DOCSLIB.ORG

Unleashing Floret Fertility in Wheat Through the Mutation of a Homeobox Gene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unleashing Floret Fertility in Wheat Through the Mutation of a Homeobox Gene Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene Shun Sakumaa,b,c,1, Guy Goland, Zifeng Guob, Taiichi Ogawaa,e, Akemi Tagiria, Kazuhiko Sugimotoa,f, Nadine Bernhardtg, Jonathan Brassacg, Martin Mascherh,i, Goetz Henselj, Shizen Ohnishik, Hironobu Jinnok, Yoko Yamashital, Idan Ayalond, Zvi Pelegd, Thorsten Schnurbuschb,m,1, and Takao Komatsudaa,f,1 aAgrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 305-8602 Tsukuba, Japan; bIndependent HEISENBERG Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; cFaculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 680-8553 Tottori, Japan; dThe Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; eInstitute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 305-8518 Tsukuba, Japan; fInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 305-8518 Tsukuba, Japan; gResearch Group Experimental Taxonomy, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; hIndependent Research Group Domestication Genomics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; iGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; jResearch Group Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; kKitami Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, 099-1496 Kunneppu, Japan; lCentral Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, 069-1395 Naganuma, Japan; and mInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany Edited by Sarah Hake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved January 24, 2019 (received for review September 7, 2018) Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per the three subgenomes B, A, and D (8, 9). The first event led to inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum the formation of the allotetraploid wild emmer (Triticum turgidum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat ssp. dicoccoides, genome formula BBAA) 0.36 to 0.5 Mya. Its A (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. subgenome was inherited from the diploid species Triticum urartu However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fer- and its B subgenome from Aegilops speltoides or an extinct tility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to closely related species. Domesticated emmer (Triticum tur- be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the gidum ssp. dicoccum) was selected by early farmers from Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a stands of wild emmer and is the progenitor of modern durum homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, wheat, currently the most widely cultivated tetraploid wheats. was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia The second polyploidization event, which occurred ∼7,000 y and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla ago, involved domesticated tetraploid wheat and the D sub- growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has de- genome donor Aegilops tauschii. As the ploidy level increased, creased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, the spikes evolved to produce a larger number of florets per leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and spikelet: Diploid wheats (T. urartu and Triticum monococcum) setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that GNI-A1 the reduced-function allele contributes to the increased Significance number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 Grain number is a key determinant of cereal grain yield, but its allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The underlying genetic basis in wheat remains undefined. This data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty study demonstrates a direct association between increased affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain floret fertility, higher grain number per spike, and higher plot GNI1 production have been under selection during wheat evolution yields of field-grown wheat. The gene, encoding an HD- under domestication. Zip I transcription factor, was identified as responsible for in- creased floret fertility. The WT allele acts specifically during rachilla development, with its product serving to lower grain floret fertility | grain number | duplication | HD-Zip I transcription factor | wheat yield potential; in contrast, the reduced-function variant in- creased both floret and grain number. GNI1 evolved through gene duplication in the Triticeae, and its mutations have been he tribe Triticeae (subfamily Pooideae, family Poaceae) en- ∼ under parallel selection in both wheat and barley over the Tcompasses 30 genera and 360 species, including the eco- course of domestication. nomically important cereal crops bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum), barley (Hordeum Author contributions: