PUDUCHERRY Area in Sq.Km. 30 H YANAM DISTRICT No. of Taluks 1 S E Kilometres D 2 0 2 No. of Towns 1 A No. of Villages Nil R

P S A E r

e i v R G H

H R A a a g D a d in N g e r o D r o u I N D I im A R From C d D i raks a v N hor A G e am r a D o R T ! To Kakinada A E H P YANAM R A Y A N A M

Y A N A M Ga u t a m i G o d a v a r i R i v e r r e i v R i D r N a H v A a d o R G i t a m G a u A H

Boundary, State / U.T./ District / Taluk...... S Headquarters: District...... Urban area with Population size: II...... ! E Important Metalled Road...... P River and Stream...... D R A Degree College ......

Engineering College ...... E Hospital ...... District Headquarters is also the Taluk Headquarters.

C o n t e n t s

pages

Foreword IX

Preface XI

Acknowledgement XIII

History and scope of the District Census Handbook XIV

Brief history of the district XVI

Analytical Note 1-22

i. Physical features

a. Location and Size 1

b. Physiography 1

c. Drainage 2

d. Climate and Rainfall 3

e. Natural Resources-Flora and Fauna 4

f. Agriculture 8

g. Animal Husbandry 12

h. Education 15

i. Health 17

j. Electricity and power 18

k. Industry 19

l. Transport and Communication 19

m. Banks and Credit Societies 22

n. Social Welfare 23

o. Major Social and Cultural Events in Yanam District 24

VII

p. Brief Description of places of Religious, Historical and 24 Archaeological importance and places of tourist interest

q. Major Characteristics of Yanam district 25

ii. Census - Definitions and Concepts 26

iii. Non Census Concepts 31

iv. 2011 Census findings 33

v. Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract : Table 1 to 35 35

vi. Brief Analysis of Town Directory Data : Table 36 to 45 49

vii Scope of Village and Town Directory 53

Town Directory a. Brief Note on Town Directory – Abbreviations used in Town Directory 65 b. Map of Yanam Municipality 69

c. Statement I – Status and Growth History 72

Statement II – Physical aspect and location of towns 2009 74

Statement III – Civic and other amenities 2009. 76

Statement IV – Medical facilities 2009. 78

Statement V – Educational, Recreational and cultural facilities 2009 80

Statement VI – Industry and banking 2009 84

Statement VII – Civic and other amenities in slums 2009 86

Appendix – Towns showing their outgrowth with population 90

VIII

ANALYTICAL NOTE Analytical Note

Physical Features

Location and Size

Yanam district with a geographical area of 30 Sq. km is the third largest among the districts of Union Territory of Pondicherry. It is situated on the east coast of the Indian Peninsula between 160 42’ and 160 46’ Northern Latitude and between 820 11’ & 820 19’ Eastern Longitude. The entire Yanam district has been bounded by East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh in all the four directions and lies to the northern side of River Godavari, the place where the River Coringa branches off from Godavari.

Physiography

The entire Yanam district is a low lying area with an average height of 2 to 3 meters above the mean sea level. It has no remarkable relief features as it is situated in a flood plain. It lies on the bank of Gautam Godavari in the south and the Goringa River in the east. During the cyclones and high tidal waves sea water engulfs the low lying areas i.e., Iskitippa and Adivipolam islands.

Yanam District lies in the 4.3.6. physiogeographic region of India i.e. Godavari Delta. More precisely, its position, among the physiogeographic regions of India is in macro region of Coastal Plains and Islands, meso region of Eastern Coast and micro region of Godavari Delta. Geologically Yanam consists of alluvium of recent age. No mineral is found for economical extraction. The sands on the river bank consist predominantly of quartz, feldspars and muscovite mica. Few grains of monazite are also traced along the black streaks.

Yanam is situated in the Godavari Delta which is one of the biggest deltaic regions in India. This is a flood plain area where the mighty Godavari deposits fertile alluvial soil. The eastern portion of the district has swampy land and while in the western portion it is cultivable land of alluvial soils.

Traditionally the soil is grayish, black and clayey in texture with shallow black and brown alluvial sandy, clayey and halomorphic soil in which salt concentration is high. Few layers of sand, reform more than 0.3 mm thickness is intercalated with clayey soil and the rest is sandy. The nutrient content of the soil of Yanam is poor, viz., nitrogen and phosphorus are low and potash is high. The soil sub-order association of the district is Ustalfs - Tropepts (High base status of red loamy, red sandy and alluvial soils-Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils of southern region).

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There is no natural wealth worth mentioning for economical extraction in this district.

Drainage & Irrigation

Yanam receives irrigation water from Dowleswaram Head Works (Sir. Arthur Cotton Barrage on the River Godavari downstream Rajahmundri) through Kotipalla canal or North Bank canal. This canal runs towards east up to Pillanka, a small village near Yanam. From Pillanka water is brought to Yanam through a small canal popularly known as ‘French Channel’ built by an agreement entered in 1949 between the then French Government and the Government of India. This canal serves the irrigation as well as drinking water needs of the areas west of River Coringa.

After merger with India, steps were taken to provide irrigation for about 560 Hectare of dry land in the eastern side of River Coringa by providing a new irrigation canal called ‘Adivipolam Channel’ from the tail end of Tallarevu South Channel and at the starting point of Nilapalli channel on the right side. The work was taken for execution by the Andhra Pradesh Public Works Department as a deposit work in 1964 and was completed and commissioned in June, 1966. The water from the channel is used for drinking purpose also.

Yanam is a flood plain area where the mighty Godavari deposits fertile alluvium since long back. River Godavari originating from the Western Ghat and flowing towards east through Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh joining Bay of Bengal along Southern boundary of this tiny land. It immensely helps the irrigation system of Yanam through various canals. Apart from River Godavari, the River Coringa runs from north to south through Yanam joining Godavari also irrigates the area through its canals. River Gaderu forming the eastern boundary of the district is the other source to irrigate the fertile land. Canal irrigation system is the only source of irrigation practicing here and through which 338 hectares of land irrigated during the year 1999. Well irrigation is seldom practiced in Yanam.

River Coringa:

River Coringa is a branch of Gautami Godavari which runs along Yanam region for about 24 kms and dividing the town into two parts. It flows towards south till it joins the mighty River Godavari. From Pillanka the water of the Bank Canal is brought to Yanam through a small canal known as the Pillanka Kaluva or French Channel. In Yanam, ‘Pillanka Kaluva’ branches off into two channels, i.e. the Meraka Kaluva or Panta Kaluva and Pallapu Kaluva or Outa Kaluva. The former is a discharge channel and the latter is an irrigation channel. Merakakaluva and Pallapukaluva after flowing through Yanam join the River Coringa.

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River Gaderu:

It is a tributary of Gautami Godavari flows towards South forming the eastern boundary of Yanam and joins the mighty Godavari near Iskitipa Island.

The Net Area irrigated by different sources during 2008-09 in the district is presented below:

Sl. No. Source of Irrigation Area (in Hectares) 1 2 3 1 Govt. Canals 278 2 Tanks/Lakes - 3 Wells/Tube wells - 4 Water Falls - 5 Other Sources - Total 278

It may be seen from the table that canal irrigation system is the only source of irrigation being practiced in the Yanam district. Net area irrigated by canal irrigation system during the year 2008-09 was 278 hectares, as per the data released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Puducherry

Climate

Yanam experiences a climate which is characterized by high humidity. It experiences an oppressive summer season and a good rainfall. It enjoys the benefit of both the South-West and North-East monsoon. The average rainfall in a year is about 1,226 mm. The storms and depressions which form in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-monsoon month of May, and during September to November cross the East Coast, and affect the region, causing thunder-storms, heavy rain, tidal waves and strong wind.

The climate is normally hot in Yanam district. From February, temperature starts rising rapidly till May which is the hottest month. Pre-monsoon thundershowers may at times bring welcome relief. The average temperature in summer months of March to May varies from 270 C to 370 C, while in winter months of November to February, it varies from 190 C to 270 C. This district is the second highest rain fed area of Puducherry Union Territory. It receives 47 per cent rainfall from the North-East monsoon and 53 per cent from South-west monsoon. Rainfall in Yanam district for the last 10 years is given in the following table.

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Rainfall in Yanam District – 2000 – 2009

Sl. Years

No (June to

May) West East - -

South monsoon period (June to September) North Monsoon period (October to December) Winter period (January to February) Hot Weather period (March to May) Total (in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2000-01 525 162 N.A. 107 794 2 2001-02 542 485 61 40 1,128 3 2002-03 321 418 17 91 847 4 2003-04 576 404 N.A. 57 1,037 5 2004-05 598 138 48 N.A. 784 6 2005-06 820 373 N.A. 189 1,382 7 2006-07 827 587 12 N.A. 1,426 8 2007-08 764 239 92 148 1,243 9 2008-09 688 N.A. 242 17 947 10 2009-10 320 201 9 155 685

Natural Resources:

There is no major forest in the district and also no mineral is found for economic extraction

Flora

Yanam is different from the other three districts both geographically and physically. As it lies on the bank of Gautam Godavari, the soils are of quite different in nature and texture with the soils of other districts. Yanam is essentially and adventitious flora accompanying paddy cultivation and a flora of holomorphic soils in which salt concentration is so much that they cannot be utilized for agriculture. Its garden flora is not so diversified.The adventitious flora cultivated is rice followed by coconut, ground nut, chilly, coriander. The bananas is also cultivated in some areas. All other spontaneous species commonly seen on the bunds of rice-fields does not have a particular annual cycle and they are considerably rich.

A few other common herbaceous species are as follows:

1. Trianthema portulacastrum (Tel.Galijeru) (Tam. Saranai) 2. Acalypha indica (Tel.Kuppinta chettu) (Tam. Kuppai meni) 3. Phaseolus aconitifolius( Tel.Mitckelu) (Tam. Tulukka Payir)

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4. Synostemon bacciforme 5. Cyperus procerus 6. Gomphrema decumbens (Tel.Neeru bogadabanti) 7. Gynandropsis pentaphylla (Tel. Vavinta) (Tam. Kattu kadugu) 8. Chloris barbata (Tel.Uppu Gaddi) 9. Heliotropium indicum (Tel.Nagadunti)(Tam. Thelkodukkpupundu) 10. Portulaca quadrifida (Tel.Gorri Geddam) (Tam. Siru Pasarai) 11. Brassica juncea (Eng.Leaf mustard) 12. Argemone mexicana (Eng.Mexican Poppy) (Tel. Brahmadandu) 13. Boerhaavia diffusa (Tel.Atika Mamidi, Eng. The spreading hog weed) 14. Hibiscus hirtus 15. Cardiospermum halicacabum (Tel.Buddakakara) 16. Passiflora sp. 17. Cassia occidentalis (Tel.Kasivinda) 18. Croton bonplandianum (Tel.Kukka mirapa) 19. Jatropha gossypifolia (Tel. Nela Amudam)

The Halophytic Flora

The more typical and also widely distributed vegetation community consists of halophytes covering such important places in the low lands of Adivipolam and the islands which are seasonally inundated or flooded by sea water. From the physiognomical point of view, the formation is dense and nearly homogenous resembling a thicket with an average height of one metre. The clayey soil is present almost everywhere between the plants. Following Two woody bushes are very common in the districts. 1. Excoecaria agallocha (Tel.Tilla) 2. Avicennia Officinalis (Tel. Mada)

Trees of Yanam

Apart from the Coconut Palm, the following trees can also be seen rarely. 1. Palmyra Palm 2. Phoenix sylvestris (Tel.Pedda - ita) 3. Prosopis spicigera (Tel.Chani) 4. Acacia arabica (Tel.Nalla tuma) 5. Tamarind (Tel. Chinta) 6. Banyan(Tel. Mari, Pedda-Mari) 7. Pipal (Tel.Poppali) 8. Neem (Tel.Yapa;yepa) 9. Mango (Tel. Mamadi) 10. Syzygium jambolanum (Tel. Neradu)

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Following are the garden plants according to their decreasing abundance are seen in the district.

1. Ficus hispida (Tel. Brammadi Baddamari) 2. Carica Papaya (Tel.Boppayi) 3. Psidium guajava (Tel.Goyya) 4. Terminalia catappa (Tel.Nattubadamu) 5. Emblica officinalis (Tel.Usiriki) 6. Achras sapota 7. Ceiba pentandra (Tel.Tellaburga) 8. Mimusops elengi (Tel.Pogada) 9. Punica granatum (Tel.Danimma) 10. Spathodea campanulata Beauty.

Some of the species of trees identified in the Botanical garden of Yanam are listed below:

1. Adenanthera pavonina (Tel.Bandi) 2. Alpinia nutans 3. Anona squamosa (Engl.Custard apple) 4. Anona muricata (Eng.Sour-sop) 5. Antigonon leptopus 6. Asparagus racemosus (Tel. Pilli-gaddalu) 7. Bassia latifolia (Eng.Common Mohua) (Tel. Ippa) 8. Bauhinia variegata (Eng.Variegated mountain Ebony) (Tel. Mandari) 9. Bougainvillaea spectabilis 10. Brownea ariza 11. Butea frondosa(Eng. Bastard Teak) 12. Casuarina equisetifolia (Tel.Chavukku) 13. Caesalpinia coriaria (Eng. American Sumach) (Tel. Dividivi) 14. Catesbaea spinosa (Eng.Spinous lily thorn) 15. Cinnamomum camphora (Tel.Karpuramu)(Eng. Camphor trees) 16. Citrus sp. Rutaceae 17. Coccoloba uvifera (Eng. Seaside grape) etc.

While Casuarina equisetifolia (Tel.Chavukku) is extremely rare in Yanam, the cashew-nut trees and Barringtonia actuangula Gaertn, are totally absent in Yanam district. The flora of each district varies depending up on its soil texture. The flora of Mahe are not seen in any other districts.

