DOCSLIB.ORG

Applications of Graphene in Catalysis Sunil P Lonkar and Ahmed a Abdala* Department of Chemical Engineering, the Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Applications of Graphene in Catalysis Sunil P Lonkar and Ahmed a Abdala* Department of Chemical Engineering, the Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAE dynam mo ic er s h & Lonkar and Abdala, J Thermodyn Catal 2014, 5:2 T f C o a DOI: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000132 t l a a l Journal of y n r s i u s o J ISSN: 2157-7544 Thermodynamics & Catalysis Review Article OpenOpen Access Access Applications of Graphene in Catalysis Sunil P Lonkar and Ahmed A Abdala* Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAE Abstract The extraordinary and unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of graphene have led to the de- velopment of graphene-based materials for a wide range of applications in different fields. Amongst, the use of graphene-based materials in the field of catalysis has attracted the interests of researchers in the last few years. Due to its extremely high surface area and adsorption capacities, graphene is expected to function as an excellent catalyst support material. Moreover, an ability to tune its structure using desired functionalities have added significant versatility for such materials in metal free catalyst systems. The interest is due to the activity and stability of graphene based catalysts through tailoring its structures/morphologies, catalytic performance, and design for synthesis, cata- lytic mechanisms. This editorial note summarizes the versatile applications of graphene-based catalysts in organic synthesis as a carbocatalyst, metal free catalysis, in photocatalysis, and as a catalyst support and provides an out- look on future trends and perspectives for graphene applications in sustainable catalysis. Introduction the parallel growth of publications related to catalysis applications of graphene which accounts about a quarter of all graphene publication. Graphene, the amazing two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, has attracted extensive interest in recent years and emerged as the This advancement underlines the colossal potential of graphene most intensively studied material [1]. In 2004, Geim and Nosovelov at to replace the precious metals used in common catalysts, and Manchester University successfully isolated single layer graphene by can be increasingly used in organic synthesis for various selective the mechanical cleavage of graphite crystal [2]. This ‘‘thinnest’’ known transformations of simple and complex molecules in time to come. material exhibits extraordinary electronic, chemical, mechanical, In the following sections we briefly shed light on applications of thermal and optical properties which bestowed graphene as a miracle graphene materials in different field of catalysis and also discussed the material of the 21st Century. From applicative perspectives, graphene current trends in the field. holds a great promise with the potential to be used as energy-storage materials, in nanoelectronics, in catalysis, biomedical, in polymer Graphene as a Carbocatalyst composites and many more [3-5]. The use of heterogeneous carbon materials for the transformation 2 Structurally, graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp - or synthesis of organic or inorganic substrates are often termed as bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal carbocatalysts. Recently, the use of metal free catalysts based on lattice. The high versatility of properties and numerous projected carbonaceous materials attracting a great deal of interest. Graphene applications have triggered the development of graphene synthesis based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) are considered as a using various methodologies and substrates. Several production new class of carbocatalysts and opened a series of novel application techniques for mass production of graphene encompassing bottom- possibilities in chemical synthesis. Since, Bielawski and co-workers up and top-down methods ranging from the mechanical exfoliation of [10] demonstrated the ability of graphene-based materials to facilitate high quality graphite to the direct growth on carbides or suitable metal a number of synthetically useful transformations, the concept of substrates and from the chemical routes using graphene oxide have “carbocatalysis” being widely explored and considered as an intriguing been developed [5]. Amongst, graphene derivatives i.e graphene oxide new direction in chemistry and materials science. The surface bound (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) obtained from chemical oxygenated functional groups on the aromatic scaffold of GO is oxidation process contains substantial oxygenated functional groups that even after sufficient reduction, cannot be completely removed [6]. believed to allow ionic and nonionic interactions with a wide range The resulting graphene oxide contains abundant oxygen functional of molecules. Numerous transformation, including the oxidation groups on both the basal planes and edges (Figure 1). Similar to of alcohols and alkenes into their respective aldehydes and ketones, carbon nanotubes, these functional groups can offer a platform for as well as the hydration of alkynes have carried out using