Working for Renewable Forest Resources

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Working for Renewable Forest Resources T oday’s Forest • Tomorrow’s Legacy T oday’s Forest • Tomorrow’s Legacy these factors can lead to serious and and federal forestry agencies and organiza- Deer Impact expensive mistakes. tions. Rhode Island forests, as Forests take decades to grow, but can be destroyed in just a few days of poorly USDA Natural Resources Conservation with much of the northeast Service Working for Renewable conducted cutting. Landowners can region, can regenerate (401) 828-1300 • www.ri.nrcs.usda.gov abundantly through the avoid these pitfalls by retaining a profes- • Obtain the Soil Survey Map of Rhode Island Forest Resources natural growth of sprouts sional forester who can identify which and assistance with the identification of and (coppice) on tree stumps. trees to be harvested, determine the vol- information about the soils on your proper- This form of natural forest ume to be removed, and how much ty; technical assistance with conservation imber, firewood, wildlife, amount, tree harvesting associated with regeneration has been value or income the landowner should planning and practices; and local conserva- clean water…We can have our commercial forestry operations repre- tion district contacts. greatly impacted by high receive. Foresters have been proven to forest and cut it too! There are sents less than one-fifth of the timber deer populations that heav- be well worth the money. Research has ways of managing forests to being removed in the state. The remain- ily browse the new sprouts Southern New England Logger Education shown the average landowner makes ing four-fifths of timber removals are on and older tree seedlings. Program Tassure that they remain ecologically Fencing and other methods more money from a timber sale adminis- Forest and Wood Products Institute sound while also meeting the needs of land that is being converted to some use for discouraging deer can tered by a competent forester, than by www.mwcc.mass.edu/HTML/FWP/ our society. The way we do this is other than timberland, such as land be costly and labor inten- selling the timber on his/her own. default.html through the application of the science of cleared for development or restricted sive. Contact RI DEM Call your public service forester, RI (978) 630-9334 forestry. Many woodland owners take from timber harvesting. If the state were Division of Forest DEM Division of Forest Environment at • Information about logger education pro- pride in managing their property while to maintain the current acreage of tim- Environment and Fish and gram, certification, and scheduled work- (401) 647-3367 for advice and assistance shops. at the same time allowing the forest to berland and manage it sustainably – har- Wildlife for more informa- with achieving your woodland goals in a Timber Access retain its diversity and beauty. vesting by best management practices tion on deer population way that protects and enhances the Northeastern Loggers’ Association Forestry that incorporates the full and taking no greater volume of wood control. Equipment access for tim- value of your property. Your public serv- www.loggertraining.com • (315) 369-3078 ber harvesting can often complement of environmental benefits is than grows each year – Rhode Island ice forester can provide you with: pose a practical, logistical known as “ecosystem management.” could increase both annual net growth of ¢ Forest cutting/harvesting regulations- USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, problem for many small This means managing forests to meet trees and production of wood products -assistance with the Intent to Cut State and Private Forestry acreage forest owners. human needs while maintaining healthy, several times over. application process. www.na.fs.fed.us Many small acreage forest diverse ecological conditions. This Links to Durham, NH Field Office ¢ Best Management Practices and over- properties are fronted by approach reflects an understanding of Sustainable Harvesting (603) 868-7600 site when working in forested wet- homes, garages, sheds, how forests function, and the recognition www.fs.fed.us/na/durham lawns & gardens, Managing the forest for forest products lands. Refer to factsheet Working for of the growing importance landowners • Information on Forest Stewardship, Fire stonewalls & patios, wells, and managing for biodiversity are com- Clean, Plentiful Water for more infor- Management, Conservation Education and and society place on non-timber values. and septic systems leaving patible goals. We can have our forest and mation about wetland laws. Sustainability, Economic Action Program, The goal of ecosystem management is to no area large enough to per- cut it too! The reason for this is simple: ¢ on-line library. maintain complexity, mimic natural dis- A list of consulting foresters and mit access to most standard both quality wood products and ecologi- types of large equipment. turbance, and work at a landscape scale. licensed wood operators. Cornell Cooperative Extension, Department cal health