Fauna

The fauna of Yanam district may be taken as essentially the same as that of the nearby districts of Andhra Pradesh. The district is presenting practically the same

6 physical, climatic and biotic features of the surrounding areas. There is no major forest in the district, which at best contains only scarce, secondary, disturbed scrub jungle besides open trees and agricultural fields. The sea-bird of the territory also does not exhibit any special feature. As such the fauna is limited and no spectacular so far as the larger species of wild life are concerned. By and large the fauna can be characterized as typical of the river areas of Peninsular Indian plains. The following mammals are seen in the district:

1. Suncus murinus Linnaeus (House Shrew) 2. Pteropus giganteus Briinnich (Indian Flying Fox) 3. Megaderma spasma Linnaeus (Malay False Vampire) 4. Megaderma Iyra Geoffroy (Indian False Vampire) 5. Pipistrellus mimus Wroughton (Indian Pygmy Pipistrelle) 6. Pipistrellus coromandra Gray (Indian Pipistrelle) 7. Pipistrellus ceylonicus Kelaart ( Kelaarti’s Pipistrelle) 8. Scotophilus kuhli Leach (Lesser Yellow Bat) 9. Kerivoula picta Pallas (Painted Bat) 10. Presbytis entellus Dufresne (Langur) 11. Canis aureus Linnaeus (Asiatic Jackal) 12. Vulpes bengalensis Shaw (Bengal Fox) 13. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas (Common Palm Civet) 14. Paradoxurus jerdoni Blanford (Jerdon’s Palm Civet) 15. Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy (Rusty spotted Cat) 16. Tragulus meminna Erxleben (Mouse Deer) 17. Axis axis Erxleben (Spotted Deer) 18. Cervus unicolor Kerr (Sambar) 19. Tetracerus quadricornis Blainville (Four Horned Antelope) 20. Gazella gazella Pallas (Mountain Gazelle) 21. Lepus nigricollis Cuvier (Indian Hare) 22. Funambulus palmarum Linnaeus (Indian Palm Squirrel) 23. Ratufa indica Erxleben (Indian Giant Squirrel) 24. Rattus rattus Linnaeus (House Rat) 25. Mus musculus Linnaeus (House Mouse) 26. Mus booduga Gray (Little Indian Mouse) 27. Mus platythrix Bennett (Indian Brown Spiny Mouse) 28. Bandicota bengalensis Gray (Lesser Bandicoot Rat) 29. Bandicota indica Bechstein(Large Bandicoot Rat)

Following are the reptiles which are commonly seen in the district:

1. Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle) 2. Hemidactylus brooki (House Lizard) 3. Calotesvericolor (Garden Lizard or Blood Sucker)

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4. Mabuya Carinata (Skink) 5. Enhydsris enhydris 6. Lycodon aulicus (Wolf Snake) 7. Cerberus rhynchops (Dog faced Snake) 8. Natrix stolata (Striped Keelback) 9. Ptyas mucosus (Rat Snake) 10. Bungarus Caeruleus (Krait) 11. Naja naja (Cobra) 12. Enhydrina schistosa (Beaked Sea Snake) Source: Department of Forest and Wild Life, Puducherry

Agriculture:

Land Use Pattern Agriculture is the main occupation in the Puducherry district, which provides livelihood for majority of the population.According to the Reports of Revenue Department of Govt.of Puducherry, total geographical area of Yanam district is 30 sq. Kms. The classification of area by different types of land use (In Hectares) as on 2008-09 is given below.

Sl. No Classification Area as on 2008-09 1 2 3 1 Forest 0 2 Area under Non Agricultural uses 1,189 3 Barren and Un Cultivable land 0 4 Permanent pasture and other grassing land 0 5 Land under miscellaneous tree crops etc., 480 6 Culturable waste land 17 7 Fallow lands other than current fallows 84 8 Current fallows 27 9 Net Area Sown 594 (a) Total Irrigated land area 278 (b) Total unirrigated land area 316

Total Area 2391

Source: Village Directory 2011, DCHB, Directorate of Census Operations, Puducherry U.T.

It may be seen from the above table that out of the total geographical area of 2391 hectares of land, 594 hectares are available for cultivation and 1,189 hectares of land is used for non-agricultural and other uses like residential purpose in the district. No forest exist in the district.

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Cropping Pattern

Though Yanam district is a flood plain tract, lying in the Godavari delta the soils are of salt concentration and the nutrition contents are less. So nearly one fourth of the total land is being used for cropping. Out of the 1,047 hectares of cropped area, 519 hectares of land were used for Paddy cropping followed by Green gram in 143 hectares and 374 hectare was used for non-food items. As the land is plain and it receives the residual deposits through Godavari, it produced 2,006 M.T. Paddy and 82 M.T. pulses during 2008-09.

The details of the area under all crops (in Hectares) and the production (in M.T.) for the year 2008-09 are as follows:

Sl. Crop Area Production No (Hectares) (M.T.) 1 2 3 4 1 Food crops a) Cereals Paddy I Crop Kharisf 271 958 Paddy II Crop Rabi I 248 1048 Total Paddy 519 2006 B) Pulses Black Gram 7 3 Green Gram 143 79 Total Pulses 150 82 Total Food Grains 669 2088 C) Other food crops Tomato 1 N.A. Other Vegetables 1 4 Coriander 2 1 Total Food Crops 673 2093 II Non-Food Crops Coconut(in 1,000) 293 3,750 Fodder Crops 75 N.A. Green Manure 1 N.A. Casuarina 5 N.A. Total Non-Food Crops 374 N.A. Grand Total 1047 2093* ( Food & Non-Food Crops) * Excluding Coconut Source: Abstract of statistics, 2008-09, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Puducherry.

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Area under crops irrigated

Area under crops irrigated (in Hectares) 2005-2010

Sl. Crop 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Food crops Cereals Paddy I Crop 321 313 274 271 311 Paddy II Crop 286 283 255 248 247 Paddy III Crop - - - - - Total Paddy 607 596 529 519 558 Tomato 2 - 1 1 - Other Vegetables - 1 - 1 3 Other Condiments - 1 - - - Turmeric - - - - - Total Other Food 2 2 1 2 3 Crops Total Food Crops 609 598 530 521 561

II Non – Food Crops Fodder Crops 26 - - - - Total Non-Food 26 - - - - Crops Grand Total (Food 635 598 530 521 561 & Non-Food crops) Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, 2005-06 to 2009-10 Puducherry

(d) Distribution of Holding:

Land holding:

The following table furnishes the number and area of operational holdings during 2000-01 and 2005-06 Agriculture census years in Yanam district. Sl. Item Agriculture Census Year No 2000-01 2005-06 1 No. of Operational holdings 583 437 2 Area of operated 836 555.90 3 Average size 1.43 1.27 Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Puducherry

Yanam district is the 3rd largest district in Puducherry U.T. in terms of area as also population. In Yanam district there were 437 operational holdings with an area of 555.90 hectares during the year 2005-06. It may be seen that the number of operational holdings and the area operated had declined during 2005-06 Agricultural Census as compared to 2000-01 Agricultural Census. The average size

10 of operational holdings had also declined during 2005-06 when compared to 2000- 01 Agricultural Census.

(ii) Operational holdings by type:

The following table shows the percentage distribution of operational holdings and Area operated by type of holdings in Yanam district for all size group as per 2005-06 Agriculture Census:

Sl. No. Item Area (in hectare) / Percentage 1 Total Geographical area 2,396 2 Area of Operational holdings 555.90 3 Percentage of area of operational holding 23.20 4 No. of holdings (%) (a) Individual 96.57 (b) Joint N.A. (C) Institutional 3.43 5 Area Operated (%) (a) Individual 97.74 (b) Joint N.A. (C) Institutional 2.26 Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Puducherry

According to the Agricultural Census 2005-06, Individual operational holdings accounted for 96.57 per cent in Yanam district. The Percentage of individual holding and operated area of individual holding in Yanam district were higher than that of Puducherry U.T. There is no joint holdings operating area in Yanam district.

There were 233 (1.05 %) holdings receiving irrigation in Yanam district. According to Agriculture Census 2005-06, the following table furnishes distribution of number of holdings according to irrigation status in Yanam district.

Sl. Item Area (in hectares)/ No Percentage 1 Wholly irrigated holdings 156 / 0.80 2 Partly irrigated holding 77/0.290 3 Sub-total holding receiving irrigation 233/1.05 4 Wholly un-irrigated 175/2.20 Total 408/1.33 Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Puducherry

(iii) Intensity of cropping:

The Intensity of cropping is measured as a ratio of Gross cropped area to Net Area Sown was 1.693 for Puducherry U.T. The intensity of cropping for Yanam district is 1.867. In Puducherry U.T., Yanam district had the highest intensity of

11 cropping and the intensity of cropping is higher in larger holdings as compared to the other holdings. The following tables shows the intensity of cropping by major size group of holding of all social groups in Yanam district during the Agricultural census Year 2005-06. Sl. Holding size Intensity of cropping No (Ratio) 1 Marginal (0.0 to 1.0 ha) 1.897 2 Small(1.0 to 2.0 ha) 1.860 3 Semi-medium(2.0 to 4.0 ha) 1.888 4 Medium(4.0 to 10.0 ha) 1.768 5 Large(above 10.0 ha) 2.228 Total 1.867 Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Puducherry

Animal Husbandry

As per 2007 Livestock Census there were 2,959 sheep followed by 1,926 goats and 1,667 buffaloes in Yanam district. There were 865 cows which includes both crossbreed and indigenous. Apart from these livestock and poultry there were 5,211 Poultry in the district, of which 2,326 were Hens and 1,444 were Chickens. In Poultry farming there is a marginal decrease in Yanam district in 2007 as compared to 2003. For development of Animal Husbandry in Yanam, one Veterinary Dispensary is functioning in the district.The details of livestock account of Yanam as per the Livestock Census 2003 and 2007 are given in the following table. Sl. Livestock Population Year No 2003 2007 1 2 3 4 1 Cow (Crossbred) 269 445 2 Cow (Indigenous) 599 420 3 Buffaloes 1,438 1667 4 Sheep 157 2959 5 Goat 506 1926 6 Horses and Ponies 4 6 7 Rabbit 0 2 8 Pigs 54 56 9 Dogs 161 704

Total Livestock 3349 8185 Source: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Welfare, Puducherry (Livestock Census 2003 and 2007)

(f) Poultry farming:

The details of Poultry population as per the Livestock Census 2003 and 2007 in the Yanam district are given in the following table.

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Sl. Type of poultry Livestock Census Years No. 2003 2007 1 Fowls (a) Cocks 1,117 1,327 (b) Hens 2,308 2,326 (c) Chickens 4,436 1,444 2 Ducks (a) Ducks 18 45 (b) Drakes 2 2 (c) Duckling 0 3 3 Other Poultry 8 64 Total 7889 5211 Source: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Welfare, Puducherry (Livestock Census 2003 and 2007)

Production of Milk, Meat and Eggs in Yanam district during the years 2007-08 and 2008-09 are given in the following table.

Sl. Items Year No. 2007-08 2008-09 1 Milk (in tones) 0.766 1.009 2 Egg (in lakh) 2.64 2.64 3 Meat (MTs) (a) Livestock 0.310 0.322 (b) Poultry 0.088 0.120 Source: Department of Animal husbandry and Animal Welfare, Puducherry, 2008-09 (Livestock Census 2003 and 2007)

Fisheries

Yanam is situated about 10 km away from the sea at the confluence of River Goringa in mighty Godavari. River Gauthami is one of the tributaries of River Godavari, is the biggest estuary in India, having about 15 km. length, is flowing on the southern side of Yanam. All the fishermen of Yanam district depend upon the fishing in the estuary for their livelihood. The Government is also implementing various developmental schemes to increase fish production and to improve the socio-economic condition of the fishermen here. During the year 2009-10 the estimated marine and inland fish production for the district were 36,100 M.T. and 5,850 M.T. respectively. Though no continental shallow area is available for fishing in Yanam, 34.30 Ha. of inland and 500 Ha. of Brackish water resources are available for fishing. The important fishermen areas in the district are i) Guerimpeta, ii) Agraharam, iii) Kothapeta, iv) Mettakur, v) Kanakalapeta, vi) Kursampeta, vii) Padavarevupeta, viii) Sangadirevupeta etc.

The details of the marine fish production during the year 2007-08 to 2009-10 are as follows:

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Sl.No. Item 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 1 2 3 4 5 1 Total Number of fishing boats Category I (Motorized Mechanical) 44 57 134 Category II (Motorized Non-Mechanical) 10 13 15 Category III (Non-Motorized) 650 690 1157 2 Total Number of fishing Nets - - - 3 Fish Production(in tons) a. Inland Production 1,027 1,199 1,238 b. Marine Production 2,078 1,010 1,253.8 4 Number of Active fishermen 4,367 4,500 4,700 5 Fishermen/Fisherwomen Primary Co- 14 14 14 operative Societies(number) 6 Membership of fishermen/fisherwomen 10,446 2,140 1,121 primary co-operative societies Source: Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, 2009-10, Puducherry

From the above table, it is seen that the number of fishing boats are found increasing since the year 2009-10. Among several categories of boats, non – motorized boats are contributing more in fishing activities. There is an increase in Inland and Marine fish production in 2009-10 as compared to 2008-09. The total no. of active fishermen is 4,700 during the year 2009-10 which is higher when compared with the previous year. There are 14 Fishermen Co-operative Societies functioning for the welfare of Fishermen Community in the district. The details of fish and prawn catches in marine and inland during the year 2006-07 to 2009-10 are given in the following table.

Sl. Item Fishing in M. Tons No 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Fish Catch

a) Marine 973 2078 34,550 36,100 b) Inland 640 1,027 5,750 5,850 2 Prawn Catch

a) Marine 97 671 97 175

b) Inland 79 108 78 88 Source: Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Puducherry, 2009-10

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The following table shows the Species wise Inland Fish Production 2008-09:

Sl. Name of the Fish Production No. (in M.Tonnes)

1 Major carps 351 2 Common carps 195 3 Live Fish N.A. 4 Other cat fish 13 5 Murrel 20 6 Other carps 65.20 7 Feather backs N.A. 8 Hilsa ilisha N.A. 9 Prawns 78 10 Mullet 94 11 Tilapia N.A. 12 Miscellaneous 383 Total 1,199 Source: Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Puducherry, 2008-09

Education

Education plays a pivotal role in the economic, social and cultural development of a country. Apart from moulding characters and values of the citizens, the overall growth of the country solely depends on educational growth. Hence, it enjoys the top priority among all social activities in any development plan. The first Primary School was started in Yanam to give free education on 17th February, 1848. The education was enriched in the district in the following years. Now there are a total of 45 Educational Institutions for providing better education to the students in the district. It has achieved 79.5 per cent of literacy rate during 2011 Census. As per the 2011 census figure, the literacy rate in Yanam district was 79.5%. As compared to 2001 census the literacy rate has increased by 5.8 percentage points.

