A Review of the Subspecies of Zegris Eupheme (Lepidoptera, Pieridae

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 26(1): 174–181 23 JUNE 2017

A review of the subspecies of Zegris eupheme (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from the former USSR Обзор подвидов Zegris eupheme (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) на территории бывшего СССР

S.K. KORB

С.К. КОРБ

S.K. Korb, Nizhny Novgorod State Research University, Chair of Zoology, 23A Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603009, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

A brief review of three subspecies of Zegris eupheme (Esper, [1804]) known from the territory of the former USSR is proposed and its diagnostic features are listed. The neotype of Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] and lectotypes of Z. eupheme sulphurea O. Bang- Haas, 1927, Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832 and Papilio eupheme Esper, [1804] are designated. Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] is synonymized to Zegris eupheme erothoe (Eversmann, 1832); Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, 1921 and Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921 are synonymized to Zegris eupheme menestho (Ménétriés, 1832). Проведена краткая ревизия подвидов Zegris eupheme (Esper, [1804]), известных с терри- тории бывшего СССР, и определены их диагностические признаки. Обозначены неотип Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] и лектотипы Papilio eupheme Esper, [1804], Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832 и Z. eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-Haas, 1927. Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] синонимизируется с Zegris eupheme erothoe (Eversmann, 1832); Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, 1921 и Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921 синонимизируются с Zegris eupheme menestho (Ménétriés, 1832). Key words: butterflies, distribution, Pieridae, Zegris, subspecies, primary types, new synonyms Ключевые слова: бабочки, распространение, Pieridae, Zegris, подвиды, номенклатурные типы, новая синонимия

INTRODUCTION lost; no type specimens were found either in the Museum für Naturkunde in Ber- In the recently published book about lin (where one part of Herrich-Schäffer’s butterflies of Europe and Mediterranean Macrolepidoptera collection purchased (Tshikolovets, 2011), the species-group by O. Staudinger is preserved), nor in the taxon Zegris eupheme tschudica Herrich- Zoologisches Staatssammlung in München Schäffer, [1850] has a species rank. This (where another part of collection bought by rank was supported exclusively by exter- J. Bastelberg is now presented). In process nal features, namely by “…more developed of the present work some other type speci- white spots on underside of hindwings…” mens have been found, name-bearing types (Tshikolovets, 2011: 123), which is surely have been designated, and distribution of insufficient for delimitation of the very subspecies have been clarified. variable representatives of the genus Zegris The status and position of subspecies, Boisduval, [1836]. Unfortunately, the type distributed outside the former USSR (uar- material of this taxon has been probably da Hemming, 1929 from North Israel and

