Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2021), 8(2): 95-103 Received: September 15, 2020 © 2021 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: April 27, 2021 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v8i2.543 http://www.ijichthyol.org

Research Article

Reproduction of Sefidrud stone , bergianus (: ) in Kordan River of Namak basin, Iran

Yazdan KEIVANY*, Mohammad Reza KAMALOO

Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. *Email: [email protected] Abstract: The Sefidrud /Berg loach, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus, is native to the Eurasia and little is known about this . Some biological characteristics of the species were examined in 358 specimens collected monthly from the Kordan River in Alborz Province, by dip and seine nets during September 2013 to August 2014. The total length range was 32.36-74.36mm (50.95±10.3SD), and the total weight range was 0.31-4.06g (1/12±0.68SD). The maximum age of the specimens, based on otoliths, was 5+ years for females and 4+ years for males. Based on macroscopic gonad observation, the age of maturity was 2+ for females and 1+ for males. Sex ratio was 1M:0.9F and maturation cycle consisted of five stages. The gonadosomatic index indicated that reproduction of the in the river system occurred between March and June, with the highest average value of 9.47 for males in April and 13.42 for females in May. Oocyte diameter ranged from 0.15 to 1.33mm, with a mean value of 0.44mm. Absolute fecundity ranged between 360 and 2560 eggs, with a mean of 1130±670 eggs. Absolute fecundity and total length (r2= 0.58) and total weight (r2= 0.66) were moderately correlated. The mean relative fecundity was 580±190 eggs per gram of body weight. Therefore, O. bergianus is a species with a premature sexual maturity, high fecundity than that of other and reproduction happen gradually in March to June. Keywords: Gonadosomatic index, Nemacheilidae, Oocyte diameter, Reproductive biology. Citation: Keivany, Y. & Kamaloo, M.R. 2021. Reproduction of Sefidrud stone loach, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) in Kordan River of Namak basin, Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 8(2): 95-103.

Introduction endemic widespread member of the nemacheilids The loaches are small inhabiting lotic reported from Caspian Sea, Urmia and Namak lake freshwaters from turbulent mountain streams to basins (Esmaeili et al. 2014; Keivany et al. 2016; lowland rivers and are the second dominant taxa in Esmaeili et al. 2017). Tabatabaei et al. (2013), the freshwater fishes of Iran. However, there is little Kamaloo & Keivany (2014), Zamani-Faradonbe et information on their biology in Iran (Tabiee & al. (2015) and Jamali et al. (2015) have provided Abdoli 2005; Esmaeili & Ebrahimi 2006; some information on the biology of O. bergianus, Heydarnejad 2009; Keivany et al. 2016). The loaches but, in general, very little is known about its are found throughout Iran, including Caspian Sea, distribution and biology. Detailed description of its Tigris, Kor and Bushehr river basins (Keivany et al. life history has not been given in the literature. Thus, 2016; Esmaeili et al. 2017, 2018; Keivany & providing information on the basic biological Esmaeili 2019; Coad 2021). Recently, six genera parameters of this loach species is fundamental for including Sasanidus, Oxynoemacheilus, , understanding its life history patterns and , Turcinemacheilus and implementing effective management. Hence, the aim with more than 45 species has been reported, many of this study was to examine and describe the of them being endemic. Sefidrud stone loach, reproductive biology of O. bergianus population Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derzhavin, 1934) is an inhabiting Kordan River in Namak basin of Iran.

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Materials and Methods Table 1. Variation in some environmental factors of Kordan Kordan River, a tributary of Shur River in Namak River water.