Literacy in Yanam District 2001- 11

Literacy Rate Sl. Census Total / No. Years Rural / Persons Males Females Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2011 Total 79.5 82.8 76.3 Rural - - - Urban 79.5 82.8 76.3 2 2001 Total 73.7 78.8 68.5 Rural - - - Urban 73.7 78.8 68.5 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, Puducherry

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The table below gives the number of institutions available for general education during 2008-09 in Yanam district. Sl. Type of Institutions Number of Institutions No. Total Govt. Private 1 2 3 4 5 1 Pre-primary school 16 11 5 2 Primary Schools 12 12 0 3 Middle Schools 2 2 0 4 High Schools 11 6 5 5 Higher Secondary Schools 1 1 0 6 Junior College 3 1 2 Total 45 33 12 Source: Directorate of School Education, Puducherry, 2008-09

In addition to the above mentioned schools, there are one I.T.I., two Teacher Training Colleges, one B.Ed. College, one Govt. Polytechnic, one Government Arts and Science College and one Engineering College also run in the district. Student’s enrollment and number of teachers in schools have increased marginally over the last three years in Yanam district. The ratio of teacher and students in the district is 1:28. Percentage of passing in Secondary school level in the district is 83 per cent and higher secondary level is 82 per cent during the year 2009-10. The distribution of Teachers and Students in Puducherry district is given below:

Sl.No Numbers 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 1 Number of Teachers

a. Government 195 235 232

b. Private 176 184 200

2 Number of Students

a. Government 8192 8032 7789

b. Private 3975 3472 4371

Source: Directorate of School Education, Puducherry, 2009-10

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Health

Health care system is well established in the district. There is a 50 bedded Government General Hospital in Yanam Town. Under the Indian System of Medicine an Ayurveda Unit is also functioning in the Government General Hospital. The following table shows number of medical facility in the district:

Sl. Type of Medical Facility No. of. Centres No 1 2 3 1 Allopathy Hospitals 1 2 Ayurveda 1 3 Primary Health Sub Centre 4 4 ESI Dispensaries 1

Source:. Directorate of Health and Family Welfare Services, Puducherry, 2008-09

Yanam district has achieved cent per cent registration of births and deaths since for the long time. As almost all the deliveries are taking place in the hospitals only, neither infant deaths nor maternal deaths has been reported for the last five years. The below table shows the number of Live births, Still Births and Deaths registered in Civil Registration System of Yanam district:

Sl. Birth/Death Year No. 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 a. Live Birth Total 836 550 722 779 Male 443 270 385 407 Female 393 280 337 372 b. Death Total 227 209 262 207 Male 148 127 157 133 Female 79 82 105 134 c. Infant Death Total 0 0 0 0 Male 0 0 0 0 Female 0 0 0 0 d. Maternal Death 0 0 0 0 e. Still Birth 2 0 0 1 Source: Local Administration Department, Puducherry, 2009

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Electricity

The settlements in Yanam are 100 per cent electrified. The power is purchased from the Central Power Generating Station and Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited. The details on length of H.T. and L.T. lines and progress in electrification up to 31st March, 2009 are shown below:

Sl. Items Unit 2008-09 No 1 2 3 4 1 Electrified: No. of Villages No. In all areas No. of Towns No. 2 Domestic connections a) One light services(free) No. 1,414 b) Light, fan and small power No. 7,844 3 Commercial connections No. 1,215 4 Agricultural connections No. 28 5 Industrial connections a) H.T.Lines No. 30 b) L.T.Lines No. 178 6 Street Lights No. 1996 Source: Electricity Department, Puducherry, 2008-09

The main source of lighting in Yanam district is electricity. According to 2011 census, 96.6 per cent households out of total households in the district, use electricity as the main source of lighting. The households by main sources of lighting in Puducherry as per Housing census 2011 are shown below:

Sl. Main source of No. of households No lighting Total Rural Urban 1 Electricity 12,859 - 12,859 2 Kerosene 435 - 435 3 Solar energy 1 - 1 4 Other oil 5 - 5 5 Any other 4 - 4 6 No lighting 4 - 4 Total Number of 13,308 - 13,308 households

Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets 2011, Puducherry

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Industry

As regards industrial development, Yanam contributes very little extent. There are 120 tiny industrial units, 70 small scale industrial units, 3 medium scale industrial units and 3 large scale industrial units in Yanam district. Regency Ceramics Ltd. producing Glazed and unglazed ceramic tiles, Somkan Marine Food Ltd. Producing shrimp and fish feeding products, and Sri Srinivasa paper mills are the main industries in Yanam district. The other industries are engaged in producing Rice bran oil, Ultra marine blue, straw boards, mill boards, T.V. deflection components, Readymade garments, Wood and craft etc. Industrial units registered permanently as on 31.03.2010, is given in the following table.

2009-10 Sl. Description of Manufacture No of No of persons No Units employed 1 2 3 4 1 Food Products 85 1,101 2 Cotton textiles 2 8 3 Wool, Silk and synthetic fibre textiles N.A. N.A. 4 Jute,Hamp & Masta & Textiles 4 16 5 Hosiery & Garments 50 269 6 Wood products 18 92 7 Paper & Printing 13 323 8 Leather Products 11 58 9 Rubber & Plastics 21 290 10 Chemical & Chemical Products 31 537 Non- 11 11 436 metallic mineral Products 12 Metal Products 27 392 13 Machinery & Parts 38 373 14 Transport equipment and parts 3 15 15 Miscellaneous 9 36 16 Personal Services & Hotel Project 9 35 17 Repairing & Services 8 22 Total 340 4,003 Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, 2009-10

Transport and Communication:

From transportation point of view, Yanam is not well connected with the rest of the country, mainly due to its geographical location. A metalled road passing through Yanam and connecting Kakinada in North and Rajahmundry in West in Andhra Pradesh, is the main roads. Few other metal roads also connect the

19 various settlements in and around Yanam. Ferry services are also available in Godavari and Corringa rivers. No railway link is available in Yanam. However, Kakinada Town which is located at a distance of 26 Kms in Andhra Pradesh, is the nearest railway station and also serves as the nodal point to Yanam. The nearest operational airports are Rajamundry and Visakapatnam in Andhra Pradesh State.

The Public Works Department of the district is maintaining 26.445 km length of road in Yanam. Out of which 18.750 kms are Black topped and 7.695 kms. are Cement Concrete, while 48.500 kms Road is maintained by Yanam Municipality.

In Yanam district, transport facilities such as Bus and Auto services are available for public transport. The total number of vehicles registered in the Transport Department in Yanam district up to 2008-09 was 5,632 of which 192 are transport vehicles and 5440 were Non-Transport vehicles. The Transport Vehicles shown were the vehicles for hire purposes and the Non-Transport Vehicles are used for own purposes. The Number of Motor Vehicles in use as on 31st March 2009 is given in the following table.

Sl.No Type of Vehicles Number of vehicles 2008-09 1 2 3 A Transport Vehicles I Multiaxled /Articulated Vehicles N.A. II Trucks and Lorries 99 III Light Motor Vehicles ( Goods) a) Four Wheelers 9 b) Three Wheelers 25 Total 34 IV Buses a)Stage carriages 19 b)Contract carriages 2 c) Private Service Vehicles 2 d) Other Buses 12 Total 35 V Taxies a) Motor Cabs 0 b) Maxi Cabs 6 c) Other Taxis 2 Total 8

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(Continued….) Sl. No. Type of Vehicles Number of Vehicles 2008-09 1 2 3 VI Light Motor Vehicles (Passengers) a) Three Seaters 16 b) Four to Six Seaters 0 Total 16 Grand Total (I - IV) 192 B Non-Transport Vehicles 1.Two Wheelers 4,966 2.Cars 390 3.Jeeps 10 4. Omni Buses 10 5. Van 0 6.Tractors 38 7.Trailors 25 8.Others 1 Total B 5440 Grand Total (Transport & Non- 5,632 Transport Vehicles) Source: Transport Department, Puducherry, 2008-09

The information regarding length of roads available in Yanam District as on 31st March 2009 is given in the below table:

Sl. Item/Details Length of Road No ( in Kms.) 1 Length of Roads (P.W.D) (a) National highways - (b) State Highways - (c) Major District Roads & 26.445 Other District Roads (d) Rural Roads - 2 Length of Roads 45.500 (Municipalities) 3 Length of Roads - (Commune Panchayat) Source: Public Works Department, Puducherry, 2008-09

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ii) Communication

Yanam has become a part of the Global Information Highway. Good telecom infrastructures including Postal, Telephone, Mobile and Internet services are available. a) Post, Telegraph and Telephones Yanam district has one Sub-Post office and the PIN CODE of Yanam Municipality is 533 464. This Post office belongs to Andhra Pradesh circle, and further under Visakhapatnam Region and Kakinada division. b) Telephone, Mobile and Internet facility:

Number of Households having Landline phone, Mobile and Both in Yanam district as per Census 2011 is given below:

No. of Households Sl.No Item Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 1 Telephone 286 - 286 2 Mobile 7,023 - 7,023 3 Both 522 - 522 Source: Houses, Household Amenities and Assets, Census of India, 2011, Puducherry.

Number of Households in Yanam district having Computer/Laptop with/without internet as per Census 2011 is given below:

Sl. No Item Number of Households

1 2 3 1 Computer/Laptop a) With internet 207 b) Without internet 390 Source: Houses, Household Amenities and Assets, Census of India, 2011, Puducherry.

Banks and Co-operative Societies

Banking and Society activities are slowly catching their importance in Yanam. There are 4 Nationalized Banks and I Commercial Bank in Yanam. Apart from the

22 banks, 2 Credit Societies and 36 Non-Credit Societies are also functioning in the district. Social Welfare:

Many welfare programmes are implemented in Yanam district covering different target groups, namely, physically disabled, senior citizens, Adi-Dravidars and women. Special attention is paid on effective implementation of urban poverty alleviation programme. Funds available through the banking sector are also being utilized towards implementation of economic development schemes dovetailed with state subsidy for various downtrodden groups of the society like women, SCs, backward classes and disabled and promotion of self-employment schemes for educated unemployed youths. Implementation of various welfare schemes would also contribute indirectly towards upliftment of many poor families above the poverty line. The details of no. of institutions and inmates of the institution in Yanam district for the year 2008-09 are given in the following table;

Sl. No Social Welfare Homes No. of Institutions No. of inmates 1 2 3 4 1 Home for Orthopedically - - handicapped 2 Observation Home and Special - - school for Juvenile Delinquents 3 Beggar Home - - 4 Special School for Blind and - - mutes 5 Home for blind - - 6 Home for Aged and Infirm - - 7 Hostel for Working women - - 8 Hostel for BC students 1 40 9 Home for Mentally Retarded - - 10 Voluntary Organizations 1 50 (licensed) Total 2 90 Source: Directorate of Social Welfare, Puducherry, 2008-09

Government provides various benefits to the Children of age from 6 months to 6 years, Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers, Adolescent girls etc., and also provides monthly pension to Old Age Person, Destitute Women and Physically Handicapped person. There are 8 Anganwadies to take care of women and child welfare in this district. The number of beneficiaries in Yanam district during the year 2008-09 is given in the following table:

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Sl. Schemes Year No 2007-08 2008-09 1 2 3 4 1 Old Age Pension 1,622 1,820 2 Widows Pension 515 558 3 Unmarried Women 3 3 4 Deserted Women 74 76 5 Eunuchs N.A. N.A. 6 Physically Handicapped 647 702

Source: Dept. of Women & Child Development, Puducherry, 2008-09

Major Social and Cultural Events:

Majority of the population are Hindus in the district. The famous Hindu festivals celebrated in Yanam includes Sankaranti in January, Ayudha Poojha and Diwali in Ocotober. Shri Vaishanavites celebrates Shri Rama Navami, Shri Krishna Jayanthi, Vinayagar Chathurthi, Navarathri, Vijaya Dasami and Vaikunta Ekadeshi. The Vishnu festival in March in Yanam is restricted holiday for the district. Similarly, Mahasivarathri is sacred for Saivites. The Telugu New Year day is common festival for Yanam.

Sri Vishnu temple and Pillaraya temple are worth mentioning here. The festivals of celebration are Vishnu theertham, Swamikalyanam and Vinayagar Chathurthi. Strictly speaking, this is a calm place presenting mostly rural atmosphere and does not possess the hustle characteristics of the town.

Brief Description of places of religious and tourist interest:

Yanam district is endowed with boundary of nature that casts a magical spell on the tourists. Some of the tourist destination of Yanam are 1. Venkanna Babu Temple – one of the prominent religious shrines of Yanam which draws devotees who visit the place to derive divine pleasure. 2. The new Yanam ferry road – an engineering marvel of Yanam, is an important land mark of the Yanam presents a Unique amalgamation of traditional culture coupled with modern values which is evident in the various social customs and rituals of the district.

Yanam Town has got a very beautiful view. It covered with full of Coconut trees. The Dariyala Thipa Road- which is actually the riverbank road of Gauthami Godavari.

Draksharamam Temple which is located 16 Kms away from Yanam, is one of the jyotrilingas of India. The Lord Shiva here called as Bheemeswara Swamy. The

24 height of the Lingam is around 14 feet and it is one of the oldest temple in India. People believe it is built by Devatas. Manikayambuka Devi temple is also located in the same compound. It is one of the Asthadasa Pithas in India. The temple is famous for its Shakti chakra, where Parvati goddess is sitting. It is 16 kilometer away from Yanam.

Pithapuram Temple- it is among one of the oldest temple of India. It is called second Kasi. The Lord Shiva in the form of cock shape. Shiva is called ‘Kukuteswara Swamy’ and Parvati is called ‘Raja Rajeswari’. In the same campus few other temples are also located such as, Goddess Durga’s temple that is also one of the Astha Dasa Pithas. The Pitham of Lord Goddess lying here and hence the name comes ‘Puruhuthika Devi’ and the town is called ‘Pitha Puram’. Sri Dattatreya Swamy’s temple is also there. It is very famous as Dattatreya’s next incarnation is Shri Pada Vallabha Swamy was born in Pithapuram only. It is around 50 kilometers from Yanam.

Major characteristics of the districts:

Agriculture and Industries play an important role in strengthening the economy of the district of the Yanam. The district is blessed numerous important educational institutions of great repute. The agriculturalist of Yanam grow several agricultural products of paddy, coconut, ground nut and pulses in addition to the other miscellaneous crops. The majority of the indigenous populations are engaged in the allied economic activities of fishery and animal husbandry that contributes to building up a strong base for economic development of the district. Yanam district houses numerous small scale and medium scale cottage industries of coir making and handicraft items that enables the local craftsman of the district to earn handsome revenues. With several important educational institutions, Yanam may truly be said to be the Educational hub of Puducherry UT.

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CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Census concepts

Building: A ‘Building’ is generally a single structure on the ground. Usually a structure will have four walls and a roof. Sometimes it is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) or establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, work sheds, Schools, places of entertainment, places of worship, godowns, stores etc. It is also possible that building which have component units may be used for a combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence etc. But in some areas the very nature of construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. Such is the case of conical structures where entrance is also provided but they may not have any walls. Therefore, such of the conical structures are also treated as separate buildings.

Pucca houses: Houses, the walls and roof of which are made of permanent materials. The material of walls can be any one from the following, namely, Stones (duly packed with lime or cement mortar), G.I/metal/ asbestos sheets, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks, Concrete. Roof may be made of from any one of the following materials, namely, Machine-made tiles, Cement tiles, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks, Stone, Slate, G.I/Metal/Asbestos sheets, Concrete. Such houses are treated as Pucca house.

