Massdot Road Safety Audit, I-95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River

ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River

Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport

March 2019

Prepared For: MassDOT

ssDOT A4 sachusetts l epartrrsent t, Transportation 1, Highway Division

Prepared By: McMahon Associates, Inc. 120 Water Street, 4th Floor Boston, MA 02109 4McMAHON iihmo_ TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERSAPLANNERS Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Table of Contents

Background 1

RSA Process 1

Project Location and Description 3

Road Safety Audit Observations and Potential Improvements 8

Recommendations 14

Summary of Road Safety Audit 14

List of Appendices

Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List

Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data

List of Figures

Figure 1: Site Location Map— Southern Section 4 Figure 2: Site Location Map— Northern Section 5

List of Tables

Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members 2

Table 2. Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown 14 Table 3. Potential Safety Enhancement Summary 15 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Background

The Federal Highway Administration ( FHWA) defines a Road Safety Audit ( RSA) as the formal safety examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety improvements considering all roadway users. This RSA evaluates Interstate 95 ( I- 95)• from the Ipswich River approximately mile marker 71. 8) to the Merrimack River ( approximately mile marker 87) for a total of 15. 2 miles. For the section of 1- 95 between Boxford and Rowley( between mile marker 71. 8 and the Rowley weigh station north of Route 97 ( Exit 53) for a total 5. 3 miles), all crashes on the 1- 95 mainline were reviewed; for the remainder of the study area corridor, only center median and median crossover crashes were reviewed.

A key objective of the RSA is to identify short- term, mid- term, and long- term safety improvements that can be implemented at the subject locations and incorporated in potential improvements of these locations.

RSA Process

A Road Safety Audit was completed for the study corridor on Tuesday, January 22, 2019. The RSA was conducted primarily due to concern over crossover crashes experienced along this segment of I-95. The agenda for the RSA meeting held at the Boxford Communication Department is provided in Appendix A of this report. As shown below in Table 1, the audit team consisted of a multidisciplinary team with representatives from state, regional and local agencies and organizations providing expertise in the engineering, planning, maintenance and emergency response fields. Contact information for the RSA attendees is provided in Appendix B of this report.

Page 1 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Table 1. Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member Agency/ Affiliation Chris Falcos MassDOT Traffic Safety Ana Fill MassDOT Traffic Safety Peter Collette MassDOT District 4 Maintenance

Tim Paris MassDOT District 4 Projects/ Planning Brian Fallon MassDOT District 4 Projects

Brian Levine MassDOT District 4 Traffic

Brian Geiger Boxford Fire Department

James Riter Boxford Police Department

Don Cudmore Georgetown Police Department

Scott Hahl Georgetown Police Department

Michael Provost Massachusetts State Police— Newbury Barracks Deborah Ryan Massachusetts State Police— Newbury Barracks Michael Reilly Newbury Police Department Steve Mullaney Massachusetts State Police- AHQ Don Dupray Rowley Fire Department Matthew Simons Newburyport Police Department

Michael Soltys Boxford Fire Department

Thomas Fitzgerald Massachusetts State Police

Jim Terlizzi Merrimack Valley Planning Commission Phil Viveiros McMahon Associates

Conor Murphy McMahon Associates

Within the email invitation sent on January 10, 2019 to each participant in the RSA, background material was provided. This information included collision diagrams and crash data summaries for the study area locations. During the RSA meeting, these materials were reviewed as a group along with videos of the I-95 northbound and southbound mainline ( in lieu of an RSA field visit) given the inability to walk the study area location. Following the viewing of the videos, the team discussed additional concerns and potential solutions for the existing safety issues.

Page 2 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Project Location and Description

Study Area Roadways

The study area is comprised of Interstate 95 as described below and shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2:

Interstate 95 I-95 is functionally classified as an interstate under MassDOT jurisdiction that generally travels in a north/ south direction. I- 95 is a limited access highway providing four lanes of travel in each direction. The posted speed limit is 65 mph in both directions of I- 95. The median along I-95 typically consists of a wide, grassy median that is 50 feet wide or larger. W- beam guardrail is utilized along specific stretches of the median, typically where underpasses, overpasses, overhead sign pole foundations, and other obstacles exist. Three- strand cable barrier is present along the median around Exit 51 in the study area. The highway is a relatively straight road that has minimal horizontal and vertical curves throughout the study area. The land use surrounding the interstate is primarily large trees outside of the clear zone that provides a consistent atmosphere to the roadway in the study area. Seven interchanges are present along I- 95 within the study area, as well as a weigh station on both the northbound and southbound sides of the roadway in Rowley, just north of Route 97( Exit 53). There is a narrow left-hand shoulder( approximately 4 feet wide) that exists in both the northbound and southbound sides of I-95 within the study area. An adequate right- hand shoulder exists in both directions of I-95 within the study area. Rumble strips are present along shoulders on I-95 in both directions. Sufficient acceleration and deceleration lanes exist at the on- and off-ramps beginning at Exit 54 and continuing north until the end of the study area. The remaining interchanges in the southerly portion of the study area( Exits 51- 53) do not have formal acceleration and deceleration lanes, although the right-most lanes in both directions of I-95 in these areas are widened to accommodate the merging and diverging of vehicles on I-95.