graphene various chemical reactions [7]. Hence, graphene offers a wide range as a carbocatalyst. Recent reviews by Garcia et al. [8] (Figure 3) and of possibilities to synthesize graphene-based functional materials with Loh et al. [11] comprehensively accounted a recent progress in the potential in numerous applications including catalysis. Recently, owing its surface decorated myriad oxygenated functions *Corresponding author: Ahmed A Abdala, Department of Chemical and conductivity with very high surface area, use of graphene materials Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAE, Tel: either as metal-free catalysts or as supports for immobilizing active +971-2-607 5584; E-mail: [email protected] species for facilitating synthetic transformations is emerging as an Received July 18, 2014; Accepted August 01, 2014; Published August 10, 2014 area of great potential [8,9]. The boundless growth of graphene in Citation: Lonkar SP, Abdala AA (2014) Applications of Graphene in Catalysis. J catalysis has been evidenced by the number of annual publications Thermodyn Catal 5: 132. doi: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000132 on “graphene” and “graphene and Catalysis” as depicted in figure 2 which shows the annual number of publications using “Graphene” Copyright: © 2014 Lonkar SP, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits and “Graphene and Catalysis” provided using Scopus database. These unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the numbers indicate the very rapid growth of graphene publications and original author and source are credited. J Thermodyn Catal ISSN: 2157-7544 JTC, an open access journal Volume 5 • Issue 2 • 1000132 Citation: Lonkar SP, Abdala AA (2014) Applications of Graphene in Catalysis. J Thermodyn Catal 5: 132. doi: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000132 Page 2 of 6 O O O HO O O OH O HO OH O OH HO HO HO HO O O OH HO HO OH OH O OH O OH OH O OH OH O O O O O O Graphene Oxide (GO) Reduced Graphene Oxide Figure 1: Structural model of single layer graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. 12000 4000 Graphene Graphene and Catalyst 9000 3000 6000 2000 Annual talyst Ca Publication Publication 3000 1000 Graphene Annual Publications Publications Annual Graphene Graphene and Graphene 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year Figure 2: Annual Number of Publication returned from a Scopus Search using “Graphene” and “Graphene and Catalysis” as keywords. field of graphene enabled carbocatalysis. It is observed that the GO explore graphene materials for catalytic performance in added catalytic with myriad oxygen atoms on its surface can function as an efficient transformations. oxidant during anaerobic oxidation and undergo reduction at the end The demonstrated activity of graphene as a carbocatalyst can be of the first catalytic cycle. Moreover, reduced graphene oxides with further extended towards other methodologies by the exploitation of its residual oxygenated species continue to activate molecular oxygen surface modifications and edge defects of GO. The structural features during aerobic oxidation. of graphene may offer a wide array of conversion and selectivity by Bielawski and co-workers have significantly contributed on use tailoring the morphology and functionalities on the surface. of graphene materials in various catalytic applications [12], including the oxidation of sulfides and thiols, C–H oxidation, Claisen–Schmidt Doped Graphene in Catalysis condensation, polymerization of various olefin monomers, ring Graphene materials doped with different heteroatoms are also opening polymerization of various cyclic lactones and lactams, and being explored as effective metal-free catalysts in various reactions dehydration polymerization in the synthesis of carbon reinforced poly [14]. Amongst, nitrogen (N) doped graphene have been extensively (phenylene methylene) composites [13]. These contributions opened a studied, the introduction of N considered to modify the local electronic fascinating and new catalytic approach, inspiring many researchers to structures of graphene which in turn facilitate the catalytic processes. J Thermodyn Catal ISSN: 2157-7544 JTC, an open access journal Volume 5 • Issue 2 • 1000132 Citation: Lonkar SP, Abdala AA (2014) Applications of Graphene in Catalysis. J Thermodyn Catal 5: 132. doi: 10.4172/2157-7544.1000132 Page 3 of 6 O O Biomass OH H2O2 CHO O2 CH2OH H2N-NH2 NaBH4 NH NO2 2 Figure 3: Various organic transformations catalyzed by graphene based carbocatalyst. Reprinted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • N-Heterocyclic Linkages Are Produced from Condensation of Amidines Onto Graphitic Carbon