Kutcha houses: Houses in which both walls and roof are made of materials, which have to be replaced frequently. Walls may be made from any one of the following temporary materials, namely, grass, Unburnt bricks, bamboos, mud, grass, reeds, thatch, plastic /polythene, loosed packed stone, etc. Such houses are treated as Kutcha house.

Dwelling Room: A room is treated as a dwelling room if it has walls with a doorway and a roof and should be wide and long enough for a person to sleep in, i.e. it should have a length of not less than 2 meters and a breadth of at least 1.5 meters and a height of 2 meters. A dwelling room would include living room, bedroom, dining room, drawing room, study room, servant’s room and other habitable rooms. Kitchen, bathroom, latrine, store room, passageway and verandah which are not normally usable for living are not considered as dwelling rooms. A room, used for multipurpose such as sleeping, sitting, dining, storing, cooking, etc., is regarded as a dwelling room. In a situation where a census house is used as a shop or office., etc., and the household also stays in it then the room is not considered as a dwelling room. But if a garage or servant quarter is used by a servant and if she/ he also lives in it as a separate household then this has been considered as a dwelling room available to the servant’s household. Tent or conical shaped hut if used for living by any household is also considered as dwelling room. A dwelling room, which is shared by more than one household, has not been counted for any of them. If two households have a dwelling room each but in addition also share a common dwelling room, then the common room has not been counted for either of the households.

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Census House : A ‘census house’ is a building or part of a building used or recognized as a separate unit because of having a separate main entrance from the road or common courtyard or staircase, etc. It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for residential or non- residential purpose or both. If a building has a number of Flats or Blocks/Wings, which are independent of one another having separate entrances of their own from the road or a common staircase or a common courtyard leading to a main gate, these are considered as a separate Census house.

Village: The basic unit for rural areas is the revenue village, which has definite surveyed boundaries. The revenue village may comprise of one or more hamlets but the entire village is treated as one unit for presentation of data. In un surveyed areas, like villages within forest areas, each habitation area with locally recognized boundaries is treated as one village.

Rural-Urban area: The data in the census are presented separately for rural and urban areas. The unit of classification in this regard is ‘town’ for urban areas and ‘village’ for rural areas. The urban area comprises two types of towns viz; Statutory towns and Census towns. In the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area adopted is as follows:

(a) Statutory Towns : All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc are known as statutory towns. (b) Census owns: All other places satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously are treated as Census Towns. i) A minimum population of 5,000; ii) At least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and iii) A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile)

For identification of places which would qualify to be classified as ‘urban’ all villages, which, as per the 2001 Census had a population of 4,000 and above, a population density of 400 persons per sq. km. and having at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural activity were considered. To work out the proportion of male working population referred to above against b) (ii), the data relating to main workers were taken into account. In addition the above stated towns, urban areas also constitutes of OGs which are the parts of UAs.

Urban Agglomeration: An Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without urban outgrowths of such towns. In some cases, railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps etc; may come up near a statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town. Each such individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population limit to qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unit but may qualify to be clubbed with the exiting town as their continuous urban spread (i.e., an Out Growth). Each such town together with its outgrowth(s) is treated as an integrated urban area and is designated as an ‘urban agglomeration’. For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of India 2011, following criteria has been adopted:

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(a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town; and

(b) The total population of an Urban Agglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census. In varying local conditions, there were similar other combinations which have been treated as urban agglomerations satisfying the basic condition of contiguity.

Out Growth (OG): The outgrowth is a viable unit such as a village or a hamlet or an enumeration block and clearly identifiable in terms of its boundaries and location. While determining the outgrowth of a town, it has been ensured that it possesses the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system for disposal of waste water etc., educational institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks etc and physically contiguous with the core town of the UA.

City: Towns with population of 100,000 and above are called cities. Household: A ‘household’ is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen/common cooking. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households.

Institutional Household: A group of unrelated persons who live in an institution and take their meals from a common kitchen is called an Institutional Household. Examples of Institutional Households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, hotels, rescue homes, observation homes, beggars homes, jails, ashrams, old age homes, children homes, orphanages, etc. To make the definition more clearly perceptible to the enumerators at the Census 2011, it was specifically mentioned that this category or households would cover only those households where a group of unrelated persons live in an institution and share a common kitchen.

Houseless household : Households who do not live in buildings or census houses but live in the open or roadside, pavements, in hume pipes, under flyovers and staircases, or in the open in places of worship, mandaps, railway platforms, etc., are treated as Houseless Households.

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes: The list of SCs and STs applicable in the Pudsucherry UT is given hereunder:-

List of Scheduled Castes – Puducherry UT

1 Adi Andhra 2 Adi Dravida

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3 Chakkiliyan 4 Jambuvulu 5 Kuravan 6 Madiga 7 Mala, Mala Masti 8 Paky 9 Pallan 10 Parayan, Sambavar 11 Samban 12 Thoti 13 Valluvan 14 Vetan 15 Vettiyan 16 Puthirai Vannan

List of Scheduled Tribes-Puducherry UT

No Scheduled Tribe is notified in Puducherry UT as per the Presidential Order.

Language and Mother tongue: As per the census concept, each language is a group of mother tongues. The census questionnaire collects information on the mother tongue of each person. Mother tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. If the mother died in infancy, the language mainly spoken in the person’s home in childhood will be the mother tongue. In the case of infants and deaf mutes, the language usually spoken by the mother is considered as mother tongue. It is not necessary that the language spoken as mother tongue should have a script. The mother tongues returned by the respondents in census are classified and grouped under appropriate languages according to their linguistic characteristics.

Literate: A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is taken as literate. A person who can only read but cannot write is not literate. It is not necessary that to be considered as literate, a person should have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard. Literacy could have been achieved through adult literacy classes or through any non-formal educational system. People who are blind and can read in Braille are treated as literates.

Literacy rate: Literacy rate of the population is defined as the percentage of literates in the age-group seven years and above. For different age-groups the percentage of literates in that age-group gives the literacy rate.

Educational level: The highest level of education a person has completed.

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Work: Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in ‘work’ as defined above are workers. The main point to note is that the activity should be economically productive. Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one year preceding the date of enumeration.

Main worker: A person who has worked for major part of the reference period (i.e. six months or more during the last one year preceding the date of enumeration) in any economically productive activity is termed as ‘Main worker’.

Marginal worker: A person who worked for 3 months or less but less than six months of the reference period (i.e. in the last one year preceding the date of enumeration) in any economic activity is termed as ‘Marginal worker’.

Non-worker: A person who has not worked at all in any economically productive activity during the reference period (i.e. last one year preceding the date of enumeration) is termed as ‘Non worker’.

Cultivator: For purposes of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she is engaged in cultivation of land owned or from government or from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation also includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, etc., and other crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, etc., and pulses, raw jute and kindred fiber crop, cotton, cinchona and other medicinal plants, fruit growing, vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves, etc. Cultivation does not include the plantation crops like– tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel nuts (areca). The workers engaged in Plantation crops are recorded under “other workers”.

Agricultural labourer: A person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer. She/he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works.

Household industry worker: Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in household industry should consist of members of the household. The industry should not be run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act and should be engaged in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs of goods. The activity relate to production, processing, servicing, repairing or making and selling of goods. It does not include professions such as a pleader, Doctor, Musician, Dancer, Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, Barber, etc. or merely

30 trade or business, even if such professions, trade or services are run at home by members of the household.

Other worker: A person, who has been engaged in some economic activity during the last year of reference period but not as a cultivator or agricultural labourer or worker in Household Industry. The type of workers that come under this category include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In fact, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are ‘Other Workers’.

Work participation rate: Percentage of Workers (Main + Marginal) to total population.

Population density: Population density is the number of persons inhabited per square kilometer of the area.

Age: Age is measured in terms of the completed number of years.

Sex Ratio: Number of females per 1,000 males in a population.

Non-Census Concepts

Civic status of urban units: Civic Status of a town/city is determined on the basis of Civic Administrative Authority of the town e.g., Municipal Corporation / Corporation, Municipal Committee / Municipal council, Municipality etc.

Size class of U.A./town: Size-class of U.A./Town is based on the population size of the U.A./City/Town. U.A.s/Towns with 100,000 and above population are classified as Class I U.A.s/ Towns. Towns with 50,000 to 99,999 population are classified as Class II towns, 20,000 to 49,999 population are Class III towns, population with 10,000- 19,999 are Class IV towns, population with 5,000 and 9,999 are Class V towns and towns with less than 5,000 population are Class VI towns.

Slum area : The Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956, which was enacted by the Central Government defined slums as (a) Areas where buildings are in any respect unfit for human habitation; or (b) are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals.

Mega city : The concept of ‘Mega city’ is a recent phenomenon in the Urban Sociology and is defined in term of metropolitan city in the form of large size, problem of management of civic amenities and capacity to absorb the relatively high growth of population. Indian Census in 1991 treated the population size of 5 million and above as the cutoff point to identify a place as the mega city. Whereas, for the purpose of inclusion in Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Mega cities the Ministry of Urban Affairs and employment,

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Department of Urban Development adopted the criteria of 4 million and above population as per 1991 Census for Mega Cities. In 2001 Census, cities with 10 million and above population have been treated as Mega cities and the same criteria of population has been adopted in 2011 census.

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2011 CENSUS FINDINGS

YANAM DISTRICT

Population and its distribution

• Yanam is located at a distance of 840 kms away from the Head Quarters of Puducherry UT on the Coromandal Coast of Andhra Pradesh.

• As per Census of India 2011, total population of Yanam district is 55,626 comprising 27,301 males and 28,325 females. Population of the district accounts for 4.46 per cent of the total population of the Puducherry UT and ranks third in terms of population among the 4 districts of the Union Territory.

• Yanam district has been entirely urban district since 1961 Census.

• Total population of Yanam District has increased by 24,232 persons from 31,394 in 2001 to 55,626 in 2011 registering a decadal growth rate of 77.19 per cent.

• Yanam district consists of one Taluk namely Yanam Taluk which is co- terminus with district boundary.

• Yanam district has only one town namely Yanam (M) which is co-terminus with district and taluk boundaries.

• Entire Yanam district is notified as Municipality. Yanam (M) falls within the town size class II of the population range of 50,000 – 99,999.

• According to 2011 Census, the density of population of the district is 1854 persons per Sq. Km., which was 1847 persons per Sq.Km. in 2001.

• Female population has outnumbered Male population in the district. Sex ratio of the district has significantly increased by 63 ratio points from 975 females per 1000 males in 2001 to 1038 females per 1000 males in 2011 Census.

• (0-6) Child Sex ratio has decreased from 964 in 2001 to 921 in 2011 Census in the district.

• Effective Literacy rate of the district has significantly improved from 73.7 in 2001 to 79.5 in 2011.

• Male literacy rate has recorded as 82.8 per cent while the female literacy rate of the district is recorded as 76.3 per cent.

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• Gender gap in literacy rate has significantly narrowed down from 10.3 in 2001 to 6.4 percentage points in 2011.

• Of the total population of 55,626 in the district as per 2011 Census, 8427 persons have reported as Scheduled Caste. Yanam district has a proportion of SC population of 15.15 per cent to total population among the districts of Union Territory of Puducherry. In 2001 there were 5,802 Scheduled Caste population in the district.

• No tribe is scheduled in the district as per Presidential order.

• Work Participation Rate of the district is recorded as 30.1 percent. Male Work Participation Rate is 51.5 while Female Work Participation Rate is 9.6 only.

• Out of 16,760 total workers enumerated, 15,373 (91.7%) are main workers and 1,387 (8.3%) are marginal workers.

• In Yanam district 95.9 per cent of total population reported Telugu as their Mother tongue according to Census 2001, followed by Tamil (1.2%) and Malayalam (0.1%) as per 2001 Census.

• According to 2011 Census, 96.24 per cent of total population are Hindus followed by Muslims (2.1%) and Christians (1.6%). At 2001 Census also the same trend prevailed. At 2001 Census 95.6 percent of total population of the district were Hindus followed by Muslim (2.7%) and Christian (1.6%).

34

Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Table 1 to 35)

and Brief Analysis of Village and Town Directory 2011 (Table 36 to 45)

Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Table 1 to 35)

Table 1: Decadal change in population of Taluks by residence, 2001-2011

Percentage Percentage decadal Population urban variation 2001-2011 Sl. population Tahsil No. 2001 2011 Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2001 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Yanam Taluk 31,394 - 31,394 55,626 - 55,626 +77.19 - +77.19 100.00 100.00

Yanam District Total 31,394 - 31,394 55,626 - 55,626 +77.19 - +77.19 100.00 100.00

Yanam district has only one taluk namely, Yanam Taluk which is co-terminous with district. Yanam district / Taluk is entirely urban area. Decadal Change in Population of Yanam Taluk/District by residence is shown in the above Table 1. Total Population of Yanam district/Taluk has increased from 31,394 persons in 2001 to 55,626 persons in 2011 registering the highest growth rate of 77.2 per cent among the districts of Puducherry U.T. during 2001-11.

Table 2: Number and percentage of inhabited villages in specified population size ranges with the related population, 2011 (Rural)

499 999 1999 4999 9999

- - - - -

Population 200 Population 500 Total rural population Population 1000 Population 2000 Population 5000 Population less than 200 Population 10000 and above

Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village Number and percentage of village

Sr.No. C.D. Block Total number of inhabited villages Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Yanam District is entirely Urban

35

Table 3: New towns, de-notified, declassified and merged town in 2011 census

(a) New (i) Statutory town NIL (ii) Census town NIL

(b) Denotified (i)Statutory towns of 2001 census denotified and also did not satisfy the criteria to be treated as census towns. NIL

NIL (ii)Statutory towns of 2001 census denotified but identified as census towns based on demographic and economic criteria. NIL (iii)Census towns of 2001 census are notified as statutiry town in 2011 census.

(c ) Declassified NIL

(d) Wholly merged with other town(s). NIL *Declassified means the census towns of 2001 census which failed to satisfy the demographic and economic criteria.

Entire Yanam district has been notified as Yanam (M) since Census 1961. Therefore in the above table is shown ‘NIL’ against each item.

Table 4: Sex ratio of the Union Territory and District, 1901-2011

Census Year Puducherry UT Yanam District Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1901 ------1911 1058 1058 - 1198 1198 - 1921 1053 1053 - 1185 1185 - 1931 ------1941 ------1951 1030 1030 - 1067 1067 - 1961 1013 1001 1053 1021 - 1021 1971 989 984 996 1024 - 1024 1981 985 977 992 974 - 974 1991 979 970 985 969 - 969 2001 1001 990 1006 975 - 975 2011 1037 1028 1042 1038 - 1038 Note :- Sex ratio has been defined here as the number of females per 1000 males. Sex Ratio is not available for the Census Years 1901, 1931 and 1941. Yanam District is entirely urban.

