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ABS TRAC T Comparative Aspects of the Ecology of Three Nerita (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Species from Different Locations in Barbados, W

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ABS TRAC T Comparative Aspects of the Ecology of Three Nerita (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Species from Different Locations in Barbados, W ABS TRAC T Comparative aspects of the ecology of three Nerita (mollusca: gastropoda) species from different locations in Barbados, W. l. by Geoffrey Richard Chislett The growth, breeding, and feeding of N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tesselata were studied at contrasting locations on the rocky shores of Barbados. The growth of aIl three species was found to be more rapid at the more sheltered station on the north west of the island. lnterspecific growth rates were as follows: N. peloronta grew fastest, with N. versicolor next, and N. tesselata slowest. There appeared to be no significant seasonal variations in growth ra te. AlI three species were shown to breed aIl year, with marked increaaesand decreases. Available moisture appeared to be an influencing factor. There was no correlation of breeding cycles in any of the species between the two stations. Sex ratios were calculated also. 1 Feeding studies showed that the- animaIs at the more sheltered station apparently were able to begin feeding sooner :i than at the more exposed station; also feeding seemed to be " restricted mainly to the night time. Zoology Department ; :Master of Science t ~;\ Comparison of sorne ecological aspects of three Nerita species. CHISLETT COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF THREE NERITA (MOLLUSCA:GASTROPODA) SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN BARBADOS. W. :r. by Geoffrey Richard Chislett A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Zoology Depàrtment McGill University Montreal. June 1969. \ ® Geoffrey Richard Chislett 1970 " - 11 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS l should likë to thank Dr. J.B. Lewis of the Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University in Barbados for his help in directing this project. l am also grateful to Dr. P. Grant of the Zoology Department, McGill University for advice on statistical procedures and the use of his computer programme. Dr. H. Tyson and Dr. J. Stanley of the Genetics Department also provided valuable advice on statistical procedures. Thanks is also due to Mr. A. Richards of Bellairs for his help in surveying the three stations used in this study. Finally l am indebted to my wife for unfailing help and encouragement, and also for the typing of the thesis. This research project was supported by grant NONR 4939(00) from the Office of Naval Researc~, Washington, D.C., to Dr. J.B. Lewis. - iii - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS •.. .. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. ii LIST OF FIGURES ••••••••••••••• . .. .. .. .. iv LIST OF TABLES ••••••••••••••• .. .. .. .. .. .. vi PREFACE •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 PART 1. FIELD STATIONS Little Bay......................... 3 Harrison's Lighthouse.............. 3 South Point........................ 5 Il. ENVIRO~ŒNTAL OBSERVATIONS Microclimate Data.................. 12 Weather Station Data............... 12 Ill. GROWTH Introduction ••• ,................... 16 ~~terials and Methods.............. 20 Results............................ 24 Discussion......................... 31 IV. BREEDING Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Materials and Methode •••••••••••••• 40 Re sul ts ........................... 43 Discussion •••••••• .. .. .. .. 55 V. FEE DING Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 Materials and Methods •••••••••••••• 62 Re sul ts ........................... 64 Discussion •••.• .. .. .. .. 68 Vl. SUJ'illVLARY •• . .. .. .. .. 70 BIBLIOGR~PHY •••.••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 72 - iv - LIST OF .FIGURES FIGURES -PAGE 1. Map of Barbados showing stations and wind rose.............................. 4 2. Photograph, map, and profile of station at Little Bay ••.••.•••••••••••.•••••••• 6 & 7 Photograph, map, and profile of station at South Point ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 & 9 4. Photograph, map, and profile of station at Harrison's Lighthouse •••••••••••••••• 10 & 11 Hourly means of microclimate observations in the intertidal zone ••••••••••••••••• 14 6. Means of five environmental parameters measured throughout the year at Little Bay, South Point, and Harrison's Ligh thouse •.....•............••.••.•.•. 15 Photograph of a tagged specimen of N. peloronta showing axis along which growth measurements were taken ••••••••• 21 8. Manzer and Taylor plot for~. peloronta representing growth rate for a one year period ••..••.•.••••.••.••••••••••• 26 Manzer and Taylor plot for N. versicolor representing growth rate for a one year period............................ 27 10. Manzer and Taylor plot for N. tesselata representing growth rate for a six month period........................... 