require a mature, diverse for- ¢ Ways to manage your woodlands in of Natural Resources Where one nearby property owner has enough road est. Timber harvesting traps carbon for an ecologically sustainable manner. (607) 255-2115 Renewable Forest Resources frontage or other access decades (or even centuries) in the form The decision to cut trees on your www.dnr.cornell.edu/ext/ext/index.htm Wood is a renewable resource and wood of boards, while back in the woods new publications: roads to allow for large property is an important one; don’t be products are often environmentally supe- trees go on absorbing carbon dioxide, an Programs and activities are available to www.dnr.cornell.edu/ext/ext/publications.htm equipment, it may then all persons without regard to race, color, rushed into a bad decision. CALL require passage through one rior to alternatives, such as steel and con- important step in combating global sex, disability, religion, age, sexual ori- • A Guide to Logging Aesthetics, other publica- entation, or national origin. BEFORE YOU CUT! tions on timber and firewood production or more neighboring proper- crete, which require far more fossil-fuel warming. on small acreage woodland plots. ties to ultimately reach your energy to produce than lumber. Rhode This project is a collaboration of the property. This situation Southern New England Forest Where to do I turn for more Islanders, like all Americans, are large There are two parts to managing 1 presents an opportunity for Consortium, Inc. , and the University information and help? A Forest Landowner’s Guide to Internet consumers of wood products. Americans of Rhode Island Cooperative Extension Resources: States of the Northeast several forest owners to par- for quality timber products: 2 consume 25 percent of all the wood prod- Home*A*Syst Program . Written by ticipate jointly in a tree har- intermediate thinnings and 2 www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/misc/ir/index.htm Holly K. Burdett , Christopher RI DEM Division of Forest Environment ucts produced in the world! Yet, while Modisette1, Alyson McCann2 and (401) 647-3367 • www.dem.ri.gov • Publications and factsheets for: Economics vest, reducing costs and regeneration harvests 2 Rhode Islanders consume more and more Brianne Neptin . Special thanks to all •Talk with a state service forester of Forest Investments; Tree other obstacles. Refer to publication reviewers. Funding for this wood products, our own forest produc- • Obtain information and assistance with for- Identification/Species Info; Forest Health factsheet Working With project was provided by the USDA and Protection; Tree tion declines – not because our forests are Improvement Thinning Forest Service in cooperation with the est management, forest harvesting opera- Your Neighbors— Rhode Island Department of Planting/Regeneration; Forest tions and laws; a list of consulting foresters Reconnecting Forest depleted—but because we choose to Young trees grow in dense stands or Environmental Management Division Management Planning; Sustainability and Fragments for more ideas import all we can. Some imports come of Forest Environment and the USDA and licensed wood operators; Best Certification; Silviculture; Forest Sampling groups, filling the gaps created in the Renewable Resources Extension Act, Management Practices for Rhode Island: Water involving group projects. from as far away as British Columbia and URI Cooperative Extension. and Inventory; Forest Harvesting forest after some type of disturbance Quality Protection and Forest Management Operations; Timber Sales; Special Forest the rainforests of Indonesia. (fire, harvesting, insects, storms). Most Guidelines. Products; Riparian Forest & Wetland Mgmt; Rhode Island forests can grow Glossaries of Forestry Terms; Miscellaneous trees gradually die out of the stand superb timber. However, they are cur- through competition over time. Forestry Rhode Island Forest Conservators rently producing far less than their Organization (RIFCO) practices known as improvement thin- potential capacity. Furthermore, few nings present an opportunity to periodi- (401) 568-3421 • www.rifco.org Rhode Island woodlands are being man- • Educational programs and events, newslet- cally thin the stand, removing some trees ter, Rhode Island Tree Farm Program, links aged to grow the best wood. so that others can grow better. Growth to numerous publications and local, state, Currently, we are only harvesting can be concentrated on those remaining 12% of our annual growth. Of this T oday’s Forest • Tomorrow’s Legacy trees that have the best
Recommended publications
  • Non-Timber Forest Products