It may be seen from the Table 4 above that as per Census 2011, sex ratio of total population of Yanam district is 1038 females per 1000 males which is almost equal

36 that of Puduchery U.T. Total female population has outnumbered the Male population. A marginal difference of sex ratio may be noticed in the sex ratio in urban areas of Puducherry U.T. and Yanam i.e., when compared to urban areas of Puducherry U.T., Yanam district is 4 point less than the Sex ratio of Union Territory in 2011.

Table 5: Sex ratio by Sub-districts, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Sub-district Sex ratio Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5

1 Yanam Taluk 1038 0 1038

District: Yanam 1038 0 1038

Sex ratio of Yanam district / Taluk as per Census 2011 is given in the above Table-5. Female population has outnumbered the Male population i.e for every 1000 males, there are 1038 females in the district / taluk.

Table 6 : Sex ratio by CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD block Sex ratio

1 2 3

Yanam District is entirely Urban

Table 7: Sex ratio of rural population by ranges, 2011

Range of sex ratio for Number of inhabited Percentage of Population 2011 Percentage distribution villages villages villages in each of population range

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

37

Table 8: Sex ratio of towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of town Urban status of town Sex ratio

1 2 3 4

1 Yanam (M) (M) 1038

Sex ratio (Urban) district: 1038

In Yanam district, there is only one town namely Yanam Municipality, which is co-terminous with district boundary. Sex ratio of the total population of Yanam (M) is worked out to 1038 females per 1000 males according to 2011 Census.

Table 9: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 for Sub-districts, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Sub-district Total/ Rural/ Total population in 0-6 age group Sex ratio Urban for 0-6 age group Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Yanam Taluk Total 6204 3230 2974 921 Rural 0 0 0 0 Urban 6204 3230 2974 921 District: Yanam Total 6204 3230 2974 921 Rural 0 0 0 0 Urban 6204 3230 2974 921

Sex ratio of child population in the age group (0-6) of Yanam Taluk as per Census 2011 is 921 female children per 1000 male children. When compared to the sex ratio of total population (1038), sex ratio of child population is significantly very low in the taluk.

Table 10: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 for CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Sex ratio for 0-6 Total population in 0-6 age group age group

Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6

Yanam District is entirely urban

38

Table 11 : Sex ratio of rural population in the age group 0-6 by ranges, 2011

Range of sex ratio for villages Number of Percentage Population 2011 Percentage inhabited villages distribution of distribution of villages population

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 12: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 of towns, 2011

Sl.No. Name of town Urban status Total population in 0-6 age group Sex ratio of town for 0-6 age group Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Yanam (M) (M) 6204 3230 2974 921 District (Urban): Yanam 6204 3230 2974 921

From the Table 12 above, it may be seen that sex ratio of child population in the age group (0-6) of Yanam (M) is 921 female children per 1000 male children, which is very low when compared to sex ratio of total population (1038).

Table 13: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population in Sub-districts, 2011 Percentage of Total Total Percentage of Total/ scheduled Name of Sub- Total scheduled scheduled scheduled tribes Sr.No. Rural/ castes District population castes tribes population to Urban population to population population total population total population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Yanam Taluk Total 55626 8427 0 15.15 0

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 55626 8427 0 15.15 0 Yanam District Total 55626 8427 0 15.15 0 Rural 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 55626 8427 0 15.15 0

It may be seen from the above table 13 that, as per 2011 Census, there are 8427 SC persons out of total population of 55,626 persons in the district / Taluk. i.e., a proportion of 15.15 per cent of total population belong to Scheduled Castes. No Scheduled Tribes are enumerated in Yanam district / Taluk.

39

Table 14: Number and percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Total Total Total Percentage of Percentage of population scheduled scheduled scheduled castes scheduled tribes castes tribes population to population to population population total population total population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 15: Proportion of Scheduled Castes population to total population in villages , 2011

Percentage range of scheduled Number of Percentage Scheduled castes Percentage castes population to total villages population population

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 16: Proportion of Scheduled Tribes population to total population in villages, 2011

Percentage range of scheduled Number of villages Percentage Scheduled tribes Percentage tribes population to total population population

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

40

Table 17: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population in towns, 2011 Sr.No. Name of town Total Total Total Percentage of Percentage of Population scheduled scheduled scheduled castes scheduled tribes castes tribes population to population to population population total population total population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Yanam (M) 55626 8427 0 15.15 0 District (Urban) : Yanam 55626 8427 0 15.15 0

The above table gives the Number and percentage of Scheduled Castes population in Yanam taluk of Yanam District in 2011. Yanam Taluk is entirely urban. It may be observed from the Table that, out of total poulation of 55,626 in Yanam (M), 8427 persons belong to Scheduled Castes which works out to 15.15 per cent of total population. No tribes are scheduled in the U.T of Puducherry as per Presidential Order. Table 18: Sex ratio among scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (rural) in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of C.D.block Scheduled castes sex ratio Scheduled tribes sex ratio

1 2 3 4

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 19: Sex ratio among scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of town Scheduled castes sex Scheduled tribes sex ratio ratio

1 2 3 4

1 Yanam (M) 1055 0

District (Urban): Yanam 1055 0

The sex ratio of Scheduled Castes and Sheduled Tribes in Yanam Town are given in the Table 19. As per Census 2011, Sex Ratio of Scheduled Castes in Yanam Municipaltiy is 1055 females per 1000 Males which is significantly higher than that of sex ratio of total population (1038).

41

Table 20: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in sub-districts, 2011 Sr.No. Name of Sub- Total/ Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in district Rural/ male- Urban Number of literates Number of illiterates female literacy Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Yanam Taluk Total 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4 District: Yanam Total 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4 As per Census 2011, Total Number of literates, illiterates, percentage of literates and gap in literacy rate of Yanam District/Taluk are given in the Table 20. Yanam Taluk had recorded 70.6 per cent of literacy rate and gender gap in literacy rate as 6.4 percentage points as per 2011 Census. Male literates (72.96%) are higher than the female literates(68.3%) in the district. Table 21: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in CD Blocks (rural), 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male- Number of literates Number of illiterates female literacy rate

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 22: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range, 2011

Range of literacy Number of Percentage Population Percentage rate for villages inhabited villages distribution of distribution of villages population

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

42

Table 23: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in towns, 2011 Sr. Name of Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates No. town Gap in male- Number of literates Number of illiterates female literacy Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Yanam (M) 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4

District (Urban): 39274 19919 19355 16352 7382 8970 70.6 72.96 68.33 6.4 Yanam

It may be observed from the table that Yanam has recorded 72.96 percent of male literates and 68.33 female literates thus resulting in a gap of 6.4 percent in male-female literacy rate in Yanam (M).

Table 24: Number of Scheduled Castes literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in CD Blocks. 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male- Number of literates Number of illiterates female Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females literacy rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 25: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range for Scheduled Castes population (rural), 2011

Range of literacy rate for Number of inhabited Percentage distribution of Scheduled castes Percentage villages villages having villages population distribution Scheduled castes of population

1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

43

Table 26: Number of scheduled castes literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in Town male- female Number of literates Number of illiterates literacy rate Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yanam (M) 6345 3153 3192 2082 947 1135 75.29 76.9 73.77 5.37 1 District: 6345 3153 3192 2082 947 1135 75.29 76.9 73.77 5.37 Yanam

The table gives the number and percentage of literates and illiterates by sex among the scheduled castes population. It may be seen that Yanam has recorded 76.9 percent of male literates and 73.77 percent of female literates. Among SC Population in the district, Literates among males are more than that of females with a gap of 5.37 percent in male-female literacy.

Table 27: Number and percentage of Scheduled Tribes literates and illiterates by sex in C.D.Blocks, 2011

Sl.No. Name Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male- of C.D. Number of literates Number of illiterates Block female literacy rate

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

Table 28: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range for Scheduled Tribes population, 20111

Range of literacy rate for villages Number of inhabited Percentage Scheduled Tribes Percentage villages distribution Population distribution of of villages population 1 2 3 4 5

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

Literacy rate for District (Rural): - Nil -

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Table 29: Number and percentage of Scheduled Tribes literates and illiterates by sex in Towns, 2011

Sl.No. Name of Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in Town male- Number of literates Number of illiterates female literacy Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

Table 30: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers by sex in tahsils, 2011

Sr. Name of Persons Total Main workers Marginal workers Total workers Non workers No. tahsil / Males/ population (main and Females marginal workers)

Number Perce Number Perce Number Percen Number Percen ntage ntage tage tage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Yanam Persons 55626 15373 27.64 1387 2.49 16760 30.13 38866 69.87 (M) Males 27301 13233 48.47 814 2.98 14047 51.45 13254 48.55

Females 28325 2140 7.56 573 2.02 2713 9.58 25612 90.42 District: Persons 55626 15373 27.64 1387 2.49 16760 30.13 38866 69.87 Yanam Males 27301 13233 48.47 814 2.98 14047 51.45 13254 48.55

Females 28325 2140 7.56 573 2.02 2713 9.58 25612 90.42

The above table presents the status of Workers and Non-Workers in Yanam District. The number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal Workers and Non Workers in Yanam Taluk are given in the Table. Among Main and Marginal Workers, Males has registered 48.47 per cent and 2.98 per cent whereas females has registered 7.56 per cent and 2.02 per cent respectively. It may be noticed that male registered more than six times of female working population among Main Workers. Yanam registered 48.55 per cent of Males and 90.42 per cent of females among non-working population. In total, Yanam has registered 30.13 percent of total workers and 69.87 percent of non-workers, Male with 51.45 and 48.55 percent of total workers and non-workers and females with 9.58 and 90.42 percent of total workers and non-workers respectively. It may be seen from the table that male workers are nearly more than five times of female workers in the district.

45

Table 31: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers and non- workers by Sex in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr. Name of Persons/ Total Main workers Marginal Total workers Non workers No. CD Block Males/ popula workers (main and Females tion marginal workers) Number Perce Number Perce Number Percent Number Percent ntage ntage age age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 32: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers by sex in towns, 2011

Persons/ Total Main workers Marginal Total workers Non workers Males/ population workers (main and Females marginal workers) Name Sr. of No town Percen Perce Percent Perce Number Number Number Number tage ntage age ntage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Yanam Persons 55626 15373 27.64 1387 2.49 16760 30.13 38866 69.87

(M) Males 27301 13233 48.47 814 2.98 14047 51.45 13254 48.55

Females 28325 2140 7.56 573 2.02 2713 9.58 25612 90.42

District Persons 55626 15373 27.64 1387 2.49 16760 30.13 38866 69.87 Urban Males 27301 13233 48.47 814 2.98 14047 51.45 13254 48.55

Females 28325 2140 7.56 573 2.02 2713 9.58 25612 90.42

The above table shows the Number and Percentage of Main workers, Marginal Workers and Non Workers in Yanam Taluk. Among Main and Marginal Workers, Males have registered 48.47 percent and 2.98 percent whereas females have registered 7.56 percent and 2.02 percent respectively. It may be noticed that male registered more than six times of female working population among Main Workers. Yanam district has registered 48.55 percent of Males and 90.42 percent of females among non-working population. In total, Yanam district has registered 30.13 percent of total workers and 69.87 percent of non-workers, Male with 51.45 and 48.55 percent of total workers and non-workers and females with 9.58 and 90.42

46 percent of total workers and non-workers respectively. Yanam district, Yanam Town and Yanam Municipality are co-terminous.

Table 33: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Sub-district, 2011

Sr. Name of Persons/ Total Total Category of workers No. Sub- Males/ population workers Household Agricultural District Females (main + Cultivators industry Other workers labourers marginal workers workers) Num Perce Num Perce Numb Perce Numb Perce ber ntage ber ntage er ntage er ntage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Persons 55626 16760 291 1.74 3324 19.83 146 0.87 12999 77.56 Yanam 14047 281 2.00 2668 18.99 98 0.70 11000 78.31 Taluk Males 27301 Females 28325 2713 10 0.37 656 24.18 48 1.77 1999 73.68 District: Persons 55626 16760 291 1.74 3324 19.83 146 0.87 12999 77.56 Yanam Males 27301 14047 281 2.00 2668 18.99 98 0.70 11000 78.31 Females 28325 2713 10 0.37 656 24.18 48 1.77 1999 73.68

The above table portrays the different main categories of workers in Yanam taluk. It may be seen that the majority of workers are covered under the category of other workers both among Male and Female population. About 78.31 percent males and 73.68 percent of females are in Other Workers category. Agricultural labourers occupies the second position among males with 18.99% and females with 24.18%. Female Agricultural Labourers are more than Male Agricultural labourers, Cultivator category occupies 3rd position followed by Household Industry having least proportion of Workers both among males and females.

Table 34: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr. Name of CD Persons/ Total Total Category of Workers No. Block Males/ popula workers Household Agricultural Females tion (main + Cultivators industry Other workers labourers marginal workers workers) Num Percen Num Perce Num Perce Numb Perce ber tage ber ntage ber ntage er ntage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Yanam District is entirely urban

47

Table 35: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Towns, 2011 Sr. Name of Persons/ Total Total Category of workers No. town Males/ population workers Females (main + Household Agricultural marginal Cultivators industry Other workers labourers workers) workers

Numb Perce Numb Perce Numb Perce Numb Perce er ntage er ntage er ntage er ntage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Persons 55626 16760 291 1.74 3324 19.83 146 0.87 12999 77.56 1 Yanam (M) Males 27301 14047 281 2.00 2668 18.99 98 0.70 11000 78.31

Females 28325 2713 10 0.37 656 24.18 48 1.77 1999 73.68

District Persons 55626 16760 291 1.74 3324 19.83 146 0.87 12999 77.56

Males 27301 14047 281 2.00 2668 18.99 98 0.70 11000 78.31

Females 28325 2713 10 0.37 656 24.18 48 1.77 1999 73.68

From the above table, it may be seen that the majority of workers in the district are Other Workers. Of the total workers 77.6 per cent are other workers. About 78.31 percent of male workers and 73.68 per cent of female workers are Other Workers. Agricultural labourers(19.8%) occupies the second position among the total workers. Female Agricultural Labourers are around 5 percentage point more than Male Agricultural labourers. Cultivators occupies 3rd position followed by Household Industry having least proportion of workers both in males and females.

