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Chris Butler Mifa Archaeological Services Ltd

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Chris Butler Mifa Archaeological Services Ltd Chris Butler MIfA Archaeological Services Ltd A Desk-based Assessment at Harbour Primary School, Church Hill, Newhaven, East Sussex Project No. CBAS0395 LW/3148/CC by Chris Butler June 2013 Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven Summary An archaeological Desk-based Assessment has been carried out at Harbour Primary School, Church Hill, Newhaven, where it is proposed to add new extensions to the north and west sides of the existing building. The desk-based assessment has established that there is a high potential for archaeological remains from the Roman, Medieval and Post Medieval periods at the site, which is directly opposite the parish church. The construction of the original school in 1952 almost certainly had a significant impact on the site, and any archaeological remains that may have been present. Prior to the construction of the new school in 1994 an evaluation excavation found the site to be heavily disturbed and no archaeological finds or features were observed. The construction of the new school in 1996 has had an enormous impact on the site, with the cut and fill terracing of the school, its playing field and car park/playground onto three levels. It is therefore likely that a large proportion of the already disturbed site will have had any surviving archaeological remains removed by the cutting of terraces, or buried under made ground. In conclusion, due to the past impacts and the limited impact of the new extensions, together with the negative results of the previous evaluation excavation, it is recommended that no further archaeological intervention or monitoring is carried out at the site. Chris Butler MIfA Archaeological Services Ltd Rosedale Berwick, Polegate East Sussex BN26 6TB Tel & fax: 01323 811785 e mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cbasltd.co.uk Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven Contents: Page 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Objectives & Scope of Report 2 3.0 Methodology 3 4.0 Archaeological & Historical Background 6 5.0 Impact of Development 16 6.0 Conclusions 18 7.0 Acknowledgements 19 Figures: Fig. 1 Site Location Map Fig. 2 Map showing Archaeological Notification Areas Fig. 3 Map showing Conservation Areas Fig. 4 Map showing HER data Fig. 5 17th century Map Fig. 6 Yeakell & Gardner Map 1778-83 Fig. 7 Newhaven Tithe Map Fig. 8 1st Edition OS Map Fig. 9 2nd Edition OS Map Fig. 10 3rd Edition OS Map Fig. 11 4th Edition OS Map Fig. 12 1963 OS Map Fig. 13 Current Site Plan Fig. 14 Development Plan Appendices: Appendix 1 Archaeological Sites Recorded on the HER Appendix 2 Listed Buildings Recorded on the HER Appendix 3 Archaeological Events Recorded on the HER Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven 1. Introduction 1.1 Chris Butler Archaeological Services Ltd has been commissioned by East Sussex County Council to carry out an Archaeological Desk-based Assessment at Harbour Primary School, Church Hill, Newhaven, East Sussex, in order to establish the likely presence and importance of any archaeological remains that may be affected by the proposed construction of a new stand-alone building and small extension (LW/3148/CC). 1.2 The site is located on the north-west side of Church Hill, opposite the Parish Church of St Michael and All Saints, to the west of Newhaven town centre (Fig. 1). The site, centred at TQ 441 011, is a rectangular plot of land within which Harbour Primary School is situated. Harbour Primary School was originally built in 1996 replacing an earlier building (Southdown Junior School) on the same site. 1.3 The site lies in an Archaeological Notification Area (Fig. 2) that covers an area designated to cover the Roman villa building discovered in the 19th century, and the area of the Parish Church, which may have been the location of the medieval village, if it centred around the surviving medieval church. Two other Archaeological Notification Areas are located in Newhaven, with the closest being that around the town centre, also defining an area of Roman settlement. The site is directly opposite the Church Hill Conservation Area which includes the Grade II* Listed church (Fig. 3). 1.4 The site is located on a gentle northeast-facing hill that runs down to meet the River Ouse. Land within the site slopes gently down from c.45m OD at the south end to approximately 34m OD at the north end. The geology of the site, according to the British Geological Survey, comprises Newhaven Chalk1. 