    pubs.acs.org/cm Article N‑Heterocyclic Linkages Are Produced from Condensation of Amidines onto Graphitic Carbon Seokjoon Oh, Ryan P. Bisbey, Sheraz Gul, Junko Yano, Gregory L. Fisher,* and Yogesh Surendranath* Cite This: Chem. Mater. 2020, 32, 8512−8521 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Covalent chemical modification is a powerful strategy for endowing low-cost graphitic carbon substrates with designer functionality. However, the surface chemistry of carbon is complex, making it difficult to tailor carbon materials with molecular level precision. Herein, we establish a new chemical modification strategy that generates strong aromatic linkages to carbon surfaces. In particular, we show that the condensation of amidine-containing molecules with oxidic edge defects on carbon surfaces generates well-defined pyrimidine and imidazole linkages. X-ray photoelectron and nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption near- edge structure spectroscopies along with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry analysis establish the molecular structures of the surface linkages. We find that the ring structure and nucleophilicity of the precursor molecule guide the selectivity of the surface condensation reaction, with 5−5 ring strain driving selective condensation to form pyrimidine linkages on zigzag edges. This work establishes new methods for functionalizing and analyzing carbon surfaces at the molecular level. − ■ INTRODUCTION spects,17 19 generally lead to a wide diversity of surface Chemical modification of carbon surfaces transforms an connectivity and can introduce undesirable cross reactions inexpensive, ubiquitous conductor into a versatile functional with reactive catalytic units. More chemoselective methods material. Carbons are modified for use as catalyst supports, exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined High Degree of Carboxylation and Electronic Conduction in Graphene Acid Sets New Limits for Metal Free Catalysis in Alcohol Oxidation
    Showcasing research from Professor Agnoli’s laboratory, As featured in: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Veneto, Italy. Combined high degree of carboxylation and electronic conduction in graphene acid sets new limits for metal free catalysis in alcohol oxidation Graphene acid, a graphene derivative whose basal plane is selectively and homogeneously covered by carboxylic acids, overcomes graphene oxide drawbacks as a carbocatalyst in the oxidation of alcohols. With graphene acid loadings as low as 5 wt% and with nitric acid as a co-catalyst, new activity benchmarks are established in selective oxidation of a variety of alcohols, outperforming even many noble metal catalysts See Matías Blanco, and with full recyclability of the catalyst. The combination of Stefano Agnoli et al., experimental evidence and fi rst-principles calculations sheds Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 9438. light upon each step of the catalytic cycle and controlling the selectivity toward diff erent oxidation products. rsc.li/chemical-science Registered charity number: 207890 Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue Combined high degree of carboxylation and electronic conduction in graphene acid sets new Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2019,10, 9438 † All publication charges for this article limits for metal free catalysis in alcohol oxidation have been paid for by the Royal Society a a bc b of Chemistry Mat´ıas Blanco, * Dario Mosconi, Michal Otyepka, Miroslav Medved,ˇ Aristides Bakandritsos, b Stefano Agnoli *a and Gaetano Granozzi a Graphene oxide, the most prominent carbocatalyst for several oxidation reactions, has severe limitations due to the overstoichiometric amounts required to achieve practical conversions.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversing the Native Aerobic Oxidation Reactivity of Graphitic Carbon: Heterogeneous Metal-Free Alkene Hydrogenation
    Reversing the Native Aerobic Oxidation Reactivity of Graphitic Carbon: Heterogeneous Metal-Free Alkene Hydrogenation The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Murray, Alexander T. and Yogesh Surendranath. “Reversing the Native Aerobic Oxidation Reactivity of Graphitic Carbon: Heterogeneous Metal-Free Alkene Hydrogenation.” ACS Catalysis 7, 5 (April 2017): 3307–3312 © 2017 American Chemical Society As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b00395 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115122 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Reversing The Native Aerobic Oxidation Reactivity Of Graphitic Car- bon: Heterogeneous Metal-Free Alkene Hydrogenation Alexander T. Murray and Yogesh Surendranath* Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States. KEYWORDS Hydrogenation, Carbon Black, Carbocatalysis, Diimide, Alkene ABSTRACT: Commercially available carbon blacks serve as effective metal-free catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of car- bon-carbon multiple bonds under aerobic conditions using hydrazine as the terminal reductant. The reaction, which proceeds through a putative diimide intermediate, displays high tolerance to a variety of functional groups, including those sensitive to nu- cleophilic displacement by hydrazine, aerobic oxidation, or hydrazine-mediated reduction. Hydrazine chemisorbs strongly to the carbon surface, attenuating its native oxidative reactivity and allowing for selective hydrogenation. The catalytic sequence estab- lished here effectively umpolungs the reactivity of carbon, thereby enabling the use of this low cost material in selective reduction catalysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding of the Oxidation Behavior of Benzyl Alcohol by Peroxymonosulfate Via Carbon Nanotubes Activation
