An Example with Carotenoid Diversification in Birds

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Example with Carotenoid Diversification in Birds Exploring the Deterministic Landscape of Evolution: An Example with Carotenoid Diversification in Birds Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Morrison, Erin Seidler Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 02/10/2021 06:24:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624290 EXPLORING THE DETERMINISTIC LANDSCAPE OF EVOLUTION: AN EXAMPLE WITH CAROTENOID DIVERSIFICATION IN BIRDS by Erin Seidler Morrison __________________________ Copyright © Erin Seidler Morrison 2017 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Erin Morrison, entitled EXPLORING THE DETERMINISTIC LANDSCAPE OF EVOLUTION: AN EXAMPLE WITH CAROTENOID DIVERSIFICATION IN BIRDS and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2017 Alexander Badyaev _______________________________________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2017 Renée Duckworth _______________________________________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2017 Michael Sanderson _______________________________________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2017 Sergey Gavrilets Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: February 21, 2017 Dissertation Director: Alexander Badyaev 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Erin Seidler Morrison 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank Alex Badyaev, without whom this dissertation would not have been possible. It is thanks to Alex that I have learned how to independently think and question the world around me. While I know it has been challenging, I sincerely appreciate that he did not give up on me at a time when I almost gave up on myself. With his support I took on a project that perhaps was more ambitious than I bargained for, but Alex patiently helped through needlessly complicated measures and half-baked hypotheses, and did not charge me too much for repeated grammatical errors. Alex has taught me how to be a scientist and a teacher, and how to both appreciate and criticize the science we do. I will always be grateful that he took a chance on me and for his continued mentorship and support. There are a number of people who have provided much needed support, discussion, and opinions on the work presented here, and throughout my graduate school career. I appreciate the expertise, unique perspectives, and encouragement provided by the members of my committee: Renée Duckworth, Michael Sanderson, and Sergey Gavrilets. Their insightful questions and advice along the way gave me opportunities to think about my work from different perspectives, and I have learned so much from having the opportunity to interact with them. I cannot express how appreciative I am for all of the help I have received from past and current members of my lab group: Stepfanie Aguillon, Samantha Anderson, Virginia Belloni, Katie Chenard, Christopher Gurguis, Kelly Hallinger, Dawn Higginson, Ellen Ouellette, Jared Padway, Ahvi Potticary, and Georgy Semenov. They have sat through countless lab meetings on my work and their suggestions, advice, creativity, humor and patience were always welcome. I particularly want to thank Dawn Higginson, she continues to listen to me and give advice no matter how busy she is, and I have learned a tremendous amount from her. Almost all of the data collected for these studies would not have been possible without the help of a small army of people. I would like to thank Emmet Andrews, Virginia Belloni, Matt Coope, Courtney Christie, Caitlin Davey, Sarah Davis, Rachael Delaney, Victoria Farrar, Lauren Harris, Kelly King, Xander Posner, Jordan Veal, and Adam Welu for their tireless work. It has been so exciting to watch those who came in as undergraduates develop as scientists in their own right, and their enthusiasm for research was always the best part of my day. I would also like to thank Renée Duckworth for patiently helping me with HPLC. I appreciate the support of the EEB administrative staff for their help throughout the years. Funding for the research presented here was provided in part by grants from the National Science Foundation and the Packard Foundation to Alex Badyaev. I was also supported by fellowships from Amherst College and the University of Arizona Galileo Circle. I want to thank those who adopted me into their families and made sure that I always had someone to eat, swim, run, ride, and watch movies and TV with, and it is entirely thanks to all of them that the desert has become home: Sam Anderson, Sarah Baillie, Erin Dombrady, Cole Eskridge, Tim Gendler, Judy Helfand, Dennis Helfand, Dawn Higginson, Bridget Keene, Charlie Keene, Evan Keleman, Gavin Leighton, Janet Levine, Josh Levine, Kristen Metzger, Ellen Ouellette, and Ahvi Potticary. I cannot express the gratitude I owe to my family, Wendy, Rob and Kasey Morrison. While they still may not understand what it is that I do, they have been supportive in every decision I have made and they always let Ted get in his two cents. I also appreciate Stephen Selzer for his support. Lastly, I want to thank my grandmother, Violet Selzer, who told me every Monday night for the first five and a half years of graduate school that she was sure I would do great and that her opinion was definitely impartial. