Dalhousie Oceanography Research Magazine
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Current Tides Dalhousie Oceanography Research Magazine Volume 3 2017 Currentdal.ca/oceanography Tides Volume 3 1 CurrentCurrent Tides Tides AA Letter FromFrom the the Chair Chair I am pleased, impressed, and honoured to write my second open- All articleAll article photographs/figures photographs/figures were were I am pleased, impressed, and honoured to write my second open- provided by authors unless credited ing to Current Tides during my term as Chair of the Department of ing to Current Tides during my term as Chair of the Department of providedotherwise. by authors unless credited Oceanography. This remarkable initiative was conceived of and is otherwise. Oceanography.produced by our graduateThis remarkable students. initiativeBringing eachwas conceivededition to press of and is Cover: Photo courtesy of Nadine Lehmann producedtakes a combination by our graduate of passion students. and patience; Bringing ambition each editionand atten to- press Cover:Back: Photo Photo courtesy courtesy of ofNadine Markus Lehmann Kienast takestion; humour a combination and hard ofwork. passion The twoand previous patience; editions ambition of Current and atten - Back:Page Photo 42: courtesy Photo courtesy of Markus of Lachlan Kienast Riehl tion;Tides humour set a high and standard hard work.for scholarship The two and previous production editions values, of and Current Page 42: Photo courtesy of Lachlan Riehl Tidesthis third set edition a high rises standard to the for same scholarship heights. and production values, and Editor-in-Chief: Lorenza Raimondi this third edition rises to the same heights. Editor-in-Chief: Lorenza Raimondi Current Tides beautifully documents the ongoing and deep com- Editors: Ricardo Arruda, Danielle Denley, Currentmitment Tidesto interdisciplinary beautifully documentsocean science the that ongoing has motivated and deep the com- Tristan Guest, Jenna Hare, Hansen Johnson, Department since its inception. In this issue, our students present Editors: Ricardo Arruda, Danielle Denley, mitment to interdisciplinary ocean science that has motivated the Anne McKee and Krysten Rutherford research that spans the living world from bacteria to whales and the Tristan Guest, Jenna Hare, Hansen Johnson, Departmentgeographic world since from its inception.the continents In thisto the issue, deep oursea. students Anne dives present Anne FinancialMcKee and Manager: Krysten Lorenza Rutherford Raimondi researchright into thatthe fascinatingspans the livingscience world of the from underwater bacteria tosoundscape, whales and the geographicwhich is so importantworld from to communication,the continents prey to the detection, deep sea. and predaAnne- dives FinancialLayout Manager: and Print Lorenza Design: RaimondiTracey Hachey righttor avoidance into the infascinating the ocean. scienceKevin introduces of the usunderwater to the complexities soundscape, whichof predator-prey is so important interactions to communication, between small organisms,prey detection, followed and by preda - LayoutInfographic and Print Design: Design: www.tandemhalifax.com Tracey Hachey torJonathan, avoidance who in describes the ocean. his Kevinresearch introduces into the importanceus to the complexities of riv- ofers predator-prey for delivery of interactions life-sustaining between nutrients small to our organisms, productive followedcoast- by InfographicTo send Design: letters to www.tandemhalifax.com the editor and/or Jonathan,al waters. whoAlysse describes takes a differenthis research tack byinto exploring the importance how the co -of riv- receive the print publication, email erspious for sediments delivery ofdelivered life-sustaining to the ocean nutrients during to flash our productivefloods, under coast - [email protected] or visit certain circumstances, can be used to reconstruct past episodes To send letters to the editor and/or al waters. Alysse takes a different tack by exploring how the co- www.currenttides.ocean.dal.ca. of flooding on land. Microbes are next. Sebastian explains how receive the print publication, email pioussophisticated sediments measurements delivered toof thenitrogen ocean isotopes during and flash analysis floods, of under [email protected] © 2017 by Dalhousie or visit certainDNA are circumstances, being used to unravel can be how used these to tiny reconstruct but incredibly past abun episodes- www.currenttides.ocean.dal.ca.Oceanography Student Association. ofdant flooding organisms on regulateland. Earth’sMicrobes nitrogen are next. cycles, Sebastian with emphasis explains on how All Rights Reserved. sophisticatedhow low oxygen measurements levels affect theof nitrogenrates and isotopes pathways and of nitrogenanalysis of CopyrightDepartment © 2017 of by Oceanography Dalhousie