    Agrodok 39 Non-timber forest products the value of wild plants Tinde van Andel This publication is sponsored by: ICCO, SNV and Tropenbos International © Agromisa Foundation and CTA, Wageningen, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. First edition: 2006 Author: Tinde van Andel Illustrator: Bertha Valois V. Design: Eva Kok Translation: Ninette de Zylva (editing) Printed by: Digigrafi, Wageningen, the Netherlands ISBN Agromisa: 90-8573-027-9 ISBN CTA: 92-9081-327-X Foreword Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are wild plant and animal pro- ducts harvested from forests, such as wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edi- ble roots, honey, palm leaves, medicinal plants, poisons and bush meat. Millions of people – especially those living in rural areas in de- veloping countries – collect these products daily, and many regard selling them as a means of earning a living. This Agrodok presents an overview of the major commercial wild plant products from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. It explains their significance in traditional health care, social and ritual values, and forest conservation. It is designed to serve as a useful source of basic information for local forest dependent communities, especially those who harvest, process and market these products. We also hope that this Agrodok will help arouse the awareness of the potential of NTFPs among development organisations, local NGOs, government officials at local and regional level, and extension workers assisting local communities. Case studies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Central and South Africa, the Pacific, Colombia and Suriname have been used to help illustrate the various important aspects of commercial NTFP harvesting.
    [Show full text]
  • Old-Growth Forests
    Pacific Northwest Research Station NEW FINDINGS ABOUT OLD-GROWTH FORESTS I N S U M M A R Y ot all forests with old trees are scientifically defined for many centuries. Today’s old-growth forests developed as old growth. Among those that are, the variations along multiple pathways with many low-severity and some Nare so striking that multiple definitions of old-growth high-severity disturbances along the way. And, scientists forests are needed, even when the discussion is restricted to are learning, the journey matters—old-growth ecosystems Pacific coast old-growth forests from southwestern Oregon contribute to ecological diversity through every stage of to southwestern British Columbia. forest development. Heterogeneity in the pathways to old- growth forests accounts for many of the differences among Scientists understand the basic structural features of old- old-growth forests. growth forests and have learned much about habitat use of forests by spotted owls and other species. Less known, Complexity does not mean chaos or a lack of pattern. Sci- however, are the character and development of the live and entists from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station, dead trees and other plants. We are learning much about along with scientists and students from universities, see the structural complexity of these forests and how it leads to some common elements and themes in the many pathways. ecological complexity—which makes possible their famous The new findings suggest we may need to change our strat- biodiversity. For example, we are gaining new insights into egies for conserving and restoring old-growth ecosystems. canopy complexity in old-growth forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Science, Education and Outreach Roadmap for Natural Resources
    May 2014 Science, Education and Outreach Roadmap for Natural Resources Prepared by Association of Public and Land-grant Universities Board on Natural Resources Board on Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate May 2014 Science, Education and Outreach Roadmap for Natural Resources Prepared by Association of Public and Land-grant Universities Board on Natural Resources Board on Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate About this Publication To reference this publication, please use the following citation: Association of Public and Land-grant Universities, Board on Natural Resources and Board on Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climate, "Science, Education and Outreach Roadmap for Natural Resources," May 2014. An electronic version of this publication is available here: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47169 For more information about this publication, contact: Dan Edge [email protected] Wendy Fink [email protected] Cover photo and document design: Caryn M. Davis, Forestry Communications, Oregon State University. Additional images courtesy of Bryan Bernart Photography; Logan Bernart, OSU; Matt Betts, OSU; Dai Crisp, Lumos Winery; Kevin Davis; Terrence E. Davis; Camille Freitag, OSU; Dave Leer, OSU; Kansas Department of Transportation; Marcus Kauffman, Oregon Department of Forestry; Garrett Meigs, OSU; Brenda Miraglia; Oregon Department of Transportation, Oregon Forest Resources Institute (OFRI); Oregon Natural Resources Education Program (ONREP); OSU College Forests; OSU News & Communications; USDA Forest Service, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Wisconsin Department of Transportation; Harold Zald, OSU. Contents 7 Introduction 16 Grand Challenge 1: Sustainability We need to conserve and manage natural landscapes and maintain environmental quality while optimizing renewable resource productivity to meet increasing human demands for natural resources, particularly with respect to increasing water, food, and energy demands.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Resources and Conflict