S.S., G.G., Z.P., T.S., and T.K. designed research; S.S., G.G., Z.G., T.O., vulgare), and rye (Secale cereale) (1). Triticeae plants produce an A.T., K.S., N.B., J.B., G.H., S.O., H.J., Y.Y., I.A., and Z.P. performed research; S.S. and M.M. unbranched inflorescence, referred to as a spike. Whereas the ma- analyzed data; and S.S., T.S., and T.K. wrote the paper. jority of species, including wheat, develop a single spikelet on each The authors declare no conflict of interest. rachis node, some species produce two or more (2). The wheat spike This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. is made up of a number of spikelets, with a terminal spikelet at its This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- apex; each spikelet generates an indeterminate number of florets NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). attached to a secondary axis, the rachilla (3, 4). The number of grains Data deposition: Gene sequences generated in this study have been deposited in the DNA set per spikelet is determined by the fertility of each floret (5, 6). At Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) (accession nos. AB711370–AB711394 and AB711888– AB711913) and in the NCBI GenBank database (accession nos. MH134165–MH134483). the white anther stage, a wheat spikelet normally produces up to 12 The RNA-seq data have been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (accession floret primordia (Fig. 1A); however, during development, more than no. PRJEB25119). 70% of the florets abort (6, 7). Despite its importance for grain 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: [email protected], number determination and the potential for grain yield improvement, [email protected], or [email protected]. the genetic basis of floret fertility in wheat is largely unknown. This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. Two polyploidization events have been responsible for the 1073/pnas.1815465116/-/DCSupplemental. appearance of bread wheat, an allohexaploid which harbors Published online February 21, 2019. 5182–5187 | PNAS | March 12, 2019 | vol. 116 | no. 11 www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1815465116 Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 LDN produced 2.4 (Fig. 2A). The increased grain number per A sm BCD f7 spikelet in LDN was largely driven by the higher number of f5 f6 f3 f4 f5 grains set in the basal and central parts of the spike (Fig. 2B). A f2 f4 f1 f3 f2 f1 f2 single major QTL, associated with a log10 odds (LOD) score of gl f1 f3 f4 gl 18.71 was mapped to chromosome 2AL; it accounted for 61% of f1 f2 gl gl gl gl gl gl the phenotypic variance (Fig. 2C). To further narrow the target genomic region, a backcross recombinant line population was E FGHf6 f5 f5 developed, which allowed the locus to be mendelized as the gene f4 f4 Grain Number Increase 1-A (GNI-A1) (Fig. 2D). Fine mapping f3 f3 f3 f3 f2 located GNI-A1 within a 5.4-Mbp region which harbors 26 pu- f1 f2 f2 f2 f1 f1 f1 tative genes, including one encoding an HD-Zip I transcription gl gl gl gl gl gl gl gl factor, the closest wheat homolog to the barley Six-rowed spike 1 gene (vrs1)(SI Appendix, Table S1) (21). A sequence comparison Fig. 1. Structure of the wheat spikelet. (A) A schematic model illustrating of the two parental GNI-A1 alleles revealed a polymorphism the spike at the white anther stage. (B–D) The diploid progenitors of bread responsible for a single amino acid substitution (N105Y: 105 wheat: (B) Triticum urartu,(C) Aegilops speltoides,(D) Ae. tauschii.(E–G) asparagine to tyrosine) within the highly conserved homeo- Tetraploid wheats: (E) wild emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), (F) do- domain (Fig. 2E). The recombinant plants carrying the LDN mesticated emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), (G) durum (T. turgidum ssp. allele (generating the 105Y variant) displayed a significantly durum). (H) Hexaploid bread wheat (T. aestivum). Fertile florets are marked in yellow. f, floret; gl, glume; sm, spikelet meristem. higher grain number per spikelet than those carrying the DIC-2A allele (105N variant, ancestral) (Fig. 2F). Notably, the mutation in LDN was identical to that found in the barley six-rowed spike set one or two grains per spikelet, tetraploid wheats two or three, mutant Int-d.41 allele at vrs1 (21), suggesting that the function of and hexaploid wheats more than three (Fig. 1 B–H)(10). the resulting HD-Zip I protein was lost or attenuated in LDN. The genetic diversity of grass inflorescences determines its To verify the inhibitory role, GNI-A1 was silenced using RNA reproduction and therefore, the resulting number of branches, interference (RNAi).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysing Complex Triticeae Genomes – Concepts and Strategies Manuel Spannagl*, Mihaela M Martis, Matthias Pfeifer, Thomas Nussbaumer and Klaus FX Mayer*