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………….6 I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………8 II. PRESENT STUDY…………………………………………………………………………...13 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..18 APPENDIX A. STRUCTURING EVOLUTION: BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS AND METABOLIC DIVERSIFICATION IN BIRDS………………………………………...21 APPENDIX B. THE LANDSCAPE OF EVOLUTION: RECONCILING STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF METABOLIC NETWORKS IN ADAPTIVE DIVERSIFICATIONS…………………………………………………………………...56 APPENDIX C. BEYOND NETWORK TOPOLOGY: COEVOLUTION OF STRUCTURE AND FLUX IN METABOLIC NETWORKS…………………………………………...70 APPENDIX D. RETENTION AND RECOMBINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL MODULES IN THE EVOLUTION OF AVIAN CAROTENOID METABOLISM………………..108 6 ABSTRACT Establishing metrics of diversification can calibrate the observed scope of diversity within a lineage and the potential for further phenotypic diversification. There are two potential ways to calibrate differences between phenotypes. The first metric is based on the structure of the network of direct and indirect connections between elements, such as the genes, proteins, enzymes and metabolites that underlie a phenotype. The second metric characterizes the dynamic properties that determine the strength of the interactions among elements, and influence which elements are the most likely to interact. Determining how the connectivity and strength of interactions between elements lead to specific phenotypic variations provides insight into the tempo and mode of observed evolutionary changes. In this dissertation, I proposed and tested hypotheses for how the structure and metabolic flux of a biochemical network delineate patterns of phenotypic variation. I first examined the role of structural properties in shaping observed patterns of carotenoid diversification in avian plumage. I found that the diversification of species-specific carotenoid networks was predictable from the connectivity of the underlying metabolic network. The compounds with the most enzymatic reactions, that were part of the greatest number of distinct pathways, were more conserved across species’ networks than compounds associated with the fewest enzymatic reactions. These results established that compounds with the greatest connectivity act as hotspots for the diversification of pathways between species. Next, I investigated how dynamic properties of biochemical networks influence patterns of phenotypic variation in the concentration and occurrence of compounds. Specifically, I examined if the rate of compound
Recommended publications
  • MADAGASCAR: the Wonders of the “8Th Continent” a Tropical Birding Custom Trip
    MADAGASCAR: The Wonders of the “8th Continent” A Tropical Birding Custom Trip October 20—November 6, 2016 Guide: Ken Behrens All photos taken during this trip by Ken Behrens Annotated bird list by Jerry Connolly TOUR SUMMARY Madagascar has long been a core destination for Tropical Birding, and with the opening of a satellite office in the country several years ago, we further solidified our expertise in the “Eighth Continent.” This custom trip followed an itinerary similar to that of our main set-departure tour. Although this trip had a definite bird bias, it was really a general natural history tour. We took our time in observing and photographing whatever we could find, from lemurs to chameleons to bizarre invertebrates. Madagascar is rich in wonderful birds, and we enjoyed these to the fullest. But its mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects are just as wondrous and accessible, and a trip that ignored them would be sorely missing out. We also took time to enjoy the cultural riches of Madagascar, the small villages full of smiling children, the zebu carts which seem straight out of the Middle Ages, and the ingeniously engineered rice paddies. If you want to come to Madagascar and see it all… come with Tropical Birding! Madagascar is well known to pose some logistical challenges, especially in the form of the national airline Air Madagascar, but we enjoyed perfectly smooth sailing on this tour. We stayed in the most comfortable hotels available at each stop on the itinerary, including some that have just recently opened, and savored some remarkably good food, which many people rank as the best Madagascar Custom Tour October 20-November 6, 2016 they have ever had on any birding tour.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Multilocus Phylogeny of the Neotropical Cotingas
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81 (2014) 120–136 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Neotropical cotingas (Cotingidae, Aves) with a comparative evolutionary analysis of breeding system and plumage dimorphism and a revised phylogenetic classification ⇑ Jacob S. Berv 1, Richard O. Prum Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06520, USA article info abstract Article history: The Neotropical cotingas (Cotingidae: Aves) are a group of passerine birds that are characterized by Received 18 April 2014 extreme diversity in morphology, ecology, breeding system, and behavior. Here, we present a compre- Revised 24 July 2014 hensive phylogeny of the Neotropical cotingas based on six nuclear and mitochondrial loci (7500 bp) Accepted 6 September 2014 for a sample of 61 cotinga species in all 25 genera, and 22 species of suboscine outgroups. Our taxon sam- Available online 16 September 2014 ple more than doubles the number of cotinga species studied in previous analyses, and allows us to test the monophyly of the cotingas as well as their intrageneric relationships with high resolution. We ana- Keywords: lyze our genetic data using a Bayesian species tree method, and concatenated Bayesian and maximum Phylogenetics likelihood methods, and present a highly supported phylogenetic hypothesis. We confirm the monophyly Bayesian inference Species-tree of the cotingas, and present the first phylogenetic evidence for the relationships of Phibalura flavirostris as Sexual selection the sister group to Ampelion and Doliornis, and the paraphyly of Lipaugus with respect to Tijuca.