Factor Mean±SD Range lake basin is located approximately 20km northwest of the city of Karaj, Alborz Province. Monthly Water temperature (˚C) 13.5±6.9 2.5-22.1 pH 8.5±0.2 8.1-8.7 samples were collected from September 2013 to EC (µs cm-1) 534±42 447-592 August 2014 by fine seine and dip nets (1mm mesh TDS (mg L-1) 268±19 225-296 size). Some environmental factors including water temperature, pH, conductivity (EC) and total under a microscope with an ocular micrometer. dissolved solids (TDS) of water were measured and Comparisons of GSI during the year, ova diameter recorded by a HANNA water quality measuring and fecundity in different ages were carried out by instrument model HI98129. Fish samples were one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall sex anesthetized in 1% clove oil, fixed in 10% buffered ratio was assessed using the Chi-square test. All the formalin and transported to the laboratory for further comparisons were performed at 95% confidence examination. In the laboratory, fork length (FL) was level using SPSS.20 and Excel 2016 software. measured to the nearest 0.1mm and total weight and Results gonads weight were measured to the nearest 0.0001g. For the age determination, sagittal otoliths were The mean values±SD and range for water taken out and age reading was carried out through temperature, pH, conductivity (EC) and total microscopic examination of annuli by three people dissolved substances (TDS) are indicated in Table 1. and coincided readings were recorded to validate the Amongst the 358 fish examined, 179 (50%) were ageing (Biswas 1993). males, 167(47%) females and 12 (3%) undetermined. The spawning period was determined by The total length in males ranged from 3.62 to 7.04 identifying monthly changes in the gonadosomatic (5.13±0.92SD) cm and weight ranged from 0.32– index (GSI). The GSI was calculated using the 2.41 (0.56±1.07) g. In females, the total length following equation (Biswas 1993). ranged from 3.65 to 7.44 (5.17±1.04) cm and GSI= (gonad weight/fish weight) × 100 weighed 0.32-4.06 (1.23±0.77) g. The majority of For studying the ovary stages, Brown-Peterson et fish were in the range of 4.10-5.00 cm and 3 years old al. (2011) was followed. For the estimation of for both males and females (Table 2). The maximum absolute and relative fecundities, the ovaries of ripe age of the specimens, based on otolith readings, was + + females at maturity stage III were used. Ovaries were 4 years for males and 5 years for females. The removed, weighed and then placed in Gilsonʹs fluid overall sex ratio was 1M:0.9F which was not for two days to harden eggs and dissolve ovarian significantly different from the 1:1 ratio (P>0.05) membranes. Absolute fecundity was estimated using (Table 3). The smallest mature male was 3.62 cm and the gravimetric method as follows (Wootton 1990): the smallest mature female was 3.64 cm in total F= Gonad weight × Egg number in the length (Table 2). The age at first maturity for males subsample/Subsample weight was 1 year and for females was 2 years. The relative fecundity (Bagenal & Tesch 1978) The average gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males was calculated as: and females was achieved as 9.47 and 13.42, Relative fecundity= absolute fecundity ⁄ total weight respectively, which were significantly different from Mean egg diameter was examined by measuring each other (P<0.05). The highest GSI value was 100-200 eggs (oocytes from anterior, middle and observed in March and April, for both males and posterior parts of each ovary) each month. females. The spawning season for O. bergianus in Measurements were made to the nearest 0.01mm Kordan River, based on the GSI values, seasonal 96 Keivany & Kamaloo - Reproduction of Sefidrud stone loach

Table 2. Number of sexually mature males and females Oxynoemacheilus bergianus of different length groups and their ratios.

Length Age n Total Immature M:F class (cm) (Years) Male Female 3.01–4.00 0-2 55 22 21 12 1:1.0 4.01–5.00 2-3 128 67 61 0 1:0.9 5.01–6.00 3 90 48 42 0 1:0.8 6.01–7.00 3-4 75 41 34 0 1:0.8 7.01–8.00 5 9 1 8 0 1:8.0

(1130±670) and relative fecundity was 580±180. Percent of males and females in different stages of maturity in different months is shown in Figure 2. Based on that, in April and May, all the males and females are in the spawning stage. The relationship between absolute fecundity and total length (AF=483.81TL-1640, r²=0.58), body weight (AF= 540.107BW-53.70, r²=0.66) and (AF=526.79A– 763.64, r²=0.51) are shown in Figure 3.

Discussion This is the first study on the reproductive biology of O. bergianus in Namak basin and also in its distribution range, so it is rather difficult to discuss the biology of the species. The sample size indicates the low frequency of the species in the river, an indication that the species might be at risk because of ecological threats. Although there are some biological data for some nemacheilid species in Iran, there is none for some others (Jamali et al. 2015). Compared to some other species, O. bergianus has one of the smallest sizes (total length and weight), not Fig.1. Female (Top) and Male (bottom) GSI variations in Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in Kordan River. exceeding 87mm and 5.84g (Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2015). Unlike Sefidrud population, females exhibit a development of the ovary and direct observation of much wider range in length and a higher maximum the gonads, was determined to commence in March length than males. Variation in mean size (length and and end in June (15-20°C) (Fig. 1). weight) of the population of a species could be Oocyte diameters ranged from 0.15 to 1.33mm, explained on the basis of the different exploitation with a mean value of 0.44±0.20 (SD). The mean egg patterns and/or ecological conditions. In this sense, diameter reached its maximum size in May as while the loach is not subject to commercial 0.90±0.27mm, while its minimum size was measured exploitation, variations in the environmental in August as 0.27±0.10mm (P<0.05) (Table 4). conditions of the area seem to be the main factors The absolute fecundity ranged from 360-2560 affecting the loach populations. The maximum age of

97 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2021), 8(2): 95-103

Table 3. Number of sexes of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in different months in Kordan River in 2013-2014.