    pubs.acs.org/acscatalysis Research Article Understanding of the Oxidation Behavior of Benzyl Alcohol by Peroxymonosulfate via Carbon Nanotubes Activation Jiaquan Li, Mengting Li, Hongqi Sun, Zhimin Ao,* Shaobin Wang,* and Shaomin Liu* Cite This: ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 3516−3525 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) into benzaldehyde (BzH) is very important in synthetic chemistry. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a cheap, stable, and soluble solid oxidant, holding promise for organic oxidation reactions. Herein, we report the catalytic PMS activation via carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the selective oxidation of BzOH under mild conditions without other additives. A remarkable promotion of BzH yield with a selectivity over 80% was achieved on modified CNTs, i.e., O-CNTs via the radical oxidation process, and the oxygen functionalities for catalysis were comprehensively investigated by experimental study and theoretical exploration. To understand the different surface oxygen species on CNTs for the activation of PMS, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the adsorption behavior of PMS on various CNTs. The electrophilic oxygen was identified as the electron captor to activate PMS by O−O bond cleavage to •− •− • •− form SO5 and SO4 radicals. The nucleophilic carbonyl groups can also induce a redox cycle to generate OH and SO4 radicals, but phenolic hydroxyl groups impede the radical process with antioxidative functionality. The carbocatalysis-assisted PMS activation may provide a cheap process for the selective oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes or ketones. The insight achieved from this fundamental study may be further applied to other organic syntheses via selective oxidation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Catalytic Processes Driven by Graphene-Based Materials
    processes Review Sustainable Catalytic Processes Driven by Graphene-Based Materials Sergio Navalón 1,*, Wee-Jun Ong 2 and Xiaoguang Duan 3,* 1 Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain 2 School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Sepan 43900, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.N.); [email protected] (X.D.) Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 3 June 2020; Published: 5 June 2020 Abstract: In the recent two decades, graphene-based materials have achieved great successes in catalytic processes towards sustainable production of chemicals, fuels and protection of the environment. In graphene, the carbon atoms are packed into a well-defined sp2-hybridized honeycomb lattice, and can be further constructed into other dimensional allotropes such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and aerogels. Graphene-based materials possess appealing optical, thermal, and electronic properties, and the graphitic structure is resistant to extreme conditions. Therefore, the green nature and robust framework make the graphene-based materials highly favourable for chemical reactions. More importantly, the open structure of graphene affords a platform to host a diversity of functional groups, dopants, and structural defects, which have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in catalytic processes. In this perspective, we introduced the potential active sites of graphene in green catalysis and showcased the marriage of metal-free carbon materials in chemical synthesis, catalytic oxidation, and environmental remediation. Future research directions are also highlighted in mechanistic investigation and applications of graphene-based materials in other promising catalytic systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Carboxyl Groups in Graphene Oxide on Chemoselective
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Impact of Carboxyl Groups in Graphene Oxide on Chemoselective Alcohol Oxidation with Ultra-Low Received: 27 March 2017 Accepted: 25 April 2017 Carbocatalyst Loading Published: xx xx xxxx Yan Cui1, Young Hee Lee 1,2 & Jung Woon Yang 1 A highly efficient and simple chemoselective aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols to either aldehydes or carboxylic acids in the presence of nitric acid was developed, utilising 5 wt% graphene oxide as a carbocatalyst under ambient reaction conditions. Carboxylic acid functional groups on graphene oxides played a vital role in carbocatalyst activity, greatly influencing both the reactivity and selectivity. We also applied this protocol to a variant of the Knoevenagel condensation for primary alcohols and malonates with a secondary amine co-catalyst via cooperative catalysis. The development of green and sustainable chemistry utilising a transition metal-free approach has been con- nected with the use of non-toxic, robust catalysts with minimal or no adverse environmental or social impact. Recently, carbocatalysts, which incorporate fullerenes1–3, nanodiamonds4–6, carbon nanotubes7–11, and graphite/ graphene12–15 have attracted great attention as potential sustainable catalysts. Among them, graphene oxide (GO) is emerging as a new class of heterogeneous catalyst due to its unique property of being easily manipulated with additional functional groups, such as epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid, which are arbitrarily distributed in the carbon sheets16, 17. In particular, the design of the graphene functionalisation processes helps their utility in a wide range of synthetic transformations (e.g., oxidation of olefins18, alcohols19, 20, and sulfides21, and hydra- tion of alkynes22).