    [Show full text]
  • Madagascar Highlights I 11 Th to 25 Th July 2011 (15 Days)
    Madagascar Highlights I 11 th to 25 th July 2011 (15 days) Trip Report Trip report compiled by tour leader: Rainer Summers Tour Summary Sometimes referred to as the “laboratory of evolution”, Madagascar, the huge Indian Ocean island situated 500km off the coast of east Africa, has long attracted the attention of naturalists and travelling birders alike. Our winter tour, although a departure from the standard summer tours to the “Red Isle”, was very successful, and we managed to see a fantastic proportion of the amazing creatures that call Madagascar home. Trip Report RBT Madagascar Highlights I 2011 2 We began our first day with a visit to the Tsimbazaza Zoo, where despite the overcast weather we managed to find Eleonora’s Falcon, Mascarene Martin and the first of many Madagascar Buzzards, while our afternoon at Lake Alarobia proved to be most enjoyable, with large numbers of waterfowl including Knob-billed Duck and Red-billed Teal, Black and Dimorphic Egret, Malagasy Kingfisher and Madagascar Swamp Warbler, before enjoying a sumptuous dinner at our comfortable accommodations. The eastern rainforests of Madagascar harbour a rich assemblage of sought-after mammals and birds, and for this reason the forested zone in the vicinity of Perinet village formed the basis of our explorations for four days. Our time was divided between visits to the reserve at Perinet and the more distant Mantadia National Park, both offering good rainforest birding. Despite the less than optimal weather during our time in Perinet- Mantadia, our hard work and time in the field paid off, and we were rewarded with a mouth-watering selection of eastern rainforest endemics.
    [Show full text]
  • Ki to Press Ltd
    I 1 I Fl 1 I I [4 II . .4J»nwwuhwwh*iu»%w-an v.A»ll\»nn.wa n.vs.»-hh!.d¢ql'hni.l: 5% 4 0606444619//200] THE HAD SWAMP ss©<n@w I/oé ZN A/O12 Largnnnrunlunn.n.mluur .eeuussn ii KITE FLIGHT 8 The magazine has taken off with this issue. After grumbling for years about the EE limitations of photocopied illustrations the Committee took heart from the support given by members at this year's AGM and arranged for a commercial printer to do the job. Our thanks go to David Cox for making contact with Kite Press Limited of Swindon - and to several other members who also contacted printers. As far as we can see at present, ' although commercial printing is more expensive than our previous photocopying arrangements, the Society can afford it without raising subscriptions. Since our hardworking Secretary gave notice at the AGM that he wouldn't be able to .. offer the photocopying facility for much longer we were bound to look around for other Fe production sources anyway. Regretfully, we cannot see our way to producing even a few pages in colour. As I write this editorial I have not seen how the full printed magazine looks but, judging from some sample pages that were printed from last September's issue, I expect the quality to be at least as good as the masters I provide, avoiding the degradation that volume photocopying produces. That said, the best of printers can't work miracles so the onus is on your Editor to produce high quality masters.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
    In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of San Juan Mixtepec, District of Miahuatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
    Cotinga 16 Birds of San Juan M ixtepec, district of Miahuatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico Eugene S. Hunn, Donato Acuca Vásquez and Patricia Escalante Cotinga 16 (2001): 14–26 Se reporta la situación de 188 especies de aves observadas (o reportadas por gente del lugar en cinco casos) en los municipios de San Juan y San Pedro Mixtepec, distrito de Miahuatlán, Oaxaca, México, de julio de 1996 a marzo del 2000, en 235 días de trabajo de campo durante 57 visitas. Las observaciones fueron hechas por los autores bajo una investigación etnobiológica conducida por ESH. El área comprende cerca de 57 km2 del lado norte de la Sierra de Miahuatlán, entre los 1.630 y 3705 msnm. Sus hábitats, en orden de altitud, son: bosque subtropical caducifolio y matorral subtropical, bosque de galería, matorral de encino o chaparral, cultivos y pastizales, encinares, bosque de pino-encino seco, bosque de pino-abeto húmedo y bosques de Pinus ruáis de altura. De nuestros reportes lo más notable es el registro de la sita enana Sitta pygmaea que aparentemente es un residente permanente del área, y cuatro primeros registros para la Sierra Madre del Sur de Oaxaca, los tres primeros son los registros más meridionales para las especies en cuestión, para el tecolote enano Micrathene whitneyi, el reyezuelo de oro Regulus satrapa, el picogrueso norteño Coccothraustes vespertinus y el picogrueso encapuchado C. abeillei. Introduction as it contains an extensive ‘island’ of pine forest We summarise the status of 188 species of birds above 3400 m, isolated by at least 300 km from simi­ observed (or reported by local residents in five cases) lar high terrain both in both Mexico’s Central in or near the municipio of San Juan Mixtepec (in­ Volcanic Axis and on the Chiapas-Guatemala bor­ cluding portions of adjacent San Pedro Mixtepec), der.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2005/2006