    EU-UN Partnership TOOLKIT AND GUIDANCE FOR PREVENTING AND MANAGING Strengthening Capacity for the Consensual and Sustainable LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFLICT Management of Land and Natural Resources The management of land and natural resources is one of the most critical challenges facing developing countries today. The exploitation of high-value natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals and timber has often been cited as a key factor in triggering, escalating or sustaining violent conicts around the globe. Furthermore, increasing competition and Renewable Resources and Conflict conict for diminishing renewable resources, such as land and water, is on the rise. This is being further aggravated by environmental degradation, population growth and climate change. The mismanagement of land and natural resources is contributing to new conicts and obstructing the peaceful resolution of existing ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To improve capacity for land and natural resource management and conict prevention, the European Union partnered with the Expert Reference Group of the UN Framework Team (FT) in late 2008. The aim of this partnership was to develop and implement a strategic multi-agency project focused on building the capacity of national stakeholders, the United Nations system, and the European Union to prevent land and natural resources from contributing to violent conict. Six UN agencies, programme or departments have been involved, including UNDP, DPA, UNEP, PBSO, UN-HABITAT and DESA. The partnership is also designed to enhance policy development and programme coordination between key actors at the eld level. The rst outcome of this project is an inventory of existing tools and capacity within the UN system and a set of four Guidance Notes on addressing natural resource management and conict prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renewables Portfolio Standard
    THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD A Practical Guide Nancy Rader Scott Hempling Prepared for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners February 2001 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Referenced herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United State Government or any agency thereof. The report was authored by Nancy Rader and Scott Hempling. Throughout the preparation process, the members of NARUC Committee/Staff Subcommittee on Energy Resources and the Environment provided the authors with editorial comments and suggestions. However, the views and opinions expressed herein are strictly those of the author and may not necessarily agree with positions of NARUC or those of the U.S. Department of Energy. Written comments are encouraged Table of Contents Acknowledgments .............................................................................viii Executive Summary ........................................................................... ix Chapter One: Introduction . 1 I. The Renewable Portfolio Standard: A Brief Description ........................1 II. The Goals of the Renewables Portfolio Standard ..............................2 A. The Market-Based Nature of the RPS Maximizes Efficiency ...................3 B. Various Benefits Are Associated with Renewable Energy .....................3 III. Overview of The Report ..................................................5 Chapter Two: Shaping the Statewide Renewable Energy Goal .......................7 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 25: Earth Resources
    Resources and the Environment erds of scimitar-horned oryx meander across the H rolling hills and meadows of The Wilds, a unique, 4000 ha wildlife preserve and environmental education center in rural Ohio. The Wilds was developed on land donated by a local power company after the area was strip- mined for coal. When resources such as coal are removed by surface mining, reclamation not only can restore the area to its former contours, but also can provide new edu- cational and recreational activities for local residents. Unit Contents 25 Earth Resources 26 Energy Resources 27 Human Impact on Earth Resources Go to the National Geographic Expedition on page 898 to learn more about topics that are con- nected to this unit. 652 Scimitar-horned Oryx, The Wilds, Cumberland, Ohio 653 2525 EarthEarth What You’ll Learn • What materials are RResourcesesources considered to be Earth resources. • Which Earth resources are renewable and which are nonrenewable. • How Earth resources are used. Why It’s Important Earth resources can be derived from either living or nonliving things. Many Earth resources are essen- tial for life. Once used, some resources cannot be replaced, whereas others can be replaced in rela- tively short periods of time. The use of Earth resources must be bal- anced for life on Earth to continue. To learn more about earth resources, visit the Earth Science Web Site at earthgeu.com Ancient ruins in Cork, Ireland 654 EnvironmentalEnvironmental ConnectionConnection DDiscoveryiscovery LLabab Origins of Resources All the material goods that you easily replaced or not replaceable, use every day are matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology: Biodiversity and Natural Resources Part 1