    [Show full text]
  • Probing the Catalytic Activity of Porous Graphene Oxide and the Origin of This Behaviour
    ARTICLE Received 2 Jul 2012 | Accepted 22 Nov 2012 | Published 18 Dec 2012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2315 Probing the catalytic activity of porous graphene oxide and the origin of this behaviour Chenliang Su1, Muge Acik2, Kazuyuki Takai3, Jiong Lu1, Si-jia Hao3, Yi Zheng1, Pingping Wu1, Qiaoliang Bao1, Toshiaki Enoki3, Yves J. Chabal2 & Kian Ping Loh1 Graphene oxide, a two-dimensional aromatic scaffold decorated by oxygen-containing functional groups, possesses rich chemical properties and may present a green alternative to precious metal catalysts. Graphene oxide-based carbocatalysis has recently been demon- strated for aerobic oxidative reactions. However, its widespread application is hindered by the need for high catalyst loadings. Here we report a simple chemical treatment that can create and enlarge the defects in graphene oxide and impart on it enhanced catalytic activities for the oxidative coupling of amines to imines (up to 98% yield at 5 wt% catalyst loading, under solvent-free, open-air conditions). This study examines the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity, which can be linked to the synergistic effect of carboxylic acid groups and unpaired electrons at the edge defects. The discovery of a simple chemical processing step to syn- thesize highly active graphene oxide allows the premise of industrial-scale carbocatalysis to be explored. 1 Department of Chemistry, Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore. 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, RL10, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA. 3 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbocatalytic Activity of Graphene Oxide in Organic Synthesis
    Chapter 3 Carbocatalytic Activity of Graphene Oxide in Organic Synthesis BijuBiju Majumdar, Majumdar, Daisy SarmaDaisy Sarma and Tridib K. SarmaTridib K. Sarma Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77361 Abstract Nanochemistry has evolved as an important part in catalysis for both academic as well as industrial research. Traditional homogeneous catalytic systems have gained significant importance due to the molecular level analysis of their catalytic activity and the excel- lent homogeneity of the catalysts and the reactants. However, removal of the catalysts from the reaction mixture without product contamination requires tedious purification steps. With increasing ecological and economical demands towards sustainable chemical synthesis, the recovery and reuse of catalysts has been an important factor. In this drive, various heterogeneous catalytic systems including mesoporous materials, solid catalysts, organometallics, noble-metal nanoparticles, etc. have been developed for photochemi- cal and electrochemical conversion, environmental remediation as well as catalyst for important chemical transformations. Carbon nanomaterial specially graphene oxide and carbon dots have received significant research importance due to their large scale avail- ability, easy surface modification, non-toxicity and other surface properties. Here, we review the continuous progress in the development of graphene based materials and their catalytic activity in organic synthesis. Keywords: carbocatalysis, graphene oxide, oxygen functional groups, organic synthesis 1. Introduction In recent years, there has been tremendous focus towards developing greener synthetic meth- ods for the industrial production of fine and commodity chemicals. Towards the development of economical and sustainable routes for large scale synthesis, the ideal protocols are charac- terized by four parameters: catalytic activity, selectivity, atom-economy and step-selectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sp2/Sp3 Framework from Diamond Nanocrystals: a Key Bridge Of
    Subscriber access provided by UNIV OF SOUTHERN INDIANA Review sp2/sp3 framework from diamond nanocrystals: A key bridge of carbonaceous structure to carbocatalysis Xiaoguang Duan, Wenjie Tian, Huayang Zhang, Hongqi Sun, Zhimin Ao, Zongping Shao, and Shaobin Wang ACS Catal., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01565 • Publication Date (Web): 12 Jul 2019 Downloaded from pubs.acs.org on July 16, 2019 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
    [Show full text]
  • Modulating the Microstructure and Surface Chemistry of Carbocatalysts for Oxidative and Direct Dehydrogenation: a Review
    Chinese Journal of Catalysis 37 (2016) 644–670 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chnjc Review Modulating the microstructure and surface chemistry of carbocatalysts for oxidative and direct dehydrogenation: A review Zhongkui Zhao *, Guifang Ge, Weizuo Li, Xinwen Guo, Guiru Wang State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The catalytic performance of solid catalysts depends on the properties of the catalytically active Received 13 January 2016 sites and their accessibility to reactants, which are significantly affected by the microstructure Accepted 22 February 2016 (morphology, shape, size, texture, and surface structure) and surface chemistry (elemental compo‐ Published 5 May 2016 nents and chemical states). The development of facile and efficient methods for tailoring the micro‐ structure and surface chemistry is a hot topic in catalysis. This contribution reviews the state of the Keywords: art in modulating the microstructure and surface chemistry of carbocatalysts by both bottom‐up Carbocatalysis and top‐down strategies and their use in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) and direct dehydro‐ Microstructure genation (DDH) of hydrocarbons including light alkanes and ethylbenzene to their corresponding Surface chemistry olefins, important building blocks and chemicals like oxygenates. A concept of microstructure and Modulation surface chemistry tuning of the carbocatalyst for optimized catalytic performance and also for the Dehydrogenation fundamental understanding of the structure‐performance relationship is discussed. We also high‐ Olefin light the importance and challenges in modulating the microstructure and surface chemistry of carbocatalysts in ODH and DDH reactions of hydrocarbons for the highly‐efficient, energy‐saving, and clean production of their corresponding olefins.