    TheNotes Cactus & Announcements Wren•dition Volume LIII, No. 4 Winter 2005/2006 Pine Siskin on thistle Maricopa Audubon Meetings & Programs Oct. 2005 – May 2006 Cynthia Donald Please join us for a terrific year Meetings start at 7:30 p.m., and is no charge to attend our general of speakers with a wide range of feature a general membership membership meetings, the Annual topics – the Arizona Breeding Bird meeting, guest speaker, book sales, Banquet does require a dinner Atlas, mining of Oak Flat, Grand refreshments and a chance to reservation and associated cost. Canyon protection, Bald Eagles, Bird socialize with MAS members. Visitors Coloration, Avian Communication and are most welcome! Our September A pre-meeting dinner at Pete’s 19th Hummingbirds. through April meetings are held in Tee Restaurant, 1405 N. Mill Avenue Dorrance Hall at the Desert Botanical in Tempe (at the Rolling Hills Golf Meetings are held on the 1st Tuesday Garden. The Garden is located Course), will be in effect for the events & programs of each month, September through at 1201 North Galvin Parkway in September through April meetings. May. Our May meeting is our Phoenix, which is approximately Come and join us at 6:00 p.m. for Annual Banquet with a location to be ½ mile north of the Phoenix Zoo. a delicious meal (no-host), meet announced. Please check our web Dorrance Hall is located off the our guest speaker and say “howdy” site or newsletter for the location of main parking lot and entry to the to other birders. Meals at Pete’s the May 2006 banquet.
    [Show full text]
  • Lhasa and the Tibetan Plateau Cumulative
    Lhasa and the Tibetan Plateau Cumulative Bird List Column A: Total number of tours (out of 6) that the species was recorded Column B: Total number of days that the species was recorded on the 2016 tour Column C: Maximum daily count for that particular species on the 2016 tour Column D: H = Heard Only; (H) = Heard more than seen Globally threatened species as defined by BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-Rom Cambridge, U.K. BirdLife International are identified as follows: EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT = Near- threatened. A B C D 6 Greylag Goose 2 15 Anser anser 6 Bar-headed Goose 4 300 Anser indicus 3 Whooper Swan 1 2 Cygnus cygnus 1 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 6 Ruddy Shelduck 8 700 Tadorna ferruginea 3 Gadwall 2 3 Anas strepera 1 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 5 Mallard 2 8 Anas platyrhynchos 2 Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha 1 Indian or Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhynchos or A. zonorhyncha 1 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 1 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 1 Garganey 2 15 Anas querquedula 4 Eurasian Teal 2 50 Anas crecca 6 Red-crested Pochard 3 2000 Netta rufina 6 Common Pochard 2 200 Aythya ferina 3 Ferruginous Duck NT 1 8 Aythya nyroca 6 Tufted Duck 2 200 Aythya fuligula 5 Common Goldeneye 2 11 Bucephala clangula 4 Common Merganser 3 51 Mergus merganser 5 Chinese Grouse NT 2 1 Tetrastes sewerzowi 4 Verreaux's Monal-Partridge 1 1 H Tetraophasis obscurus 5 Tibetan Snowcock 1 5 H Tetraogallus tibetanus 4 Przevalski's Partridge 1 1 Alectoris magna 1 Daurian Partridge Perdix dauurica 6 Tibetan Partridge 2 11 Perdix hodgsoniae ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Diversidad Aves BVPCP
    UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS “TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN ESPECIAL” PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DEL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE BIORRECURSOS Y MEDIO AMBIENTE “ANÁLISIS PARCIAL DE LA DIVERSIDAD DE AVES EN EL BOSQUE Y VEGETACIÓN PROTECTORA CERRO EL PARAÍSO” AUTOR: WENDY KATIUSKA ESPINOZA BARROSO TUTOR: TELMO ARIEL ESCOBAR TROYA GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR SEPTIEMBRE 2016 CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL DE SUSTENTACIÓN MSc. César Borja Bernal PRESIDENTE DEL TRIBUNAL MSc. María Arroyo Osorio MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL MSc. Rocío Castillo Castro MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL MSc. Telmo Escobar DIRECTOR DE MAESTRÍA Dra. Carmita Bonifaz de Elao DECANA i CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TUTOR En mi calidad de tutor del estudiante Wendy Espinoza Barroso, del Programa de Maestría en Ciencias, nombrado por el Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, CERTIFICO: que el Trabajo de Titulación Especial titulado ANÁLISIS PARCIAL DE LA DIVERSIDAD DE AVES EN EL BOSQUE Y VEGETACIÓN PROTECTORA CERRO EL PARAISO, en opción al grado académico de Magíster en Manejo Sustentable de Biorrecursos y Medio Ambiente, cumple con los requisitos académicos, científicos y formales que establece el Reglamento aprobado para tal efecto. Atentamente MSc. Telmo Escobar Troya TUTOR Guayaquil, Septiembre de 2016 ii DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a mi familia, especialmente a mi madre por su apoyo incondicional. iii AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco al físico Lou Just (Fundación Ecominga), al Lcdo. Orlando Carrión (Fundación Andrade), al Blgo. Fernando Félix, a la Blga. Nancy Hilgert,
