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Child Maltreatment Prevention Readiness Assessment in Malaysia

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Child Maltreatment Prevention Readiness Assessment in Malaysia Child maltreatment prevention readiness assessment in Malaysia Country Report 2011 IRENE CHEAH GUAT SIM PAEDIATRIC INSTITUTE, HOSPITAL KUALA LUMPUR CHOO WAN YUEN UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. 7 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 16 COUNTRY PROFILE ..................................................................................................................... 16 CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA .......................................................................................................... 19 OVERVIEW OF CHILD MALTREATMENT PREVENTION AND CHILD PROTECTION IN MALAYSIA ....................... 21 RATIONALE AND AIMS OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................... 23 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ............................................................................................................ 24 TARGET AUDIENCE OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................................................ 24 METHODS................................................................................................................................. 24 DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT ................................................................................................... 24 A) FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION ................................................................................................. 25 B) TRANSLATION AND ADAPTATION OF INSTRUMENT .................................................................... 25 C) COGNITIVE TESTING ........................................................................................................... 26 PILOT STUDY ............................................................................................................................ 27 FIELD TRIAL .............................................................................................................................. 27 PROCESS OF CARRYING OUT INTERVIEWS .................................................................................... 28 CHALLENGES CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH .................................................................................. 29 PROCESS OF CONDUCTING OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ....................................................................... 29 DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 30 THE TEN DIMENSIONS OF RAP-CM QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................................................... 32 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 34 OVERALL ............................................................................................................................. 34 COMPARING SCORES FROM NATIONAL AND SUB -NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS ..................................... 35 COMPARING SCORES FROM GOVERNMENT AND NON -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS ...................... 37 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR EACH DIMENSION ..................................................... 39 DIMENSION 1: ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHILD MALTREATMENT .......................................................... 39 DIMENSION 2: KNOWLEDGE OF CHILD MALTREATMENT PREVENTION .............................................. 41 DIMENSION 3: SCIENTIFIC DATA ON CHILD MALTREATMENT ........................................................... 44 DIMENSION 4: CURRENT PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION ..................................... 46 DIMENSION 5: LEGISLATION , POLICIES AND MANDATES ................................................................. 48 DIMENSION 6: WILL TO ADDRESS PROBLEM ................................................................................ 50 DIMENSION 7: INSTITUTIONAL LINKS AND RESOURCES .................................................................. 53 1 DIMENSION 8: MATERIAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................... 54 DIMENSION 9: HUMAN AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES ..................................................................... 55 DIMENSION 10: INFORMAL SOCIAL RESOURCES ........................................................................... 56 COMPARISON OF ‘S UBJECTIVE ’ AND ‘O BJECTIVE ’ ASSESSMENT ........................................................... 57 RELATIONS OF SCORES WITH COUNTRY BACKGROUND CONDITIONS ..................................................... 73 STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING CMP READINESS ......................................................................... 74 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 82 IMPLICATIONS FOR LARGE-SCALE CMP PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION ................................. 85 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 85 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 90 APPENDIX 1. KEY COUNTRY CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 93 APPENDIX 2. CHILD MALTREATMENT STUDIES OF MALAYSIA – JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS ............................ 95 APPENDIX 3. ITEM ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 98 APPENDIX 4. DETAILS OF SCORING FOR EACH DIMENSION FOR ALL RESPONDENTS .................................... 99 APPENDIX 5. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS – ANSWERS GIVEN TO RAP-CM ................................................. 100 APPENDIX 6. AVAILABLE PROGRAMMES FOR CHILD PROTECTION ....................................................... 103 APPENDIX 7. AVAILABLE PROGRAMMES FOR CHILD MALTREATMENT PREVENTION .................................. 104 APPENDIX 8. POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA ......................................................... 107 APPENDIX 9. AVAILABLE PROGRAMMES WHICH COULD ALLOW INTEGRATION OF CMP COMPONENTS ......... 110 APPENDIX 10. COALITIONS OR NETWORKING OF ORGANISATIONS EXAMPLE .......................................... 114 APPENDIX 11. MATERIAL RESOURCES IN SOME PROGRAMS ............................................................... 116 AUTHORS’ BIODATA ................................................................................................................ 117 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This assessment of the country readiness for the prevention of child maltreatment in Malaysia was commissioned by the World Health Organisation, Geneva. The standard instrument for measurement of readiness was developed under the auspices of WHO in collaboration with six countries, i.e. Brazil, China, Macedonia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. The key contributors to this instrument were Christopher Mikton, Technical Officer from Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability, Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization and Professor Mick Powers from University of Edinburgh. The authors would like to thank the Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department Malaysia for study approval, and the Director-General of Health for permission to publish this report. A special note of thanks to Dr Rosnah Ramly, Senior Principal Assistant Director in the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, for her assistance in organizing the focus group discussion and technical input in the draft report. This report would not have been possible without the participation of the respondents from government and non-government agencies and the authors would like to thank them for their valuable time and input for this report. They include respondents from the Ministry of Health; Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development; National Population and Family Development Board; Ministry of Education, Department of National Unity and Integration; Ministry of Rural and Regional Development; Royal Malaysian Police; PS the Children; Yayasan Chow Kit; SUKA society; Pure Life Society; Women Centre for Change, Penang; All Women’s Action Society Malaysia; Women Aids Organisation; Federation of Reproductive Health Associations, Malaysia (FRHAM); UNICEF Malaysia; Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM); Childline Malaysia, Voice of Children, Malaysian Child Resource Institute, Malaysian Association of Social Workers, Kiwanis Malaysia, Cheshire Homes, Befrienders Malaysia, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, HELP University and University of Malaya Medical Center. 3 List of Abbreviations CAN Child abuse and neglect CEA Child Emotional Abuse CIA Central Intelligence Agency CM Child Maltreatment CMP Child Maltreatment Prevention CMPR Child Maltreatment Prevention Readiness CN Child neglect CPD Continuous Professional Development
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