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Asteraceae, Mutisieae) Y Sus Relaciones Cladisticas Con Los Generos Afines De La Subtribu

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Asteraceae, Mutisieae) Y Sus Relaciones Cladisticas Con Los Generos Afines De La Subtribu ISSN 373 - 580 X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 30 (1-2): 59-70. 1994 UN NUEVO GENERO DE NASSAUVIINAE (ASTERACEAE, MUTISIEAE) Y SUS RELACIONES CLADISTICAS CON LOS GENEROS AFINES DE LA SUBTRIBU Por LILIANA KATINAS* Summary A newgenusofNassauvilnae(Asteraceae, Mutisieae) anditscladisticrelationships with related genera of the subtribe. Onoseris stricta Sprengel = Trichocline heterophylla Grlseb. non Less. = Perezia pampeanaSpeg. = Trixisstricta (Sprengel) Less. Is a perennial herb ocurrlng onSouthern Brasil, Uruguay, and East of Argentina. A study of Its habit, flowers and achenlal hairs reveals that this species does belong neither to Onoseris nor Trichociine, Perezia or Trixis and should be recognized as a new monotypic genus from the tribe Mutisieae, subtribe Nassauviinae. A new genus, Criscia, is proposed and its unique species Crisciastricta (Sprengel) Katinas comb. nov. is described. A cladistic analysis of Criscia and related genera was carried out using 27charactersfrom external morphology, polen and achenial trichomes. Polarity wasdetermined applying the outgroup comparison with Oxyphyllum Phil, and Acourtia Gray. The analysis yielded 116 equally parsimonious cladograms, each with 97 steps and a consistency Index of 0.35; a successive weighting procedure resulted in 32 cladograms (consistency index of 0.60 and retention Index of 0.79). The strict consensustreeshowsthat Cr/sc/aform a monophyletic group with Doiichiasium, Ameghinoaanó Leunisia, and a terminal position In the cladogram suggesting and advanced genus within the subtribe. A map, illustrations and a discussion of the generic relationships of the new taxon is presented in this paper. INTRODUCCION MATERIALES Y METODOS En el curso de una revisión de las especies sud¬ Los materiales de herbario estudiados pertene¬ americanas del género Trixis Browne (Mutisieae, cen a las instituciones cuyas siglas figuran en el Nassauviinae) (Katinas, in prep.) se excluyó a Trixis Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1981). stricta (Sprengel) Less, dado que se diferencia de las Para los estudios anatómicos el material fue restantes especies del género por su hábito herbᬠreconstituido mediante hervor. Los cortes se reali¬ ceo escapiforme, hojas radicales espatuladas dis¬ zaron a mano alzada incluyendo el material en mé¬ puestas en una roseta compacta, capítulos solita¬ dula de hinojo, se aclararon en hipoclorito de sodio rios, flores marginales bilabiadas liguliformes y por al 50% y se tiñeron con safranina diluida. El montaje un tipo de pubescencia en sus aquenios no hallada se realizó en glicerina diluida al 10%. en ninguna otra especie de Trixis. Asimismo, la Los detalles morfológicos externos e internos se presencia de pelos colectores en las ramas del estilo dibujaron con una cámara clara. alejan este taxón del género Trichociine, sus flores Los datos de época de floración, hábitat y color anaranjadas y aquenios rostrados lo diferencian de de las flores fueron tomados de las etiquetas de Pdrezia y sus capítulos con flores bilabiadas lo sepa¬ herbario y de observaciones de campo. ran de Onoseris. Para el análisis de las relaciones filogenéticas El objetivo de este trabajo es describir e ilustrar entre los taxa se ha seguido la metodología cladística el nuevo género y su única especie, discutiendo sus (Hennig, 1966; Nelson y Platnick,1981). En la tabla 1 relaciones genéricas con otros géneros de la sub.- se listan los taxa estudiados, sus acrónimos y su tribu mediante un análisis cladístico. distribución geográfica. Los grupos monofiléticos formados por Calopappus-Nassauvia Triptilion y Moscharia Polyachyrus se representaron— por los taxa Nassauvia y Polyachyrus, respectivamente (Freire et * Departamento Científico de Plantas Vasculares y Laboratorio al., 1993). La tabla II contiene los 27 caracteres utili¬ de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE), Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Becaria del Consejo zados con sus correspondientes estados Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CGNICET). apomórficos. La polaridad de los caracteres se de- 59 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 30 (1-2) 1994 terminó por el método de comparación con el gru¬ Tabla II.— Caracteres y estados de caracteres usados en el po externo (Watrous y Wheeler, 1981) usando los análisis cladístico de Criscia y géneros afines Phil, Acourtia Gray los géneros Oxyphyllum y (para Caracteres Estados de caracteres caracteres 2 y 3) considerados primitivos en la subtribu Nassauviinae (Hansen, 1991). En los casos 1-Hábito 0=arbusto o sufrútices, l=hierbas en que el carácter presentaba variabilidad dentro 2-Hierbas 0=escapiformes, l=caulescentes del taxón (e.g., Leucheria, Perezia, Trixis) se conside¬ 3-Hojas básales 0=en roseta, l=esparcidos 4-Margen folliar 0=lobulado a partido, l=entero ró el estado más primitivo o plesiomórfico dentro 5-Limbo foliar 0=más largo que ancho, l=tan del taxón terminal. La tabla III contiene la matriz de largo como ancho datos (especies por caracteres) usada en el análisis. 