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Lecture 03 Alberti ARCH 242: BUILDING HISTORY II HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION: RENAISSANCE & BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE 01 WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE? - Does it refer to the visual composition of a building? - Does it refer to specific periods in history i.e. Renaissance, Baroque, Modern Styles? - Does it move beyond categorization? - Does it refer to architectural principles? - Is it specific to an architect? 02 AGENDA FOR TODAY . LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI - The Allegorical Architect - Alberti’s Treatises & Themes - Holy Sepulchre, Florence - San Sebastiano, Mantua - Palazzo Rucellai, Florence - Santa Maria Novella, Florence - Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini - Sant’ Andrea, Mantua 03 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy 04 LOCATIONS IN ITALY Mantua Genoa Rimini Florence Map of Italy 05 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy - Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc. 06 RENAISSANCE HUMANISM A scholarly movement that began in the 14th century - A rejection of scholarly education from the Middle Ages - Upheld empirical observation and experience - Humanist ideas stemmed from ancient manuscripts - “Renaissance Man” Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1485-1490 07 DELLA PITTURA ON PAINTING A modern treatise on painting - Alberti wrote three treatises * De Statua On Sculpture * De re Aedificatoria On Building * Della Pittura On Painting - On Painting completed in 1435 - Paved the way for art in the Renaissance - Documents Brunelleschi’s theories of perspective The Trinity by Masaccio, circa 1427 08 PERSPECTIVE Albrecht Dürer’s Man Drawing a Reclining Woman, 16th century 09 ARCHITECTURAL NOTATION Alberti’s system of human proportion & his perspective grid 10 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy - Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc. - The allegorical architect 11 ALBERTI IN ROME Engraving by Aegidius Sadeler II, Palatine Hill in Rome, 1606 12 DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING Vitruvius - The Ten Books on Architecture - Architecture is an imitation of nature - Vitruvian Virtues 1- Firmitas 2- Utilitas 3- Venustas 13 DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING Alberti’s treatise on Architecture - From 1440- 1452 - Modeled after Vitruvius’ The Ten Books on Architecture - First architectural treatise of the Renaissance - Cataloged the features and proportions of the orders of antiquity - Established a theory of harmonious proportions 14 ALBERTI’S THEMATICS During the Renaissance, the formation of Architecture as a discipline takes place - Architecture evolved from here into what it is today - Renaissance ideas are challenged today, but they are necessary in evolving the discipline - What are Alberti’s thematics? - How does Alberti deploy these thematics? 15 IDENTICALITY During the Renaissance, there was a push for identicality - The middle ages were the artisan’s time - Printing press invented by German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 - Alberti’s scaled drawings upheld the idea of identicality - Alberti believed that construction should be left to the builder and Architecture left to the thinking man 16 HOLY SEPULCHRE Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed 17 RUCELLAI FAMILY Giovanni Rucellai 1403-1481 - A Florentine wool-dyer turned banker - Interested in humanism - A great patron of the arts, who made many contributions to the city of Florence 18 HOLY SEPULCHRE Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed 19 SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460 20 SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460 21 MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY 01 San Sebastiano 02 02 Sant’ Andrea 01 22 THE IDEAL CITY Perugino’s Christ Giving the Keys to Peter, 1480, Sistine Chapel Rome 23 THE IDEAL CITY Raphael’s Marriage of the Virgin, 1504 Anonymous, 1504 24 FLORENCE, ITALY 01 Palazzo Rucellai 02 Santa Maria Novella 02 01 25 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 26 PALAZZO MEDICI, 1444, MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMEO 27 FACADE TYPOLOGIES IN FLORENCE Palazzo Pitti, 1457 on Palazzo Strozzi, 1489-1490 28 PALAZZO MEDICI & PALAZZO RUCELLAI Palazzo Medici, 1444 Palazzo Rucellai, 1455 on 29 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 30 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 31 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 32 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 33 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 Old St Peters in Rome, Basilican Cross-Section 34 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 35 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 36 RIMINI, ITALY 01 Tempio Malatestiano 01 37 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 38 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 39 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 Basilica of Maxentius, 307-312, Rome 40 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 Arch of Augustus, 27 BC, Rimini 41 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 42 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 43 MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY 01 San Sebastiano 02 02 Sant’ Andrea 01 44 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 45 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome 46 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 47 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 48 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 49 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 50 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON 51 FACADES OF SANT’ ANDREA & PALAZZO RUCELLAI 52 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 Questions? 53.
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