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Perry's Victory and International Peace National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Department of the Interior Midwest Archeological Center Lincoln, Nebraska Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial, The 1993 Park-wide Archeological Survey of South Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio By Rose E. Pennington 2015 Archeological Report 8 PERRY’S VICTORY AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE MEMORIAL, THE 1993 PARK-WIDE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH BASS ISLAND, OTTAWA COUNTY, OHIO By Rose E. Pennington Archeological Report 8 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Midwest Archeological Center United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Midwest Archeological Center Lincoln, Nebraska 2015 This report has been reviewed against the criteria contained in 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A, Section 7.18 (a) (1) and, upon recommendation of the Midwest Regional Office and the Midwest Archeological Center, has been classified as AVAILABLE Making the report available meets the criteria of 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A, Section 7.18 (a) (1). ABSTRACT During early May, 1993, personnel from the Midwest Archeological Center conducted a park-wide archeological survey of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial (PEVI) on South Bass Island, Ottawa County, Ohio. Much of PEVI’s 10.15 hectares (25.38 acres) rest on a heavily filled and graded tombolo, and a small portion of the park had been surveyed previously. For this reason, the 1993 investigations surveyed only a total of 5.6 hectares (14 acres). The artifact yield was low and much of the project area was found to have been previously disturbed by grading. However, one historic site was discovered. A small test trench was excavated in order to explore a structural foundation uncovered to the northeast of the memorial column. Apparently this foundation was associated with the late-nineteenth-century Mary Lockwood estate, a substantial house and vineyard depicted in extant photographs dating to the construction of the memorial column in 1912-1913. This foundation was recorded as site 33OT244 in the Ohio Archaeological Inventory (OAI). Additionally, this report includes a brief discussion of an unmonitored backhoe trench that was excavated for the purpose of installing a new sewer line segment in the west end of the park. This survey noted evidence for the presence of an historic midden near the north seawall. The circa 1890s-1920s artifacts recovered from the backhoe trench suggest that a redeposited portion of the Put-in-Bay town dump may have been used as fill over the tombolo in this area. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As is generally the case in archeological proceedings, the following report results not from the effort of one individual, but rather from the efforts of several individuals working together. Superintendent Richard Lusardi and his staff were instrumental in facilitating our research efforts. I would particularly like to thank Gerry Altoff, Chief of Interpretation, and Martin O’Toole, Lead Park Ranger, for their assistance in our investigations. Gratitude is also extended to Jeanne Burgess, Secretary, and Vivian Ladd, Administrative Technician, for their efforts on behalf of the crew. I am grateful to my field crew, Supervisory Archeologist Jeff Richner, and Archeological Technician Todd Ahlman, for their dedication and good humor in slogging through a wet Ohio spring. Thanks are also owed to the clerical support base in Lincoln, including Liz Glocker, Joyce Hawthorne, Theora McVay, and Linda Zumpfe. Preliminary processing of artifacts was performed by a laboratory crew under the direction of Forrest Frost. Special thanks to Karen Archey for her assistance in generating the tables for this report, and to Tim Meade for processing the sewer line artifacts. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .........................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. v Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Historical Background ...................................................................................................... 1 Establishment of the Memorial ....................................................................................... 3 1993 Archeological Investigations ................................................................................... 5 Environmental Setting ............................................................................................................... 5 Glacial Geology, Topography, and Soils .......................................................................... 5 Flora and Fauna ................................................................................................................. 6 Land Use History and Setting .......................................................................................... 7 Historic Land Use ..................................................................................................... 7 Current Setting: Structures and Buildings ............................................................. 8 Previous Archeological Investigation ....................................................................................... 8 1992 Project Area ............................................................................................................... 8 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 8 Results ................................................................................................................................. 9 Interpretation ..................................................................................................................... 9 The 1993 Archeological Investigation .................................................................................... 10 1993 Project Area .............................................................................................................. 10 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 10 Area 1 ......................................................................................................................... 10 iii Area 2 ......................................................................................................................... 11 Area 3 ......................................................................................................................... 12 Results ................................................................................................................................ 13 Area 1 ......................................................................................................................... 13 House Depression at Site 1 (33OT244) ........................................................ 13 Area 2 ......................................................................................................................... 14 Area 3 ......................................................................................................................... 15 Interpretation .................................................................................................................... 15 The 1993 Sewer Line Trench ................................................................................................... 16 Summary and Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 17 Park-wide Survey .............................................................................................................. 17 Site 1 (33OT244) ...................................................................................................... 17 Sewer Line Trench ............................................................................................................ 18 References Cited ........................................................................................................................ 19 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................ 35 Appendix B ................................................................................................................................. 37 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Project Area in Northern Ohio. ............................................................................... 21 Figure 2. South Bass Island and Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial ......................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3. The 1992 Survey Zone in the Housing and Maintenance Development Area .................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4. The 1993 Survey Zone Showing Extant and Former Structures; Areas 1, 2, and 3; and the Shovel Test Grids ........................................................................... 25 Figure 5. The locations of all structures, standing and removed......................................... 27 Figure 6. Plan and
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