6-Espinas marginales 0=presentes, l=ausentes Los caracteres con más de dos estados de carácter 7-Inflorescencia 0=pluricéfala, l=paucicéfala, (7, 11, 16, 17, 20 y 24) fueron tratados como no 2=capítulo solitario 8-Pseudocefalio 9=ausente, l=presente aditivos. La matriz de datos ha sido analizada usan- 9-Series de brácteas 0=3 a más, l=menos de 3 do el programa de simplicidad Hennig86 versión 10-Consistencia de 0=rígidas, l=foliáceas 1.5 (Farris, 1988). En la construcción de los brácteas cladogramas se aplicó la opción "multiple hennig" 11-Forma del 0=plano, l=cóncavo, receptáculo 2=convexo (mhennig*) seguida del comando "branch-breaker" 12-Receptáculo 0=glabro, l=pubescente (bb*) y se calcularon los índices de consistencia 13-Páleas 0=presentes, l=ausentes (Kluge y Farris, 1969) y de retención (Farris, 1989). 14-Flores centrales/ 0=isomorfas, l=dimorfas Para la construcción del árbol de consenso estricto marginales se usó la opción Nelsen. También fue usado el 15-Pubescencia floral 0=ausente, l=presente 16-Forma del labio 0=ovado-elíptico, l=linear, ' procedimento de pesos sucesivos ("successive exterior 2=orbicular weighting") del citado programa para reducir el 17-Inserción de 0=en tercio inferior, i=en tercio número de árboles hallados en el análisis inicial estambres a la corola medio, 2=en tercio superior (Farris, 1989). 18-Colas de anteras 0=glabras, l=papilosas 19-Forma del polen 0=esferoidal, l=prolato 20-Morfología de la 0=tipo "Oxyphyllum", l=tipo exina "Trixis", 2=tipo "Proustia, Tabla I.— Taxa estudiados, acrónimos y distribución 3=tipo "Cephalopappus" geográfica 21-Ramas del estilo 0=truncadas, l=redondeadas a espatuladas Taxa Acró¬ Distribución geográfica 22-Forma del aquenio 0=elipsoideo, l=fusiforme nimo alargado 23-Costillas del aquenio 0=presente, l=ausentes Ameghinoa AME Patagonia argentina 24-Pelos no glandulares 0=dobles o gemelos típicos Burkartia BUR Patagonia argentina del aquenio (exclusivamente), l=dobles o Cephalopappus CEPP Brasil: estado de Bahía gemelos atípicos (presentes), Criscia CRI E Argentina, S Brasil y Uruguay 2=no dobles o gemelos Dolichlasium DOL Andes de N y W Argentina (presentes) Holocheilus HOL N Argentina, S Brasil, 25-Papus 0=presente, l=ausente Paraguay y Uruguay 26-Color del papus 0=blanco, l=coloreado fungia JUN Andes de Argentina a 27-Cerdas del papus 0=plumosas, l=ciliadas a México y Brasil denticuladas Leucheria LEU Andes de S Argentina a S Perú y Patagonia argentina Leunisia LEN Andes de Chile central Criscia Katinas gen. nov.* Lophopappus LOP Andes de N Chile a Perú Macrachaenium MAC SW Argentina y SChile Capitula heterogama. Involucri bracteae Marticorenia MAR Andes de Chile central multiflora Nassauvia ÑAS Andes de S Argentina a S multiseriatae, foliosae, oblongo-lanceolatae, subaetfui- Bolivia, Patagonia argentina longae. Receptaculum nudum. Flores aurantiaci Panphalea PAN S Brasil, E Paraguay, Uruguay hermaphroditi. Flores radii lingulatae bilabiatae.- Flores y NE Argentina disci bilabiati, labio interiore bipartito, labio cxteriore Perezia PER Andes, Argentina, Brasil, latiore Paraguay y Uruguay lingulato trídentato. Antheraeglabrae, basi longe Pleocarphus PLE N Chile sagittatae. Stylus bifídus; ramis semiteretibus, ápice Polyachyrus POL Ny centro de Chile Proustia PRO Andes de Chile, Argentina y Blivia . Trixis TRI S Estados Unidos, América *Dedicoestenuevogéneroal Dr.Jorge VíctorCrisci,profesorde Central, Andes de América la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina, Brasil, de La Plata, Argentina, quien ha realizadoimportantescontribucio¬ Paraguay y Uruguay nes al conocimiento de las Compuestas y en especial de la subtribu Nassauviinae 60 L. Katinas, Nassauviinae (Asteraceae, Mutisieae) Jff . 1 tj v tí i 1»mi? IIff ! I 1 Vi ; H L iI ISi c si F . E \. v v m V U V \ A "vr-; Wi ¡>3| 1:; lfli\ A 8 i\w' 5mm D 1ft l/iJ 11' 4mm. B-C 1/ mm Ó) 4mm. E-F !v 8 cm. A M.T.C D ’ÿ m"8“;c- dta» D- brtc““ ero; E, 5.L2“2*2HÍíPSS“; " """ *• estambre; F, porcion 61 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 30 (1-2) 1994 spathulatis penicillatisque, divergentibus revolutis, denticulado, estrigosas especialmente en las nerva- Achenia cilindracea pubescentia. Pappus aurantiacus duras. Hojas caulinares 1-2,5 cm long, x 0,3-0,5 cm multiseriatus, pilis scabris. Plantae acaules. Foliis lat., oblongo-lanceoladas, membranáceas, agudas multis scssilibus, spathulatis, integerrimus. Capitula en el ápice, decurrentes en la base, seríceas. solitaria. Entrenudos 3-7 cm. Capítulo solitario, apical, 2,2- 3,5 cm long, x 2-5,5 cm latitud. Involucro
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