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3AO8`d a3t1NI1NOO IIXilU Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Crash Data

Crash data from the Massachusetts State Police was provided for three separate areas of I-95 by MassDOT for this RSA. Crashes for each area were summarized for a three- year period from 2015- 2017. A total of

135 crashes were reported in Boxford and Rowley ( Exit 51 through the weigh station), including 41 left departure crashes on 1- 95 during the three- year period reviewed. A total of 43 left departure crashes were reported in Georgetown and Newbury( Exits 54 through 56) on I-95 during the three- year period reviewed. A total of 19 crashes left departure crashes were reported in Newburyport ( Exit 57 through the Whittier Bridge) on 1- 95 during the three- year period reviewed. During the years this crash data was reported, the Whittier Bridge was under construction which included permanent lane closures and work zones on 1- 95; this may have impacted the number, types, and severity of crashes that were accounted for in this area. A fatal, cross- median crash occurred on October 26, 2018 that is not included in the crashes summarized from 2015- 2017.

Of the reported crashes that occurred in Boxford and Rowley, 20 crashes ( 15%) were rear- end crashes, 9

7%) were angle crashes, 77 crashes ( 57%) were single vehicle crashes, 23 crashes ( 17%) were sideswipe

crashes, 3 crashes ( 2%) were head- on crashes, and 3 crashes ( 2%) were unknown. Approximately 59% of the Boxford and Rowley crashes occurred during daylight conditions, and approximately 63% occurred

during clear or cloudy conditions. Drivers between the ages of 20- 29 accounted for 24% of the crashes. Based on the reported data for the Boxford and Rowley segment, there is a steady trend in crashes during

the weekdays and weekends ranging from Sunday ( 10%) to Friday ( 19%). Three ( 2%) of the reported crashes resulted in fatalities; two of these were cross- median crashes, while the third fatal crash was a rear-

end crash in the right shoulder where speeding was also a factor. Approximately 50% of the crashes occurred between 6: 00 AM and 2: 00 PM.

Of the reported 41 left departure crashes that occurred in Boxford and Rowley, 27 crashes ( 66%) were

single vehicle crashes, 8 crashes ( 20%) were sideswipe crashes, 3 crashes ( 7%) were head- on crashes, 2

crashes( 5%) were angle crashes, and 1 crash( 2%) was a rear end crash. Approximately 66% of the Boxford

and Rowley crashes occurred during daylight conditions, approximately 46% occurred during clear or

cloudy conditions, and 32% occurred during snowy conditions. Drivers between the ages of 20- 29 accounted for 34% of the left departure crashes. Based on the reported data for the B oxford and Rowley segment, the highest frequency of crashes occurred on Tuesday( 22%) and Friday( 22%). Two( 5%) of the reported crashes resulted in fatalities; one fatal crash involved a vehicle losing control after speeding, while the other fatal crash involved a driver suffering a medical emergency while operating the vehicle.

Of the reported left departure crashes that occurred in Georgetown and Newbury, 3 crashes( 7%) were rear- end crashes, 3 ( 7%) were angle crashes, 31 crashes ( 72%) were single vehicle crashes, 5 ( 12%) were sideswipe crashes, and I ( 2%) was a head- on crash. Approximately 67% of Boxford and Rowley left departure crashes occurred during daylight conditions. Drivers between the ages of 20- 29 accounted for 26% of the crashes; the next highest group were drivers between the ages of 50- 59 ( 21%). Based on the reported data for the Georgetown and Newbury segment, there is an increase in crashes on Tuesday( 26%) and Saturday ( 21%) compared to the rest of the week( ranging from 9- 12% daily). There are two distinct periods with low crash activity, including 2: 00 AM to 6: 00 AM and 10: 00 PM to 12: 00 AM. One( 2%) of

Page 6 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL the reported crashes resulted in a fatality, with no information provided to explain what caused the driver to enter the median.

Of the reported left departure crashes that occurred in Newburyport, 2 crashes( 11%) were rear- end crashes,

2( 11%) were angle crashes, 10 crashes( 53%) were single vehicle crashes, 4( 21%) were sideswipe crashes, and 1 crash( 5%) was unknown. An additional crash involved a northbound vehicle being struck by a tire from a southbound traveling vehicle. Approximately 74% of Newburyport left departure crashes occurred during daylight conditions. Drivers between the ages of 30- 39 accounted for 32% of the crashes and drivers between the ages of 60- 69 accounted for 29% of the crashes. Based on the reported data for the

Newburyport corridor, there is an increase in crashes on Saturday( 53%) compared to the rest of the week, while no crashes were reported on Sundays. The highest time period for crash activity is during the afternoon hours of 2: 00 PM - 6: 00 PM. No crashes were reported between 2: 00 AM and 8: 00 AM; additionally, no crashes were reported in the months of August and September. No fatalities were reported in this area during the study period. Construction activity related to the Whittier Bridge construction may have impacted various trends in crash data in this area, including higher Saturday crash occurrence.

A detailed crash diagram of each study area segment is provided in Appendix C.