    Spannagl et al. Plant Methods 2013, 9:35 http://www.plantmethods.com/content/9/1/35 PLANT METHODS REVIEW Open Access Analysing complex Triticeae genomes – concepts and strategies Manuel Spannagl*, Mihaela M Martis, Matthias Pfeifer, Thomas Nussbaumer and Klaus FX Mayer* Abstract The genomic sequences of many important Triticeae crop species are hard to assemble and analyse due to their large genome sizes, (in part) polyploid genomes and high repeat content. Recently, the draft genomes of barley and bread wheat were reported thanks to cost-efficient and fast NGS technologies. The genome of barley is estimated to be 5 Gb in size whereas the genome of bread wheat accounts for 17 Gb and harbours an allo-hexaploid genome. Direct assembly of the sequence reads and access to the gene content is hampered by the repeat content. As a consequence, novel strategies and data analysis concepts had to be developed to provide much-needed whole genome sequence surveys and access to the gene repertoires. Here we describe some analytical strategies that now enable structuring of massive NGS data generated and pave the way towards structured and ordered sequence data and gene order. Specifically we report on the GenomeZipper, a synteny driven approach to order and structure NGS survey sequences of grass genomes that lack a physical map. In addition, to access and analyse the gene repertoire of allo-hexaploid bread wheat from the raw sequence reads, a reference-guided approach was developed utilizing representative genes from rice, Brachypodium distachyon, sorghum and barley. Stringent sub-assembly on the reference genes prevented collapsing of homeologous wheat genes and allowed to estimate gene retention rate and determine gene family sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Divergence and Biased Expression Ofnac Transcription
    plants Article Evolutionary Divergence and Biased Expression of NAC Transcription Factors in Hexaploid Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Jianhui Ma 1,†, Meng Yuan 1,†, Bo Sun 1, Daijing Zhang 1, Jie Zhang 2,3, Chunxi Li 1, Yun Shao 1, Wei Liu 2,* and Lina Jiang 1,* 1 College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (Y.S.) 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; [email protected] 3 School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.L.); [email protected] (L.J.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The NAC genes, a large plant-specific family of transcription factors, regulate a wide range of pathways involved in development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, the NAC transcription factors were identified in 27 green plants, and the results showed that NAC transcription factors in plants undergo an appearance stage from water to land and a number expansion stage from gymnosperm to angiosperm. Investigating the evolutionary process of the NAC transcription factors from diploid species to hexaploid wheat revealed that tandem replications during the polyploidiza- Citation: Ma, J.; Yuan, M.; Sun, B.; tion process is an important event for increasing the number of NAC transcription factors in wheat. Zhang, D.; Zhang, J.; Li, C.; Shao, Y.; Then, the molecular characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of 462 NAC Liu, W.; Jiang, L.
    [Show full text]
  • WHEAT and WHEAT IMPROVEMENT Second Edition
    5910 * WHEAT AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT Second Edition E. G. Heyne, editor Editorial Committee E. G. Heyne. chair Dale [\Ioss D. R. Knott Gregory Shaner Rosalind Morris Billy Tucker Managing F:ditors: S. H. Mickdson \V. R. Luellen Editor-in-Chief.iSA Puhlications: D. R. Buxton Editor-in-Chief CSS.·/ Puhlications: E. S. Horner Editor-in-ChiefSS5.i. Puhlications: J. J. Mortvedt Number 13 in the series AGRONOl\1Y American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Crop Science Sodety of America, Inc. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Publishers Madison, Wisconsin. USA 1987 ·5 Origins and AnaJyses of Genes and Genomes in Wheat and Its Relatives Rosalind l\tlorns A. Evolution in the Genus Triticum and the Origin of Cultivated Wheat G. Kimber and E. R. Sears B. The Molecular Genetics of Wheat: Toward an Understanding of 16 Billion Base Pairs of DNA C. E. May and R. Appels C. Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Enzymes Gary E. Hart D. Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Nonenzymatic Endospenn Proteins Jerold A. Bietz . E: Chromosome Banding Methods. Standard Chromosome Band Nomenclature. and Applications in Cytogenetic Analysis Bikram S. Gill F. Aneuploid Analysis in Tetraploid Wheat L. R. Joppa G. Gene Location and Gene Mapping in Hexaploid Wheat R. A. McIntosh H. Linkage Map of Hexaploid Wheat R. A. McIntosh and Jane E. Cusick 151 Tlheat and Wheat Improvement Second Edition 5910* E. G. Heyne, editor 1987 50 Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Nonenzymatic Endosperm Proteins Jerold A. Bietz USDA-ARS Peoria, Illinois The endosperm ofcommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contains a great number of nonenzymatic storage proteins that are the components of gluten, one of the most intricate naturally occurring protein complexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide Analysis of Wheat Calcium Atpases and Potential Role of Selected Acas and Ecas in Calcium Stress Roohi Aslam1, Lorraine E
