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A Situational Analysis of Women and Girls in Kerala
1. INTRODUCTION All measurements of human development have put Kerala on top of all the major States of India. The Planning Commission of India has worked out the Human Development Index (HDI) at 0.638 for Kerala against 0.472 for All India, for the year 20011 . Kerala has the highest life Table 1.1 Domestic Product and Per Capita Income, Kerala/India expectancy, literacy and lowest infant (Rs. crore) mortality, though per capita monthly ITEM KERALA INDIA expenditure is not the highest. 2000-01 2001-02 2000-01 2001-02 In terms of Net Domestic Product, Net Domestic Product (NDP) At current prices 63,094 69,602 17,19,868 18,76,955 Keralas rank amongst States falls in the (10.8) (10.3) (8.9) (9.1) middle, though it holds the highest HDI At 1993-94 prices 34,450 36,079 10,62,616 11,23,543 rank. Per capita income of Kerala at (5.3) (4.7) (4.2) (5.7) Per Capita Income constant prices in 2001-02 was Rs. 11,046 At current prices 19,463 21310 16,707 17,978 crore. It was marginally higher than the (9.9) (9.5) (6.9) (7.6) per capita income for India (Rs.10,754 At 1993-94 prices 10,627 11046 10,306 10,754 (4.4) (3.9) (2.4) (4.3) crore). But the rate of growth in Kerala Source: Government of Kerala, State Planning Board, during this year was lesser than for India. Economic Review, 2002 Figures in brackets indicate change over the previous year. -
Shankar Ias Academy Test 18 - Geography - Full Test - Answer Key
SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY TEST 18 - GEOGRAPHY - FULL TEST - ANSWER KEY 1. Ans (a) Explanation: Soil found in Tropical deciduous forest rich in nutrients. 2. Ans (b) Explanation: Sea breeze is caused due to the heating of land and it occurs in the day time 3. Ans (c) Explanation: • Days are hot, and during the hot season, noon temperatures of over 100°F. are quite frequent. When night falls the clear sky which promotes intense heating during the day also causes rapid radiation in the night. Temperatures drop to well below 50°F. and night frosts are not uncommon at this time of the year. This extreme diurnal range of temperature is another characteristic feature of the Sudan type of climate. • The savanna, particularly in Africa, is the home of wild animals. It is known as the ‘big game country. • The leaf and grass-eating animals include the zebra, antelope, giraffe, deer, gazelle, elephant and okapi. • Many are well camouflaged species and their presence amongst the tall greenish-brown grass cannot be easily detected. The giraffe with such a long neck can locate its enemies a great distance away, while the elephant is so huge and strong that few animals will venture to come near it. It is well equipped will tusks and trunk for defence. • The carnivorous animals like the lion, tiger, leopard, hyaena, panther, jaguar, jackal, lynx and puma have powerful jaws and teeth for attacking other animals. 4. Ans (b) Explanation: Rivers of Tamilnadu • The Thamirabarani River (Porunai) is a perennial river that originates from the famous Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. -
Indigenous Knowledge of Local Communities of Malwa Region on Soil and Water Conservation
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(2): 830-835 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 2(2016) pp. 830-835 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.502.094 Indigenous Knowledge of Local Communities of Malwa Region on Soil and Water Conservation Manohar Pawar1*, Nitesh Bhargava2, Amit Kumar Uday3 and Munesh Meena3 Society for Advocacy & Reforms, 32 Shivkripa, SBI Colony, Dewas Road Ujjain, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT After half a century of failed soil and water conservation projects in tropical K e yw or ds developing countries, technical specialists and policy makers are Malwa, reconsidering their strategy. It is increasingly recognised in Malwa region Indigenous, that the land users have valuable environmental knowledge themselves. This Soil and Water review explores two hypotheses: first, that much can be learned from Conservation previously ignored indigenous soil and water conservation practices; second, Article Info that can habitually act as a suitable starting point for the development of technologies and programmes. However, information on ISWC (Indigenous Accepted: 10 January 2016 Soil and Water Conservation) is patchy and scattered. Total 14 indigenous Available Online: Soil and water Conservation practises have been identified in the area. 10 February 2016 Result showed that these techniques were more suitable accord to geographic location. Introduction Soil and water are the basic resources and their interactions are major factors affecting these must be conserved as carefully as erosion-sedimentation processes. possible. The pressure of increasing population neutralizes all efforts to raise the The semi–arid regions with few intense standard of living, while loss of fertility in rainfall events and poor soil cover condition the soil itself nullifies the value of any produce more sediment per unit area. -
THE NILGIRIS Kms from Ooty and Kotagiri 31 Kms from Ooty, Are the Three Hill Stations of This District