Page 7 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Road Safety Audit Observations and Potential Improvements

During the RSA meeting, a brief introduction of the RSA process and a summary of crash information was presented to the audit participants. Following this brief presentation, the members of the audit team were asked to discuss the existing issues that may affect safety at each of the study area corridors. The audit team then watched videos of the I-95 northbound and southbound mainlines that were taken in lieu of a field visit, given the inability to walk this portion of the study area. Provided below is a list ofthe safety concerns and the potential enhancements that were identified during the RSA.

Safety Issue# 1: Speed

Observations:

Audit team members mentioned that : 1: high speeds are apparent along all three study areas identified on 1- 95. The speed limit alonection of I-95 is 65 mph, but vehicles typically drive at much higher speeds. It was noted by MassDOthe average daily traffic( ADT) per lane along this section of I- 95 is much lower than similar 117;::: fixfreeways77,.t4, 14,,,,, located similar distances 0: 07,,,,,46,,,,, away from Boston. With fewer s r pix - ' f,,:,,,,,, t,, K. vehicles traveling along the roadway d an existing cross section of four lanes in each direction, there is little v traffic friction and congestion that would naturally slow down vehicles traveling on this roadway.

The alignment of 1- 95 also leads to higher speeds. Between Exits 51 and PictureFive- mile' straigbt segment in ndi thbound direction 53, etwee xg ,% °"_. there is. a 3. 6- mile straight d w F vats an 55 • segment of road; between Exits 53 and 55, there is a 5- mile straight segment of road; and between Exit 55 and approximately mile marker 84. 6, there is a. 3. 1- mile straight segment of road. In this 12- mile section of 1- 95, there are only three curves in the roadway that would require a driver to actively adapt to changes in the horizontal alignment of the roadway: Due to this geometry, drivers may feel comfortable traveling at speeds higher than the speed limit.

The landscape across the width of this roadway is extremely consistent along large stretches of this corridor and does not offer many obstacles against which to gauge how fast a driver' s vehicle is actually traveling. Therefore, vehicles may tend to travel at higher speeds than planned or expected. Members of the State Police indicated that it is difficult to patrol this area because there is a small number of police details that are typically assigned to this roadway that is approximately 17 miles long in one direction.

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1 ientlyanArV Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Audit team members discussed the belief that higher speeds did not necessarily cause problems during ideal driving conditions, but when crashes have occurred, the severity is more likely to increase due to higher speeds. Audit members also noted that occasional differentials in traveling speed occur along I- 95 due to some vehicles attempting to adhere to the speed limit while other vehicles travel above the speed limit, causing last- second lane changes to occur and increasing the likelihood of sideswipe or median departure crashes. High speeds were also observed by audit team members during reduced friction conditions, including snow and rain.

Some members of the local and State Police discussed the public' s use of Waze and other crowd sourcing mobile mapping applications that alert other drivers to police vehicles in an area. Audit team members that are members of law enforcement indicated that it is harder to control speeds along I-95 due to members of the public having knowledge of the location of police officers along the roadway. An unintended consequence of this feature in these applications that was mentioned was also that it could be utilized by criminals that might be on the run from the police.

Enhancements:

Consider increasing enforcement along I-95 and evaluate the feasibility of establishing" Intensive Enforcement Areas" to discourage dangerous driver behavior. Intensive Enforcement Areas are geographic areas that utilize fewer police cruisers traversing a smaller geographic area more frequently to give the appearance of a larger enforcement presence. Consider utilizing variable speed messaging signs to inform drivers and encourage better compliance with speed limits, especially during snow and ice conditions. Consider installing delineators along sides of the highway to discourage traveling at higher speeds. Review agency coordination efforts between local and State Police and mobile mapping applications( Waze, Google Maps, Apple Maps, etc.).

Safety Issue# 2: Driver Behavior

Observations:

Audit team members indicated that distracted and drowsy driving contributes to various types of crashes along this section of I- 95. As drivers travel and become affected by drowsiness or are otherwise distracted, vehicles may begin to drift towards the highway median. Once drivers realize they are drifting out of the travel lane, the audit team indicated that such drivers will often try to overcompensate for their mistake, which leads to poor decisions and crashes. This issue is exacerbated by an above average amount of debris in the roadway that drivers need to avoid at the last second. Distracted driving, driver fatigue, and driver inattention collectively were cited as a contributing factor in 22 crashes along the study corridor during the period reviewed. Due to the cross section and alignment of the roadway and the existing traffic volumes discussed in the previous safety issue), drivers may often utilize the cruise control function of their vehicles. Audit participants believed that since the landscape is minimal in nature, drivers tend to get drowsy

Page 9 Road Safety Audit- 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

while driving and lose control of PM, their vehicles that continue to travel while on cruise control.

Also, audit team members w r 7 0., discussed the fact that many z a vehicles travel in the high- speed left lane, rather than only using it for passing, and also that drivers frequently pass other vehicles on 4 the right( rather than the left).

Audit team members indicated that another potential cause of the . , PIM- ac of m a . rear- end crashes . along the Weft corridor could be contributed to road rage and erratic or aggressive driving.