    Aslam et al. BMC Plant Biology (2017) 17:174 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1112-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genome-wide analysis of wheat calcium ATPases and potential role of selected ACAs and ECAs in calcium stress Roohi Aslam1, Lorraine E. Williams2, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti1 and Nasar Virk1* Abstract Background: P2- type calcium ATPases (ACAs-auto inhibited calcium ATPases and ECAs-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases) belong to the P- type ATPase family of active membrane transporters and are significantly involved in maintaining accurate levels of Ca2+,Mn2+ and Zn2+ in the cytosol as well as playing a very important role in stress signaling, stomatal opening and closing and pollen tube growth. Here we report the identification and possible role of some of these ATPases from wheat. Results: In this study, ACA and ECA sequences of six species (belonging to Poaceae) were retrieved from different databases and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. A high degree of evolutionary relatedness was observed among P2 sequences characterized in this study. Members of the respective groups from different plant species were observed to fall under the same clade. This pattern highlights the common ancestry of P2− type calcium ATPases. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyse the expression of selected ACAs and ECAs from Triticum aestivum (wheat) under calcium toxicity and calcium deficiency. The data indicated that expression of ECAsis enhanced under calcium stress, suggesting possible roles of these ATPases in calcium homeostasis in wheat. Similarly, the expression of ACAs was significantly different in plants grown under calcium stress as compared to plants grown under control conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis Of
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of WOX Family Protein-Encoded Genes in Triticeae Species Lei Shi 1,2, Ke Wang 1, Lipu Du 1, Yuxia Song 2, Huihui Li 1,* and Xingguo Ye 1,3,* 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (L.D.) 2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; [email protected] 3 National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (X.Y.) Abstract: The WOX family is a group of plant-specific transcription factors which regulate plant growth and development, cell division and differentiation. From the available genome sequence databases of nine Triticeae species, 199 putative WOX genes were identified. Most of the identified WOX genes were distributed on the chromosomes of homeologous groups 1 to 5 and originated via the orthologous evolution approach. Parts of WOX genes in Triticum aestivum were confirmed by the specific PCR markers using a set of Triticum. durum-T. aestivum genome D substitution lines. All of these identified WOX proteins could be grouped into three clades, similar to those in rice and Arabidopsis. WOX family members were conserved among these Triticeae plants; all of them contained the HOX DNA-binding homeodomain, and WUS clade members contained the characteristic WUS-box motif, while only WUS and WOX9 contained the EAR motif.
    [Show full text]
  • (Triticum Durum Desf) Variety “Utuba” Performance in Ethiopia
    Research Article Agri Res & Tech: Open Access J Volume 18 Issue 4 - November 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Mekuria Temtme DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.18.556063 Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) Variety “Utuba” Performance in Ethiopia Mekuria Temtme*, Wasihun Legese, Shitaye Homa and Asenafi Gemechu Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Ethiopia Submission: September 22, 2018, Published: November 02, 2018 *Corresponding author: Mekuria Temtme, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Abstract Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is industrial and a staple food crop of Ethiopians. Produced in most parts of Ethiopia and has existed in Ethiopia for thousand years. Annually, it occupies 500 thousand hectares in the country. However, the national average yield of durum wheat is low 2.2 t ha-1. The use of unimproved local cultivars and biotic and a biotic stresses are partially attributed to the low yield of the crop. Thus, the experiment was designed to develop high yielding, disease resistant and desirable quality improved varieties of durum wheat suitable for diverse agro-ecologies, farming systems and purposes. Eighteen durum wheat genotypes including four standard checks were laid out in randomized complete block design using four replications for two years (2013 and 2014) at eight locations. The combined data analysis across locations and over the years indicated that candidate variety “Utuba” (IDON-MD-2009_off/53/2009) performed better than the four standard checks and other testKeywords: genotypes. Durum Consequently, wheat; Utuba; Utuba Yield; was Quality identified and released for large scale production.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Non-Coding Rnas in Wild Wheat Progenitors
