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TAXON:Porophyllum Ruderale SCORE:8.0 RATING:High Risk

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TAXON:Porophyllum Ruderale SCORE:8.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Porophyllum ruderale SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Porophyllum ruderale Family: Asteraceae Common Name(s): papaloquelite Synonym(s): Kleinia ruderalis Jacq. Bolivian coriander P. ruderale var. macrocephalum (DC.) Cronquist quillquiña Porophyllum ellipticum Cass. tepegua Porophyllum macrocephalum DC. yerba porosa Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 5 Jun 2015 WRA Score: 8.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Annual Herb, Disturbance Weed, Malodorous, Edible, Wind-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 5 Jun 2015 (Porophyllum ruderale) Page 1 of 18 TAXON: Porophyllum ruderale SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 5 Jun 2015 (Porophyllum ruderale) Page 2 of 18 TAXON: Porophyllum ruderale SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Consumed as a food source, but no evidence of widespread Johnson, R. R. 1969. Monograph of the Plant Genus cultivation or domestication] "Porophyllum ruderale subsp. Porophyllum (Compositae, Helenieae). The University of macrocephalum, and probably P. tagetoides, is old as a green Kansas Science Bulletin 48: 225-267 vegetable in markets in Veracruz." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database) South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico [s.w.], Texas Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona [s.] Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas Southern Mexico: Mexico - Chiapas, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2015. Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) Veracruz, Yucatan [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources SOUTHERN AMERICA Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Bahamas; Cayman grin.gov/. [Accessed 4 Jun 2015] Islands; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis - St. Kitts; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Panama Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador [incl. Galapagos]; Peru Southern South America: Argentina; Paraguay; Uruguay" Creation Date: 5 Jun 2015 (Porophyllum ruderale) Page 3 of 18 TAXON: Porophyllum ruderale SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2015. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- grin.gov/. [Accessed 4 Jun 2015] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 18+ vols. New "Ephemerally wet sites in desert mountains; 1000-1500 m;" York and Oxford [Species elevation range exceeds 1000 m. Subspecies more restricted in distribution] "Subspecies ruderale is common as a weed in low, flat areas, such as fields and vacant lots, through much of its range. Johnson, R. R. 1969. Monograph of the Plant Genus It usually is found at elevations below 1,300 m but may occur up to Porophyllum (Compositae, Helenieae). The University of 2,500 m or more. In contrast, subsp. macrocephalum occurs more Kansas Science Bulletin 48: 225-267 commonly at higher elevations in rocky terrain although it is sometimes found in weedy situations, such as in roadside clearings, and even forms thickets near Progresso, Yucatan (Standley, 1931)." Collected in Bolivia at 300 m, 18°21'00"S up to 1250 -1300 m, Tropicos.org. 2015. Tropicos [Online Database]. Missouri 18°06'30"S, latitudes which are roughly comparable to the Hawaiian Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/. [Accessed 4 Islands (in addition to several other locations across a broad Jun 2015] latitudinal and elevation range). Demonstrates environmental versatility Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "The range of Porophyllum ruderale nearly equals that of the genus, extending from the southwestern United States and the West Indies south to northern Argentina. Two widespread varieties occur within Woodson, Jr., R.E., Schery, R.W., D'Arcy, W.G. et al.1975. this broad range, both of which are found in Panama." ... Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 184. Compositae. Annals "Porophyllum ruderale var. ruderale ranges from Costa Rica to of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62(4): 835-1321 Argentina and is also found on several Caribbean islands." ... "Porophyllum ruderale var. macrocephalum occurs from Arizona and Texas south through Mexico and Central America and in South America from Colombia to Bolivia." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Parker, J. 2015. BIISC Early Detection Botanist. Pers. "Found in abandoned nursery in Keahole Ag Park in Kailua-Kona." Comm. 28 May Creation Date: 5 Jun 2015 (Porophyllum ruderale) Page 4 of 18 TAXON: Porophyllum ruderale SCORE: 8.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Dave's Garden 2015. Papalo, Papaloquelite. Porophyllum Davis, California ruderale subsp. macrocephalum Los Angeles, California http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/99940/. [Accessed Hawthorne, Florida 5 Jun 2015] Melbourne, Florida Savannah, Georgia" Guerrero, A. M., Pozo, P., Chamorro, S., Guezou, A., & Buddenhagen, C. E. (2008). Baseline data for identifying [Introduced to Galapagos] "Porophyllum ruderale ssp. potentially invasive plants in Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz macrocephalum ... Status (Gal) = Ac: Accidental (naturalized, Island, Galapagos. Pacific Conservation Biology, 14(2), 93- introduction believed to be accidental)," 107 Broad native range. Regarded as a useful weed in much of native WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication range. Information on cultivation outside native range
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