    [Show full text]
  • Quasi‑Homogeneous Carbocatalysis for One‑Pot Selective Conversion of Carbohydrates to 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Sulfonated Graphene Quantum Dots
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Quasi‑homogeneous carbocatalysis for one‑pot selective conversion of carbohydrates to 5‑hydroxymethylfurfural using sulfonated graphene quantum dots Li, Kaixin; Chen, Jie; Yan, Yibo; Min, Yonggang; Li, Haopeng; Xi, Fengna; Liu, Jiyang; Chen, Peng 2018 Li, K., Chen, J., Yan, Y., Min, Y., Li, H., Xi, F., . Chen, P. (2018). Quasi‑homogeneous carbocatalysis for one‑pot selective conversion of carbohydrates to 5‑hydroxymethylfurfural using sulfonated graphene quantum dots. Carbon, 136, 224‑233. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.04.087 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/137060 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.04.087 © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Carbon and is made available with permission of Elsevier Ltd. Downloaded on 27 Sep 2021 12:29:13 SGT Quasi-homogeneous carbocatalysis for one-pot selective conversion of carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using sulfonated graphene quantum dots Kaixin Li a,b ‡, Jie Chenb‡, Yibo Yanb, Yonggang Mina, Haopeng Lib, Fengna Xic, Jiyang Liuc, and Peng Chenb,* aSchool of Materials and Energy, Center of Emerging Material and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China bSchool of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457. cDepartment of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, China * Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected]., Tel: +65 6514-1086, Fax: +65 6794-7553 ‡These authors contributed equally to this work 1 Abstract Graphene quantum dot (GQD), which is the latest addition to the family of nanocarbon materials, promises a wide spectrum of novel applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Adjusting the Structure and Electronic Properties of Carbons for Metalfree Carbocatalysis of Organic Transformations
    MPIKG Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Antonietti, M., Lopez Salas, N., & Primo, A. (2019). Adjusting the Structure and Electronic Properties of Carbons for Metal-Free Carbocatalysis of Organic Transformations. Advanced Materials, 31(13): 1805719. doi:10.1002/adma.201805719. Adjusting the structure and electronic properties of Carbons for metalfree carbocatalysis of organic transformations Markus Antonietti, Nieves Lopez-Salas, Ana Primo Carbon nanomaterials are not only excellent electrocatalysts but also powerful heterogeneous organocatalysts extending the spectrum of metal‐based catalysis. The sometimes‐forgotten history of these observations is first described, followed by highlights of the actual literature with respect to very diverse reaction classes. A personal outlook on potentialities and opportunities is given to close. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Adjusting the structure and electronic properties of Carbons for metal- free carbocatalysis of organic transformations Manuscript Markus Antonietti a*, Nieves Lopez-Salas a, Ana Primo b · Author · Author a Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany b Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain) e-mail: [email protected] tute of Colloids and Interfaces Interfaces and Colloids of tute Abstract Max Planck Insti Carbon nanomaterials doped with some other lightweight elements were recently described as powerful, heterogeneous, metal-free organocatalysts, mostly in electrocatalysis. The present article restricts itself to review recent observations in traditional catalysis and tries to identify the underlying reaction mechanisms of the catalyzed organic transformations.
    [Show full text]