48

Brief Analysis of Village and Town Directory 2011 (Table 36 to 45) The Village and Town Directory supplied by the State Govt. are presented in the Book separately. Various types of amenities available and land use pattern of each village of the district is presented in the Village Directory and facilities like Schools, Hospitals, Main Industrial activities, Slum details are presented in the Town Directory. Village Directory has been tabulated at Taluk level while the Town Directory has been presented at town level. On the basis of the data certain tables have been designed and brief Analytical Note thereon are given below from table 36 to 45. Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011

Type of amenity available

$

societies

#

@ Sr. No. Banks Medical Education Post office Telephone * Power supply Drinking water Name of CD Block Approach by pucca road Number of inhabited villages Transport communications Agricultural credit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Yanam District is entirely Urban

Table 37: Number and percentage of rural population served by different amenities, 2011

Type of amenity available

$

#

@ of CD Block Sr. No.

villages Banks Medical Education Post office Telephone * Power supply Drinking water Name Approach by pucca road Total population of inhabited Transport communications Agricultural credit societies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Yanam District is entirely Urban

49

Table 38: Distribution of villages not having certain amenities, arranged by distance ranges from the places where these are available, 2011

Village not having the amenity of Distance range of place from the villages where the amenity is available

Less than 5 5-10 kilometres 10+ Total (Col. 2-4) kilometres kilometres 1 2 3 4 5

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 39: Distribution of villages according to the distance from the nearest statutory town and availability of different amenities, 2011

Distance Number\ Numbe Type of amenity available Range Percenta r of Education* Medical Post Tele Tran Banks Agri Approa from the ge Inhabit ^ Office phone sport @ cultural ch by nearest ed # * Com Credit Pucca Statutory Village muni Societies Road Town (In s in catio Kilometr Each ns $ es) Range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 40: Distribution of villages according to population range and amenities available, 2011 Populat Number Numb Type of amenity available ion \ Perc er of Educa Medi Drink Post Telep Transp Banks@ Agric Appr Power range entage inhabit tion* cal^ ing office hone ort ultural oach supply ed water # * commu credit by village nicatio societi pucca s in ns $ es road each range

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Yanam District is entirely urban

50

Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Number of Total area Percentage of Percentage of inhabited (in Hectares) cultivable area to irrigated area to villages total area total cultivable area

1 2 3 4 5 6

Yanam District is entirely urban

Table 42: Schools/ colleges per 10,000 population in towns, 2011

Sr. Name of the town Type of educational institution No. Primary Middle Secondary / Senior College matriculation secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3.95 1.80 2.70 1 Yanam (M) 0.72 0.36 Total 3.95 1.80 2.70 0.72 0.36

Type of Educational institutions i.e. schools and colleges available per 10,000 population prevailing in Yanam town is given in the table. In Yanam (M), 4 Primary Schools and 2 Middle Schools have been established for every 10,000 population. Ratio of Secondary Schools and Senior Secondary Schools to total population works out to 2.7 and 0.72 respectively. Ratio of college per 10,000 population is 0.36.

Table 43: Number of beds in medical institutions in towns, 2011

Sr. No. Name of the town Number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 population

1 2 3

1 Yanam (M) 19.95

Total 19.95

The number of beds available in the hospitals for every 10000 population in Yanam town is given in the above table 43. Yanam town is facilitated with 19.95

51 beds per 10000 population, which is significantly higher than that of any other town in Puducherry U.T.

Table 44: Proportion of slum population in towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of the town having Total population Slum population Percentage of slum slum population to total population

1 2 3 4 5 55626 3251 5.84 1 Yanam (M) Total 55626 3251 5.84

From the Table 44, it may be seen that Yanam (M) shows 5.84 percent of slum population to total population. Out of total population of 55,626 persons in Yanam (M), 3,251 persons live in slum areas in the town which is 5.9 per cent of total population of the town.

Table 45: Most important commodity manufactured in towns, 2011

Sr. No. Name of the town Name of three most important commodities manufactured 1 2 3

1 Yanam (M) Feldspar Powder, Ceramic Tiles, Shrimp Feed

Yanam Municipality is co-terminous with Yanam district. Yanam (M) is an industrial centre. Feldspar powder, Ceramic Tiles and Shrimp Feed are the three most important commodities manufactured in Yanam (M). Feldspar Power is used as a flexing agent and can also be used as filler in Rubber Industry, Plastic Industry, Paint insulator and adhesive industry. A major Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing industry is located in Yanam. Shrimp feed Manufacturing is also major industrial activity in the district.

52

Scope of Village and Town Directory

Concepts used in Village and Town Directory:

1. Educational Amenities:-The type of different educational facilities available in the village is given in numbers. Both Government and private educational facilities / institutions are considered for this-purpose. If there are composite schools like Middle schools with Primary classes, or Secondary schools with middle classes, these are included in the number of Primary and Middle schools respectively. For example, if in a village there are two Primary schools and one Middle school with primary classes, the number of Primary schools in the village are given as three and that of Middle school as one even though there may be only three educational institutions. So also in case of Secondary schools. For better understanding, the distinctiveness of different types of schools is depicted hereunder:

1.1 Pre-primary (PP): Now-a-days, the children are sent to schools at a very early stage. Lot of pre-primary schools, private schools in particular, have come up in villages and towns. These may or may not be recognized by the competent authorities. Even many Secondary schools have classes starting from preprimary level. Pre-primary classes include Nursery, K.G., Pre-basic, Play school, etc.

1.2 Primary School (P): Schools providing education from Standard 1 and upward up to and inclusive of Standard V are classified as Primary Schools.

1.3 Middle School (M): Schools providing education from Standard VI and upward up to and inclusive of Standard VIII are classified as Middle Schools. A School with Class 1 to VIII is treated as two units, i.e. one Primary School and one Middle School.

1.4 Secondary School (S): Schools providing education from Standard IX and upwards up to and inclusive of Standard X are classified as Secondary Schools. A composite school with 1 to X standard is treated as three separate units and counted separately under the categories of Primary School, Middle School and Secondary School.

1.5 Senior Secondary School (SS): Schools and colleges that provide education for Standards XI and XII and first and second year of the Pre-University Course fall under this category. There are Senior Secondary Schools with Standard I and upwards up to Standard XII.

1.6. Degree College: (i) Arts/Science/Commerce : These are all educational institutions that provide post-PUC level education leading to University degree/diploma in any subject or combination of subjects and also post-graduate levels of education. The college offering courses in Arts, Science or Commerce either separately or in combination are covered under this category.

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(ii) Engineering College (E): It is a graduate/post-graduate degree college providing Bachelor of Engineering (BE) or Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.) or post-graduate engineering degrees like M.Tech.

(iii) Medical Colleges: These are graduate/post-graduate degree colleges providing MBBS or equivalent degree in alternative medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy etc. or post-graduate medical degrees like M.D or equivalent in the above branches of medicine.

1.7. Management College/ Institute (MI): It offers courses like Diploma in Management, Post-Graduate Diploma in Management, Masters of Business Administration (MBA) and specializations in different disciplines of Management like Marketing, Human Resources Development (HRD) etc.

1.8. Polytechnic (Pt): An Institution providing certificate/diploma (not equivalent to degree) in any technical subject like engineering, vocational courses like embroidery, fashion designing etc. It may be both Government and Private.

1.9. Vocational School/ITI: It is a vocational training institute imparting trainings in specific fields acquiring necessary skill, which will make the trainees employable or create them opportunities of self-employment. Trainings offered by Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) fall under this category.

1.10. Non-formal Education/Training Centre (NFTC): Non-vocational education centers, established by the Central and State Governments provide educational facilities to the interested persons irrespective of educational qualification, and age. These education centers are open to all.

1.11. Special School for Disabled: There are Government and Government recognized institutions/organizations engaged for providing education to different groups of disabled persons.

2. Medical Facilities: 2.1 Hospital-Allopathic and Hospital-Alternative medicine: A hospital is an Institution, where sick or injured are given medical or surgical care. Bed strength differs from hospital to hospital ranging from 31 to 500 depending upon whether these are sub-district, sub-divisional or district hospitals. If there is hospitals providing facilities under different systems of medicines such as, Allopathy, Ayuveda, Unani and Homeopathy etc., these details are given separately.

(a) Allopathy: The system of medical practice, which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment. (b) Ayurveda: Ayurveda means ‘Science of life’. The philosophy of Ayurveda is based on the theory of Pancha Mahabhootas (Five elements) of which all the objects and living bodies are composed of. The combination of these five elements

54 are represented in the form of Tridosha: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. These three ‘doshas’ are physiological entities of living beings. Ayurveda developed into eight distinct specialities, i.e., Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Eye and ENT, Surgery, Toxicology, Geriatrics and Science of virility. Two types of treatments, Preventive and Curative, are given in Ayurveda. (c) Unani: Treatment of Unani consists of three components, namely, preventive, promotive and curative. Unani system of medicine has been found to be efficacious in conditions like Rheumatic Artharitis. Jaundice, Filarisis, Eczema, Sinusitis and Bronchial Asthma. For the prevention of the disease and promotion of health, the Unani System emphasizes six essentials: pure air, food and water, physical movement and rest, psychic movement and rest, sleep and wakefulness and retention of useful materials and evacuation of waste materials from the body. (d) Homoeopathy: Treatment in Homoeopathy, which is holistic in nature, focuses on an individual’s response to a specific environment. Homoeopathic medicines are prepared mainly from natural substances such as plant products, minerals and animal sources. Homoeopathic medicines do not have any toxic, poisonous or side effects. Homoeopathic treatment is economical as well and has a very broad public acceptance.

2.2 Community Health Centre (CHC): Community Health Centres are designed to provide referral health care for cases from PHC and those in need of specialist health care approaching the CHC directly. 4 PHCs are included under each CHC thus catering approximately 80,000 populations in tribal/hilly areas and 1, 20,000 populations for plain areas. CHC is a 30- bedded hospital providing specialist care in Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Surgery and Paediatrics.

2.3 Primary Health Centre (PHC): A Primary Health Centre is the first contact point between a village community and the Government medical officer. A PHC covers a population of 20,000 in hilly, tribal or difficult areas and 30,000 populations in plain areas with 4-6 indoor/observation beds. It acts as a referral unit for 6 sub-centres. It has a medical officer and para medical staff.

2.4 Primary Health Sub- Centre (PHS): A Primary Health Sub-centre is the first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. As per the population norms, one PHS is established for every 5,000 population in plain areas and 3,000 population in hilly/ tribal/ desert areas. Each PHS has a sanctioned strength of one male and one female heath worker.

2.5 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre (MCW): It provides pre-natal and post- natal services for both mother and child. The services include regular check-up of

55 pregnant women, giving folic tablets, counseling, delivery, immunization of children with check-up etc.

2.6 TB Clinic (TBC): The diagnosis and treatment of TB are functions of the general health services and hence it is a part and parcel of Primary Health Care. Specialized units such as the District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) act as referral centres. TB clinics are established by the Government of India under the National Tuberculosis Control Programme and implemented through a network of DTC. The DTC is the nodal point for TB control activities in the district and it also functions as a specialized referral centre. The functions of sub-district level Tuberculosis Unit (TU) are implementation, monitoring and supervision of TB control activities in its designated geographical areas.

2.7 Health Centre: Clinic where medicine and medical supplies are dispensed. It has no in-patient facility. A clinic (or an outpatient clinic) is a small private or public health facility that is devoted to the care of outpatients, often in a community, in contrast to larger hospitals, which also treat inpatients.

2.8 Dispensary: Place where patients are treated and medicines provided but with no in-patient facility. Immunizations, MCH Services and sometimes pathological tests are carried out here. It may be of allopathic or any alternative medicine. 2.9 Veterinary Hospital: Mostly run by the State Government or local body for treatment and preventive measures against diseases of domestic animals like cows, buffaloes etc in rural areas. 2.10 Mobile Health Clinic: These are Mobile vans well equipped with a range of health services to villages located far away from the CHCs, PHCs or any public health sources. The vans visit villages on designated days to deliver the health care services. The services generally offered are OPD, ante-natal and post-natal, B.P. examination, X-ray, ECG, Immunization, First Aid etc. 2.11 Family Welfare Centre: Check-up and counseling is provided to the pregnant and married women regarding small family norm and devices for having a small family. Temporary and permanent contraceptive devices are provided here. 2.12 Nursing Home: A nursing home is a long –term care facility licensed by the state that offers 24-hour room and board and health care services including basic and skilled nursing care, rehabilitation and a full range of other therapies., treatments and programs to old and sick people. The difference between a hospital and a nursing home is that a nursing home gives importance to convalescence from a disease while a hospital gives medical treatment for the disease.

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2.13 Medicine Shop: A shop which sells drugs and medicines of any system of medicine viz. allopathic, homeopathic, ayurvedic or unani medicines, is considered as a medicine shop. Sometimes some shops and Paan shops also keep ordinary medicines, like Crocin, Burnol etc. These shops are not taken as medicine shops.

3. Drinking water: The following are the main source of drinking water facility (ies) available in the village.

3.1 Tap Water-treated: This source of drinking water refers to a source of drinking water which is provided to the villagers through pipes within their premises or to the villagers through common taps (public taps/community water points) by the Government departments, local bodies, panchayats, public or private estate agencies, etc. after treatment. Such a source is treated as ‘Tap water from treated source’.

3.2 Tap Water-un-treated: If the villagers are drawing drinking water through pipes either directly from a well or bore well or after pumping the well or tube well water, or the water is supplied through pipes to the households of the village or through public taps without treatment. Such a source is treated as ‘Tap water from un-treated source’.

3.3 Covered Well (CW): A well that is (1) covered on sides from run-off water (i.e., excess water from rain, snowmelt or other sources flows over the land) through a wall lining or casting that is raised above ground level on a platform that diverts spilled water away from the well and (2) covered so that bird droppings and animals cannot fall down the hole. It is considered as covered well.

3.4 Un-covered Well (UW): A well which is (1) un-covered on sides from runoff water, (2) un-covered from bird droppings and animals; or (3) both.

3.5 Hand Pump (HP): Hand pump means where ground water is taken out manually by operating a hand pump.

3.6 Tube Well / Borehole (TW): Tube well denotes the ground water source from where ground water is taken out through electrical or diesel pump. Spring, River/Canal, Tank/Pond/Lark are self - explanatory.

4. Community Toilet Complex : Community Toilet may be constructed and maintained by Gram Panchayats or Private NGOs like Sulabh Sauchalaya or likes.

5. Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet (RSM): It is an outlet dealing with the materials, hardware and designs required for the construction of not only sanitary latrines but other sanitary facilities such as compost pit, washing platform and other sanitation and hygiene accessories required for individuals, households and the environment in the rural areas.

6. Community bio-gas or recycle of waste for productive use: Many of the solid wastes having economic values but put for disposal can be recycled for reuse. For example, food, cow dung, leaves, vegetable, paper, wood, plastics, old cloth etc.

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However, some of the wastes are not recyclable. These are carbon paper, thermo coal etc. When recyclable solid wastes is subjected to decomposition, bio-gas could be produced under favourable conditions. These systems of recycling may be there at the village level organized by Gram Panchayats with technical support from Governments or non-government organizations.

