DOCSLIB.ORG

ABS TRAC T Comparative Aspects of the Ecology of Three Nerita (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Species from Different Locations in Barbados, W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ABS TRAC T Comparative aspects of the ecology of three Nerita (mollusca: gastropoda) species from different locations in Barbados, W. l. by Geoffrey Richard Chislett The growth, breeding, and feeding of N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tesselata were studied at contrasting locations on the rocky shores of Barbados. The growth of aIl three species was found to be more rapid at the more sheltered station on the north west of the island. lnterspecific growth rates were as follows: N. peloronta grew fastest, with N. versicolor next, and N. tesselata slowest. There appeared to be no significant seasonal variations in growth ra te. AlI three species were shown to breed aIl year, with marked increaaesand decreases. Available moisture appeared to be an influencing factor. There was no correlation of breeding cycles in any of the species between the two stations. Sex ratios were calculated also. 1 Feeding studies showed that the- animaIs at the more sheltered station apparently were able to begin feeding sooner :i than at the more exposed station; also feeding seemed to be " restricted mainly to the night time. Zoology Department ; :Master of Science t ~;\ Comparison of sorne ecological aspects of three Nerita species. CHISLETT COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF THREE NERITA (MOLLUSCA:GASTROPODA) SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN BARBADOS. W. :r. by Geoffrey Richard Chislett A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Zoology Depàrtment McGill University Montreal. June 1969. \ ® Geoffrey Richard Chislett 1970 " - 11 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS l should likë to thank Dr. J.B. Lewis of the Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University in Barbados for his help in directing this project. l am also grateful to Dr. P. Grant of the Zoology Department, McGill University for advice on statistical procedures and the use of his computer programme. Dr. H. Tyson and Dr. J. Stanley of the Genetics Department also provided valuable advice on statistical procedures. Thanks is also due to Mr. A. Richards of Bellairs for his help in surveying the three stations used in this study. Finally l am indebted to my wife for unfailing help and encouragement, and also for the typing of the thesis. This research project was supported by grant NONR 4939(00) from the Office of Naval Researc~, Washington, D.C., to Dr. J.B. Lewis. - iii - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS •.. .. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. ii LIST OF FIGURES ••••••••••••••• . .. .. .. .. iv LIST OF TABLES ••••••••••••••• .. .. .. .. .. .. vi PREFACE •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 PART 1. FIELD STATIONS Little Bay......................... 3 Harrison's Lighthouse.............. 3 South Point........................ 5 Il. ENVIRO~ŒNTAL OBSERVATIONS Microclimate Data.................. 12 Weather Station Data............... 12 Ill. GROWTH Introduction ••• ,................... 16 ~~terials and Methods.............. 20 Results............................ 24 Discussion......................... 31 IV. BREEDING Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Materials and Methode •••••••••••••• 40 Re sul ts ........................... 43 Discussion •••••••• .. .. .. .. 55 V. FEE DING Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 Materials and Methods •••••••••••••• 62 Re sul ts ........................... 64 Discussion •••.• .. .. .. .. 68 Vl. SUJ'illVLARY •• . .. .. .. .. 70 BIBLIOGR~PHY •••.••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 72 - iv - LIST OF .FIGURES FIGURES -PAGE 1. Map of Barbados showing stations and wind rose.............................. 4 2. Photograph, map, and profile of station at Little Bay ••.••.•••••••••••.•••••••• 6 & 7 Photograph, map, and profile of station at South Point ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 & 9 4. Photograph, map, and profile of station at Harrison's Lighthouse •••••••••••••••• 10 & 11 Hourly means of microclimate observations in the intertidal zone ••••••••••••••••• 14 6. Means of five environmental parameters measured throughout the year at Little Bay, South Point, and Harrison's Ligh thouse •.....•............••.••.•.•. 15 Photograph of a tagged specimen of N. peloronta showing axis along which growth measurements were taken ••••••••• 21 8. Manzer and Taylor plot for~. peloronta representing growth rate for a one year period ••..••.•.••••.••.••••••••••• 26 Manzer and Taylor plot for N. versicolor representing growth rate for a one year period............................ 27 10. Manzer and Taylor plot for N. tesselata representing growth rate for a six month period........................... 