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/301804; this version posted April 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title Long non-coding RNAs in wild wheat progenitors Authors Alice Pieri1, Mario Enrico Pè1, Edoardo Bertolini1,2* Affiliations 1 Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna. Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa (Italy) 2 Present address: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132 (USA) *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Running title Wild wheat long noncoding RNAs Key words Long noncoding RNAs, Triticum urartu, Aegilops tauschii, bread wheat, emmer wheat 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/301804; this version posted April 15, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii are the diploid progenitors of the hexaploid Triticum aestivum (AuAuBBDD), donors of the Au and D genome respectively. In this work we investigate the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) component of the genomes of these two wild wheat relatives. Sixty-eight RNA-seq libraries generated from several organs and conditions were retrieved from public databases. We annotated and characterized 14,515 T. urartu and 20,908 Ae. tauschii bona- fide lncRNA transcripts that show features similar to those of other plant and animal counterparts. Thousands of lncRNAs were found significantly modulated in different organs and exhibited organ specific expression, with a predominant accumulation in the spike, fostering the hypothesis of their crucial role in reproductive organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives from Reticulate Evolution Abstract Introduction
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 April 2021 Wheat speciation and adaptation: perspectives from reticulate evolution Authors Xuebo Zhao1,2, Xiangdong Fu1,2, Changbin Yin1,*, Fei Lu1,2,3,* Affiliations 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 3CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Correspondence [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (C.Y.) Abstract Reticulate evolution through the interchanging of genetic components across organisms can impact significantly on the fitness and adaptation of species. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum) is one of the most important crops in the world. Allopolyploid speciation, frequent hybridization, extensive introgression, and occasional horizontal gene transfer (HGT) have been shaping a typical paradigm of reticulate evolution in bread wheat and its wild relatives, which is likely to have a substantial influence on phenotypic traits and environmental adaptability of bread wheat. In this review, we outlined the evolutionary history of bread wheat and its wild relatives with a highlight on the interspecific hybridization events, demonstrating the reticulate relationship between species/subspecies in the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Furthermore, we discussed the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance underlying the introgression of bread wheat and its wild relatives. An in-depth understanding of the evolutionary process of Triticum species should be beneficial to future genetic study and breeding of bread wheat.
    [Show full text]
  • Aetmyc1, the Candidate Gene Controlling the Red Coleoptile Trait in Aegilops Tauschii Coss
    molecules Article AetMYC1, the Candidate Gene Controlling the Red Coleoptile Trait in Aegilops tauschii Coss. Accession As77 Dong Cao 1,3,4,†, Guangji Ye 2,†, Yuan Zong 2, Bo Zhang 1,4, Wenjie Chen 1,4, Baolong Liu 1,4,* and Huaigang Zhang 1,4,* 1 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, China; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (W.C.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 800010, China; [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) 3 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-971-6143-610 (B.L.); +86-971-6143-630(H.Z.); Fax: +86-971-6143-282 (H.Z.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Received: 21 November 2017; Accepted: 15 December 2017; Published: 18 December 2017 Abstract: The red coleoptile trait can help monocotyledonous plants withstand stresses, and key genes responsible for the trait have been isolated from Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Triticum monococcum, but no corresponding research has been reported for Aegilops tauschii. In this research, transcriptome analysis was performed to isolate the candidate gene controlling the white coleoptile trait in Ae. tauschii. There were 5348 upregulated, differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and 4761 downregulated DEGs in red coleoptile vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Family from Triticeae Species
