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Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbricina, Glossoscolecidae) in South America

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Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbricina, Glossoscolecidae) in South America Neotropical Biology and Conservation 2(3):155-160, september-december 2007 © by Unisinos Biodiversity and distribution of the Glossoscolex genus- group (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbricina, Glossoscolecidae) in South America Martin Lindsey Christoffersen1 [email protected] Abstract An exaustive survey of the terrestrial megadriles belonging to the Glossoscolex genus- group produced 54 available endemic nominal taxa (species and subspecies) from South America. These species level taxa belong to Diaguita, Enantiodrilus, Fimoscolex, Glossoscolex (Assudrilus), Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex), and Holoscolex. Twenty three of these species-group taxa were described by Gilberto Righi. Full synonyms and detailed South American geographical occurrences are provided. This is the first assessment of the South American species and subspecies of the Glossoscolex genus-group. Key words: biodiversity, earthworms, Glossoscolecoidea, Metameria, Neotropical region, soil fauna. Introduction organic matter, and may thus be used in vermicomposting (Reynolds and Eggen, Species are the children of Gaia (Wilson, 1993). They aerate the soil, help water 2002), and we must know the role each penetrate horizontally and vertically, and one plays in the whole in order to manage neutralize acid soils. Charles Darwin earth wisely (Reynolds, 1994, p. 12). In was the first to appreciate the key-role order ever to achieve this knowledge, of the lowly earthworms for the soil however, we must begin by knowing sciences (Reynolds, 1994, p. 11). which fraction of South American Several species of gigantic earthworms diversity has already been described. over 100 cm long have been reported Everybody is supposedly familiar with from tropical and temperate regions: (i) earthworms. They are easily encountered maximum length 140 cm, the in gardens and are used as bait for Australian megascolecid Megascolides fishing. Linnaeus (1758) called all australis McCoy; (ii) 120 cm, the earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and all Brazilian glossoscolecid, Glossoscolex marine worms Lumbricus marinus. giganteus Leuckart; and (iii) 105 cm, Oligochaetes have an important role in the French lumbricid Scherotheca 1Depto. Sistemática e Ecologia, Universi- phylogenetic, zoogeographical, ecological, occidentalis thibauti Bouché (Lee, dade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I - Ci- and agronomical research (Righi, 1996, 1985; Tsai et al., 2004, p. 877). These dade Universitária, 58059-900 João Pes- soa PB, Brazil. p. 485). Earthworms help decompose authors do not mention another 155a160_art04_Christoffersen_NEO2[3]_OK.pmd155 26/11/2007, 22:31 Martin Lindsey Christoffersen glossoscolecid giant from Minas Glossoscolex genus-group F. angai minor Zicsi and Csuzdi, 1987 Gerais, Brazil, Rhinodrilus fafner Distribution. PAR: Puerto Presidente which, according to Stephenson Diaguita Cordero, 1942 Franco (Zicsi and Csuzdi, 1987, p. 272). (1930), can measure more than 2 m in Type: D. michaelseni Cordero, 1942 length. F. inurus