Months Males Females χ2 P September 15 14 1:0.9 0.34 0.853 October 12 18 1:1.5 1.20 0.273 November 18 12 1:0.7 1.20 0.273 December 14 13 1:0.9 0.04 0.847 January 16 10 1:0.6 1.39 0.239 February 19 11 1:0.6 2.13 0.144 March 12 14 1:1.2 0.15 0.695 April 16 13 1:0.8 0.31 0.577 May 13 21 1:1.6 1.88 0.170 June 11 11 1:1.0 0.00 1.000 July 16 16 1:1.0 0.00 1.000 August 17 14 1:0.8 0.29 0.590 Total 179 167 1:0.9 0.416 0.519

Fig.2. Percent of males (top) and females (bottom) in different stages of maturity in different months for Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in Kordan River.

O. bergianus was higher than that observed by Jamali Sex ratio in O. bergianus was 1M:0.9F as in Aras et al. (2015), but less than that observed by Patimar population (Jamali et al. 2015). In O. kiabi (Abbasi et et al. (2009, 2010) in Paracobitis malapterura and al. 2013), this ratio was in favor of females, but in Paraschistura kessleri (4+ years for P. malapterura Paracobitis malapterura it was in favor of males in Zarrin-Gol River (now P. hircanica) and (Tabiee & Abdoli 2005). Sex ratio varies P. kessleri in Zanglanlou River). considerably from species to species; but in the

98 Keivany & Kamaloo - Reproduction of Sefidrud stone loach

also different from other species of Nemacheilidae, e.g., Paracobitis malapterura (Patimar et al. 2009), barbatula (Vinyoles et al. 2010), Paracobitis iranica (Marmaei et al. 2013) and Metaschistura cristata (Patimar et al. 2011). However, in younger age classes, males were dominant and in older age classes, females were dominant. In May, females were dominant as seen in B. barbatula (Vinyoles et al. 2010). The GSI in males and females was coincided, increasing the reproduction success (Bromage et al. 1992), however, it was lower in males, probably due to less energy investment by males. From the variation and maximum recorded GSI values, it is evident that the reproductive season is in April and May as reported by Patimar et al. (2009) for P. malapterura, Patimar et al. (2011) for M. cristata and Jamali et al. (2014) for T. hafezi. Based on Brown-Peterson et al. (2011) which is generally used (e.g., Abaszadeh et al. 2013; Hamzeh et al. 2017; Keivany et al. 2017, 2018; Ghafouri et al. 2019), the fish in stage I of maturity were found through the year (except April and May), fish in stage II were found in August-November. Stages III and IV were found in March-May and stage V in June-July. Egg diameter also approved this observation. Nikolsky (1963) pointed out that the spawning characteristics of a fish vary in respect to their species and ecological characteristics of water systems in which it lives. The egg size could vary from population to another or even from year to year depending on temperature, available food, etc. The long period of spawning and the wide observed size range of eggs, Fig.3. Total length-fecundity (Top), weight-fecundity (middle) indicate a multiple batch group synchronous and age-fecundity (bottom) relationships in Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in Kordan River. spawner. This might be due to unfavorable condition which in this way, the small size of the eggs coupled majority of species, it is close to one (Nikolsky with high fecundity and long spawning season 1963). However, as noted by Pitcher & Hart (1982), ensures the survival of the population. In other Skryabin (1991) and Fernandez‐Delgado & species, the oocyte diameter is ranging from 0.4-1.6 Rossomanno (1997), subsequent changes in this ratio in T. hafezi (Jamali et al. 2014), 0.53-1.46 in may be explained by a number of hypotheses, M. cristata (Patimar et al. 2011), 0.24-0.85 in including differences in habitat preference, season, B. barbatula (Vinyoles et al. 2010) and 0.11-2.80 in sampling errors, or selective mortality. Sex ratio was P. malapterura (Patimar et al. 2009) (Table 5). The 99 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2021), 8(2): 95-103

Table 4. Monthly variation (mean±SD) of egg diameter of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in Kordan River.