28 11. Manzer and Taylor plots for N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tessëlata. Regression lines represent monthly growth rates........................... 30 12. Breeding cycles for the three Nerita species from Little Bay and South Point. 48 13. Correlation between percentages of N. peloronta in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point ••••••••••• 50 - v - FIGURE PAGE 14. Correlation between percentages of N. versicolor in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point •••••••• 52 15. Correlation between percentages of N. tesselata in spawning condition at Little Bay and South Point •••••••• 53 16. Photographs and diagram of copulating Nerita ......................•.....•.• 54 17. Histograms showing percentages of animaIs in two stomach fullness classes froID Harrison's Lighthouse and Little Bay ••••••••••••••••••••••• 65 -vi- LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Coefficients of regression lines representing monthly growth rates for the three Nerita species at both Harrison's Lighthouse and Li ttle Bay ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 2. Chi-square values and levels of significance on high and low values of breeding graphs •••••••••••••• 47 Chi-square values and significance levels of sex ratios ••••••••••••••••••• 49 4. Chi-square values and levels of significance of intraspecific stomach fullness classes frolIt:the same stations.......................... 66 5. Chi-square values and levels of significance of intraspecific stomach fullness classes from different stations..................... 67 - 1 - PREFACE The genus Nerita, fami1y Neritidae, be10ngs to the group • Neritacea which is the most high1y developed group of the diotocardian gastropod mo11uscs. Nerita pe1oronta was first described by Linnaeus in 1758, and Nerita versicolor and Nerita tesselata by Gmelin in 1791. Warmke and Abbott (1961) have given brief morpho1ogical descriptions of these three species, with mentions of their range and habitat. Boume (1908) has provided detailed anatomical descriptions of several members of the Neritidae including some species of Nerita. The geographical distribution, according to Russell (1941), for N. peloronta and N. versicolor extends from south Florida and the Bahamas, through the West Indian archipelago and Central and South America, as far as Para, Brazil. N. tesse1ata is found only as far south as Trinidad. Several ecologica1 studies have been done on species of Nerita. Suzuki (1935), working with Nerita japonica, studied the effect of water leve1 on rheotaxis, geotaxis, and phototaxis. Russell (1941), as weIl as describing geographica1 distribution, also reported on the genera1 ecology of the recent Neritidae of the western Atlantic. Mattox (1949) also studied the effects of drying on N. peloronta, N. versicolor, and N. tesselata in Puerto Rico. Zonation studies were performed on Nerit~ species by Stephenson and Stephenson (1950) in the Florida Keys, and by Voss and Voss (1960) in Bimini. Lewis (1960,) described the zonation of Nerita in Barbados. He a1so discussed the spawning - 2 - activity and larval development of the three resident Nerita species. Lewis (1963) also measured environmental and tissue temperatures of N. tesselata in Barbados. Kolipinski (1964) reported on the growth, life history, and ecology of four species of Nerita in south east Florida. Zhirmunskii ~dTs'u Li-Ts'ung (1964) measured the heat resistance of sympatric species of Nerita. McLean (1961) studied the erosive activity of intertidal animals, including Nerita, on beach rock in Barbados. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth, breeding, and feeding of the three species of Nerita endemic to Barbados, in contrasting locations. A study similar to this, as yet unpublished, has also been conducted in Jamaica, some thousand miles to the north-west of Barbados. Growth and feeding data were co11ected from the Little Bay and Harrison's Lighthouse stations, and breeding data from Little Bay and South Point. Several environmental parameters were monitored from the three stations, and microclimate data were recorded from Little Bay and Harrison's Lighthouse. These are discussed more fully in a later section. This project is part of a more comprehensive long_duration study of the ecology of intertidal communities throughout the West Indies. - 3 - 1- FIELD STATIONS Three stations were chosen for this study: Little Bay, Harrison's Lighthouse, and South Point (Fig. 1). AlI stations were surveyed using a standard surveyor's staff and a Zeiss surveyor's level, from which the maps and profiles of Figs. 2, 3, and 4 were drawn. Little Bay: The Little Bay station was similar to the station described by Axelsen (1968), and the River Bay station described by Lewis (1960 ). This station wes exposed to the prevailing north-easterly and easterly winds, and wes subjected to heavy wave action particularly during the winter months (Sailing Directions for the West Indies 1949). The .area used in this study wes approximately
Recommended publications
  • Hatching Plasticity in the Tropical Gastropod Nerita Scabricosta

