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Lake of the Woods Watershed Monitoring and Assessment Report

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Lake of the Woods Watershed Monitoring and Assessment Report Lake of the Woods Watershed Monitoring and Assessment Report March 2016 Authors The MPCA is reducing printing and mailing costs MPCA Lake of the Woods Watershed Report by using the Internet to distribute reports and Team: information to wider audience. Visit our April Andrews, Benjamin Lundeen, Nathan website for more information. Sather, Jesse Anderson, Bruce Monson, Cary MPCA reports are printed on 100 percent post- Hernandez, Sophia Vaughan, Jane de Lambert, consumer recycled content paper David Duffey, Shawn Nelson, Andrew Streitz, manufactured without chlorine or chlorine Stacia Grayson derivatives. Contributors / acknowledgements Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Minnesota Department of Health Minnesota Department of Agriculture Lake of the Woods county Soil and Water Conservation Districts Roseau county Soil and Water Conservation Districts The Red Lake Nation Project dollars provided by the Clean Water Fund (from the Clean Water, Land and Legacy Amendment) Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Road North | Saint Paul, MN 55155-4194 | 651-296-6300 | 800-657-3864 | Or use your preferred relay service. | [email protected] This report is available in alternative formats upon request, and online at www.pca.state.mn.us. Document number: wq-ws3-09030009 Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 The watershed monitoring approach ................................................................................................................ 3 Assessment methodology .................................................................................................................................. 6 Watershed overview ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Watershed-wide data collection methodology ................................................................................................ 24 Individual subwatershed results .......................................................................................................................... 30 Bostick Creek-Frontal Four Mile Bay Subwatershed HUC 0903000901-01 ............................ 33 Zippel Creek-Frontal Lake of the Woods Subwatershed HUC 0903000902-01 ............................ 38 Warroad River Subwatershed HUC 0903000903-01 ........................... 43 West Branch Warroad River Subwatershed HUC 0903000903-02 ............................ 47 East Branch Warroad River Subwatershed HUC 0903000903-03 ............................ 52 Muskeg Bay-Frontal Lake of the Woods Subwatershed HUC 0903000904-01 ............................ 57 Northwest Angle Inlet-Frontal Lake of the Woods Subwatershed HUC 0903000905-01 ............................. 62 Lake of the Woods Subwatershed HUC 0903000906-01 ............................. 63 Watershed-wide results and discussion ............................................................................................................... 69 Summaries and recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 80 Streams ........................................................................................................................................................... 80 Lakes ........................................................................................................................................................... 80 Groundwater ................................................................................................................................................... 80 Literature cited .................................................................................................................................................... 81 Appendix 1 - Water chemistry definitions ....................................................................................................... 85 Appendix 2 - Intensive watershed monitoring water chemistry stations in the Lake of the Woods Watershed ...................................................................................................................................................... 86 Appendix 3.1 - AUID table of stream assessment results (by parameter and beneficial use) ........................... 87 Appendix 3.2 - Assessment results for lakes in the Lake of the Woods Watershed.......................................... 89 Appendix 4.1 - Minnesota statewide IBI thresholds and confidence limits ...................................................... 90 Appendix 4.2 - Biological monitoring results – fish IBI (assessable reaches) .................................................... 91 Appendix 4.3 - Biological monitoring results-macroinvertebrate IBI (assessable reaches) ............................... 93 Appendix 5.1 - Minnesota’s ecoregion-based lake eutrophication standards .................................................. 94 Appendix 5.2 - MINLEAP model estimates of phosphorus loads for lakes in the Lake of the Woods Watershed ...................................................................................................................................................... 95 Appendix 6 – Fish species found during biological monitoring surveys ............................................................ 96 Appendix 7 – Macroinvertebrate species found during biological monitoring surveys .................................... 97 Figures Figure 1. Major watersheds within Minnesota (8-Digit HUC)........................................................................................ 3 Figure 2. The intensive watershed monitoring design. ................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3. Intensive watershed monitoring sites for streams in the Lake of the Woods Watershed. ............................ 5 Figure 4. Flowchart of aquatic life use assessment process. ......................................................................................... 9 Figure 5. The Lake of the Woods Watershed is within the Northern Minnesota Wetlands ecoregion of north central Minnesota. ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 6. Land use in the Lake of the Woods Watershed. ........................................................................................... 13 Figure 7. Map of percent modified streams by major watershed (8-HUC). ................................................................ 15 Figure 8. Comparison of natural to altered streams in the Lake of the Woods Watershed (percentages derived from the state-wide altered water course project). ....................................................................................... 16 Figure 9. State-wide precipitation levels during the 2012 water year. ....................................................................... 16 Figure 10. Precipitation trends in north central Minnesota (1991-2011) with five-year running average. ................ 17 Figure 11. Precipitation trends in north central Minnesota (1912-2011) with nine-year running average. ............... 17 Figure 12. Quaternary geology, glacial sediments within the Lake of the Woods Watershed (GIS Source: MGS, 2010) .............................................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 13. Western Province generalized cross section (Source: MDNR, 2001). ........................................................ 19 Figure 14. Average annual recharge rate to surficial materials in Lake of the Woods Watershed (1971-2000). ........ 19 Figure 15. Average annual potential recharge rate percent of grid cells in the Lake of the Woods Watershed (1996-2010)............................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 16. Average annual potential recharge rate percent of grid cells statewide (1996-2010) ............................... 21 Figure 17. Wetlands and surface water in the Lake of the Woods Watershed. Wetland data is from the National Wetlands Inventory. ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 18. Historic wetland loss by sub-watershed in the Lake of the Woods Watershed ......................................... 23 Figure 19. MPCA and USGS monitoring sites. .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 20. MPCA ambient groundwater monitoring well location within the Lake of the Woods Watershed. .......... 27 Figure 21. Arsenic occurrence in new wells in the Lake of the Woods area Minnesota (2008-2012). ....................... 28 Figure 22. Locations of permitted groundwater withdrawals in the Lake of the Woods Watershed. ........................ 29 Figure 23. Total annual groundwater and surface water withdrawals in the Lake of the Woods Watershed (1991-2011). ...............................................................................................................................................................
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