Jordan; larseni Pittaway, 1986 from North- Zegris eupheme eupheme (Esper, [1804]) West Saudi Arabia; meridionalis Lederer, (Figs. 1a, b; 3–5, 10, 11) 1852 from Spain; maroccana Bernardi, 1950 from Middle and High Atlas mountain ridg- Papilio eupheme Esper, [1804]: 105, tab. 113, figs 2, 3. Type locality: “…in der Gegend von es in Morocco), are not considered here. Sevastopel in Taurien”. Type material is not found yet; it may be lost (Nekrutenko, 1990: MATERIAL AND METHODS 77), but recently some types of E.J.C. Esper have been already found in the collection of Material from the following collections Staatssammlung München, Germany (Grie- was studied: Zoological Institute of the Rus- shuber, 2006: 86). sian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Zegris eupheme Esp. ♀ ab. modesta Alphéraky, Russia (ZISP), Zoological Museum of the 1908: 563. Type locality: Taganrog vicin- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ity. Established clearly as an infrasubspecific (ZMMU), Zoological Museum of the Kazan taxon, thus unavailable. Type material not University, Kazan, Russia (ZMKU), Finn- studied. é ish Natural History Museum of the Univer- Zegris eupheme Esp., ab. ochracea Alph raky, 1913: 228. Type locality: not stated. Estab- sity of Helsinki, Finland (ZMUH), Museum ü ü lished clearly as an infrasubspecific taxon, f r Naturkunde Leibniz-Institut f r Evolu- thus unavailable. Type material not studied. ä tions- und Biodiversit tsforschung, Berlin, Zegris eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-Haas, 1927: Germany (ZMHU), numerous private col- 40. Type locality: “Thianchan sept.: Kuld- lections and the author’s own material, col- scha, Ili Gebiet… am Flusse bei Lepsa beim lected in various parts of South Russia (Vol- Balkasch See (Siebenstromland)” by the gograd, Saratov, Astrakhan Provinces) and original description, “Lepsa” (now Lepsi South Kazakhstan (Alma-Ata Province and settlement in the Alakol distr. of Almaty Dzhungarian Alatau Mts). Province, northern foothills of Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts., Kazakhstan) after the lectotype designation. Type material in ZMHU (stud- TAXONOMY ied). Treated here as a synonym of the nomi- The most elements of wing pattern in native subspecies. Zegris eupheme are very variable, especially Type designation. The original descrip- white spots and green or greenish pattern tion of Papilio eupheme based on two speci- in the hindwing underside, shape of discal mens (first from P.S. Pallas, second from K. spot in the forewing upper side, etc. (Fig. 1). Blöber). According to this reason and by The genital structures are not so variable. the rules of Art. 74.4 of the ICZN (1999), According to my study of 20 male genitalia a male specimen figured in tab. 113 (fig. 2, preparates from different regions (Russia: 3) of the Esper’s book “Die Schmetterlinge Saratov Prov., Sinenkie; Astrakhan Prov., in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Be- Dosang; Crimea, Sevastopol; Kazakhstan: schreibungen” is designated here as a lec- Atyrau Prov., Inderskoe Lake; China: Kuld- totype of Papilio eupheme (Esper, [1804]); ja; Turkey: Amasia; Spain: Malaga), most both figures and original description are re- variable is the shape of valva which dorsal printed here (Fig. 10). edge can be straight or curved (Figs 2, 3). The original description of Zegris euphe- Basing on the variability, which have clinal me sulphurea based on the uncertain number type from north to south (especially good of specimens from the collections of Tancré visible in wings pattern; see Fig. 1), we and Staudinger (ZMHU). According to this may conclude that the populations of Z. eu- reason and by the rules of Art. 61.1 and Art. pheme from the left shore of Volga presents 74.1 of the ICZN (1999), a male specimen one subspecies, from the right shore, sec- with labels: “eupheme / sulphurea / OBH” ond subspecies, and southwards from Great (white paper, handwritten); “Horae Macro- Caucasus Ridge, third subspecies. lep. / Vol. I abgebildet / t. – f. – / beschrieb

Differences between Zegris eupheme subspecies

Feature/ eupheme menestho erothoe subspecies Dark-greenish and yellow- orange, both colors almost Greenish or light- Hindwing equally presented in males, greenish and purely Greenish; orange and underside dark-greenish more yellow, the latter is yellow normally never coloration developed in females more developed in both present (yellow-orange may be males and females completely reduced) Big and long-oval, with Small and rounded or Small and rounded, distinct borders; size of White spots square, with distinct with indistinct borders spots is quite variable, on hindwing borders; may present or in northern specimens but they are always underside almost absent in specimens and almost absent in bigger (up to 30%) than from the same population southern specimens in other subspecies

Fig. 1. Wing pattern of Zegris eupheme: a, Sarepta (typical eupheme); b, Kuldja (paralectotypes of sulphurea); c, Amasia (menestho); d, Indersk (erothoe). Scale 1 mm.

Figs 2–9. Type specimens of Zegris eupheme. 2, 3, male genitalia (2, tschudica, neotype; 3, sulphurea, lectotype); 4–9, general appearance (4, 5, sulphurea, lectotype; 6, 7, tschudica, neotype; 8, 9, erothoe, lectotype). Even numbers, upper side, odd numbers, underside. p. 40” (white paper, printed/handwritten); “LECTOTYPUS ♂ / sulphurea / B.-H. / “ex coll. / STAUDINGER” (white paper, S.K.Korb des. 08–16.01.2013” (red paper, printed); “Studied by S. Korb / ZMHB / printed, with handwritten sex, name and 042K/2013” (white paper, printed); “Lep- authorship), is designated here as a lecto- sa / Hbhr.” (brown paper, handwritten); type of Zegris eupheme sulphurea O. Bang-

Fig. 10. Original description of Papilio eupheme (after Esper, [1804]).

Figs. 11–13. Labels of Zegris eupheme primary types. 11 – sulphurea, lectotype; 12 – tschudica, neotype; 13 – erothoe, lectotype.