    Hatching Plasticity in the Tropical Gastropod Nerita Scabricosta

    Invertebrate Biology x(x): 1–10. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12119 Hatching plasticity in the tropical gastropod Nerita scabricosta Rachel Collin,a Karah Erin Roof, and Abby Spangler Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092 Balboa, Panama Abstract. Hatching plasticity has been documented in diverse terrestrial and freshwater taxa, but in few marine invertebrates. Anecdotal observations over the last 80 years have suggested that intertidal neritid snails may produce encapsulated embryos able to signifi- cantly delay hatching. The cause for delays and the cues that trigger hatching are unknown, but temperature, salinity, and wave action have been suggested to play a role. We followed individual egg capsules of Nerita scabricosta in 16 tide pools to document the variation in natural time to hatching and to determine if large delays in hatching occur in the field. Hatching occurred after about 30 d and varied significantly among tide pools in the field. Average time to hatching in each pool was not correlated with presence of potential preda- tors, temperature, salinity, or pool size. We also compared hatching time between egg cap- sules in the field to those kept in the laboratory at a constant temperature in motionless water, and to those kept in the laboratory with sudden daily water motion and temperature changes. There was no significant difference in the hatching rate between the two laboratory treatments, but capsules took, on average, twice as long to hatch in the laboratory as in the field.
  • Shell Classification – Using Family Plates

    Shell Classification – Using Family Plates

    Shell Classification USING FAMILY PLATES YEAR SEVEN STUDENTS Introduction In the following activity you and your class can use the same techniques as Queensland Museum The Queensland Museum Network has about scientists to classify organisms. 2.5 million biological specimens, and these items form the Biodiversity collections. Most specimens are from Activity: Identifying Queensland shells by family. Queensland’s terrestrial and marine provinces, but These 20 plates show common Queensland shells some are from adjacent Indo-Pacific regions. A smaller from 38 different families, and can be used for a range number of exotic species have also been acquired for of activities both in and outside the classroom. comparative purposes. The collection steadily grows Possible uses of this resource include: as our inventory of the region’s natural resources becomes more comprehensive. • students finding shells and identifying what family they belong to This collection helps scientists: • students determining what features shells in each • identify and name species family share • understand biodiversity in Australia and around • students comparing families to see how they differ. the world All shells shown on the following plates are from the • study evolution, connectivity and dispersal Queensland Museum Biodiversity Collection. throughout the Indo-Pacific • keep track of invasive and exotic species. Many of the scientists who work at the Museum specialise in taxonomy, the science of describing and naming species. In fact, Queensland Museum scientists
  • Checklist of Marine Gastropods Around Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), West Coast of India Ambekar AA1*, Priti Kubal1, Sivaperumal P2 and Chandra Prakash1

    Checklist of Marine Gastropods Around Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), West Coast of India Ambekar AA1*, Priti Kubal1, Sivaperumal P2 and Chandra Prakash1

    www.symbiosisonline.org Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com ISSN Online: 2475-4706 Research Article International Journal of Marine Biology and Research Open Access Checklist of Marine Gastropods around Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), West Coast of India Ambekar AA1*, Priti Kubal1, Sivaperumal P2 and Chandra Prakash1 1ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai - 400061 2Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603 203 Received: July 30, 2018; Accepted: August 10, 2018; Published: September 04, 2018 *Corresponding author: Ambekar AA, Senior Research Fellow, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: [email protected] The change in spatial scale often supposed to alter the Abstract The present study was carried out to assess the marine gastropods checklist around ecologically importance area of Tarapur atomic diversity pattern, in the sense that an increased in scale could power station intertidal area. In three tidal zone areas, quadrate provide more resources to species and that promote an increased sampling method was adopted and the intertidal marine gastropods arein diversity interlinks [9]. for Inthe case study of invertebratesof morphological the secondand ecological largest group on earth is Mollusc [7]. Intertidal molluscan communities parameters of water and sediments are also done. A total of 51 were collected and identified up to species level. Physico chemical convergence between geographically and temporally isolated family dominant it composed 20% followed by Neritidae (12%), intertidal gastropods species were identified; among them Muricidae communities [13].
  • The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi

    The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi

    Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1961 The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi Donald R. Moore Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Recommended Citation Moore, D. R. 1961. The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi. Gulf Research Reports 1 (1): 1-58. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol1/iss1/1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0101.01 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf Research Reports Volume 1, Number 1 Ocean Springs, Mississippi April, 1961 A JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY TO PUBLICATION OF THE DATA OF THE MARINE SCIENCES, CHIEFLY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND ADJACENT WATERS. GORDON GUNTER, Editor Published by the GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY Ocean Springs, Mississippi SHAUGHNESSY PRINTING CO.. EILOXI, MISS. 0 U c x 41 f 4 21 3 a THE MARINE AND BRACKISH WATER MOLLUSCA of the STATE OF MISSISSIPPI Donald R. Moore GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY and DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, MISSISSIPPI SOUTHERN COLLEGE I -1- TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... Page 3 Historical Account ........................................ Page 3 Procedure of Work ....................................... Page 4 Description of the Mississippi Coast ....................... Page 5 The Physical Environment ................................ Page '7 List of Mississippi Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca . Page 11 Discussion of Species ...................................... Page 17 Supplementary Note .....................................
  • The Fossil Record of Shell-Breaking Predation on Marine Bivalves and Gastropods

    The Fossil Record of Shell-Breaking Predation on Marine Bivalves and Gastropods

    Chapter 6 The Fossil Record of Shell-Breaking Predation on Marine Bivalves and Gastropods RICHARD R. ALEXANDER and GREGORY P. DIETL I. Introduction 141 2. Durophages of Bivalves and Gastropods 142 3. Trends in Antipredatory Morphology in Space and Time .. 145 4. Predatory and Non-Predatory Sublethal Shell Breakage 155 5. Calculation ofRepair Frequencies and Prey Effectiveness 160 6. Prey Species-, Size-, and Site-Selectivity by Durophages 164 7. Repair Frequencies by Time, Latitude, and Habitat.. 166 8. Concluding Remarks 170 References 170 1. Introduction Any treatment of durophagous (shell-breaking) predation on bivalves and gastropods through geologic time must address the molluscivore's signature preserved in the victim's skeleton. Pre-ingestive breakage or crushing is only one of four methods of molluscivory (Vermeij, 1987; Harper and Skelton, 1993), the others being whole­ organism ingestion, insertion and extraction, and boring. Other authors in this volume treat the last behavior, whereas whole-organism ingestion, and insertion and extraction, however common, are unlikely to leave preservable evidence. Bivalve and gastropod ecologists and paleoecologists reconstruct predator-prey relationships based primarily on two, although not equally useful, categories of pre-ingestive breakage, namely lethal and sublethal (repaired) damage. Peeling crabs may leave incriminating serrated, helical RICHARD R. ALEXANDER • Department of Geological and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, 08648-3099. GREGORY P. DIETL. Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7617. Predator-Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record, edited by Patricia H. Kelley, Michal Kowalewski, and Thor A. Hansen. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003. 141 142 Chapter 6 fractures in whorls of high-spired gastropods (Bishop, 1975), but unfortunately most lethal fractures are far less diagnostic of the causal agent and often indistinguishable from abiotically induced, taphonomic agents ofshell degradation.
  • Intertidal Zonation of Two Gastropods, Nerita Plicata and Morula Granulata, in Moorea, French Polynesia

    Intertidal Zonation of Two Gastropods, Nerita Plicata and Morula Granulata, in Moorea, French Polynesia

