ARCH 242: BUILDING HISTORY II History of the profession: Renaissance & baroque Architecture
01 WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE?
- Does it refer to the visual composition of a building?
- Does it refer to specific periods in history i.e. Renaissance, Baroque, Modern Styles?
- Does it move beyond categorization?
- Does it refer to architectural principles?
- Is it specific to an architect?
02 AGENDA FOR TODAY . . .
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI
- The Allegorical Architect
- Alberti’s Treatises & Themes
- Holy Sepulchre, Florence
- Palazzo Rucellai, Florence
- Santa Maria Novella, Florence
- Sant’ Andrea, Mantua
Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472
- Born in Genoa, Italy
- Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy
04 LOCATIONS IN ITALY
Mantua
Genoa Rimini Florence
Map of Italy
05 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI
Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472
- Born in Genoa, Italy
- Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy
- Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc.
06 RENAISSANCE HUMANISM
A scholarly movement that began in the 14th century
- A rejection of scholarly education from the Middle Ages
- Upheld empirical observation and experience
- Humanist ideas stemmed from ancient manuscripts
- “Renaissance Man”
Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1485-1490
07 DELLA PITTURA ON PAINTING
A modern treatise on painting
- Alberti wrote three treatises * De Statua On Sculpture * De re Aedificatoria On Building * Della Pittura On Painting
- On Painting completed in 1435
- Paved the way for art in the Renaissance
- Documents Brunelleschi’s theories of perspective
The Trinity by Masaccio, circa 1427
08 PERSPECTIVE
Albrecht Dürer’s Man Drawing a Reclining Woman, 16th century
09 ARCHITECTURAL NOTATION
Alberti’s system of human proportion & his perspective grid
10 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI
Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472
- Born in Genoa, Italy
- Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy
- Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc.
- The allegorical architect
11 ALBERTI IN ROME
Engraving by Aegidius Sadeler II, Palatine Hill in Rome, 1606
12 DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING
Vitruvius
- The Ten Books on Architecture
- Architecture is an imitation of nature
- Vitruvian Virtues
1- Firmitas
2- Utilitas
3- Venustas
13 DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING
Alberti’s treatise on Architecture
- From 1440- 1452
- Modeled after Vitruvius’ The Ten Books on Architecture
- First architectural treatise of the Renaissance
- Cataloged the features and proportions of the orders of antiquity
- Established a theory of harmonious proportions
14 ALBERTI’S THEMATICS
During the Renaissance, the formation of Architecture as a discipline takes place
- Architecture evolved from here into what it is today
- Renaissance ideas are challenged today, but they are necessary in evolving the discipline
- What are Alberti’s thematics?
- How does Alberti deploy these thematics?
15 IDENTICALITY
During the Renaissance, there was a push for identicality
- The middle ages were the artisan’s time
- Printing press invented by German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440
- Alberti’s scaled drawings upheld the idea of identicality
- Alberti believed that construction should be left to the builder and Architecture left to the thinking man
16 HOLY SEPULCHRE
Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed
17 RUCELLAI FAMILY
Giovanni Rucellai 1403-1481
- A Florentine wool-dyer turned banker
- Interested in humanism
- A great patron of the arts, who made many contributions to the city of Florence
18 HOLY SEPULCHRE
Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed
19 SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460
20 SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460
21 MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY
01 San Sebastiano 02 02 Sant’ Andrea
01
22 THE IDEAL CITY
Perugino’s Christ Giving the Keys to Peter, 1480, Sistine Chapel Rome
23 THE IDEAL CITY
Raphael’s Marriage of the Virgin, 1504 anonymous, 1504
24 FLORENCE, ITALY
01 Palazzo Rucellai
02 Santa Maria Novella 02
01
25 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON
26 PALAZZO MEDICI, 1444, MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMEO
27 FACADE TYPOLOGIES IN FLORENCE
Palazzo Pitti, 1457 on Palazzo Strozzi, 1489-1490
28 PALAZZO MEDICI & PALAZZO RUCELLAI
Palazzo Medici, 1444 Palazzo Rucellai, 1455 on
29 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON
30 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON
31 PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON
32 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455
33 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455
Old St Peters in Rome, Basilican Cross-Section
34 SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455
35 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
36 RIMINI, ITALY
01 Tempio Malatestiano
01
37 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
38 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
39 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
Basilica of Maxentius, 307-312, Rome
40 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
Arch of Augustus, 27 BC, Rimini
41 TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450
42 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
43 MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY
01 San Sebastiano 02 02 Sant’ Andrea
01
44 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
45 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome
46 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
47 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
48 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
49 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
50 SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON
51 FACADES OF SANT’ ANDREA & PALAZZO RUCELLAI
52 LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI
Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472
Questions?
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