Enhancements:

Review existing notification programs for alerting MassDOT of the presence of debris in the

roadway. Evaluate the feasibility of locating a rest area along this stretch of I=95 to help reduce drowsy driving during long trips. Consider implementation of the Hands- free proposal from the legislation " An Act Relative to Improving Safety on the Roads of the Commonwealth" to reduce the incidence of driver distraction due to cell phone use. Educate the public on the proper use of the left- lane on freeways by issuing more warnings and implementing state- wide educational campaigns. Consider increasing police staffing and monitoring of" High Visibility" sectors. Consider utilizing existing variable message board signs to inform drivers about proper lane use, using messages such as" Left Lanes for Passing Only".

Safety Issue# 3: Secondary Crashes

Observations:

Members of the State Police and local police departments along the I-95 corridor indicated that there is concern for first responders after crashes on I-95, resulting in secondary crashes occurring during the response to the primary crash. When crashes along I- 95 become large enough, the number of lanes on the highway occupied by first responders to properly clean up and record the crashes also increases. Audit members indicated that drivers do not expect the upstream crash scene, presence of first responders, and the adjusted lane configuration due to the typical high speeds and low volumes present on I-95. Crashes that require significant lane closuresbecome a safety issue for the first responders as well as drivers trying

Page 10 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

to get through the initial crash scene. Several crashes occurring during the review period stemmed from an initial prior crash that was noted as one of the main factors for the second crash. In addition, several crashes were discussed that stemmed from traffic slowing down as a reaction to the initial crash response.

Enhancements:

Consider increasing the number of variable message boards along the corridor and linking them to queue detection technology ( if not already supplied) to provide advance warning to drivers of

congested conditions. Evaluate coordination with local fire departments to provide assistance to temporarily close lanes during responses to crashes on I- 95. Consider using truck mounted attenuators at crash sites that involve multiple lane takings for the

crash clean up. Evaluate additional or alternate messaging options for the" Move Over" campaign to better inform the driving public of the importance of safety for first responders at crash sites and current legislation about work zone speeds.

o The Move Over Law, which went into effect in 2009, requires drivers approaching a stationary emergency or maintenance vehicle with flashing lights to move to the next adjacent lane and slow down. Failure to comply with this law could result in a fine up to$ 100. o Current legislation titled, " An Act Relative to Improving Safety on the Roads of the Commonwealth" would set up temporary speed limits in work zones and double the fines for speeding in these zones.

Safety Issue# 4: Roadway Geometry and Lighting

Observations:

Throughout the audit meeting, team members consistently mentioned that a majority of the corridor lacks a barrier along the center median from where the existing cable median barrier ends. This lack of barrier contributes to the high number of crossover crashes along 1- 95. The group discussed that the section of I- 95 with cable median barrier experienced an increase in left departure crashes since the installation of the cable median barrier, but that the barrier reduced the severity of left departure crashes and eliminated cross median crashes altogether. This pattern is consistent with the installation of cable median barriers. Where there is no guardrail and just a wide grassy median, some audit team members described crashes where the geometry of the median was acting like a launching pad and sending vehicles departing from the left lane into the opposite direction of traffic. After reviewing the videos recorded for the audit meeting, the audit team noticed that the left hand shoulder along I- 95 is currently very narrow compared to current design standards. The shoulder adjacent to the center median appears to be four feet wide in most areas. This geometery does not allow much leeway to any drivers that may drift to the left while driving in the left lane. This section of I-95 is primarily straight which induces high speeds along the roadway. Some team members also indicated that there is little to no lighting or reflectorized delineators along I- 95 through much of the study area.

Page 11 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Several members of the audit team

described several crashes that occurred in areas along I- 95 that currently have guardrail installed, but the crashes occurred outside the limits of the guardrail. There are stretches of guardrail along 1- 95 that do not tie together. Some audit participants

suggested that these guardrail

x t sections were likely installed to

protect specific elements of the

z highway ( such as sign supports) and not connected to adjacent guardrail Picture 3: Narrow shoulder on the left side of 1- 95 southbound

near Exit 51. sections.

Audit team members also noted several crashes that involved animal strikes; as much of the study area corridor runs through less developed, wooded areas, it was suggested that there is an increased likelihood of the presence of animals trying to cross the highway. For drivers, this is made more challenging by the lack of roadway lighting, which may not provide adequate time for drivers to see an animal in the roadway before reacting to avoid it. There is also a potential lack of fencing along sections of the roadway that could contribute to the presence of animals around I- 95.

One audit team member identified the existing exit ramp system that includes multiple exit ramps per interchange as a potential reason for some of the various sideswipe crashes that exist along I- 95.

The audit team discussed the northern limit of the study area where there has been considerable construction activity over recent years related to the Whittier Bridge. Audit team members stated that the construction activities resulted in crash trends that may not be prevalent during normal ( non- construction) conditions along this section of the corridor.

The audit team discussed snow operations in this area and the contributing factors behind snow related crashes. MassDOT representatives at the audit meeting noted that a salt depot in Boxford was decommissioned several years ago, resulting in salt trucks coming from a greater distance to treat I-95 along this corridor. This increased distance could have negatively impacted the state' s ability to effectively treat the roadway during periods of snow and ice. There is also a designated" low salt" area in Rowley and in Boxford that affects the state' s ability to protect the roadway from snowy conditions. This is reflected in the crash data, which shows that 21% of the overall crashes and 32% of the left departure crashes in the Boxford/ Rowley area occurred during a snow storm.