    CK-12 FOUNDATION Ecology: Biodiversity and Natural Resources Part 1 Akre CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the “FlexBook,” CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning. Copyright © 2010 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share Alike 3.0 Un- ported (CC-by-NC-SA) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Specific details can be found at http://about.ck12.org/terms. Printed: October 11, 2010 Author Barbara Akre Contributor Jean Battinieri i www.ck12.org Contents 1 Ecology: Biodiversity and Natural Resources Part 1 1 1.1 Lesson 18.1: The Biodiversity Crisis ............................... 1 1.2 Lesson 18.2: Natural Resources .................................. 32 2 Ecology: Biodiversity and Natural Resources Part I 49 2.1 Chapter 18: Ecology and Human Actions ............................ 49 2.2 Lesson 18.1: The Biodiversity Crisis ............................... 49 2.3 Lesson 18.2: Natural Resources .................................. 53 www.ck12.org ii Chapter 1 Ecology: Biodiversity and Natural Resources Part 1 1.1 Lesson 18.1: The Biodiversity Crisis Lesson Objectives • Compare humans to other species in terms of resource needs and use, and ecosystem service benefits and effects.
    [Show full text]
  • “Catastrophic” Wildfire a New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health by Chad Hanson, Ph.D
    John Muir Project Technical Report 1 • Winter 2010 • www.johnmuirproject.org The Myth of “Catastrophic” Wildfire A New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health by Chad Hanson, Ph.D. Contents The Myth of “Catastrophic” Wildfire: A New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health 1 Preface 1 Executive Summary 4 Myths and Facts 6 Myth/Fact 1: Forest fire and home protection 6 Myth/Fact 2: Ecological effects of high-intensity fire 7 Myth/Fact 3: Forest fire intensity 12 Myth/Fact 4: Forest regeneration after high-intensity fire 13 Myth/Fact 5: Forest fire extent 14 Myth/Fact 6: Climate change and fire activity 17 Myth/Fact 7: Dead trees and forest health 19 Myth/Fact 8: Particulate emissions from high-intensity fire 20 Myth/Fact 9: Forest fire and carbon sequestration 20 Myth/Fact 10: “Thinning” and carbon sequestration 22 Myth/Fact 11: Biomass extraction from forests 23 Summary: For Ecologically “Healthy Forests”, We Need More Fire and Dead Trees, Not Less. 24 References 26 Photo Credits 30 Recommended Citation 30 Contact 30 About the Author 30 The Myth of “Catastrophic” Wildfire A New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health ii The Myth of “Catastrophic” Wildfire: A New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health By Chad Hanson, Ph.D. Preface In the summer of 2002, I came across two loggers felling fire-killed trees in the Star fire area of the Eldorado National Forest in the Sierra Nevada. They had to briefly pause their activities in order to let my friends and I pass by on the narrow dirt road, and in the interim we began a conversation.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Ecosystem Services: Cultural Values
    Trees At Work: Economic Accounting for Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South 11 Chapter 2 Forest Ecosystem Services: Cultural Values Melissa M. Kreye, Damian C. Adams, Ramesh Ghimire, Wayde Morse, Taylor Stein, J.M. Bowker WHAT ARE CULTURAL SERVICES? associated ecosystem and human components. However, our understanding of the many factors that give rise to cultural ow we define “culture” and societal well-being related ecosystem services is still a matter of ongoing investigation. to culture depends heavily on who is looking at it, but culture can be generally described as “the customs and H There is good reason for investigating the cultural ecosystem beliefs of a particular group of people that are used to express service values associated with forests: they are critical to our their collectively held values” (Soulbury Commission 2012). understanding of the value of forest land and the benefits of In the context of forests, culturally derived norms, beliefs, forest conservation. The U.S. South is expected to lose 30-43 and values help drive preferences for forested landscapes and million forest acres to urbanization between 1997 and 2060 forest-based benefits such as diversity and identity, justice, (Wear and Greis 2002), and structural changes in southeastern education, freedom, and spirituality (Farber and others 2002, ecosystems are expected to impact the provision of a wide Fisher and others 2009, Kellert 1996). Environmental policies range of cultural ecosystem service benefits (Bowker and others and responsible forest management can enhance how forests 2013). Concurrently, social trends also suggest that youth are help give rise to and support cultural ecosystem service values.