Haas, 1927 (Figs 3, 4, 5, 11). Two specimens khan Province, 47°31´54´´N, 47°07´57´´E]. (male and female) are designated as para- Type material in ZISP and ZMKU (studied). lectotypes. Anthocharis eupheme var. tschudica Herrich- ä Distribution (Fig. 14). Crimea, southern Sch ffer, [1850]: 20, taf. 94, figs 449, 450), part of Eastern Europe northwards to Khar- syn. nov. Type locality: not specified in the original description [Kirgis steppes, N.-W. kov Prov. in Ukraine and Ulyanovsk Prov. Kazakhstan] (Tshikolovets, 2011: 123). In in Russia, eastwards to the sands on the left the revision of S. Alpheraky (1913: 229) it is bank of Volga river in Astrakhan, Volgograd the following list of localities for this taxon: and Samara Provinces, and southwards to “Gouriev, Astrakhan; Perse méridionale; the northern slope of the Great Caucasus ?Emba inférieure; ?lac. Indersk”. The city of and northern sands of Kazakhstan; South- Gouriev (=Guryev) is now Atyrau, admin- East Kazakhstan: northern foothills of istrative center in North-West Kazakhstan. Transili Alatau Mts., Dzhungarsky Alatau Type material lost. Mts., western spurs of Ketmen Mts. and Type designation. Four male specimens Saisan lake environs. The following records of Pontia erothoe from the collection of E. are known to me only by the published data: Eversmann are found: one in the Zoological Barnaul (Tshikolovets et al., 2009), Omsk Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences in (Kosterin, Ponomarev, 2002), Tengiz Lake St. Petersburg and three in the Zoological (Lukhtanov, Lukhtanov, 1994). It is still Museum of the Kazan University. Accord- not found in South Ural and adjacent terri- ing to this reason and by the rules of Art. tories at the current time; only 2 rather old 61.1 and Art. 74.1 of the ICZN (1999), a ü male specimens from R. P ngeler collection male specimen kept in ZISP with labels: labelled “Ural, Miass” are known. “Coll Eversmann” (white paper, printed); “Zegris / eupheme / =erothoe Ev.” (white Zegris eupheme erothoe (Eversmann, 1832) paper, handwritten); “Kalmukken | Steppe” (Figs 1d, 2, 6–9, 12, 13) (white paper, handwritten); “Lectotypus ♂ / Pontia erothoe / Eversmann, 1832 / Pontia erothoe Eversmann, 1832: 351, taf. 20, figs é 1, 2. Type locality: “…in monticulis Tschapts- Nouv. M m. Soc. imp. Nat. Mosc. / II: 351– chatschi deserti australioris inter Rhym- 352, tab. 20, f. 1, 2 / S.K. Korb design. 2014” num et Wolgam” [now station Chapchachi (red paper, printed) is designated here as (Чапчачи), Kharabolinsky district, Astra- a lectotype of Pontia erothoe Eversmann,

Fig. 14. Distribution map of Zegris eupheme subspecies. Black squares, eupheme (type locality with asterisk); white squares, menestho (type locality with asterisk); black circles, sulphurea (type locality with asterisk); grey circles, erothoe (type locality of erothoe with square, type locality of tschudica with asterisk); white circles, localities of material known to the author only by the literary data.

1832. The specimens kept in ZMKU, all Distribution (Fig. 14). Only known from with two handwritten labels “Eupheme / k the North-West Kazakhstan, environs of 141” and “Des[ertum]Kirg[isorum]/g”, are Atyrau, Inderbor (lake Inderskoye) and designated as paralectotypes. north-eastern coast of Caspian Sea south- The original material of Anthocharis wards to Shetpe, and at the right bank of eupheme var. tschudica probably lost, and Volga river (Astrakhan Prov.: Dosang, Bog- selection of name-bearing type is necessa- do-Baskunchak Nature Reserve). ry to define the nominal taxon objectively. According to this reason and by the rules of Art. 75 of the ICZN (1999), the oldest Zegris eupheme menestho é é é known male specimen in the collection of (M n tri s, 1832) Staudinger (ZMHU) clearly determined (Fig. 1c) as belonging to this taxon (mounted under Pieris menestho Ménétriés, 1832: 245. Type local- the label “var. Tschudica”) with labels: “In- ity: “Mont. Taliisch, …Lenkoran”. Type mate- dersk / Chr.” (white paper, printed); “ex rial (lectotype and paralectotype, designated coll. / STAUDINGER” (green paper, hand- by Nekrutenko, 1990: 75, pl. 27, fig. 2) in written); “Studied by S. Korb / ZMHB / ZISP. 041K/2013” (white paper, printed); “NEO- Zegris eupheme dyala Peile, in Rowland-Brown, TYPUS ♂ / Zegris eupheme tschudica / 1921: 151, syn. n. Type locality: “…at Fathah Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] / Syst. Bearb. eur. on the right bank of the Tigris”. Type mate- Schmett. 6: 20, taf. 94, figs 449, 450 / S.K. rial not studied. Korb design. 2013” (red paper, printed) Zegris eupheme tigris Riley, 1921: 591–592, is designated here as a neotype of Zegris syn. n. Type locality: Fathah, right. bank eupheme tschudica Herrich-Schäffer, [1850]. river Tigris. Type material not studied.