Page 12 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Enhancements:

Evaluate existing roadside fencing for vulnerable animal crossing locations and consider installing/ repairing fencing in such areas. Review engineering design standards and consider regrading median in the southern stretch of the corridor( Boxford and Rowley) to reduce the likelihood of vehicles accelerating should they enter the median. Evaluate installation of median barrier( such as cable median barrier) to reduce the severity of left departure crashes. Consider widening paved shoulders along the center median and/ or regrade the median in such areas to provide better refuge areas for stranded vehicles and allow more opportunity for recovery when vehicles drift to the left. Review locations where gaps exist in existing guardrail and provide additional guardrail in such

areas.

Evaluate crash trends when more recent crash data becomes available near the reconstructed

Whittier Bridge and consider further improvements in response to these trends( if applicable). Evaluate lighting of I-95 corridor ( particularly at interchange areas) and/ or consider upgrading pavement markings to increase nighttime visibility of the corridor. Evaluate adding delineators outside of the roadway to help provide a speed reference for drivers along I-95. Evaluate the feasibility of providing protection for signs located within the median along I- 95. Consider implementing a wrong- way detection system onto I- 95 in both directions. Evaluate depot location and snow and ice routes Consider utilizing variable speed messaging signs to inform drivers and encourage better compliance with speed limit, especially during snow and ice conditions.

Page 13 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Recommendations

After the site visit, audit participants returned to discuss the safety issues and consider various improvements. The audit participants were encouraged to consider both short and long- term improvements for each of the existing safety issues. Each improvement considered has been categorized as short- term, mid- term, or long- term based on the definitions shown in Table 2. Additionally, a cost category has been assigned to each improvement based on the parameters set forth in Table 2.

Table 2. Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Time Frame Costs

Short- Term 1 Year Low 10, 000

Mid- Term 1- 3 Years Medium 10, 001-$ 50, 000 Long- Term 3 Years High 50, 000

Summary of Road Safety Audit

A summary of the potential recommendations discussed by the RSA audit team are summarized in Table 3. The recommendations are summarized based on the potential safety payoff, time frame, approximate cost and roadway jurisdiction. The safety payoff is a subjective judgment of the potential effectiveness of the safety recommendations listed below.

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CO O o o O 0 N 10 ( 0 a (a a N a a) a) 0 0 0 0 co If). U` a O O O O 0a CO V) U CO CC CC Ct CC CC m12a) 0 ` a.' O 0 4) ? tYmft. II: 20' LooCate)acCDate) ate) co) c0, 20co) N-

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S 2 c c 03 c Q 2 : c d ƒ / 2 co 0 g2@ ao\ 2G \ d @S 2cO • co J > c c0 0 2 \ w m 2 . a e co 5) a•- E _ b E f § E aw ± .£ . 7 2 SC § f § i _ C \ k > 0 U) Ate : •- E2o t e@o oc 2 o 2 • u) 4- 7@ - c = mac c o a o 0 ticoe 0o + co a) _ f al E @ E - a § @ ° r CD 2 > —oma - o® Eo: cm2 £ - ur o C.) J ± a ± gko ° 2b ® % 2 0 k —0 s- 2 § / C) k _ c - a — •- _ 5 a) c a) RS4 ® s ® 2 « # c E § ° Q 22 a.) 11_) oCD . Em = 2cU 09 _ = 2 ' oEcn ® 0 2 ± § ¥ ' q % •- a34— » f2 $ 0 § § U)U) E0E2 P - tea C C f $ E / U) COU9 : 0 W U) (0 • a co c o 0 a) o ® = k CO CO § / co \ o U) 7 \ § E 2 k a02P, CO 707 = WW > al ( C2 cm a.2 / I ± 232R3wf3 / / & > 3 \ E k \ /% b L' b as » Cl) 15 Cl) o E e k e k = c e E e 2 § f 7 27 27 a o 2 \ 2 \ 2 \ o O o 0 o 0 o 0 co 0 = 0 e 0 e f C C C C t >, t CD 13 CO » c f c » > c > c > c • Rf f 1: a CO \ m 2 e 10 - 003 2 130 2 . k a CL CC W CL CL aL m # e 0 2 kk O 0 a = im Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Road Safety Audit

Boxford to Newburyport, MA.

Oda Iriterstate 95 Meeting Location: Boxford Communication Department A0 285 Ipswich Road, Boxford, MA January 22, 2019 8: 30 AM— 12: 30 PM

Type of meeting: High crash location— Road Safety Audit.

Attendees: Invited participants to comprise a multidisciplinary team

Please bring: Thoughts and enthusiasm!!

8: 30 AM Welcome and. Introductions

8: 45 AM Discussion of Safety: Issues.

Crash history, speed regulations, recent and existing projects— all provided in advance

Existing geometries and conditions

Review site condition from videos; photos, street view, aerial maps.

