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Comba1ting Terrorism: Literature on Future Trends in Terrorism If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. LIBR.ARY CONGRESS COMBA1TING TERRORISM: LITERATURE ON FUTURE TRENDS IN TERRORISM An Annotated Bibliography Prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations/Low-Intensity Conflict) June 1993 Prepared by: Project manager: Helen Metz Coordinator/analyst: Joshua Sinai Analysts: Rodney Katz 148084 Ramon Miro U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the officiai position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by • • --E.ubli c Dorncun Library of Congress to the Nationai Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner. • SOLTERBIB: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress Alali, A. Odasuo and Kenoye Kelvin Eke (eds.). Media Coveraqe of • Terrorism: Methods of Diffusion. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1991. ~ [Call Number: PN 4784 .T4S M4 1991] , The contributors to the book examine how the portrayal of i terrorist incidents by the media affects terrorist groups, • I government policies on media reporting of terrorism, and the public. The editors believe that government policymakers influence the communications media by describing some acts of political violence as terrorism while other acts are legitimized for religious, ideological, or political reasons. The editors argue that the lack of agreement in defining terrorism presents a • problem for the media, which is an important institution in "characterizing or labeling" violent acts that have political implications. There is therefore a need to arrive at a consensual definition of terrorism that can be used by the media, which tremendously influences an audience's perception of those who engage in acts of political violence. Chapters in the volume deal • with the characterization of terrorist acts in three elite American newspapers, American news magazines' labeling of terrorists, the role of journalists in covering terrorist events, the controversy over the impact of news coverage in spreading terrorism, television coverage of the TWA hostage crisis, the British. approach to airing IRA spokesmen on the BBC, news • coverage of terrorist victims, and the impact of the literature on terrorism on media practitioners. The editors conclude that u.S. Government policymaker are in most cases responsive to media and public concerns about censoring reports on terrorism, and that American news agencies generally establish their own guidelines in cooperation with the u.S. Government so as to • inform the public about newsworthy terrorist incident without becoming pliant facilitators of the terrorists. Keyword(s): terrorism; media Alexander, Yonah (ed.). "Technology Against Terrorism: The • Federal Effort,." Terrorism, 14, April-June 1991, 111-33. [Call Number: HV 6431.T46] This report examines in some detail the federal research and development effort aimed at developing technical tools to combat terrorist attacks. It contains selected statements made on • February 26, 1991 before the US Senate Committee on Governmental AffQirs by u.S. Government and congressional officials as well as other experts on counterterrorism research and development (CT R&D). The various speakers voice general support for a systems appro • • ------------------------------------ SOLTERBIB: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress Alali, A. Odasuo and Kenoye Kelvin Eke (eds.). Media Coverage of Terrorism: Methods of Diffusion. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1991. [Call Number: PN 4784 .T45 M4 1991] The contributors to the book examine how the portrayal of terrorist incidents by the media affects terrorist groups, government policies on media reporting of terrorism, and the public. The editors believe that government policymakers influence the communications media by describing some acts of political violence as terrorism while other acts are legitimized for religious, ideological, or political reasons. The editors argue that the lack of agreement in defining terrorism presents a problem for the media, which is an important institution in "characterizing or labeling" violent acts that have political implications. There is therefore a need to arrive at a consensual definition of terrorism that can be used by the media, which tremendously influences an audience's perception of those who engage in acts of political violence. Chapters in the volume deal with the characterization of terrorist acts in three elite American newspapers, American news magazines' labeling of terrorists, the role of journalists in covering terrorist events, the controversy over the impact of news coverage in spreading terrorism, television coverage of the TWA hostage crisis, the British approach to airing IRA spokesmen on the BBC, news coverage of terrorist victims, and the impact of the literature on terrorism on media practitioners. The editors conclude that u.S. Government policymaker are in most cases responsive to media and public concerns about censoring reports on terrorism, and that American news agenciEls generally establish their own guidelines in cooperation with the u.S. Government so as to inform the public about newsworthy terrorist incident without becoming pliant facilitators of the terrorists. Keyword(s): t~rrorism; media Alexander, Yonah (ed.). "Technology Against Terrorism: The Federal Effort,." Terrorism, 14, April-June 1991, 111-33. [Call Number: HV 6431.T46] This report examines in some detail the federal research and development effort aimed at developing technical tools to combat terrorist attacks. It contains selected statements made on February 26, 1991 before the US Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs by u.S. Government and congressional officials as well as other experts on counterterrorism research and development (CT R&D). The various speakers voice general support for a systems approach to antiterrorism security that relies on multilayered security systems based on multiple technologies and human - 1 - ----- --~--------------------- j SOLTERBIB: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress expertise. The presenters also generally agree that there is no • "silver bullet" that can secure people and facilities against terrorists, but urge that CT R&D funding be increased to allow researchers to "stay ahead of the curve" in developing countermeasures. Topics discussed include interagency CT R&D, Federal Aviation Administration research and development of airport explosives detection devices, training of bomb detection • specialists by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, general assessments of counterterrorism technology, and possible terrorist use of biological weapons and potential countermeasures. Keyword(s): counterterrorism; u.s. Government policy; technology; • research and development; future trends Alexander, Yonah and Abraham H. Foxman (eds.). The 1988-1989 Annual on Terrorism. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1990. [Call Number: HV 6431.A56 1988/89] • This volume contains a regional and global overview of international terrorism and an analysis of terrorism in the united states in the relevant period, as well as articles on terrorism, written in 1988 and 1989. They cover a variety of sUbjects: the invasion of the Maldives and its links with • international terrorism; the platform of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas); the threat of "chemoterrorismi" the interface between energy and terrorism; the u.s. antiterrorism experience as seen from a French perspective; u.s. policy options; and terrorism and media values. Keyword(s): terrorism; united states; Islamic groups; chemical • weapons; u.s. Government policy; media Alexander, Yonah, and Dennis A. Pluchinsky. Europe's Red Terrorists: The Fighting Communist organizations. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1992. [Call Number: HV 6433 .E85E87 1992] • Keyword(s): terrorism; Europe; state sponsorship Alexander, Yonah, and Richard Latter. Terrorism & the Media: Dilemmas for Government, Journalists & the Public. Washington: Brassey's, 1990. [Call Number: P 96 .T47 1990] • Keyword(s): terrorism; media; u.s. Government policy Alexander, Yonah, and Robert G. Picard (eds.). In the Camera's Eye: News Coverage of Terrorist Events. Washington: Brassey's, 1991. [Call Number: PN 4784 .T45 I5 1990] • - 2 - • ____________________________________ ~ ___________ J • SOLTERBIB: Federal Research Division, Library of congress • The volume examines the communicative nature of terrorist acts and the role of the media during such violence. The authors analyze the impact of media-portrayed terrorist violence; the differences in meaning attached to the same events of individuals and nations with adversarial relations; the psychological rewards provided by media coverage to terrorist actors and how these • rewards shape their identities; the ways in which victims of terrorism interact with the media; how journalists become targets of terrorism; how strict guidelines for terrorism coverage can conflict with democratic values; and pressures that are placed on broadcasters during their coverage of terrorism. • Keyword(s): terrorism; media Alexander, Yonah, Phil Baum, and Raphael Danziger (eds.). "Terrorism: Future
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