1.5 The Extensive Urban Survey (EUS) for Newhaven2 has characterised the site as “being along the medieval Brighton-Newhaven-Seaford road, west of the modern town centre. The location of the pre-18th-century town centre is unknown and it is possible that it was at the centre of the medieval village of Meeching”. The EUS includes the site within Historic Urban Character Area (HUCA) 1 and states that “the combination of the 12th-century church, several 18th and 19th-century buildings and structures, limited survival of boundaries, considerable late 19th and 20th-century development, and moderate archaeological potential give this HUCA a Historic Environment Value (HEV) of 3”. An HEV of 5 is the highest attained measure. 1.6 This report initially covers the objectives and scope of the survey, then discusses the methodology used in the Desk-based Assessment, and then reviews the archaeological heritage of the area. Finally a conclusion assesses the potential impact of the development. 1 http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html 2 Harris, R.B. 2005 Newhaven: Historic Urban Character Report, Sussex Extensive Urban Survey. 1 Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven 2. Objectives & Scope of Report 2.1 The objective of this report is to gain information about the known or potential archaeological resource of the site and its immediate area. This will include information relating to the presence or absence of any archaeology, its character and extent, date, integrity, state of preservation, and the relative quality of the potential archaeological resource. 2.2 This will allow an assessment of the merits of the archaeology in context to be made, leading to the formulation of a strategy for the recording, preservation and management of the resource or, where necessary, the formulation of a strategy for further investigation where the character and value of the resource is not sufficiently defined to permit a mitigation strategy or other response to be defined. 2.3 The report will consider the archaeological resource within a radius of 500m around the site, whilst also taking into account sites further afield where these may be considered to have an impact or relevance to the site in its landscape setting. 2.4 It should be noted that this report can only take into account the existing known archaeology, and by its nature cannot provide a complete record of the archaeological resource of the site. Its intention is to provide an overview of the known archaeology in the area of the site, from which judgements can be made about the potential archaeological resource of the site itself. 2 Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven 3. Methodology 3.1 This Desk-based Assessment has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS 5), the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessment (Institute of Field Archaeologists 2001), and the Standards for Archaeological Fieldwork, Recording and Post Excavation Work in East Sussex (ESCC 2008). 3.2 The research for this Desk-based Assessment has included an analysis of the following resources: ESCC Historic Environment Record (HER ref no 090/13) Historic mapping NMR records East Sussex Record Office (ESRO) Defence of Britain database British Geological Survey Personal & Public library resources 3.3 The following maps were used: c.17th century map ESRO PDA 426/3 Speed (1610) Morden (1695) Kitchen (1750) Bowen (1756) Yeakell & Gardner (1778-83) Cooper (1808) Cole (1808) Moule (1837) 1838 Newhaven Tithe map (ESRO - TD/E/113) 1st Edition OS Map (1874) 2nd Edition OS Map (1899) 3rd Edition OS Map (1910) 4th Edition OS Map (1928) OS Map (1963) No estate map or inclosure map is known to cover the site. Information gained from the map regression exercise is contained in the Post Medieval section below. 3.4 The Archaeological Sites and Listed Buildings recorded within the HER are listed in Appendices 1 and 2 to this report and are mentioned in the text where relevant. The Monuments are shown on Fig. 4. Historical and other sources are given as footnotes as appropriate. A search of aerial photographs held at the National Monuments Records (NMR) was carried out which produced a total of over 200 vertical photos. None were however requested for inspection as development of the site in the second half of the 20th century is well attested through mapping and the short timescale available for the production of this report. 3 Chris Butler MIfA Harbour Primary School, Archaeological Services Ltd Newhaven 3.5 A walkover survey of the site was undertaken on the 11th June 2013. Church Hill is a narrow lane running south-west out of the town centre. The church is situated on the highest ground to the south of the lane, with the embankment around the graveyard retained by a substantial flint built wall (Plate 1). The 18th century Rectory is situated to the west of the church, also on the south side of the lane. The school is situated opposite the church on the north side of the lane, and is surrounded on the north and east sides by more recent housing development, and to the west by a rehabilitation centre based on the Union Workhouse (Plate 2).
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