10: 15 AM Discussion of Potential Improvements

Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas

Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations

1230' PM Adjourn for the. Day— but theRSA has not ended

Instructions for Participants: i Before attending the RSA on January 22, participants are encouraged to drive through the intersection and complete/ consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others' opinions are key elements to the' success of the overall RSA process. After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team. Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Participating Audit Team Members Date: January 22, 2019 Location: Boxford Police— Communications Department 285 Ipswich Road, Boxford, MA

Audit Team Agency/ Affiliation Email Address Phone Number Members

Chris Falcos MassDOT Traffic Safety Christopher. falcos a(,state. ma. us 857- 369- 9639 Ana Fill MassDOT Traffic Safety Ana. fiila.state. ma. us 857- 368- 9648

MassDOT District 4 Peter. colletteadot. state. ma. us 781- 641- 8406 Peter Collette Maintenance

MassDOT District 4 Timothy. parisCa, dot. state. ma. us 781- 641- 8325 Tim Paris Projects/ Planning

MassDOT District 4 Brian. fallon( a. dot. state. ma. us 781- 641- 8475 Brian Fallon Projects

MassDOT District 4 Brian. levineadot. state. ma. us 781- 641- 8318 Brian Levine Traffic

Brian Geiger Boxford Fire Department bgeiger( a town. boxford. ma. us 978- 887- 5725

Boxford Police jritertown. boxford. ma. us 978- 377- 5211 James Riter Department

Georgetown Police dcudmoreacieorgetownma. com 978- 352- 5700 Don Cudmore Department

Georgetown Police shatchageorgetownma. gov 978- 352- 5700 Scott Hatch Department

Massachusetts State Michael. orovost@state. ma. us 978- 462- 7478 Michael Provost Police— Newbury Barracks

Massachusetts State Deborah. rvanstate.ma. us 978- 462- 7478 Deborah Ryan Police- Newbury Barracks

Michael Reilly Newbury Police Dept. m. reillyftnewburypolice. com 978- 462- 4440

Massachusetts State Stephen. mullanev( a pol. state. ma. us 978- 538- 6022 Steve Mullaney Police- AHQ

Don Dupray Rowley Fire Department donduprav( a gmail. com 978- 852- 8478

Newburyport Police msimons(a. newburvportpolice. com 978- 462- 4411 Matthew Simons Department

Michael Soltys Boxford Fire Department msoltyst town. boxford. ma. us 978- 887- 5725

Massachusetts State Thomas. fitzgerald( a pol. state. ma. us 617- 429- 5890 Thomas Fitzgerald Police

Merrimack jterlizzi( a mvpc. orq 978- 374- 0519 Jim Terlizzi Valley Planning Commission

Phil Viveiros McMahon Associates pviveirosamcmahonassociates. com 617- 556- 0020

Conor Murphy McMahon Associates cm urphy@mcmahonassociates. com 617- 556- 0020 Road Safety Audit— 1- 95 from Ipswich River to Merrimack River Boxford, Georgetown, Rowley, Newbury, West Newbury, and Newburyport, MA Prepared by McMahon Associates, Inc. FINAL

Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data iN

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k &! T. - 00co, Crash Data Summary Chart's 1- 95 in Boxford, Ma

CRASH MONTH

14% - 119E 11% 32% 109E 10% 10% 10% 896 896 7% 5% 596 6% 4% 4% 2% 0% - 111 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF THE WEEK 25%

19% 20% 17%

14% 14% 14% 15% 12% 10% 10%

5% -

0% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

CRASH TIME OF DAY

18% 10% 16% •

149'ff 13% 13% 1.290 10% 10% 8% 8% 8% 7% , 7%. 6% 4% 4% 4%

0°9, I I Iii , 12AM- 2AM- 4AM4AM- 6AM6AM-IISAM SAM-1 10AM 12PM- 2PM- 4PM 4PM! 6PM 6PM- 8PM 8PM- 10PM- 2AM 10AM 12PM 2PM 10PM 12AM

1 of 3 1/ 2/ 2019 Crash Data SUitinary Charti 1- 95 in Boxford, Ma

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION 57% 60% -

40%

17% 20% 15% 7% 2% 296 0% 0% 0% ' 111 11111111Mri

Single vehicle Rear- end Angle. Sideswipe, Sidaswipe, Head on ' Rear to rear Unknown

crath same Opposite dlroction • direttion

CRASH LIGHT CONDITION

80%

59% 60%

40% 33%

20% 4% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% P% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark- lighteVoltdwiaadtimiknatiRghtedl roadway ligIstillgr Unknown

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION

0% —53%

50%

40% ao% 1.1% 20% 10% Ov:

Immo—

Clear Cloudy Rairv. Snow Sleet, hail, fog, smog, Severe Wowing sand, Other Unknown free' zing rain smoke ' crosswinds snow

2, of 3 14/ 2019, Crash Data Sunimaryr Charts 1- 95 hi Boxford, Ma

CRASH ROAD SURFACE

70% ti* io0 ,_ 0%

0% 0%. 209 16°C

10% fl0%0% 035

Dry. Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, Water Slush : Other Unknown dirt, oil, ( standing, gravel Fno\ ling).

CRASH DRIVER AGES 25% 24%

18% 20% 17% 17%

15% 10% 10% 8 6

0% i

19 20- 29 30-39 40- 49 50- 59 60- 69 70- 79 280 Unknown

Injury Severity 70% 65°5 60% 50%

40%

30% 19% 20% 7% - - 1.0.% 2% _ 4%_._.