DNAcycling. are Liuqianbeing used describes to unravel how powerful how these computer tiny but models incredibly today abun - OceanographyDalhousie UniversityStudent Association. dantare blended organisms elegantly regulate with Earth’sincreasingly nitrogen sophisticated cycles, withocean emphasis obser- on All Rights1355 OxfordReserved. Street howvations low to oxygen help us tolevels predict affect the consequences the rates and of humanpathways activities of nitrogen DepartmentHalifax, ofNS, Oceanography CANADA, B3H 4R2 cycling.on the marine Liuqian ecosystems describes of thehow Gulf powerful of Mexico. computer Francisco’s models re -today Dalhousie University aresearch blended centres elegantly on coastal with sediments, increasingly which sophisticated in many ways ocean serve obser - the same purpose as compost piles on land, breaking down dead vations to help us to predict the consequences of human activities 1355 Oxford Street and decaying material so it can support future productivity. Jacoba Halifax, NS, CANADA, B3H 4R2 ontakes the us marine north toecosystems the Arctic, where of the she Gulf participated of Mexico. in a Francisco’smulti-year re- searcheffort to centres improve on understanding coastal sediments, of the fate which of atmospheric in many wayscarbon serve thedioxide same as purposeit interacts as with compost the ocean piles at the on topland, of ourbreaking planet. downFinal- dead andly, Danielle decaying guides material us through so it canthe verysupport timely future science productivity. of food sup Jacoba- takesply and us acquisition north to thefor Arctic,endangered where North she Atlantic participated Right Whalesin a multi-year in effortNova Scotian to improve waters. understanding of the fate of atmospheric carbon dioxide as it interacts with the ocean at the top of our planet. Final- ly,Hats Danielle off to guidesEditor-in-Chief us through Lorenza the Raimondi,very timely as sciencewell as to of the food ed- sup- plyitorial and staff acquisition and the printfor endangered and graphic Northdesigners, Atlantic for producing Right Whales this in edition of Current Tides. Your efforts will help to spread the word Nova Scotian waters. about the wonder and importance of ocean discovery. Bravo Zulu! Hats off to Editor-in-Chief Lorenza Raimondi, as wellPaul as toHill the ed- itorial staff and the printChair and of graphicthe Department designers, of Oceanography for producing this edition of Current Tides. Your efforts will help to spread the word about the wonder and importance of ocean discovery. Bravo Zulu! 2 Paul Hill Chair of the Department of Oceanography 2 ContentsContents LetLet the the Bay Bay Have Have its its SaySay A harmoniousA harmonious perspective perspective on on underwater underwater sounds at at a a 44plannedplanned in-stream in-stream tidal tidal energy energy site site Risky Business RiskyPlankton Business movement and encounter rates 88Plankton movement and encounter rates What Does a River Deliver? WhatEstimating Does the global a River delivery ofDeliver? nutrients from rivers to the 12Estimatingopen ocean the global delivery of nutrients from rivers to the 12 open ocean A Flash(Flood) in Time The fate of flashflood deposits on the shallow shelf 16A Flash(Flood)in the Gulf of Eilat-Aqaba, in Time Red Sea The fate of flashflood deposits on the shallow shelf 16 in the Gulf of Eilat-Aqaba, Red Sea Tracking the Work of the Ocean’s Gardeners Stable isotopes reveal microbial nitrogen transformations 20Tracking the Work of the Ocean’s Gardeners Stable isotopes reveal microbial nitrogen transformations 20 From Dead Zones to Oil Spills Understanding human impacts in the Gulf of Mexico with numerical models and 24Fromdata assimilationDead Zones to Oil Spills Understanding human impacts in the Gulf of Mexico with numerical models and 24 dataPlaying assimilation with Mud 28 Investigating the ecological value of coastal sediments Playing with Mud Investigating the ecological value of coastal sediments 28 Heading North: Following Carbon Dioxide to 32 the Canadian Arctic Investigating how upwelling alters the cycling of carbon in a changing climate Heading North: Following Carbon Dioxide to theBuffet Canadian or Drive-Thru? Arctic 32 Searching for potential right whale feeding grounds on the Scotian Shelf 36Investigating how upwelling alters the cycling of carbon in a changing climate BuffetWhere or AreDrive-Thru? They Now? 3640SearchingNews from for pastpotential Authors right whale feeding grounds on the Scotian Shelf Where Are They Now? Current Tides Volume 3 3 40 News from past Authors Current Tides Volume 3 3 Let the Bay Have its Say A harmonious perspective on underwater sounds at a planned in-stream tidal energy site Anne Lombardi _________________________________________________________________________________________