    INTERTIDAL ZONATION OF TWO GASTROPODS, NERITA PLICATA AND MORULA GRANULATA, IN MOOREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA VANESSA R. WORMSER Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Intertidal zonation of organisms is a key factor in ecological community structure and the existence of fundamental and realized niches. The zonation of two species of gastropods, Nerita plicata and Morula granulata were investigated using field observations and lab experimentation. The Nerita plicata were found on the upper limits of the intertidal zone while the Morula granulata were found on the lower limits. The distribution of each species was observed and the possible causes of this zonation were examined. Three main factors, desiccation, flow resistance and shell size were tested for their zonation. In the field, shell measurements of each species were made to see if a vertical shell size gradient existed; the results showed an upshore shell size gradient for each species. In the lab, experiments were run to see if the zonation preference found in the field existed in the lab as well. This experiment confirmed that a zonation between these species does in fact exist. Additional experiments were run to test desiccation and flow resistance between each species. A difference in desiccation rates and flow resistance were found with the Nerita plicata being more resistant to both flow and desiccation. The findings of this study provide an understanding on why zonation between these two species could exist as well as why zonation is important within an intertidal community and ecosystems as a whole. Key words: community structure; gastropod; zonation; intertidal; morphometrics; Morula granulata; Nerita plicata; Mo’orea, French Polynesia; INTRODUCTION The main goal of an ecological survey is to because of the high species diversity, the explore and understand the key dynamic convenience of the habitat as well as the easy relationships among organisms living in a collection of the sessile organisms that inhabit community (Elton 1966).
  • MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY of the NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA: NERITIMORPHA) BASED on the MITOCHONDRIAL GENES CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) and 16S Rrna

    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY of the NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA: NERITIMORPHA) BASED on the MITOCHONDRIAL GENES CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) and 16S Rrna

    ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA Artículo de investigación MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA: NERITIMORPHA) BASED ON THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENES CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) AND 16S rRNA Filogenia molecular de la familia Neritidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) con base en los genes mitocondriales citocromo oxidasa I (COI) y 16S rRNA JULIAN QUINTERO-GALVIS 1, Biólogo; LYDA RAQUEL CASTRO 1,2 , Ph. D. 1 Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular. INTROPIC. Universidad del Magdalena. Carrera 32# 22 - 08. Santa Marta, Colombia. [email protected]. 2 Programa Biología. Universidad del Magdalena. Laboratorio 2. Carrera 32 # 22 - 08. Sector San Pedro Alejandrino. Santa Marta, Colombia. Tel.: (57 5) 430 12 92, ext. 273. [email protected]. Corresponding author: [email protected]. Presentado el 15 de abril de 2013, aceptado el 18 de junio de 2013, correcciones el 26 de junio de 2013. ABSTRACT The family Neritidae has representatives in tropical and subtropical regions that occur in a variety of environments, and its known fossil record dates back to the late Cretaceous. However there have been few studies of molecular phylogeny in this family. We performed a phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Neritidae using the COI (722 bp) and the 16S rRNA (559 bp) regions of the mitochondrial genome. Neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference were performed. The best phylogenetic reconstruction was obtained using the COI region, and we consider it an appropriate marker for phylogenetic studies within the group. Consensus analysis (COI +16S rRNA) generally obtained the same tree topologies and confirmed that the genus Nerita is monophyletic. The consensus analysis using parsimony recovered a monophyletic group consisting of the genera Neritina , Septaria , Theodoxus , Puperita , and Clithon , while in the Bayesian analyses Theodoxus is separated from the other genera.
  • Shelled Molluscs