28 11. Manzer and Taylor plots for N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tessëlata. Regression lines represent monthly growth rates........................... 30 12. Breeding cycles for the three Nerita species from Little Bay and South Point. 48 13. Correlation between percentages of N. peloronta in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point ••••••••••• 50 - v - FIGURE PAGE 14. Correlation between percentages of N. versicolor in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point •••••••• 52 15. Correlation between percentages of N. tesselata in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point •••••••• 53 16. Photographs and diagram of copulating Nerita ......................•.....•.• 54 17. Histograms showing percentages of animaIs in two stomach fullness classes froID Harrison's Lighthouse and Little Bay ••••••••••••••••••••••• 65 -vi- LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Coefficients of regression lines representing monthly growth rates for the three Nerita species at both Harrison's Lighthouse and Li ttle Bay ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 2. Chi-square values and levels of significance on high and low values of breeding graphs •••••••••••••• 47 Chi-square values and significance levels of sex ratios ••••••••••••••••••• 49 4. Chi-square values and levels of significance of intraspecific stomach fullness classes frolIt:the same stations.......................... 66 5. Chi-square values and levels of significance of intraspecific stomach fullness classes from different stations..................... 67 - 1 - PREFACE The genus Nerita, fami1y Neritidae, be10ngs to the group • Neritacea which is the most high1y developed group of the diotocardian gastropod mo11uscs. Nerita pe1oronta was first described by Linnaeus in 1758, and Nerita versicolor and Nerita tesselata by Gmelin in 1791. Warmke and Abbott (1961) have given brief morpho1ogical descriptions of these three species, with mentions of their range and habitat. Boume (1908) has provided detailed anatomical descriptions of several members of the Neritidae including some species of Nerita. The geographical distribution, according to Russell (1941), for N. peloronta and N. versicolor extends from south Florida and the Bahamas, through the West Indian archipelago and Central and South America, as far as Para, Brazil. N. tesse1ata is found only as far south as Trinidad. Several ecologica1 studies have been done on species of Nerita. Suzuki (1935), working with Nerita japonica, studied the effect of water leve1 on rheotaxis, geotaxis, and phototaxis. Russell (1941), as weIl as describing geographica1 distribution, also reported on the genera1 ecology of the recent Neritidae of the western Atlantic. Mattox (1949) also studied the effects of drying on N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tesselata in Puerto Rico. Zonation studies were performed on Nerit~ species by Stephenson and Stephenson (1950) in the Florida Keys, and by Voss and Voss (1960) in Bimini. Lewis (1960,) described the zonation of Nerita in Barbados. He a1so discussed the spawning - 2 - activity and larval development of the three resident Nerita species. Lewis (1963) also measured environmental and tissue temperatures of N. tesselata in Barbados. Kolipinski (1964) reported on the growth, life history, and ecology of four species of Nerita in south east Florida. Zhirmunskii ~dTs'u Li-Ts'ung (1964) measured the heat resistance of sympatric species of Nerita. McLean (1961) studied the erosive activity of intertidal animals, including Nerita, on beach rock in Barbados. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth, breeding, and feeding of the three species of Nerita endemic to Barbados, in contrasting locations. A study similar to this, as yet unpublished, has also been conducted in Jamaica, some thousand miles to the north-west of Barbados. Growth and feeding data were co11ected from the Little Bay and Harrison's Lighthouse stations, and breeding data from Little Bay and South Point. Several environmental parameters were monitored from the three stations, and microclimate data were recorded from Little Bay and Harrison's Lighthouse. These are discussed more fully in a later section. This project is part of a more comprehensive long_duration study of the ecology of intertidal communities throughout the West Indies. - 3 - 1- FIELD STATIONS Three stations were chosen for this study: Little Bay, Harrison's Lighthouse, and South Point (Fig. 1). AlI stations were surveyed using a standard surveyor's staff and a Zeiss surveyor's level, from which the maps and profiles of Figs. 2, 3, and 4 were drawn. Little Bay: The Little Bay station was similar to the station described by Axelsen (1968), and the River Bay station described by Lewis (1960 ). This station wes exposed to the prevailing north-easterly and easterly winds, and wes subjected to heavy wave action particularly during the winter months (Sailing Directions for the West Indies 1949). The .area used in this study wes approximately
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