is replacement of the whole unit – hence the piles of PVCu windows accumulating at recycling centres in the absence of satisfactory means of disposal.

Windows

The size, type and design of the windows in an historic building reveal much about its age or development, its use and the status of its occupants in the past. Humbler buildings often have casement windows that vary in design according to age, use and local custom. Sash windows also vary in size and detail according to age and use. The enduring popularity of sash windows reflects their versatility in providing controlled ventilation.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT The intrinsic value of the view through an historic window is appreciated by many sympathetic owners. They enjoy the elegance of the glazing bars and enthuse about the distortion and play of light in imperfect historic glass. With care, old glass can be salvaged and re-used; where it has been lost, modern equivalents can be sourced from specialist suppliers.

When new windows are needed there are a number of issues to consider:-

Proportion and subdivision – The glazing pattern of the original windows ought to be retained, (or restored if lost), as that is a critical part of the whole building. It indicates the size of glass available or affordable at the time of construction. Mode of opening – The introduction of top hung or tilt-and-turn opening lights is always visually jarring and harmful to historic character. Overlapping ‘storm-seal’ type details are an entirely modern introduction and are unnecessary if flush units are properly made. Spring loaded sashes are an inferior replacement mechanism compared with properly weighted double-hung sashes. Glazing – Traditional glazing bar profiles, properly jointed and glazed with putty, (or glazing compound), rather than beading, will give a genuine appearance. Thermal insulation – Double glazing cannot be achieved within traditional multiple pane designs without bars being either much too thick or fake. Beading is nearly always added which further detracts from the appearance. Attempting to introduce double glazing into a traditional design usually means a small air gap that hugely reduces the insulation properties anyway. The use of shutters and/or insulated curtains can greatly reduce heat loss without the need for window replacement. Draught-proofing – The most significant heat loss through old windows is due to poor fitting and lack of draught-stripping. There are proprietary systems that retro-fit draught excluders and greatly reduce the amount of air changes and so heat loss. Sills – Traditional sills should be retained unless beyond repair.

Doors

Doors are just as vulnerable to insensitive replacement as windows. The conservation principles summarized above can be applied equally to doors. Most traditional door types allow for individual expression by painting and attractive ironmongery etc. Unfortunately many owners choose to express their individuality by replacing a serviceable vintage door with an off-the-peg unit in stained hardwood or PVCu.

Joinery : A summary

Historic joinery items add character and quality to the village and ought to be retained and repaired if at all possible. When replacement is necessary, this ought to be in exact replica. Where joinery has been lost in the past and reinstatement is desirable, look at similar properties in the vicinity for inspiration. Design, mode of opening and colour of finish are the most important considerations on unlisted buildings.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 6 Enclosure and space

In the past enclosure was about demarcation and also keeping out passing animals. The spaces generated by enclosure can be of considerable historic interest in their own right, especially where they have a strong association with a particular use such as alotment gardens behind cottages or the landscaped gardens of larger houses. Although the planning system rightly encourages the use of brownfield land and infill sites there are gaps and spaces which deserve protection from development. Sometimes this may be due to specific historical associations such as with religious groups in other cases it may simply be the contribution a green space or garden makes to the streetscene and the setting of significant buildings. The potential significance of any space must be fully considered if development proposals are made. The desirability of preserving or enhancing the conservation area is the fundamental judgement that must be applied; in many cases this will mean that a space is integral to the special character of the place and there should be a strong presumption in favour of protection.

Historic enclosure is threatened with change by the desire for greater privacy – leading to the addition of timber fence panels for example. Alternatively it may be removed to provide parking. Walls or other means of enclosure more than 1m high fronting a highway (and 2m elsewhere) cannot be demolished without Conservation Area Consent. New walls of those dimensions cannot be erected without Planning Permission.

The tendency towards close-boarded fencing is one that is having a very tangible visual impact. Apart from being a characteristically modern approach, these fences are quite expensive, require regular maintenance over the years and make it difficult to establish planting due to overshadowing and wind damage. Timber fences also tend to be stained in eye-catching colours that are often unsympathetic to an historic setting.