THE NILGIRIS kms from Ooty and Kotagiri 31 kms from Ooty, are the three hill stations of this district. Geographical Location • The Nilgiris is situated at an elevation of 900 to 2636 meters above MSL. • The Nilgiris is bounded on North by Karnataka State on the East by Coimbatore District, Erode District, South by Coimbatore District and Kerala State and as the West by Kerala State. Important places District Collector: Tmt. J. Innocent Divya • Doddabetta - 2,623 mts above MSL - I.A.S highest Peak in the Tamil Nadu. • The Nilgiri Mountain Train-One among the three Mountain Railways of India designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Three railways, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka– Shimla Railway, are collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Mountain Railways of India. The fourth railway, the Matheran Hill Railway, is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. REVENUE DIVISIONS: • Mudumalai National Park UDHAGAI • Pykara Waterfalls and the Ooty Lake COONOOR • Botanical Garden – Ooty GUDALUR • Rose Garden - Ooty HISTORY: • Ooty Lake and Boat House • The Name ‘Nilgiris’ means Blue hills the first mention of this name has been found • Raj Bhavan - Ooty in the Silappadikaram. • Dolphin's Nose - Coonoor • One of the oldest mountain ranges, located at the tri-junction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala • Lamb's rock - Coonoor and Karnataka. • Glenmorgan - Ooty • Nilgiris is a part of the Western Ghats. Ooty the “Queen of Hill Stations”, Coonoor 19 • Avalanche - Ooty For any queries mail to: [email protected] Forest • South Western ghats - Nilgiri tahrs are found only in the montane grasslands of the Southwestern Ghats. -
Understanding REPORT of the WESTERNGHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL
Understanding REPORT OF THE WESTERNGHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL KERALA PERSPECTIVE KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD Preface The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel report and subsequent heritage tag accorded by UNESCO has brought cheers to environmental NGOs and local communities while creating apprehensions among some others. The Kerala State Biodiversity Board has taken an initiative to translate the report to a Kerala perspective so that the stakeholders are rightly informed. We need to realise that the whole ecosystem from Agasthyamala in the South to Parambikulam in the North along the Western Ghats in Kerala needs to be protected. The Western Ghats is a continuous entity and therefore all the 6 states should adopt a holistic approach to its preservation. The attempt by KSBB is in that direction so that the people of Kerala along with the political decision makers are sensitized to the need of Western Ghats protection for the survival of themselves. The Kerala-centric report now available in the website of KSBB is expected to evolve consensus of people from all walks of life towards environmental conservation and Green planning. Dr. Oommen V. Oommen (Chairman, KSBB) EDITORIAL Western Ghats is considered to be one of the eight hottest hot spots of biodiversity in the World and an ecologically sensitive area. The vegetation has reached its highest diversity towards the southern tip in Kerala with its high statured, rich tropical rain fores ts. But several factors have led to the disturbance of this delicate ecosystem and this has necessitated conservation of the Ghats and sustainable use of its resources. With this objective Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel was constituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) comprising of 14 members and chaired by Prof. -
Satpura: Hiking the Pachmarhi Trail & Safari
Satpura: Hiking the Pachmarhi Trail & Safari November 28 - December 2, 2018 Highlights: ● Explore Satpura National Park on foot, in a canoe, and by jeep ● Hike along the Pachmarhi Trail ● “Satpura under Canvas” - a unique mobile camp experience ● Track wildlife including tiger, leopard, wild boar, bear, fox, porcupine, the Indian giant squirrel, a variety of antelope, and much more The Satpura Tiger Reserve is an extensive forest covering a broad array of unique Central Indian flora and fauna. This beautiful reserve is cradled in the Mahadeo Hills of the Satpura Range that is characterized by deep valleys, narrow gorges, cascading waterfalls and rich vegetation. All these facets of the forest make it ideal trekking country. During the British Raj, the state of Madhya Pradesh was known as the Central Provinces and the forest department of this province located its headquarters in Pachmarhi. Captain James Forsyth, the man largely responsible for establishing and operating the headquarters, ascended to Pachmarhi using the same route as what we walk on this trek. This five day adventure includes a unique mobile camping and walking expedition through the pristine Satpura Forests as well as spending two days exploring the gorgeous Satpura National Park on foot, canoe and Jeeps. Experience local hospitality and interact with the local community. This is indeed a trip of a lifetime in a beautiful part of Central India. Flight Information: November 28, 2018 Arrive in Bhopal (BHO), Madhya Pradesh, India by 8:00am. December 6, 2018: Depart Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh, India anytime or continue on a post-adventure. DAY BY DAY ITINERARY Day 1: Arrive Bhopal – Panchmarhi by road th 28 November 2018 (Wednesday) Upon arrival at Bhopal airport, you will be transferred to a hotel for breakfast and wash & change. -
