DESIGN NINE Broadband Planners TABLE of CONTENTS
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BROADBAND FOR FRANKLIN COUNTY Broadband Assessment and Plan August 2019 Wireless Design Implementation Phases # PhAse 1 Towers ! PhAse 1 Poles UV635 # PhAse 2 Towers ! PhAse 2 Poles # PhAse 3 Towers ! PhAse 3 Poles Windy Gap UV678 Wireless Connections Wireless Network CoverAge UV116 ¤£220 UV122 Burnt Chimney Tower Cahas Tower Summit View Tower Blue Ridge Tower UV635 UV122 Dudley Grassy Hill Redwood Substation Tower Rocky Mount Union Hall CATCE Glade Hill Franklin County Substation Callaway High School UV40 Lee M Waid Glade Hill Penhook Elementary Substation Cooks Knob Tower UV40 Pigg Tower Sontag Ferrum Thornton Substation Endicott Tower ¤£220 Toms Knob Tower Henry FD Tower Henry Elementary ² UV108 Snow Creek Tower 08/016/2019 Credits: Esri, FrAnklin County VA 0 7.5 15 Miles Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA DESIGN NINE broadband planners TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Broadband Infrastructure as a Utility ______________________1 1.1 THE SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS MODEL _________________________3 2 What is Government’s Role? _____________________________5 3 Governance and Ownership Options _____________________6 3.1 ABOUT BROADBAND AUTHORITIES ______________________________________6 3.2 ABOUT NONPROFITS ____________________________________________________7 3.3 ABOUT COOPS _________________________________________________________8 3.4 GOVERNANCE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION ______________________________10 3.5 RECOMMENDATION ____________________________________________________10 5 Existing Assets and Demography ________________________11 5.1 EXISTING BROADBAND COVERAGE AT 25/3 SPEEDS _______________________12 5.2 EXISTING DSL COVERAGE AT 25/3 SPEEDS ________________________________13 5.3 FIXED POINT WIRELESS AT 25/3 SPEEDS __________________________________14 5.4 CELLULAR COVERAGE BY ALL PROVIDERS _________________________________15 5.5 25/3 COVERAGE WITH ADDRESS POINTS _________________________________16 5.6 UNDERSERVED BY CENSUS BLOCK GROUP ________________________________17 5.7 POINTS OF INTEREST ____________________________________________________18 5.8 LMI AREAS OF THE COUNTY _____________________________________________19 5.9 TOWER ASSETS AND SUB-STATIONS ______________________________________20 5.10 FIBER ASSETS __________________________________________________________21 6 Existing Service Areas and Service Options _______________22 6.1 ZIP CODE DATA _________________________________________________________24 6.2 LOCAL PRICING DATA ___________________________________________________26 7 Needs Assessment _____________________________________30 7.1 HOW MUCH BANDWIDTH IS ENOUGH? ___________________________________30 7.2 RESIDENTIAL BANDWIDTH NEEDS ________________________________________31 7.3 ACTIVITIES IN NEIGHBORING COUNTIES __________________________________32 8 Level Of Service _______________________________________33 8.1 CLOSING THE BROADBAND GAP _________________________________________33 8.2 LIMITING FACTORS ______________________________________________________33 8.3 CURRENT AND FUTURE USES AND SERVICES ______________________________34 12 Last Mile Connectivity Solutions ________________________37 12.1 OVERVIEW OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES _______________________________37 12.2 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES _____________________________________________37 12.3 EMERGING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES __________________________________38 12.4 DARK FIBER AND LIT FIBER ______________________________________________40 12.5 TERRAIN CHALLENGES _________________________________________________41 12.6 CONNECTIVITY SOLUTIONS ____________________________________________42 12.7 SMALL CELL BROADBAND POLES _______________________________________46 12.8 NANO-CELL AND WIFI CALLING SERVICE ________________________________47 13 Recommendations for Implementation __________________48 13.1 FIXED POINT WIRELESS EXPANSION _____________________________________49 13.2 FIBER TO THE HOME EXPANSION _______________________________________54 13.3 ABOUT IMPLEMENTATION STUDIES _____________________________________57 13.4 WIRELESS CONSTRUCTION COST FACTORS ______________________________57 13.5 WIRELESS TOWER COST ESTIMATES _____________________________________60 13.6 TOWER SPACE ONLY COST ESTIMATE ____________________________________61 13.7 POINT TO POINT BACKHAUL NETWORK _________________________________62 13.8 NEW TOWER ONLY COST ESTIMATE _____________________________________63 13.9 SMALL CELL BROADBAND UTILITY POLE ACCESS COSTS __________________64 14 Broadband Education Strategies _______________________66 14.