Remarks. Pieris menestho, now treated Eversmann E. 1832. Lepidopterorum species as subspecies of Zegris eupheme, has rather nonullae novae gubernium Orenburgense wide range in Western Asia. Two other sub- incolentes. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société species of the latter, Z. eupheme dyala and imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 2: 349– 354. Z. eupheme tigris, have the same type local- Grieshuber J. 2006. Revision of Colias myrmi- ity and should be synonymized; moreover, done (Esper, [1781]) (Lepidoptera, Pieri- this locality is placed within the range of dae). Helios, 7: 84–104. Zegris eupheme menestho. So far as the origi- Herrich-Schäffer G.A.W. 1843–1856. Syste- nal descriptions of both subspecies dem- matische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von onstrate characters going into the scope of Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Sup- variability observed in Zegris eupheme me- plement zu Jakob Hübner’s Sammlung Euro- nestho, it is quite reasonable to synonymize päischer Schmetterlinge. Regensburg: Manz. here all three names. 18 + 8 + 178 + 72 + 24 + 48 S. Distribution (Fig. 14). Transcaucasia, Hesselbarth G., van Oorschot H. & Wage- ner S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Türkei, unter Turkey, North-West Iran, Syria, and Leba- Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Länder. non, northwards to the southern slope of Bocholt: Selbstverlag Sigbert Wagener. Great Caucasus Ridge. 1198 S. Kosterin O.E. & Ponomarev K.B. 2002. New ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS data on the fauna of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of the city of Omsk and its closest I am very glad to thank curators of the Lepi- surroundings. Euroasian Entomological Jour- doptera collections: S.Yu. Sinev and A.L. Lvovsky nal, 1(1): 111–114. (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Lukhtanov V.A. & Lukhtanov A.G. 1994. Die Sciences), A.V. Sviridov (Zoological Museum of Tagfalter Nordwestasiens. Herbipoliana, 3: the Moscow State University), L. Kaila (Finn- 1–440. ish Natural History Museum of the University Ménétriés E. 1832. Catalogue raisonné des ob- ü of Helsinki), W. Mey (Museum f r Naturkunde jets de zoologie recueillis dans un voy ä age au an der Humboldt Universit t zu Berlin), who Caucase et jusqu’aux frontières actuelles de provided me possibility to work with its mate- la Perse, enterpris par ordre de S.M.Empereur. rial; and to A.Yu. Matov (Zoological Institute St.-Petersburg: Imp. Acad. sci. 304 p. of the Russian Academy of Sciences) for provid- Nekrutenko Y.P. 1985. The butterflies of Crimea. ing photographs of the type specimen of Pontia Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 154 p. erothoe. For information and pictures of the type Nekrutenko Y.P. 1990. The butterflies of Cauca- specimens of Pontia erothoe from Kazan Univer- sus. Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae, sity as far as for the critical reading of this manu- Danaidae. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 216 p. script and valuable additions and corrections I Riley N.D. 1921. Some undescribed Rhopalo- am very thankful to V.V. Zolotukhin (Ulyanovsk cera from Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia; State Pedagogical University). and other notes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 98: 590–600. REFERENCES Rowland-Brown H. 1921. [Entomological Soci- ety of London.] Meeting at March 16th. The Alphéraky S. 1908. Lepidoptera of the Tagan- Entomologist, 54: 150–151. rog vicinity. Addendum III. Horae Societatis Tshikolovets V.V. 2011. Butterflies of Europe entomologicae Rossicae, 38(4): 558–618. and the Mediterranean area. Kyiv-Brno: Alphéraky S.N. 1913. Quelques donnes sur les Tshikolovets Publications. 544 p. races de la Zegris eupheme Esper. Etudes de Tshikolovets V.V., Yakovlev R.V. & Koste- Lépidoptérologie compare, 7: 221–234. rin O.E. 2009. The butterflies of Altai, Sayans Esper E.J.C. [1804]. Die Schmetterlinge in Ab- and Tuva (South Siberia). Kyiv-Brno: Tshiko- bildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. lovets Publications. 374 p. Erlangen: Walther. Supplementband zu Th. 1, Abschnitt. 1. 120 S., Tab. 94–116. Received 10 February 2015 / Accepted 15 May 2017