Remote Sensing Based Forest Health Analysis Using GIS Along Fringe Forests of Kollam District, Kerala
5 X October 2017 http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.10108 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:6.887 Volume 5 Issue X, October 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com Remote Sensing Based Forest Health Analysis Using GIS along Fringe Forests of Kollam District, Kerala Rajani Kumari . R1, Dr. Smitha Asok V2 1Post Graduate Student, 2Assistant Professor 1,2 PG Department of Environmental Sciences, All Saints’ College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Abstract:The health of the forest vegetation is one of the driving factors and indicator of climate change impacts. Fragmentation of the forests on the other hand brings out the implications of the various stressing factors on the spatial extent of the forests especially the increasing population and industrialization, which has always impacted the forested regions in the form of deforestation for commercial purposes and conversion of forest land for cultivation. Hence there is a demand for spatial assessment and continuous monitoring of the forested regions. With a wide range of advancing technologies, remote sensing methods are increasingly being employed for monitoring a number of remotely measurable properties of different types of vegetation.This study forecasts utilitarian application of remote sensing as a tool to assess the health of the forest regions. Multispectral satellite image derived vegetation indices like broadband Greenness is used as a combined tool to generate a comprehensive health metrics for the forest canopy. Various band ratio exist for above factor depending on the bands available in the selected dataset. The estimated vegetation indices can be used to generate the final health map of forest regions. -
The Madras Presidency, with Mysore, Coorg and the Associated States
: TheMADRAS PRESIDENG 'ff^^^^I^t p WithMysore, CooRGAND the Associated States byB. THURSTON -...—.— .^ — finr i Tin- PROVINCIAL GEOGRAPHIES Of IN QJofttell HttinerHitg Blibracg CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 1918 Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library DS 485.M27T54 The Madras presidencypresidenc; with MysorMysore, Coor iliiiiliiiiiiilii 3 1924 021 471 002 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Provincial Geographies of India General Editor Sir T. H. HOLLAND, K.C.LE., D.Sc, F.R.S. THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS HonBnn: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Man^gek (EBiniurBi) : loo, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. Ji-tipjifl: F. A. BROCKHAUS i^cto Sotfe: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS iBomlaj sriB Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. All rights reserved Digitized by Microsoft® THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES BY EDGAR THURSTON, CLE. SOMETIME SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MADRAS GOVERNMENT MUSEUM Cambridge : at the University Press 1913 Digitized by Microsoft® ffiambttige: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. Digitized by Microsoft® EDITOR'S PREFACE "HE casual visitor to India, who limits his observations I of the country to the all-too-short cool season, is so impressed by the contrast between Indian life and that with which he has been previously acquainted that he seldom realises the great local diversity of language and ethnology. -
Geography Worldgeography
+91-9246365622 www.KalyanIAS.com N. Kalyana Chakravarthy APPSC - PRELIMS GEOGRAPHY WORLDGEOGRAPHY www.OnlineIAS.com +91-9246365622 www.OnlineIAS.com 1 +91-9246365622 www.KalyanIAS.com N. Kalyana Chakravarthy CONTENTS Sl. No. TOPICS Pg. No. GENERAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Our Universe ...........................................................................................7 2. Interior Infrastructure of Earth ............................................................... 16 3. Mineral & Rocks ......................................................................................21 4. Forces Effecting the Earth Movements ....................................................25 5. Weathering & Erosion. ............................................................................. 27 6. Geogmorphological Landforms ................................................................ 30 7. Volcanoes Earthquakes ............................................................................ 34 8. Erosional and Depositional Landforms................................................... 39 9. Drainage System & Patterns ..................................................................44 10. Atmosphere. .............................................................................................46 11. Climatic Classification ...............................................................................58 12. Hydrosphere ............................................................................................60 13. Soil...........................................................................................................69 -