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN EDUCATION CAMPAIGN ___________________66 DISTRIBUTION ______________________________________________________________66 14.2 MARKETING MATERIALS ________________________________________________67 15 Economic Development Strategies _____________________68 15.1JOB AND WORKFORCE CHALLENGES ____________________________________68 15.2 BUSINESS BANDWIDTH NEEDS __________________________________________69 16 Partnerships and Funding Strategies ____________________71 16.1 PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES __________________________________________71 16.2 FUNDING STRATEGIES _________________________________________________72 17 Organization and Network Operations __________________81 17.1 WISP TOWER LEASE MANAGEMENT _____________________________________81 17.2 OPERATING A DARK FIBER NETWORK ____________________________________83 17.3 OPERATING A LIT FIBER NETWORK ______________________________________85 17.4 NETWORK EXPANSION _________________________________________________86 17.5 TYPICAL CONTRACT SERVICES __________________________________________86 17.6 OTHER MANAGEMENT ROLES __________________________________________87 17.7 ASSET MANAGEMENT __________________________________________________87 17.8 TOWER SITE AND TOWER MANAGEMENT ________________________________88 17.9 LEGAL AND REGULATORY ______________________________________________91 18 Obstacles, Challenges, and Successes __________________92 18.1 OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES _________________________________________92 18.2 SUCCESSES ___________________________________________________________94 Appendix A: Glossary ___________________________________96 Appendix B: Tower Owner Data __________________________98 Appendix C: Wireless Cost Data _________________________101 Appendix D: Estimated Wireless Coverage _______________104 Disclaimer The telecommunications business is continually evolving. We have made our best effort to apply our experience and knowledge to the business and technical information contained herein. We believe the data we have presented at this point in time to be accurate and to be representative of the current state of the telecommunications industry. Design Nine, Inc. presents this information solely for planning purposes. This document is not intended to be a replacement for formal engineering studies that are normally required to implement a telecommunications infrastructure. No warranty as to the fitness of this information for any particular building, network, or system is expressed or implied. Design Nine, Inc. will not be responsible for the misuse or misapplication of this information. For more information: www.designnine.com 1 BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE AS A UTILITY Governments build and manage roads, but don’t own or manage the businesses that use those roads to deliver goods and services. The tremendous versatility of the Internet and the underlying technology bases now allows services that used to require their own, separate (analog) road system (voice telephony and TV services) to be delivered alongside other services like Internet access on a single, integrated digital road system. If we managed overnight package delivery the way we manage telecom, UPS and Fedex would only deliver packages to residences and businesses where each delivery firm had built a private road for their exclusive use. We recognize immediately the limitations of such a business model–few of us would have overnight package delivery to our homes because the small number of packages delivered would not justify the expense of building a private paved road. Before the rise of the automobile, most roads were built largely by the private sector. After cars became important to commerce and economic development, communities began building and maintaining roads because it became an economic development imperative to have a modern transportation system in communities. Before the rise of the Internet, digital networks were built largely by the private sector. As broadband has become critical to commerce and economic development, communities with digital roads are more competitive globally. The time has come to recognize that it is inefficient and wasteful to build full duplicated digital road systems, which only raise the cost of telecom services to all public and private users. Networks that share capacity among a wide variety of public and private users have a lower cost of construction and a lower cost of operation—benefiting all users. Franklin County Broadband Plan Page !1 of !105 A UTILITY COMPARISON SHARED ROADS SHARED AIRPORTS SHARED TELECOM Historically, roads have been Airports are built and Towers, duct and fiber may be built and maintained by the maintained by a community or installed and maintained by the community for the use of all, region as an economic and community and/or a neutral especially private firms that community development asset. owner/operator for the use of want to use them to deliver Both public and private users all, including private firms that goods and services. benefit from the shared use