    [Show full text]
  • Current U.S. Forest Data and Maps
    CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA AND MAPS Forest age FIA MapMaker CURRENT U.S. Forest ownership TPO Data FOREST DATA Timber harvest AND MAPS Urban influence Forest covertypes Top 10 species Return to FIA Home Return to FIA Home NEXT Productive unreserved forest area CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA (timberland) in the U.S. by region and AND MAPS stand age class, 2002 Return 120 Forests in the 100 South, where timber production West is highest, have 80 s the lowest average age. 60 Northern forests, predominantly Million acreMillion South hardwoods, are 40 of slightly older in average age and 20 Western forests have the largest North concentration of 0 older stands. 1-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100- 120- 140- 160- 200- 240- 280- 320- 400+ 119 139 159 199 240 279 319 399 Stand-age Class (years) Return to FIA Home Source: National Report on Forest Resources NEXT CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA Forest ownership AND MAPS Return Eastern forests are predominantly private and western forests are predominantly public. Industrial forests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. Timber harvest by county FOREST DATA AND MAPS Return Timber harvests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. The South is the largest timber producing region in the country accounting for nearly 62% of all U.S. timber harvest. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’S Living Treasure
    OLOGIC OR BI AL DI Y F VER DA SI L TY A 2 N 2 IO M T a A y N 2 R 0 E 1 T 1 N I FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’s Living Treasure INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 22 May 2011 FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’s Living Treasure Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN: 92-9225-298-4 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). Forest Biodiversity—Earth’s Living Treasure. Montreal, 48 pages. For further information, please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: 1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cbd.int Design & typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover illustration: Cover illustration: Untitled, 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Earths Materials
    EARTH’S MATERIALS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Name__________________________ Date_____ Block____ Natural Resources A natural resource is a useful material that comes from the Earth. Natural resources can be classified as non-renewable, renewable, or inexhaustible. People use natural resources to meet their basic needs and to make their lives better. People need natural resources for daily life. We use these resources to meet our basic needs, such as the need for water or shelter. But we also use the resources to make things that make our lives easier and better. Some of Earth's resources are present in limited amounts. Other resources can be replaced almost as fast as we use them. Still other kinds of resources can never be used up. These three kinds of resources are called non-renewable resources, renewable resources, and inexhaustible resources. Non-Renewable Resources Metals, rocks, oil, and natural gas are non-renewable resources. Non-renewable resources can be used up. • Metals—We use metal to build homes and other buildings. We make cans to hold drinks and food. We make cars and buses so we can go places. We make silverware to eat with. We dig metal ore out of the Earth and use it to make steel for buildings, cars, and buses. • Rocks—Rocks are earth materials, usually made of minerals. Rocks can be found in and on Earth's crust. Many kinds of rocks are considered to be non-renewable resources because they can take hundreds to millions of years to form. Rocks are used for building roads, bridges, and buildings. Sand, which is a kind of rock, can be melted and processed to make glass.
    [Show full text]