7. Communication and transport Facilities:

7.1 Post Office (PO): Self-explanatory.

7.2 Sub-Post Office (SPO): Sub-post office includes Extra Departmental Post Offices and those providing franchise postal services and also part time services in lieu of some honorarium. The limited postal services include sale of stamps, receipt of letters and money orders and also distribution of letters.

7.3 Post & Telegraph Office (PTO): Telegraph office is set up by the Government to enable people to send or receive telegrams. If the phonogram facility is available (though the Telegraph office may not be equipped with Morse Code Transmitters), the village is considered to be having telegraph facility.

7.4 Telephones (landlines): If the village is having the Public Call Office (PCO) either run by the Post Office or by individuals or by a private shop, then the village is considered to be having telephone facility.

7.5 Public Call Office (PCO)/Mobile PCO: Self - explanatory.

7.6 Mobile Phone Coverage: Mobile phones are now very common particularly in urban areas. Some villages by virtue of being in close proximity to the urban areas also enjoy the benefits of the mobile phone services. Even if a few villagers avail the services of mobile phones, then the village is considered to be having access to mobile phone.

7.7 Internet Cafes/Common Service Centres (CSC): If the village is having the facility of Cyber Cafes or shops owned by private individuals providing the facility of surfing of the internet, then the village is considered to be having access to internet/cyber cafe facility. Government of India formulated the scheme of CSC with the vision of providing all government services in an integrated manner at the door step of the citizen at an affordable cost even in the remotest corners of the country through a combination of it based as well as non-IT based services.

7.8 National Highway (NH): These are main highways running through the length and breadth of the country. Each NH is numbered like NH-1, NH-2 for easy identification.

7.9 State Highway (SH): These are roads of a state linking district headquarters and important cities within a State and connecting them with NHs or Highways of the neighboring States.

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7.10 Major District Roads (MDR): These are important roads within a district, serving areas of production and markets and connecting these with each other or with the main Highways.

7.11 Other District Roads (ODR): These are roads serving rural areas of production and providing them with outlet to market centres, taluka headquarters, block development head quarters or other main roads.

7.12 Village Road: The approach to village refers to the state of road etc., leading to the village. This is to see whether the village is approachable both in fair and foul weather, and whether it is inaccessible only for some time in the year.

7.13. Black-Topped (Pucca) Road (BTR): A road provided with a bituminous surfacing.

7.14 Gravel (Kuchha) Road (GR): A road constructed using well compacted crushed rock or gravel material (coarse sand, small stones), which is fairly resilient and does not become slippery when wet.

7.15 Water Bound Macadam (WBM): This is the road layer made of crushed or broken mixture of sand and rock fragments mechanically interlocked by rolling and voids filled with screening and binding material with the assistance of water.

7.16 Foot Path (FP): A trodden path for the use by pedestrians and in some cases bicycles. The Foot Paths are not suitable for vehicular traffic except bicycles in some cases. Most of the interior/forest villages are connected by Foot Paths.

8. Banks and Credit Societies: - Banking facility means a place where a person can operate a bank account.

8.1 Commercial Bank (CB): These may be banks wholly owned by the Government of India. or by Indian or Foreign Companies.

8.2 Cooperative Banks (Coop. B): A co-operative bank is a financial entity which belongs to its members, who are at the same time the owners and the customers of their bank. Cooperative banks are often created by persons belonging to the some local or professional community or sharing a common interest. These banks are registered under the Cooperative Societies Act. The cooperative banks are regulated by RBI and are covered by the Banking Regulations Act, 1949. 8.3 Agricultural Credit Society (ACS): Major objectives of the ACS are to supply agricultural credit to meet the requirements of funds for agricultural production, the distribution of essential consumer commodities, the provision of storage and marketing facilities and for light agricultural implements and machinery.

8.4 Non-Agricultural Credit Society (NCS): These societies include consumer cooperative societies and also credit cooperative societies of certain categories of persons like teachers, health workers, etc.

9. Miscellaneous Facilities:

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9.1 Self-help Group (SHG): Self-Help Groups are groups of between 10-25 women created by either NGOs or under the SGSY (Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana) for the purposes of meeting local credit needs. They are sometimes called Mahila Mandals in villages.

9. 2. Public Distribution System (PDS) shop: The shops through which some essential commodities are sold by the government at subsidized rates. They may also be known as ration shops and control shops.

9.3. Mandis/Regular Market: These are those clusters of shops with or without fixed premises which are open on at least six days a week and opens at least from morning hours to dusk.

9.4. Weekly Haat: These are those clusters of shops with or without fixed premises which are open once a week.

9.5. Agricultural Marketing Society: It is a common platform to analyse the issues among all the individuals and institutions in the field of agricultural marketing.

9.6. Nutrition Centre: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme set up by the Government of India with the objective of providing following package of services to the children under 6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers in villages such as; Immunization, Health Check-up, Referral Services, Pre-school Non-formal Education and Nutrition & Health Education.

9.7. Anganwadi Centre: Each centre under the ICDS scheme is run by an Anganwadi Worker. One Anganwadi worker is appointed for specified population of the village. They are basically local women. They are assisted by Anganwadi helper. They provide pre-school non-formal education at the Centre and provide food to the children.

9.8. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA): ASHA is a health activist in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilization and accountability of the existing health services. She would be a promoter of good health practices. She will also provide a minimum package of curative care as appropriate and feasible for that level and make timely referrals. She will act as a motivator of different types of health related activities. Unlike ANM, she will not be involved in any clinical activities like immunization.

9.9. Sports Club/Recreation Centre: Indoor and out-door games are arranged by the Club and activities like wrestling, Judo Karate etc. are also done there.

9.10. Cinema/Video Hall (CV): If regular cinema houses licensed by Government is available, then the town/village is considered to be having the facility of Cinema Hall. Video hall owners screen films in their own or hired premises.

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9.11. Public Library: Books are kept there which can be accessed by the public on loan basis. These may be sponsored by Government or Local Body or Panchayat or any influential person. Free service or nominal charges are made for using the facility.

9.12. Public Reading Room: Here the public may read newspapers and magazines. These may be sponsored by Government or Local Body or Panchayat or any influential person.

9.13. Newspaper Supply: The availability of the Newspaper(s), both in English or vernacular, in the village is considered to having the said facility.

10. Availability of Electricity/Power. If power is actually available, whatever may be the form of its use, it is indicated affirmative. If the village is having electricity for domestic purposes and the residents are using the same for domestic use, then it is considered that domestic power supply is available. If the electricity authority has not given domestic supply to the households on their request and people are using unauthorized electricity either by stealthily or misuse the supply meant for agricultural or industrial purposes, then it is not considered as availability of electricity for domestic purposes. However, if the village goes out of power due to temporary technical problems such as, transformer failures, theft of electrical equipment, etc., it is considered that electricity is available. Supply of electricity is considered available even when there is a temporary ban on new domestic connections. Connections to residential houses, bungalows, clubs, hostels and hospitals run on non-commercial basis, charitable, educational and religious institutions are included in the domestic category.

10.1 Power Supply for domestic use: This category includes electricity used only for domestic consumption.

10.2 Power supply for agricultural use: This category includes all electricity connections given to the farmers for conducting various agricultural activities including irrigation.

10.3 Power supply for commercial use: This category includes electricity connections given for workshops, industries etc. or for any commercial purposes.

10.4 Power supply for all uses: This category includes electricity connection is available for domestic use, agricultural use, and for any commercial purposes.

11. Land Use Pattern: The land use area of the villages is given in hectares. The land use pattern in the Village Directory conform to the pattern of classification of land use as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The Ministry has recommended the maintenance of records of land use pattern under the 9 categories as indicated in the Village Directory.

12. System of drainage : Generally, by drainage system, we mean the network of mains and branches of underground conduits for the conveyance of sewerage to the

61 point of disposal. Sewers that carry only household and industrial wastage are called separate sewers; those that carry storm water from roofs, streets and other surfaces are known as storm water drains, while those carrying both sewage and storm water are called combined sewers. However, in towns, which are not provided with such underground sewerage system, it is mentioned whether it has open drainage system. There may be possibility of the town having both closed as well as open drainage systems.

13. Type of latrines: The data on various types of latrines both public and private together are collected. The three types of latrines considered here are, Pit Latrine, Flush/Pour Flush Latrine and Service Latrine.

(i) Pit System: The latrines are attached to the pit that is dug into the ground for the reception of night soil, are reckoned as pit latrine.

(ii) Flush/pour flush: A flush latrine uses a cistern or holding tank for flushing water and has a water seal, which is a U-shaped pipe, below the seat or squatting pan that prevents the passage of flies and odours. A pour flush latrine uses a water seal, but unlike a flush latrine, a pour flush latrine uses water poured by hand for flushing (no cistern is used).

(iii) Service: Type of latrine from where night soil is removed manually by scavengers. All other types of latrines are covered under “Others” category.

14. Protected Water Supply- Source and capacity of Storage system: There are various sources of water supply and its storage system in the town.

14.1 Service Reservoir: A service reservoir is a water storage container that holds clean water after it has been treated in a water plant, and before it is piped to the end users. These containers are covered, and are designed to keep the water safe from contamination. Their main purpose is to provide a buffer within the water supply system so that water supplies can be maintained across periods of varying demand. 14.2 River Infiltration Gallery: Infiltration Galleries are capable of supplying large quantities of water, and are used where wells are unable to supply water needs, i.e. where an impermeable rock barrier affects well efficiency, or where surface water sources are too shallow for intake screens. Infiltration galleries are one or more horizontal screens placed adjacent to (on-shore), or directly underneath (bed-mounted), a surface water source. 14.3 Bore Well Pumping System: A bore well is a well of 6" to 12" in diameter drilled into the earth for retrieving water. The depth of a bore well can vary from 50 feet to 3000 feet. Water is pumped out to surface through electricity/generator. 14.4 Pressure Tank: Tank that is used to ensure consistent water pressure and for storage of water. Usually located in basement of house but sometimes (in older settings) located in well pit.

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15. Road lighting (Points): Road lighting means the number of street lights that are maintained in the town.

16. Home Orphanage: Orphanage is the name to describe a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans – children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them. Parents, and sometimes grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are a way of providing for their care and housing.

17. Working women's hostel: These may be recognised or non-recognised by any public authority. The data on number of working women's hostels available in the town are collected with number of seats.

18. Old Age Home: There are two types of Old Age Homes in India. One is the "Free" type which cares for the destitute old people who have no one else to care for them. They are given shelter, food, clothing and medical care. The second type is the "Paid" home where care is provided for a fee. Nowadays, such "Retirement" homes have become very popular in India and they are well worth considering.

19. Stadium: A stadium is a place, or venue, for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts or other events, consisting of a field or stage partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.

20. Auditorium/Community Hall: These are the places where meetings, social functions etc. are organised.

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64

TOWN DIRECTORY

Brief Note on Town Directory

Abbreviations used in Town Directory 2011 Census:-

Town Directory covers the Non-Census data for Yanam Municipality. It presents important and useful information like civic and other amenities available in Yanam (M). The information in the Town Directory is covered in the following seven statements viz., Statements I to VII.

Statement I : Status and Growth History

Statement II : Physical Aspects and Location of town, 2009

Statement III : Civic and other Amenities, 2009

Statement IV : Medical Facilities, 2009

Statement V : Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, 2009

Statement VI : Industry and Banking 2009

Statement VII: Civic and other Amenities in Slums, 2009

Statement I :- Status and Growth History:

Column 1 – Serial Number:- Self explanatory

Column 2:- Class, Name and civic status of town:- The Class is presented according to population of the towns in 2011 Census as follows:

Population Class Population Class 100,000 and above I 10,000 – 19,999 IV 50,000 – 99,999 II 5,000 – 9,999 V 20,000 – 49,999 III Below - 5,000 VI

The following abbreviations are used to denote the Civic Status of the town. Civic Status Codes Civic Status Codes i-Municipal Corporation M.Corp. xii – Notified Town Area NTA ii-Municipal Committee MC xiii – Industrial Notified INA Area iii-Municipal Council M Cl xiv – Industrial Township ITS iv-City Municipal Council CMC xv – Township TS v-Town Municipal TMC xvi – Town Panchayat TP Council vi- Municipal Board MB xvii – Nagar Panchayat NP Vii –Municipality M xviii – Town Committee/ TC Town Area Committee

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viii- Cantonment CB xix – Small Town ST Board/Cantonment Committee ix- Notified Area NA xx – Estate Office EO x –Notified Town NT xxi –Gram Panchayat GP xi - Notified Area NAC xxii – Census Town CT Committee/ Notified Area Council Column 3 - 25: - These columns are self explanatory

Statement II: - Physical Aspects and Location of town, 2009.

Column 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory

Columns 3 to 5 - Physical Aspects:-In these columns the Rainfall and Maximum and Minimum Temperature of the town is recorded.

Columns 6 to 12:- Name and road distance of the town (in kms.) from the State headquarters, District headquarters, Sub-divisional/Taluk/Tahsil/ Police station/Development Block/Island HQ., Nearest city with population of one lakh and more, Nearest city with population of five lakh and more, Railway station and Bus route is recorded in these columns respectively. If the names mentioned in these columns are the same as the referent town itself, the distance is recorded as (0) zero.

Statement III – Civic and other Amenities, 2009:-

Column 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory

Column 3 – Road length (in km.):- The information about the road length (in km.) within the limit of the town is recorded in this column.

Columns 4 to 7- System of drainage: - The system of drainage available in the town is indicated in these columns by the following codes: System of drainage Codes Open drains OD Closed drains CD Both drains BD

Columns 8 to 11-Number of latrines: - The number of various types of latrines available in the town is indicated in these columns.

Columns No. 12 & 13 – Protected water supply: - The information on source of water supply and system of water storage with capacity available in the town are given in these columns in the following codes:

Column 12 (Source of water supply):- (i) Tap water T (ii) Tube-well water TW (iii) Tank Water TK (iv) Well water W

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Column 13 (System of water storage):-

(i) Over Head Tank OHT (ii) Service Reservoir SR (iii) River Infiltration Gallery RIG (iv) Bore Well Pumping System BWP (v) Pressure Tank PT

The information on 2 major source of water supply is given in column 12 and the system of water storage with capacity against each in kilo-litres (in bracket) is presented in column 13.

Columns 14 Fire Fighting Service: - In case the firefighting service is available in the referent town, `yes’ is recorded. If the facility is not available within the town, the name of the nearest place having this facility with its distance from the referent town has been recorded.

Columns 15 to 19- Electrification (Number of connections):-Different types of electric connections have been shown in these columns, i.e., Domestic, Industrial, Commercial, Road lighting (points) & others.