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Journal of Caribbean Ornithology RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 33:1–14. 2020 Composition of bird community in Portachuelo Pass (Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela) Cristina Sainz-Borgo Jhonathan Miranda Miguel Lentino Photo: Pedro Arturo Amaro Journal of Caribbean Ornithology jco.birdscaribbean.org ISSN 1544-4953 RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 33:1–14. 2020 birdscaribbean.org Composition of bird community in Portachuelo Pass (Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela) Cristina Sainz-Borgo1, Jhonathan Miranda2, and Miguel Lentino3 Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the composition of the bird community in Portachuelo Pass, located in Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela. Portachuelo Pass is an important route for migratory birds between northern South America and the Southern Cone. During 11 months of sampling between 2010 and 2012, we captured 1,460 birds belonging to 125 identified species, 29 families, and 9 orders. The families with the highest relative abundance and species richness were Trochilidae and Thraupidae and the most common species were the Violet-chested Hummingbird (Sternoclyta cyanopectus), Olive-striped Flycatcher (Mionectes olivaceus), Plain-brown Woodcreeper (Dendrocincla fuliginosa), Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster), Violet-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa leadbeateri), Vaux’s Swift (Chaetura vauxi), Red-eared Parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis), Golden-tailed Sapphire (Chrysuronia oenone), Black-hooded Thrush (Turdus olivater), and Gray-rumped Swift (Chaetura cinereiventris). These species represented 52.4% of total captures and 8.0% of identified species. We captured 5 endemic species and 8 migratory species. The months of greatest relative abundance and species richness were June and July 2010 and January 2011. Birds captured belonged to the following feeding guilds: insectivorous, nectarivorous-insectivorous, frugivorous, frugivorous-insectivorous, granivorous, frugivorous-folivorous, omnivorous, carnivorous, and frugivorous-graniv- orous.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal
    Open Journal of Forestry 2013. Vol.3, No.4, 109-114 Published Online October 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojf) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2013.34018 Birds of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal Saroj Panthi1*, Sher Singh Thagunna2 1Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Baglung, Nepal 2Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation, Api-Nampa Conservation Area, Darchula, Nepal Email: *[email protected] Received June 18th, 2013; revised July 22nd, 2013; accepted August 7th, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Saroj Panthi, Sher Singh Thagunna. This is an open access article distributed under the Crea- tive Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any me- dium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nepal is rich in bird diversity and recorded 871 bird species. Our study aimed to update bird diversity of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) of Nepal which is an Important Birds Area (IBA) out of 27 IBAs of Nepal. One hundred forty nine species of birds were recorded in DHR; out of them Catreus wallichii was globally threatened bird which has faced different anthropogenic problem. Twelve species of birds were included in CITIES Appendices and 3 species were nationally threatened. Most of the species of order Passeriformis were recorded. Only one species of order Upupiformes i.e. Upupa epops was recorded dur- ing the study. Keywords: Bird; Checklist; Threatened; Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Introduction Myadgi districts of Nepal (Figure 1). The reserve supports 14 ecosystems types represented in the mid hill to higher Himala- Birds (class Aves) are feathered, winged, bipedal, endother- yan ecosystem (Shrestha et al., 2002; Lillesø et al., 2005; Bhuju mic, egg-laying, vertebrate animals (Wikipedia, 2013).
    [Show full text]