    Shelled Molluscs

    Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.
  • Molluscs Gastropods

    Molluscs Gastropods

    Group/Genus/Species Family/Common Name Code SHELL FISHES MOLLUSCS GASTROPODS Dentalium Dentaliidae 4500 D . elephantinum Elephant Tusk Shell 4501 D . javanum 4502 D. aprinum 4503 D. tomlini 4504 D. mannarense 450A D. elpis 450B D. formosum Formosan Tusk Shell 450C Haliotis Haliotidae 4505 H. varia Variable Abalone 4506 H. rufescens Red Abalone 4507 H. clathrata Lovely Abalone 4508 H. diversicolor Variously Coloured Abalone 4509 H. asinina Donkey'S Ear Abalone 450G H. planata Planate Abalone 450H H. squamata Scaly Abalone 450J Cellana Nacellidae 4510 C. radiata radiata Rayed Wheel Limpet 4511 C. radiata cylindrica Rayed Wheel Limpet 4512 C. testudinaria Common Turtle Limpet 4513 Diodora Fissurellidae 4515 D. clathrata Key-Hole Limpets 4516 D. lima 4517 D. funiculata Funiculata Limpet 4518 D. singaporensis Singapore Key-Hole Limpet 4519 D. lentiginosa 451A D. ticaonica 451B D. subquadrata 451C Page 1 of 15 Group/Genus/Species Family/Common Name Code D. pileopsoides 451D Trochus Trochidae 4520 T. radiatus Radiate Top 4521 T. pustulosus 4522 T. stellatus Stellate Trochus 4523 T. histrio 4524 T. maculatus Maculated Top 452A T. niloticus Commercial Top 452B Umbonium Trochidae 4525 U. vestiarium Common Button Top 4526 Turbo Turbinidae 4530 T. marmoratus Great Green Turban 4531 T. intercostalis Ribbed Turban Snail 4532 T. brunneus Brown Pacific Turban 4533 T. argyrostomus Silver-Mouth Turban 4534 T. petholatus Cat'S Eye Turban 453A Nerita Neritidae 4535 N. chamaeleon Chameleon Nerite 4536 N. albicilla Ox-Palate Nerite 4537 N. polita Polished Nerite 4538 N. plicata Plicate Nerite 4539 N. undata Waved Nerite 453E Littorina Littorinidae 4540 L. scabra Rough Periwinkle 4541 L.
  • Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico

    Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico

    United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
  • Zooarchaeology of Cinnamon Bay, St. John, Us Virgin Islands

    Zooarchaeology of Cinnamon Bay, St. John, Us Virgin Islands

    Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2003) 44(1): 131 -158 131 ZOOARCHAEOLOGY OF CINNAMON BAY, ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS: PRE-COLUMBIAN OVEREXPLOITATION OF ANIMAL RESOURCES Irvy R. Quitmyeri The zooarchaeological remains from a stratigraphic sequence excavated from the ceremonial site of Cinnamon Bay, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, were studied. The samples were recovered using a fine-gauge (1/16 in) screen. During the course of this study, 443 minimum numbers of individuals and 99 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were identified. The fauna was analyzed by estimating the trophic level of reef, inshore, and pelagic zooarchaeological components from three strata representing the Monserrate (ca. A.D. 950), Santa Elena (ca. A.D. 570), and Chican (ca. A.D. 460) ceramic periods. The trophic level model shows an initial increase in the trophic level of taxa from the reef between the Monserrate and Santa Elena periods. This initial increase corresponds to the exponential growth of midden density. Relative to the earlier faunal assemblages, midden density and the mean trophic level of reef resources declines during the Chican period. Greater reliance on pelagic species from the deeper waters offshore and the increased use of mollusks from inshore habitats is also seen. The data show that at low levels of cultural complexity humans can alter their environments. This is particularly true of island biota where biological reservoirs are small. Key words: candy, Caribbean, island biogeography, trophic level, zooarchaeology This chapter presents a study of well-recovered Caribbean pre-Columbian people is not well zooarchaeological remains from the Cinnamon Bay site understood and should be considered in its formative (12Vam-2-3), St.
  • Temperature and Relative Humidity Effects on Water Loss and Hemolymph Osmolality of Littoraria Angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)

    Temperature and Relative Humidity Effects on Water Loss and Hemolymph Osmolality of Littoraria Angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)

    University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV UTB/UTPA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Legacy Institution Collections 4-2014 Temperature and relative humidity effects on water loss and hemolymph osmolality of Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822) Phillip J. Rose The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/leg_etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Recommended Citation Rose, Phillip J., "Temperature and relative humidity effects on water loss and hemolymph osmolality of Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)" (2014). UTB/UTPA Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 39. https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/leg_etd/39 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Legacy Institution Collections at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UTB/UTPA Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Temperature and Relative Humidity Effects on Water Loss and Hemolymph Osmolality of Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Science, Mathematics and Technology University of Texas at Brownsville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In the field of Biology by Phillip J. Rose April 2014 Copyright By Phillip J. Rose April 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and especially thank the many people who assisted and/or contributed to this project in some way, shape, or form…………..and there were many! First, I would like to say a big thank you to the thesis committee comprised of Dr.