Month Mean Total length±SD (cm) Mean egg diameter±SD (mm) Range September 6.379±0.375 0.32±0.07 0.18-0.50 October 5.684±0.375 0.31±0.06 0.20-0.45 November 5.084±0.671 0.31±0.11 0.15-0.95 December 4.306±0.111 0.38±0.15 0.23-0.80 January 5.017±0.989 0.33±0.10 0.20-0.63 February 6.356±0.254 0.44±0.22 0.25-1.10 March 6.150±0.596 0.63±0.20 0.25-1.20 April 5.200±0.977 0.79±0.20 0.35-1.20 May 6.184±1.288 0.90±0.27 0.30-1.33 June 5.474±0.392 0.36±0.07 0.25-0.53 July 5.600±0.093 0.28±0.06 0.18-0.43 August 5.301±0.164 0.27±0.10 0.15-0.55 Total 5.565±0.606 0.44±0.20 0.15-1.33

Table 5. Fecundity observed in different species of nemacheilid species in Iran.

Absolute Relative Spawning Species Egg diameter Reference fecundity fecundity season 90-1180 Paracobitis malapterura - 0.11-2.80 April-May Patimar et al. 2009 (450+290) Metaschistura cristata 110-1250 80-1290 0.53-1.46 April-May Patimar et al. 2011 0.89+0.06(0 94) 800-2900 - April-June Abbasi et al. 2013) 0.5.+0.04 Marmaee & Patimar Paracobitis iranica 330-8300 (1335) 110-1910 0.35-1.65 (0.70) - 2014 hafezi 40-730 (185) - 0.4-1.6 (0.84) April-June Jamali et al. 2014 Oxynoemacheilus 360-2560 190-580 0.15-1.33 March-June Present study bergianus largest size was in April-May when the spawning developed eggs have been captured as late as 15 July occurs. (Coad 2021). Abbasi et al. (2013) in O. kiabii The wide fecundity range indicates individual estimated the absolute fecundity as 800-2900 differences (360-2560) in this species. Fecundity in (1460+460), Marmaei et al. (2013) in P. iranica as females was correlated with total length and more 330-8300 (1330) and relative fecundity as 110-700. with total weight. It is well known that fecundity is Macroscopic observations of larger fish gonads in affected by age, size, species, feeding, season and winter (coinciding with the period of vitellogenesis) environmental conditions. Additionally, it differs showed that ovaries were yellowish to non- among populations of same species and does not transparent, with apparent capillaries. During remain constant from year to year (Pitcher & Hart ripeness in April and May, ovaries were orange, 1982). The results of observation on the gonad lobular, and with visible capillaries in surface. But development stages, GSI and egg diameter indicate owing to the GSI peak, the maximum diameter of the that the spawning season starts in March and eggs and highest number of hydrated oocytes were continues until June, although fish with well- observed in its spawning peak in April and May.