090

1( A B C 0 Unknown

IC= Fatality A=incapacitating Injury B- NOn- incapacitating jnj'ury C= Possibly, lnjury 0= Property Damage onlji

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m m-, 0 / 0E ` < ei4t .-. Trte$'0,.grae,h4 9* showthe trent# fer Left Departure and Cross Median brahes in eiggFokli0 Rel./y.10y Crash Data Summary Charts 1- 95 Left' Departure Crashes-in Boxford, 11/ 1

CRASH MONTH

20% 29% ---- 15% is % , 10% 10% — 7% 7% 76

5% 5% 5% - r...... FT 1- 00, F--- i 1 Jah Feb Mar Apt- ' May Jun Jul Aug Sep - Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OPINE WEEK

25% '' L.L% '

TRT••••••• Irami••••.....

20% r7%

1.5% • u% 12% 10% r---- 1- O ' 5%

l' - 970 . h. Sunday , Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 5aturday

CRASH TIME OF DAY

25% ---r- 20% 20% 20%

15% - A '—' 12- 2%---12%---- 10% 19% '. 7%

5% 5% 5% f-- 5% 0% T T . i2Am- 2AM—4AM dAM-' AM 6AM- 11AM 8AM- aoAm- I2PM- 2PM- d PM 4PNI-- 6PM APM, 13PM , I3PM- lOPM, 2AM 160.4 ixeM it)M toOm 12i1M

A.-.of3- 1/ 10/ 2019' These, graphs only show the trends for Left Departure and Cross Median Crashes in Boxforitto Rowley Crash Data Summary Charts 1- 95 Left Departure Crashes in Boxford, Ma

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION 80% 66%

60%

40%

20% 20% 5% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Single Vehicle Rear- end Angle Sideswipe, SidesWine, Head on Rear to rear • Unknovin ttash same opposite direction . direction•

CRASH LIGHT CONDMON

80% . 66%

60%

40%

20% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% mom 0% Daylight. Pawn Dusk Dark- lightedDsolAverielagialoirligtrriech roadway ligt9ihgr OnknoWn

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION

45% -- 39% 40% 12% 35%

25%

10%

0% 7 Clear . 516uclv Rain Snow Steet. haii. og. smog, , Severe Blowing sand, Other . 1.inIth? wn, freezing rain ' smoke , croiswinds snow

of 3 4/ 10/ 2019' These graphs onlY Show the trends for Left Departure and.Cross Median Crashes. in Boxford to Rowley Crash Data Summary Charts 1- 95 Left- Departure Crashes in Boxford, Ma

CRASH ROAD SURFACE

40%

80% - 24%

23% 10% 7% 10% — , 0% 0% 1-- 1 0% 0% _

Dry Wet. Snow ice Sand, plod, Water Shish . Other unkfipwn dirt,- Olt ( t.tin ding, graVel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES 40% 34% 35% 30% - 25% —

1. 15% 5% 14% 15% - 12%

5% ___._ r---1 1 1 r—n 0% -,;-• i 519 20- 29 30- 39 40- 49 - 50- 59 , 66=69 70- 79 0 Unknown

Injury SeVelti 7104 63%

60%

50%

4p%

30% - 7 17% 2 0% 10% 10% 5% 5c,I4

1 111111111 0% K' 4 3 C 0 UnkhOWn

S= fa to iity A= IncaPatitating Injury B= Non- Indariacithtin§ Injury 4' PosSibly Inyry I Orpopeyty Damage only

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E A T e N l0 n m O\ O 1 N re, m M T M T T T M E A Tel e e e e ` tl C 5O J E o 3 an 50mn > Oavo 25 > .Lw, Crash Data Summary Charts Route 1- 95 Left Departure crashes in Georgetown and Newbury.

CRASH MONTH.

18% - 16% 16% -!--- 1416 .- i 12% 12%

9% 9%

7% 7% 8% •:-.--• 73 6% '— i 4% ----, 2 2% 50144 Jan Feb ! Mar Apr. May lap Jul Aug' • sep. • Oct NOv , De.

CRASH DAY OF THE WEEK

26%

21% 16Vo :

15% 1----/ 2%--- 12%

i9%9% o ____:—

5% --

0% . - Sunday. Monday' ' Tuesday Wednesday Thursd' ayFriday 5aturd0y

CRASH TIME OF DAY

64/ 1: 0 . 14% 14% - j,--

94,

2%----- 2%- i.