Statement IV: Medical Facilities, 2009:-

Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory

Columns 3 to 13 :- The number of various medical institutions such as Hospitals, Dispensaries, Health Center, Family Welfare Center, Maternity and Child Welfare Center, Maternity Homes, T.B. Hospital/clinic, Nursing Homes, Charitable Hospital/Nursing Home, Mobile Health Clinic and Others as available in the town, are indicated in these columns (along with number of beds in brackets).

If a medical facility is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance in kilometers from the town where the facility is available is mentioned.

Column 14 - Veterinary Hospital:-The Number of Veterinary Hospitals available in the town is given in this column.

Column 15 - Medicine Shop:-The number of Medicine shops available in the town is given in this column.

Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, 2009:-

Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory

Columns 3 to 15 Educational Facilities:- The information on number of Primary school, Middle school, Secondary school, Senior Secondary school, Arts/Science/ Commerce colleges (of degree level and above), Medical colleges, Engineering colleges, Management Institute/Colleges, Polytechnics, Recognized Shorthand,

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Typewriting and vocational training Institutions, Non-formal Education Center (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Center), Special School for disabled and Others available in the town, are indicated in these columns.

If an educational facility is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance in kilometers from the town where the facility is available is mentioned.

Columns 16 to 23 – Number of Social, Recreational and Culture Facilities :- The information on No. of Home Orphanage, Working women’s hostels (with No. of seats in bracket), No. of Old Age Home, Stadium, Cinema Theatre, Auditorium/Community halls, Public libraries and Reading rooms available in the town are given under these column.

Statement VI: Industry and Banking 2009:-

Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory

Columns 3 to 5 - Names of three most important commodities manufactured:- The names of three most important commodities manufactured in the town are given under these columns.

Columns 6 to 8 - Number of banks: - The number of banks available in the referent town both Commercial and Co-operative banks are recorded against these columns.

Columns 9 & 10 – Number of Agricultural and Non Agricultural Credit Societies: - The number of Agricultural and Non Agricultural Credit Societies available in the referent town are given in these columns.

Statement VII: Civic and other Amenities in Slums, 2009:-

This statement VII provides information on civic and other amenities in all slums whether notified or not and for all towns having statutory bodies, like Municipality, Municipal Corporation, Town area committee etc.

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H PUDUCHERRY S YANAM TALUK E D YANAM DISTRICT A Kilometres R 2 0 2

P r e A v S i E R a g G H in a H R A r D d o e N r C u D a F R rom I N D I g A D o i raks v hor A m e am i r a d N o a S B D To Kakinada D T R G 804035 P A YANAM (M) H R A

804035 YANAM (M) a u t a m G i G o d a v a r i R i v e r r e i v R i r D a N v H a A d o G R i t a m G a u A H Boundary, State / U.T./ District / Taluk...... Headquarters: District...... S Statutory Town with MDDS Code...... 804035 Important Metalled Road...... E P River and Stream...... D High School / Senior Secondary School...... S R A Bank...... B Health Centre / Dispensary...... D District Headquarters is also the Taluk Headquarters. Other Medical Facilities...... PUDUCHERRY U.T. YANAM MUNICIPALITY YANAM DISTRICT

H

S A

E

r

D METRES e N

A v i

R

R 400 0 400 800 1200 1600

P D 1 ga A in G

r

R a o

H a d

H C g D e o N r m u A i

d R a i Fr R v om G e Drak shor o r ama T 4 2 A

To Kakinada

3 8 From Kottipalli 10

P Niarva River 9 7 R A D E S H 6

I N D 5 I A r davari Rive r Goutami Go e iv R ri G a ou v ta a A m od R i G G od i av am H ar ut i R o iv G D e r N H

A

S

NUMBER AND NAME OF

WARDS IN 2011 CENSUS P E

BOUNDARY, STATE/UNION TERRITORY...... R 1. METTAKUR A D " MUNICIPAL WARD WITH NUMBER...... 5 2. AMBEDKAR NAGAR 3. VISHNALAYAM HEADQUARTERS: DISTRICT...... 4. PILLARAYA ROADS / STREETS ...... 5. GUERIMPETA 6. FARAMPETA RIVER AND STREAM...... 7. PYDIKONDALA MUD / SAND ...... 8. PEDAPUDI 9. AGRAHARAM HOSPITAL ...... 10.KANAKALAPETA Town Directory Statements

71 STATE

Status and

Sr. Class, name and civic Location Name of Taluk/ Name of CD Area Number of Scheduled Scheduled No. status of town Code No. Tahsil/ Police block (sq. households Castes Tribes Station/Islands Km.) including Population Population etc. houseless (2011 (2011 households Census) Census) (2011 Census)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

III, 1 804035 YANAM - 30.00 13812 8427 - Yanam (M), Municipality

72 MENT - I

Growth History

Population and growth rate (in brackets) of the town at the Density Sex ratio Class, name Sr. No. Censuses of (2011 and civic status 1901- 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Census) 1991 2001 2011 of town 1951

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 1

7032 8291 11631 20297 31394 55626 III, - 1854 969 975 1038 1 (-) (17.9) (40.3) (74.5) (54.7) (77.19) Yanam (M), Municipality

73 STATE

Physical Aspects and

Physical aspects Name of and road distance (in kms.) Rainfall Temperature (in mm) (in centigrade) Sr. Name of town No. Maxi Minimu State HQ. District HQ. mum m

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Yanam (M) 1042.7 35.7 23.8 PUDUCHERRY (840) YANAM (0)

74 MENT-II

Location of Towns, 2009

Name of and road distance (in kms.) from

Sub-Division/ Taluk/ Tahsil / Nearest city with Nearest city with Railway Bus Name of Sr. Police station/ population of one population of five station route town No. Development lakh and more lakh and more Block/ Island HQ.

8 9 10 11 12 2 1

VISHAKAPATTINAM KAKINADA YANAM (0) KAKINADA (26) YES (0) Yanam (M) 1 (185) (26)

75 STATE

Civic and

System of drainage Number of latrines Sr.No. Nil Name of Town Others Service Pit System Open (OD) Road length (in kms.) Closed (CD) Closed (BD) (Water borne) Both -Open & Flush/Pour Flush 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Yanam (M) 46.03 - - BD - 0 28 0 0

*In case this service is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance from the town where facility is available has been given @Two major source only

Abbreviation

TT: Tap water from treated source TK/P/L:Tank/Pond/Lake TU:Tap water from un-treated source O:Others CW: Covered well OHT:Over head Tank UW: Un-covered well SR:Service Reservoir HP:Hand pump RIG:River Infiltration Gallery TW/B:Tubewell /Borehole BWP:Bore Well Pumping system RW:Rainwater PT:Pressure Tank S:Spring N\A,NA,N.A.: Not Avialable

76 MENT - III other Amenities, 2009

Electrification (Number of Protected water supply connections) Fire fighting service* Name of Town Sr.No. Source of supply (Codes) @ System of storage with capacity in kilo litres (along with Codes) @ Domestic Industrial Commercial Road lighting (points) Others 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 1

TT,N/A OHT(3200),N/A(N/A) Yes 7828 166 1300 1820 130 Yanam (M) 1

77 STATE

Medical

No. of Medical facilities* (with number of beds in brackets) Hospitals Dispensaries Health Family Maternity and Sr.No. Name of Town (Allopathic Center Welfare Child Welfare & Others) Center Center 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Yanam (M) 3(100) 5(0) 5(0) 4(0) 4(0)

*If a medical facility is not available in the town,nearest place distance from the town where facility is available has been given

78 MENT IV

Facilities, 2009

No. of Medical facilities* (with number of beds in brackets) Veterinary Medicine Maternity T.B.Hospital/ Nursing Charitable Mobile Others Hospital Shop Name of Town Sr.No. Homes Clinic Homes Hospital/Nu Health etc. (Numbers) (Numbers) rsing Home Clinic 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 1

1(11) 4(0) 0 2 0 0 2(0) 8 Yanam (M) 1

79 STATE

Educational, Recreational and

Number of Educational Facilities*

Sr. No. Name of Town Primary school Middle school Secondry school Senior Secondry school Arts/ Science/ Commerce colleges (of degree level and above) Medical colleges Engineering colleges 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Yanam (M) 22 10 15 4 1 KAKINADA 1

*If an educational facilitiy is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance from the town where facility is available has been given

80 MENT-V

Cultural Facilities, 2009

Number of Educational Facilities*

Name of Town Sr. No. Management Institute/ colleges Polytechnics Recognised Shorthand, Typewriting and vocational training institutions Non-formal Education Center (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Center) Special School for Disabled Others 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 1

1 1 2 KAKINADA (26) KAKINADA (26) 1 Yanam (M) 1

81 STATE

Educational, Recreational and

Number of Social, Recreational and Cultural facilities

Sr. No. Name of Town No. of Home Orphange Working women's hostles (with No. of seats in bracket) No. of Old Age Home Stadium 1 2 16 17 18 19

1 Yanam (M) 1 KAKINADA (26) 1 1

82 MENT-V

Cultural Facilities, 2009

Number of Social, Recreational and Cultural facilities

Name of Town Sr. No. Cinema Theatre Auditorium/ Community halls Public libraries Reading rooms 20 21 22 23 2 1

2 13 3 1 YANAM (M) 1

83 STATE

Industry and

Names of three most important commodities Sr. No. Name of Town 1st 2nd 1 2 3 4

1 Yanam (M) FELDSPAR POWDER CERAMIC TILES

84 MENT - VI

Banking, 2009

manufactured Number of banks Number of agricultural credit societies Number of non- agricultural credit societies Name of Town Sr. No. 3rd Nationalised Bank Private Commercial Bank Co-oprative Bank 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 1

SHRIMP FEED 4 1 1 0 36 Yanam (M) 1

85 STATE

Civic and other

System of drainage Sr.No. Class and name of town Name of the slum Is it notified No. of households (approximate) Population of the Slum (approximate) Paved roads (in kms.) Open Closed Both (Open & Closed) Nil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 II Yanam (M) AmbedhKar Nagar No 30 99 0 - - BD -

2 New Bus Stand No 53 186 0 - - BD -

3 siddarthas Nagar No 29 97 0 - - BD -

4 Dariyalthippa Sitaram Nagar No 30 102 0 - - BD -

5 Mettacur Fishermen Colony No 16 53 1 - - BD -

6 Bheem Nagar No 22 87 0 - - BD -

7 Fishermen Colony, Kanakalapet No 16 48 1 - - BD -

8 Kurusampet Village No 57 192 1 - - BD -

9 Darialathippa No 37 141 1 - - BD -

10 Guerampet No 58 216 1 - - BD -

11 Mettacur Adi Andhraplet No 15 48 1 - - BD -

12 Ganapathi Nagar No 55 187 0 - - BD -

13 Kanakalpeta Jammubadava No 23 88 0 - - BD -

14 Dommetivaripetta No 35 107 0 - - BD -

86 MENT - VII amenities in Slums, 2009

Number of latrines Electricity (Number of connections) Private Community No. of tap points/ public hydtrants installed for supply of protected water Domestic Road lighting (points) Others Name of the slum Sr.No. Pit System Flush/ Pour Flush (Water borne) Service Others 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 1

0 7 0 0 1 326 276 7 0 AmbedhKar Nagar 1

0 6 0 0 1 373 212 16 0 New Bus Stand 2

0 5 0 0 1 340 325 7 0 siddarthas Nagar 3

0 10 0 0 1 340 270 19 0 Dariyalthippa Sitaram Nagar 4

0 2 0 0 1 306 291 6 0 Mettacur Fishermen Colony 5

0 9 0 0 1 292 300 5 0 Bheem Nagar 6

0 0 0 0 0 298 290 5 0 Fishermen Colony, Kanakalapet 7

0 25 0 0 1 342 300 24 0 Kurusampet Village 8

0 7 0 0 1 282 312 15 0 Darialathippa 9

0 33 0 0 1 348 340 50 0 Guerampet 10

0 4 0 0 1 300 285 9 0 Mettacur Adi Andhraplet 11

0 25 0 0 1 306 316 16 0 Ganapathi Nagar 12

0 7 0 0 1 320 315 26 0 Kanakalpeta Jammubadava 13

0 33 0 0 1 291 291 28 0 Dommetivaripetta 14

87 STATE

Civic and other

System of drainage Sr.No. Class and name of town Name of the slum Is it notified No. of households (approximate) Population of the Slum (approximate) Paved roads (in kms.) Open Closed Both (Open & Closed) Nil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

15 Farampeta Fishermenpeta No 32 103 0 - - BD -

16 Farampeta Ayyanar Nagar No 17 49 1 - - BD -

17 Farampet Rajeev Nagar No 18 54 1 - - BD -

18 Farampeta Adi Andhra Peta No 23 88 0 - - BD -

19 Radham Puntha No 18 50 1 - - BD -

20 Agraharam No 58 194 1 - - BD -

21 Kotthapeta No 38 151 1 - - BD -

22 Kanakalpet Adi Andhrapeta No 60 217 1 - - BD -

23 Kanakalpeta Town No 86 347 1 - - BD -

24 Savithiri Nagar No 85 347 1 - - BD -

88 MENT - VII amenities in Slums, 2009

Nu mb er o f la trin es Elec tricity (N u mb er of connections) Priv ate Community No. of tap points/ public hydtrants installed for supply of protected water Domestic Road lighting (points) Others Name of the slum Sr.No. Pit System Flush/ Pour Flush (Water borne) Service Others 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 1

0 4 3 0 0 1 2 5 6 3 5 1 1 9 0 Farampeta Fishermenpeta 1 5

0 1 0 0 0 1 2 6 6 3 1 6 9 0 Farampeta Ayyanar Nagar 1 6

0 4 0 0 1 3 4 2 3 3 0 6 0 Farampet Rajeev Nagar 1 7

0 2 0 0 1 3 3 2 3 7 0 5 6 0 Farampeta Adi Andhra Peta 1 8

0 9 0 0 1 3 3 4 3 8 0 5 0 Radham Puntha 1 9

0 2 0 0 1 3 0 5 2 8 8 2 4 0 A grah aram 2 0

0 9 0 0 1 2 8 5 2 8 0 1 5 0 K o t t h ap et a 2 1

0 0 0 0 1 3 1 4 2 7 0 5 0 0 Kanakalpet Adi Andhrapeta 2 2

0 2 5 0 0 1 3 2 1 3 2 6 2 6 0 Kanakalpeta Town 2 3

0 4 3 0 0 1 2 8 5 2 7 0 2 6 0 Savithiri Nagar 2 4

89 Appendix to Town Directory

Towns showing their Outhgrowth with population

Sl. No. Name of Town with Population of Core Town Name of Outhgrowth Population of Location Code Outhgrowth

1 2 3 4 5

------Nil------

90