Cognetti, 1913 The Glossoscolex genus-group is D. michaelseni Cordero, 1942 Distribution. BRA (Cognetti, 1913, characterized by a single pair of tubular Distribution. ARG: Jujuy Province: p. 615): SP (Lüderwaldt, 1927, p. 545; calciferous glands in segment 11 or 12 San Salvador de Jujuy (Cordero, 1942, Michaelsen, 1927, p. 370; Brown and (Righi, 1971, p. 70, group three). p. 286). BRA: MT (Righi, 1990, p. 62). James, 2006, p. 147): Salesópolis: Glossoscolex is the type species of the Boracéia Biological Reserve; Cotia; most diverse South American tropical D. vivianae Righi, 1984 Ribeirão Pires; Mogi das Cruzes endemic family in the world. Distribution. VEN: Baritas State: (Righi, 1971, p. 57). This is the first catalogue of the taxa of Ticoporo Forestal Reserve (Righi and the Glossoscolex genus-group cited to date Molina, 1994, p. 310). BRA: MT: F. ohausi Michaelsen, 1900 from the South American continent. This Pontes e Lacerda-Vila de Santíssima Distribution. BRA: RJ: Serra de paper has two goals: (i) provide a current Trindade highway, km 60: Lagoa do Macaé (Michaelsen, 1926, p. 299); starting point for taxonomists and Encando farm (Righi, 1984, p. 207); Petrópolis (Michaelsen, 1900, p. 55). ecologists interested in South American Postes e Lacerda-Vilhena highway; glossoscolecid earthworms; and (ii) Nova Alvorada (Righi and Guerra, F. sacii (Righi, 1971) compile the available information on the 1985, p. 154); AM: Parada Modelo; Synonym. Glossoscolex (Assudrilus) biodiversity and distribution of a neglected Tabatinga (Righi, 1988a, p. 338). sacii Righi, 1971. zoological group in a megadiverse and Distribution. BRA: SP (Brown and only cursorily sampled continent. Enantiodrilus Cognetti, 1902 James, 2006, p. 147; Righi, 1999, p. Type: E. borellii Cognetti, 1902 13): Vargem Grande, near Cotia; Material and methods Ibiúna; Juquitiba (Righi, 1971, p. 53). E. borellii Cognetti, 1902 Three-letter abbreviations were used Distribution. ARG: Tucumán F. sporadochaetus Michaelsen, 1918 for South American countries (ARG, Province (Roldán and Teisaire, 2000, Distribution. BRA: MG: Gorduras, Argentina; BOL, Bolivia; BRA, Brazil; p. 1); Jujuy Province: San Lorenzo near Belo Horizonte (Michaelsen, COL, Colombia; ECU, Ecuador; PAR, (Cognetti, 1902, p. 9). BOL: Beni 1918, p. 299); Conselheiro Lafaiete: Paraguay; PER, Peru; SUR, Surinam; Department: Urios River, Espíritu Rio de Janeiro-Belo Horizonte URU, Uruguay; VEN, Venezuela) and Viejo, close to Espíritu; Ballivian highway, km 418 (Righi, 1971, p. 10). 2-letter abbreviations for sampled Province: Quiquibey River (Römbke States in Brazil (AM, Amazonas; AP, and Hanagarth, 1994, p. 13); Vaca F. tairim Righi, 1974 Amapá; MG, Minas Gerais; MT, Mato Diez Province: Beni Department: Distribution. BRA: RJ: Itatiaia (Righi, Grosso; PA, Pará; PR, Paraná; RJ, Rio Estancia Esperanza, Nicolas Suarea 1974, p. 560). de Janeiro; RO, Rondônia; RS, Rio Island, close to Guayaramerín: Grande do Sul; SC, Santa Catarina; SP, Marmoré River; (Zicsi, 1995, p. 588). F. thayeri (Cernosvitov, 1934) São Paulo). All information has been SUR: Hendriktop (Michaelsen, 1933, Synonym. Glossoscolex thayeri obtained in the primary literature. p. 121). BRA: PA: Marajó Island Cernosvitov, 1934. (Michaelsen, 1927, p. 369). Distribution. BRA: RJ: Mendez Results (Cernosvitov, 1934a, p. 58; 1935, p. 34). E. cognetti Michaelsen, 1933 