1.2Am- 244. 4AM 4AM 4' 0AM 6Ai4— 84‘ M : 8AM z. 10AM— ' 12PM— 2P1s4- 4PM 4pm- SPM 6P1v1;•. 8PM ' 8PM... 10PM 2AM 10AM 12PM .: 2PM 10PM 12AM,

1 of 3 1/ 2/ 146, Crash Data Summary Charts ROute. 1- 95 Left Departure cra§ hes: Iti Georgetown and' Newbury

CP45li MANNER Of COLLISION

80% ----- 7294

60% -

40%

0% 7% 2% 0% NEE 1111114 111111

sib& vehicle. Pear- end , Angle Sideswipe, Sideswipe, Head on , Rear to rear Unknown trash same opposite ire to dIrecton

CRASH LIGHT CONDITION

SO% bp

40% 30%

2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark- lighted Dark- POtk Other UnknOWn roadway roadWay not unknown liohle0 roadway Iightng

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION 10% — 077,3 60% -

50% —

40% • -

ci‘)/ 0 -

20% +— 7% 10 5 29fr 0%. 01700% 72% mil III

OW poi* floiri S( Oy? 5Ieet haiL fq, imog, soyoo 1310. 0g sand, other unknown crosswinds

tit a 1/ 2/ 2019, Crash Data Stimmaty Charts Route 1- 95 Left Departure crashes in Georgetown and Newbury

CRASH ROAD SURFACE

80%, - 72-%

50% — 40% ---- k% 20% , 1.1%---- 42% 5rs on— - tr%.- 1)54- 0% I- 1 r-i- - r--- 7 .

Orr Wet Snby. t ice sanrud, W4ter. • 3! ush Other U4nown dirt, bi, ( sOndin4, gravel moving}

1 CRASH DRIVER AGES 30% - lt6

25% 21% i..23g.__

11% 15% -- - 1.P% 10% - 5% 5°4 0% I I

1 1$ s19 20-29 30-39 40- 49 50-59 60- 9 70-79 ao Unkno. Yri 1

Injury Severity

50% I fap% ,

306/0 "- — -

20% - - Va 1 10% - 5% 2% 2% 1

ilmil B 1 C 1 6, I Unknown

K.- Fatality A. Intapacitatihg Injuri 4= Non- IncapacitOng injigy. Pc4sitoly Injury 13-.- Property() amaze only

S 03 1i2f2019

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s i a\ o . CO 0 1n N m a\ oLO l0 a\o N CO a O\ .- t N O O\ .+ 1\ O O O O O N\ E \ N. M M- A CO O N .- N N U E a O NO O O N .- e-' O 0 0 0 0 0N -' t E Lo. = t O . en HN M a V4t1 LO N COaO 2 N 11 y y .• i 1- 1 . al - 1 0 aIn3Lc cccc-3masJaa2CIncVaay kat

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w7 | \ 2 § / . 72t — ± = « - $15 u8415557 « ; e

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u [ 2 \ 2 2 _ E _ 0.5 2 _ S = q « / \ E Crash Data Summary Charts 1- 95 Left Departure Crashes in Newburyport

CRASH MONTH

18% — 3A 14% 12% - 1- 4-1% 1124- 11%--- 11%--- 11% 11% 1-1%- 10% —• 0:(). all um 5%_ 5% 0 ,:,_ ApA Ell m

0% • , II Al Jan Feb , Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF THE WM< 80%

50%

46%

30% .

20% 16%_ 11% 11% 10% -—- 5% 5% 0% 0% , F I- 7 F.. 1-- 1 Sunday Monday- Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

CRASH TIME Of DAY

2.50 21%

20%. 16% 1

15% 1 11% 11% 11% 11% 11%

10% ______5% — 5% - 11Fill 0% 0% 0% 0% . 1 1 I 12AM- 2AM 4AM AAM 6AM14 6AM, 8AM : 8AM z 10AM- ' 12PM- 2PM- 4PM APM- 6PM 6PNI- 8PM 8P141- 10PM- 2AM 1CiAM 12PM 2Pryi. OPM 12AM

1 of 3 i/ /2p16 Crash Data Summary Charts I- g5 Left Departure Crotie's irtNewburypprt

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION

60%'

40%

21% 20% --- 11% 11% 5% 1111 0% 0% 0%

Single vehicle pear- end Angle Sideswipe, Sideswipe, Head on earto rear Unknown crash sante Opposite direction direction

CRASH LIGHT CONDITION

80% p-----14-3

60%

40%

16% tr/ci 11%. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% • 111 Daylight < Dawn Dusk Dark- lighted Dark- park- Other Unknown

roadway road Way not tiriknown lighted roadway iighthig

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION

58% 60%

50% -

40% •--

0% -

20% 10yo 1N- 111- 1Y%- 6W-- M1°

clepr• Cloudy Rin. & VW, Sleet, háU1 fô Srnogi Severe BIOWIng sand, 130er Unknown friing rain smoke troiswinds snow-

a i/VO.1:6 Crash Data Summary Charts Left Departure crashes in Newhuryptrt

IOWA ROAD SUROACE 044-

60%

50% --

40% •

30.X

20%. 11%- 11% 10% r—i

Dry• Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, Water Slush Other Ptiknowri dfrti ittonding, teaVel

CRASH DRIVER AGES 35% - 29% 30% -

25%

26% - 14% 15% 11%

4% 4% 09, c0% 0% 71 19 20-29 30- 39 ' 40-49 50- 59 6p-,69 70- 79 46 : Unknown

Sevgrity Q% 5.diRa 50%

40% —

21% 20% ---

10% 5% 0% 0% 0%

A 8 C. tinknowri

AA ncapacfiratiisg Infurit Noalticapar1ta Inj4ry Pci0 61y irOry t),d-Pre.:ip.ditli-Daittage..0i-liv•

3 60 11212431