Geography Worldgeography
+91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti [email protected] APPSC - PRELIMS GEOGRAPHY WORLDGEOGRAPHY www.OnlineIAS.com www.OnlineIAS.com N. Kalyana Chakravarthy 1 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti [email protected] CONTENTS Sl. No. TOPICS Pg. No. GENERAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Our Universe ...........................................................................................7 2. Interior Infrastructure of Earth ............................................................... 16 3. Mineral & Rocks ......................................................................................21 4. Forces Effecting the Earth Movements ....................................................25 5. Weathering & Erosion. ............................................................................. 27 6. Geogmorphological Landforms ................................................................ 30 7. Volcanoes Earthquakes ............................................................................ 34 8. Erosional and Depositional Landforms................................................... 39 9. Drainage System & Patterns ..................................................................44 10. Atmosphere. .............................................................................................46 11. Climatic Classification...............................................................................58 12. Hydrosphere ............................................................................................60 13. Soil...........................................................................................................69 -
Tamil Nadu 2014
ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS DEPARTMENT POLICY NOTE DEMAND No. 54 FORESTS 2014-2015 M.S.M. ANANDAN MINISTER FOR FORESTS © GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU 2014 DEMAND No.54 POLICY NOTE 2014-2015 FOREST DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION "kâÚU« k©Q« kiyÍ« mâãH‰ fhL« cilaJ mu©" - ÂU¡FwŸ (742) "A fort is that which owns fount of waters crystal clear, an open space, a hill, and shade of beauteous forest near." - Thirukkural (742) The ancient Tamil poets have emphasized the importance of dense forests, clean water and fertile soil in providing ecological security to the mankind. Forests are a complex eco-system which play a dual role of a renewable resource and also as a vital support base for safeguarding the overall environment and ecological balance. It is forest cover that has preserved the soil and its heavy humus that has acted as a porous reservoir to 1 retain water and is gradually releasing it in a sustained flow over a period of time. Trees draw water from the earth crust and release it to the atmosphere by process of transpiration as a part of water cycle. Trees also purify the air by releasing oxygen into the atmosphere after consuming carbon-di-oxide during photosynthesis. The survival and well-being of any nation depends on sustainable social and economic progress, which satisfies the needs of the present generation without compromising the interest of future generation. Spiraling population and increasing industrialization have posed a serious challenge to the preservation of our terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Overexploitation of our resources due to rapid population growth has lead to degradation of forests and denudation of agricultural lands. -
Bird Diversity of Protected Areas in the Munnar Hills, Kerala, India
PRAVEEN & NAMEER: Munnar Hills, Kerala 1 Bird diversity of protected areas in the Munnar Hills, Kerala, India Praveen J. & Nameer P. O. Praveen J., & Nameer P.O., 2015. Bird diversity of protected areas in the Munnar Hills, Kerala, India. Indian BIRDS 10 (1): 1–12. Praveen J., B303, Shriram Spurthi, ITPL Main Road, Brookefields, Bengaluru 560037, Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected] Nameer P. O., Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU (PO), Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India. India. [email protected] Introduction Table 1. Protected Areas (PA) of Munnar Hills The Western Ghats, one of the biodiversity hotspots of the Protected Area Abbreviation Area Year of world, is a 1,600 km long chain of mountain ranges running (in sq.km.) formation parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula. The region Anamudi Shola NP ASNP 7.5 2003 is rich in endemic fauna, including birds, and has been of great biogeographical interest. Birds have been monitored regularly Eravikulam NP ENP 97 1975 in the Western Ghats of Kerala since 1991, with more than 60 Kurinjimala WLS KWLS 32 2006 surveys having been carried out in the entire region (Praveen & Pampadum Shola NP PSNP 11.753 2003 Nameer 2009). This paper is a result of such a survey conducted in December 2012 supplemented by relevant prior work in this area. Anamalais sub-cluster in southern Western Ghats (Nair 1991; Das Munnar Hills (10.083°–10.333°N, 77.000°–77.617°E), et al. 2006). Anamudi (2685 m), the highest peak in peninsular forming part of the High Ranges of Western Ghats, also known as India, lies in these hills inside Eravikulam National Park (NP).