LUMBRICINA De Blainville, 1830 Distribution. SUR: Hendriktop Glossoscolex F. S. Leuckart, 1835 Synonyms. Terricolae Örsted, 1850; (Michaelsen, 1933, p. 121). Type: G. giganteus F. S. Leuckart, 1836 Megadrili Benham, 1890; Diplotesticulata Synonym. Geoscolex F. S. Leuckart, 1841 Yamaguchi, 1953; Crassiclitellata Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Type: G. maximus F. S. Leuckart, 1841) Jamieson, 1988 Type: F. ohausi Michaelsen, 1900 G. crucifer Righi and Römbke, 1987 GLOSSOSCOLECOIDEA F. angai angai Righi, 1971 Distribution. PER: Panguana (Righi Michaelsen, 1900 Distribution. BRA; SP (Brown and and Römbke, 1987, p. 532). James, 2006, p. 147): Salesópolis: GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE Boracéia Biological Reserve (Righi, Glossoscolex (Assudrilus) Righi, Michaelsen, 1900 1971, p. 55). 1971 156 Volume 2 number 3 september - december 2007 155a160_art04_Christoffersen_NEO2[3]_OK.pmd156 26/11/2007, 22:31 Biodiversity and distribution of the Glossoscolex genus-group (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbricina, Glossoscolecidae) in South America Type: G. jimi Righi, 1972 Distribution. BRA: RS: São Sebastião 1926; G. campestris Michaelsen, 1926; G. do Cai (Righi, 1974, p. 557); SC: giganteus campestris (Michaelsen, 1926). G. (Assudrilus) jimi Righi, 1972 Joinville; Itapoaí river; SP (Brown and Distribution. COL: Nariño: Patia Distribution. BRA: SC: Cedros James, 2006, p. 148); Ribeirão Pires River (Beddard, 1892, p. 119). BRA: (Righi, 1972, p. 41). (Michaelsen, 1918, p. 1; 1927, p. 370). SP (Brown and James, 2006, p. 148): Paranapiacaba: Alto da Serra Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) F. S. G. (Glossoscolex) colonorum (Lüderwadlt, 1927, p. 545); Campos do Leuckart, 1835 Michaelsen, 1918 Jordão (Michaelsen, 1918, p. 266); RJ: Type: G. giganteus F. S. Leuckart, 1836 Distribution. URU: Tacuarembó: Rio de Janeiro (Leuckart, 1836, p. 764); Synonym. G. (Praedrilus) Righi, 1971 Tambores (Cordero, 1931, p. 352). Agulhas Negras (Righi, 1971, p. 45); (Type: G. tupii Righi, 1971) BRA: SC: Joinville; Itapoaí River Teresópolis (Michaelsen, 1918, p. 266); (Michaelsen, 1927, p. 370). Seropédica (Righi, 1980a, p. 243). G. (Glossoscolex) amomee Righi, 1971 Distribution. BRA: SP: Cubatão: G. (Glossodrilus) corrientes Righi, G. (Glossoscolex) gordurensis Serra de Cubatão; São Vicente: Morro 1984. Michaelsen, 1918 do Xixová (Righi, 1971, p. 42); Peruíbe Distribution. ARG: Corrientes Distribution. BRA: SP (Brown and (Brown and James, 2006, p. 147); São Province: Corrientes (Righi, 1984, p. James, 2006, p. 148): Paranapiacaba: Bernado do Campo: Alto da Serra; 116). Alto da Serra (Lüderwadlt, 1927, p. Paranapiacaba: reserva biológica; 545); Itanhaém; Ribeirão Pires Cotia; Jarinu (Righi and Araújo Lobo, G. (Glossoscolex) facchinii Righi, 1971 (Michaelsen, 1926, p. 290); MG: 1979, p. 952); Vila Indiana; Butantan; Distribution. BRA: SP (Brown and Gorduras, near Belo Horizonte RJ (Zicsi and Csuzdi, 1999, p. 124). James, 2006, p. 148): Araras Municipe: (Michaelsen, 1918, p. 276). Monte Alto Farm: Araras brooklet G. (Glossoscolex) bergi (Rosa, 1900) (Righi, 1971, p. 43). G. (Glossoscolex) grandis grandis Synonym. Geoscolex bergi Rosa, (Michaelsen, 1892) 1900. G. (Glossoscolex) fasold Michaelsen, Synonym. Tykonus grandis Distribution. ARG:
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