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Characterization of the Heavy-Metal-Associated Isoprenylated Plant Protein (HIPP) Gene Family from Triticeae Species Heng Zhang 1, Xu Zhang 1, Jia Liu 1, Ying Niu 1, Yiming Chen 1, Yongli Hao 1, Jia Zhao 1,2, Li Sun 1, Haiyan Wang 1, Jin Xiao 1,* and Xiue Wang 1,* 1 State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.X.); [email protected] (X.W.); Tel.: +86-25-84395308 (X.W.) Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 25 August 2020; Published: 27 August 2020 Abstract: Heavy-metal-associated (HMA) isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) only exist in vascular plants. They play important roles in responses to biotic/abiotic stresses, heavy-metal homeostasis, and detoxification. However, research on the distribution, diversification, and function of HIPPs in Triticeae species is limited. In this study, a total of 278 HIPPs were identified from a database from five Triticeae species, and 13 were cloned from Haynaldia villosa. These genes were classified into five groups by phylogenetic analysis. Most HIPPs had one HMA domain, while 51 from Clade I had two, and all HIPPs had good collinear relationships between species or subgenomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Genome of the Wheat A-Genome Progenitor Triticum Urartu
    Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu Ling, Hong-Qing; Zhao, Shancen; Liu, Dongcheng; Wang, Junyi; Sun, Hua; Zhang, Chi; Fan, Huajie; Li, Dong; Dong, Lingli; Tao, Yong; Gao, Chuan; Wu, Huilan; Li, Yiwen; Cui, Yan; Guo, Xiaosen; Zheng, Shusong; Wang, Biao; Yu, Kang; Liang, Qinsi; Yang, Wenlong; Lou, Xueyuan; Chen, Jie; Feng, Mingji; Jian, Jianbo; Zhang, Xiaofei; Luo, Guangbin; Jiang, Ying; Liu, Junjie; Wang, Zhaobao; Sha, Yuhui; Zhang, Bairu; Wu, Huajun; Tang, Dingzhong; Shen, Qianhua; Xue, Pengya; Zou, Shenhao; Wang, Xiujie; Liu, Xin; Wang, Famin; Yang, Yanping; An, Xueli; Dong, Zhenying; Zhang, Kunpu; Zhang, Xiangqi; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan; Tong, Yiping; Wang, Jian; Yang, Huanming; Li, Zhensheng; Wang, Daowen; Zhang, Aimin; Wang, Jun Published in: Nature DOI: 10.1038/nature11997 Publication date: 2013 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Ling, H-Q., Zhao, S., Liu, D., Wang, J., Sun, H., Zhang, C., Fan, H., Li, D., Dong, L., Tao, Y., Gao, C., Wu, H., Li, Y., Cui, Y., Guo, X., Zheng, S., Wang, B., Yu, K., Liang, Q., ... Wang, J. (2013). Draft genome of the wheat A- genome progenitor Triticum urartu. Nature, 496(7443), 87-90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11997 Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 LETTER OPEN doi:10.1038/nature11997 Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu Hong-Qing Ling1*, Shancen Zhao2,3*, Dongcheng Liu1*, Junyi Wang1,2*, Hua Sun1*, Chi Zhang2*, Huajie Fan1,DongLi2, Lingli Dong1, Yong Tao2, Chuan Gao2, Huilan
    [Show full text]
  • Invited Review Article Wild Emmer Wheat, Triticum Dicoccoides
    AJCS 5(9):1127-1143 (2011) ISSN:1835-2707 Invited Review Article Wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, occupies a pivotal position in wheat domestication process Junhua Peng 1, 2, 5*, Dongfa Sun 3 and Eviatar Nevo 4 1Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China 2Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China 3College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China 4International Graduate Center of Evolution, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel 5Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Domestication of plants and animals is the major factor underlying human civilization. Cultivated wheats refer mainly to two types: the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ) accounting for about 95% of world wheat production, and the tetraploid durum wheat (T. durum ) accounting for the other 5%. T. aestivum derived from a cross between domesticated emmer T. dicoccum and the goat grass Aegilops tauschii, which most probably originated in the south or west of the Caspian Sea about 9,000 years ago. T. dicoccoides , the wild emmer wheat, is the progenitor of cultivated wheats, has the same genome formula as durum wheat and has contributed two genomes to bread wheat, and has played a core role to wheat domestication. This process of wheat domestication fits the gradual and multi-site model rather than the fast and single-site model. Domestication has genetically not only transformed the brittle rachis, tenacious glume and non-free threshability, but also modified yield and yield components in wheat.
    [Show full text]