Garden structures can also be jarring elements if poorly located, badly designed or brightly coloured.

Walls

Slatestone walls are the most common means of enclosure in the village. Appearance varies with age and function but the consistency of material gives a unity to the townscape that can be easily taken for granted. There are a few dry stone walls but mortared stone walls are more commonplace. A variety of different copings can be found including slatestone, spar and clay tiles. In addition to slatestone there are some notable cob and slatestone walls and a number of garden walls formed from slabs of slate.

For new enclosure in much of the village slatestone walling is likely to be the most suitable option, provided the height and style relates to any established local trend.

There are no historic brick walls and brick should not be used on new work.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT Hedges

In the more rural parts of the village and where property adjoins farmland, hedges are characteristic. A mixed deciduous planting of hawthorn, field maple, hazel, holly, beech and other indigenous species is most traditional. Within a few years such a hedge can be laid to form a dense and effective boundary that is a wildlife resource that can draw insects, birds and small mammals into gardens.

Single species plantings of beech, yew, laurel or box may be appropriate in some circumstances but are not a practical solution for most places and they demand more maintenance than a rustic mixed hedge.

Modern coniferous hedges support little wildlife and can often be unattractive and not very neighbourly.

Hurdles

The traditional approach to fencing is making something of a comeback in recent years. Hazel hurdles would have been a familiar sight in the past and can now be purchased in ready-made panels for quick and effective enclosure. Hazel and willow can also be bought bundled for the more enthusiastic person to weave their own fence.

As well as being made of more sustainable materials without chemical treatment and keeping an old craft alive, these fences are more permeable to wind making them less likely to blow over and allowing plants to establish more readily.

Garden structures

The siting of sheds, summerhouses, decking, gazebos or other structures should be sensitively located. If visible locations are unavoidable, good design and naturally painted materials should be used to make the structures less jarring.

Garden structures nearly always need planing permission within the curtilage of a listed building. There are also size restrictions for permitted development within the conservation area so it is wise to consult the LPA when considering such works.

Enclosure : A summary

Spaces, gardens and yards add to the special character of St Tudy and ought to be retained if development would mean the loss of an historic and/or attractive element of the townscape. Retain historic enclosure wherever possible. If enclosure has been lost, consider the locality and use an appropriate replacement.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT 7 Townscape features

In addition to the buildings and walls that give St Tudy its special character there are other items that make a significant contribution to the overall appearance. There are attractive items that need to be cherished and retained and in some cases repaired or enhanced.

Floorscape

In keeping with its rural ambience there is very little paving in St Tudy. There are however a areas of traditional paving, cobblestones and granite gullies. Where these survive they should be left uncovered and well maintained.

Carriageways are blacktop and it is better to use this honest and established surfacing rather than introduce manufactured paviours or other surface treatments.

Seating

There are some thoughtfully located seats throughout the village where the pedestrian can stop a while and enjoy the place. The benches should continue to be maintained.

Signage

In order to avoid clutter and a down-at-heel atmosphere more thought could be given to the placing of signs and the use of better quality materials and design.

Lighting

The practice of using existing poles to carry the street lighting should continue. However, the lights themselves should be of a design and materials more suitable to their sensitive surroundings.

Overhead Cables

Consideration should be given to the feasibility of under-grounding cables. Otherwise they should be appropriately sited in order to impact less on the surrounding historic and natural environment.

Planting

Trees and hedges are an important element of many significant views and their retention is often of considerable importance. Work to trees in conservation areas is controlled and owners or contractors must contact the LPA for advice before embarking on felling, topping or lopping works.

Decorative planting has its place in the public realm, but needs to be well planned and maintained to be a positive feature. On private land owners can enhance their little bit of the village with suitable planting – it can often be the finishing touch that makes a location really special.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT Street ephemera

The informal elements of the townscape such as the granite troughs, the binding stone, stone steps, mounting blocks, tethering ring and pumps whilst small features in themselves greatly enhance the character of the village. Any attempts at their removal or replacement should be strenuously opposed.

St Tudy Conservation Area Management Plan - DRAFT