100 Keivany & Kamaloo - Reproduction of Sefidrud stone loach

Macroscopic development of the testes followed a Brown-Peterson, N.J.; Wyanski, D.M.; Saborido-Rey, . trend similar to those of the ovaries. Testes volume F.; Macewicz, B.J. & Lowerre-Barbieri, S.K. 2011 A standardized terminology for describing reproductive increased along with the maturity stages, but it was development in fishes. Marine & Coastal Fisheries 3: always smaller than the ovaries. In general, the 52-70. rhythm of gonadal development depends on various Coad, B.W. 2021. Freshwater fishes of Iran. external factors such as temperature, photoperiod, www.briancoad.com. Accessed 20 March 2021. and social and behavioral factors such as visual, Dopeikar, H.; Keivany, Y. & Shadkhast, M. 2015. Reproductive biology and gonad histology of the olfactory and auditory stimuli (Keivany & Soofiani Kura barbel, Barbus lacerta (Cyprinidae), in Bibi- 2004; Asadollah et al. 2011; Keivany et al. 2012; Sayyedan River, Tigris basin, Iran. North West Dopeikar et al. 2015; Siami et al. 2017; Keivany et Journal of Zoology 11: 163-170. al. 2020). It could be concluded that this species is a Esmaeili, H.R. & Ebrahimi, M. 2006. Length–weight relationships of some freshwater fishes of group synchronous multiple batch spawner with a Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 328-329. relatively high fecundity and a long period of Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Mehraban, H.R.; Masoudi, reproduction which lasts from March to June. M.; Khaefi, R.; Abbasi, K.; Mostafavi, H. & Vatandoust, S. 2014. An updated checklist of fishes Acknowledgements of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their We would like to thank S. Asadollah for his help in zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1: 152– 184. laboratory. This study was financially supported by Esmaeili, H.R.; Mehraban, H.; Abbasi, K.; Keivany, Y. Isfahan University of Technology. & Coad, B. 2017. Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: , distribution and References . Iranian Journal of Ichthyology Abaszadeh, A.; Keivany, Y.; Soofiani, N.M. & 4(Suppl. 1): 1-114. Falahatimarvast, A. 2013. Reproductive biology of Esmaeili, H.R.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Eagderi, S. & Abbasi, the greater lizardfish, Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795), K. 2018. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran. in Bushehr coastal waters of Iran. Turkish Journal of FishTaxa 3: 1-95. Zoology 37: 717-722. Fernández‐Delgado, C. & Rossomanno, S. 1997, Abbasi, K.; Ghane, A. & Rahimi, R. 2013. Some Reproductive biology of the mosquitofish in a biological characteristics of Hamadan loach permanent natural lagoon in south‐west : Two (Balitoridae: Oxynoemacheilus kiabii) in Gamasiab tactics for one species. Journal of Fish Biology 51: River basin. The First Iranian Conference of 80-92. Ichthyology, 15-16 May. Isfahan University of Ghafouri, Z.; Keivany, Y. & Soofiani, N.M. 2019, Technology. pp. 183-187. Reproductive biology of Aphanius isfahanensis in the Asadollah, S.; Soofiani, N.M.; Keivany, Y. & Shadkhast, Zayandehrud River, central Iran. Environmental M. 2011. Reproduction of Capoeta damascina, a Biology of Fishes 102: 19-25. cyprinid fish, in Zayandeh-Rud River, central Iran. Hamzeh, S.; Keivany, Y.; Soofiani, N.M. & Aein- Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 1061-1066. Jamshid, K. 2017. Reproductive Biology of Bagenal, T. & Tesch, F. 1978. Age and growth. In: Kingsoldier Bream (Argyrops spinifer) in the Persian Bagenal F. (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 26: 91-104. Production in Freshwaters, IBP Handbook 3, Heydarnejad, M.S. 2009. Length-weight relationships Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. for six freshwater fish species in Iran. Chinese Journal Biswas, P. 1993. Manual of Methods in Fish Biology. of Oceanology & Limnology 27: 61–62. South Asian Publisher PUT Ltd. Jamali, H.; Hasanpour-Fattahi, A.; Abdollahi, D.; Bromage, N.; Jones, J.; Randall, C.; Thrush, M.; Davies, Patimar, R. & Keivany, Y. 2015. Some biological B.; Springate, J.; Duston, J. & Barker, G. 1992. characteristics of Sefidrud loach, Oxynoemacheilus Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and bergianus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), in Aras River, the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout northwestern Caspian Sea basin. Iranian Journal of (Oncorhynchuc mykiss). Aquaculture 100: 141-166. Ichthyology 2: 13-19. Jamali, H.; Patimar, R.; Farhadi, M.; Golzarianpour, K. 101 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2021), 8(2): 95-103

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ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود، Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن: ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن) در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮدان ﺣﻮﺿﻪ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﻧﻤﮏ، اﯾﺮان

ﯾﺰدان ﮐﯿﻮاﻧﯽ*، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ ﮐﻤﺎﻟﻮ 1ﮔﺮوه ﺷﯿﻼت، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﯾﺮان.

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮگ/ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود Oxynoemacheilus bergianus ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اوراﺳﯿﺎ اﺳﺖ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ در ﻣﻮرد اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در 358 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮرﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﯽ و ﭘﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در ﻃﯽ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ 2013 ﺗﺎ آﮔﻮﺳﺖ 2014 از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮدان در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻟﺒﺮز ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. داﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﻮل ﮐﻞ و وزن ﮐﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 36/74-36/32 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ (3/10+95/50) و 06/4-31/0 ﮔﺮم (68/0+12/1) ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺗﻮﻟﯿﺖ، +5 ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده و +4 ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﮔﻨﺎد، ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ + در ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ +2 و +1 در ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ 9/ ﻣﺎده:1 ﻧﺮ) ﺑﻮد. ﭼﺮﺧﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻨﺎدوﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرس و ژوﺋﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 47/9 ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺮﻫﺎ در ﻣﺎه آورﯾﻞ و 42/13 ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ در ﻣﺎه ﻣﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﮏ از 15/0 ﺗﺎ 33/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 44/0 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﺂوري ﻣﻄﻠﻖ در ﻣﺤﺪوده 360 ﺗﺎ 2560 ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ آن 670+1130 ﺗﺨﻢ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﺂوري ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﮐﻞ (r2=0/58) و وزن ﮐﻞ (r2=0/66) ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺂوري ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 190±580 ﺗﺨﻢ در ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺑﺪن ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، O. bergianus ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ زودرس، ﻫﻤﺂوري زﯾﺎد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ در ﻣﺎرس ﺗﺎ ژوﺋﻦ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ. ﮐﻠﻤﺎتﮐﻠﯿﺪي: ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻨﺎدوﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﺟﻮﯾﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﮏ، زﯾﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻞ.

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