A Specific, Sensitive Method for the Determination of Hyaluronatel
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Healon®) on a Nonregeneroting (Feline) Corneal Endothelium
Effect of 1 % Sodium Hyoluronote (Healon®) on a Nonregeneroting (Feline) Corneal Endothelium Charles F. Bahn,* Robert Grosserode,f^: David C. Musch,f Joseph Feder,f§ Roger F. Meyer, f Donald K. MacCallum.f John H. Lillie,f and Norman M. Rich* A series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon®) on the nonregenerating corneal endothelium of the cat. Aqueous humor replacement with 1% sodium hyaluronate resulted in mild, transient elevations of intraocular pressure compared to eyes that were injected with balanced salt solution. Sodium hyaluronate 1% protected the feline endothelium against cell loss incurred by contact with hyaluronate-coated intraocular lenses compared to endothelial contact with lenses that were not coated with sodium hyaluronate. The use of intraoperative 1% sodium hyal- uronate, however, did not protect against endothelial cell loss incurred by penetrating keratoplasty or prevent subsequent skin graft-induced corneal homograft rejections. Homograft rejections were milder, however, in some eyes that received grafts coated with 1% sodium hyaluronate. Image analysis of pho- tographs of trypan blue- and alizarin red-stained corneal buttons after trephining, stretching of Descemet's membrane, rubbing against iris-lens preparations, or immediately after penetrating keratoplasty dem- onstrated that the stretching of the posterior cornea is an important cause of endothelial damage that would not be protected against by a viscoelastic coating. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 27:1485-1494,1986 -
Production of Dialdehyde Cellulose and Periodate Regeneration: Towards Feasible Oxidation Processes
Production of Dialdehyde Cellulose and Periodate Regeneration: Towards feasible oxidation processes Produktion av dialdehydcellulosa och återgenerering av perjodat: Mot möjliga oxidationsprocesser Elisabeth Höglund Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences Chemistry 30 hp Supervisors: Susanne Hansson, Stora Enso & Gunilla Carlsson, Karlstad University Examinator: Thomas Nilsson 2015-09-25 ABSTRACT Cellulose is an attractive raw material that has lately become more interesting thanks to its degradability and renewability and the environmental awareness of our society. With the intention to find new material properties and applications, studies on cellulose derivatization have increased. Dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) is a derivative that is produced by selective cleavage of the C2-C3 bond in an anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain, utilizing sodium periodate (NaIO4) that works as a strong oxidant. At a fixed temperature, the reaction time as well as the amount of added periodate affect the resulting aldehyde content. DAC has shown to have promising properties, and by disintegrating the dialdehyde fibers into fibrils, thin films with extraordinary oxygen barrier at high humidity can be achieved. Normally, barrier properties of polysccharide films deteriorate at higher humidity due to their hygroscopic character. This DAC barrier could therefore be a potential environmentally-friendly replacement for aluminum which is utilized in many food packages today. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities to produce dialdehyde cellulose at an industrial level, where the regeneration of consumed periodate plays a significant role to obtain a feasible process. A screening of the periodate oxidation of cellulose containing seven experiments was conducted by employing the program MODDE for experimental design. -
VISCO-3 (Sodium Hyaluronate)
Patient Information VISCO-3TM (Sodium Hyaluronate) Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. Please make sure to read the following important information carefully. This information does not take the place of your doctor’s advice. If you do not understand this information or want to know more, ask your doctor. Your doctor has determined that the knee pain you are experiencing is caused by osteoarthritis and that you are a candidate for a non-surgical, non-pharmacological, pain-relieving therapy called VISCO-3TM. VISCO-3TM is used for the treatment of pain in osteoarthritis of the knee in patients who have failed to get adequate relief from simple painkillers or from exercise and physical therapy. Contents What is VISCO-3TM? 2 What are the benefits of VISCO-3TM? 2 How is VISCO-3TM given? 2 What should you expect following your series of injections? 2 What other treatments are available for osteoarthritis? 3 Are there any reasons why you should not use VISCO-3TM? 3 Possible complications: 3 Other things you should know about VISCO-3 TM: 4 Summary of Clinical Study: 4 How can you get more information about VISCO-3TM? 5 Page 1 of 5 What is VISCO-3TM? VISCO-3TM is a solution made of highly purified, sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronan). Hyaluronan is a natural chemical found in the body and is found in particularly high amounts in joint tissues and in the fluid (synovial fluid) that fills the joints. The body’s own hyaluronan acts like a lubricant and shock absorber in synovial fluid of a healthy joint. -
Studies on Recoil Chemistry of Iodine-128 in Aqueous
Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 22A,June 1983,pp. 514-515 Studies on Recoil Chemistry of Iodine-128 The distribution of 1281 activity in various in Aqueous Sodium Periodate Solution radioactive products during radiolysis ofaq. Nal04 in under (n, y) Process] the presence of additives is given in Table I. The yields of radioiodide and radioperiodate fractions increase with increase in [additive], whereas, that of s P MISHRA*, R TRIPATHI & R B SHARMA radioiodide fraction decreases. Also, with increase in Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 [additive], the radio-iodate, -iodide and -periodate yields reach the limiting values of about 36, 50 and 16% Received 16July 1981,revised II October 1982;accepted 5 November 1982 respectively. It is difficult to provide quantitative treatment of per 128 128 The retention of 1 in the form of 104- ions following(n, y) cent yields of stable end products of recoil 1 in the process,in aqueous solutions of Na104, has been measuredin the form of 1-, 103 and 10i on the basis of various presenceof chloride and acetate additives.The retention value in models of reentry processes. It appears that the crystallineNaI04 at room temperature (25°C)is-4% whereas in aqueous solution irradiated at 25°C and also at liquid nitrogen ultimate fate of recoil atoms is mainly decided by temperature the values are 6.9 and 15% respectively.Yields of chemical reactions. In aqueous solution the target ions radioperiodateand radioiodidefractionsincreasewith the increase are surrounded by large number of water molecules in [additive] whereas that of radioiodate fraction decreases.The and except in very concentrated solutions the results are explained in the light of a model which invokes the probability that 1281 atoms will hit an inactive target oxidizing-reducingnature of the intermediates produced during ion in a hot collision is much smaller, because of a large neutron irradiation. -
Management of Joint Disease in the Sport Horse
1 MANAGEMENT OF JOINT DISEASE IN THE SPORT HORSE Management of Joint Disease in the Sport Horse C. WAYNE MCILWRAITH Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado INTRODUCTION The joint is an organ, and there are a number of ways in which traumatic damage occurs, ultimately resulting in degradation of articular cartilage. It was recognized in 1966 that articular cartilage change that accompanied osteochondral fragmentation could also be associated with concurrent traumatic damage to the attachment of the joint capsule and ligaments (Raker et al., 1966). However, there was little association made between primary disease in the synovial membrane and fibrous joint capsule and the development of osteoarthritic change in the articular cartilage until an experimental study demonstrated that cartilage degradation could occur in the horse in the absence of instability or trau- matic disruption of tissue and that loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining was associated with early morphologic breakdown at the surface of the cartilage (McIlwraith and Van Sickle, 1984). Surveys have confirmed that approximately 60% of lameness problems are related to osteoarthritis (National Animal Health Monitoring Systems, 2000; Caron and Genovese, 2003). Rapid resolution of synovitis and capsuli- tis is a critical part of the medical treatment of joint disease because of the principal role of synovitis in causing cartilage matrix breakdown. The goal of treatment of traumatic entities of the joint is twofold: (1) returning the joint to normal as quickly as possible, and (2) preventing the occurrence or reduction of the severity of osteoarthritis. In other words, treatment is intended to (1) reduce pain (lameness), and (2) minimize progression of joint deterioration. -
(HA) Viscosupplementation on Synovial Fluid Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis: a Pilot Study
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 378 The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 2013, 7, 378-384 Open Access Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Viscosupplementation on Synovial Fluid Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study Heather K. Vincent*,1, Susan S. Percival2, Bryan P. Conrad1, Amanda N. Seay1, Cindy Montero1 and 1 Kevin R. Vincent 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Interdisciplinary Center for Musculoskeletal Training and Research, 2Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Abstract: Objective: This study examined the changes in synovial fluid levels of cytokines, oxidative stress and viscosity six months after intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment in adults and elderly adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: This was a prospective, repeated-measures study design in which patients with knee OA were administered 1% sodium hyaluronate. Patients (N=28) were stratified by age (adults, 50-64 years and elderly adults, 65 years). Ambulatory knee pain values and self-reported physical activity were collected at baseline and month six. Materials and Methods: Knee synovial fluid aspirates were collected at baseline and at six months. Fluid samples were analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1, 6,8,12, tumor necrosis factor-, monocyte chemotactic protein), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 4, 10 13), oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal) and viscosity at two different physiological shear speeds 2.5Hz and 5Hz. Results: HA improved ambulatory knee pain in adults and elderly groups by month six, but adults reported less knee pain- related interference with participation in exercise than elderly adults. A greater reduction in TNF- occurred in adults compared to elderly adults (-95.8% ± 7.1% vs 19.2% ± 83.8%, respectively; p=.044). -
US 2014/0371494 A1 Tirtowidjojo Et Al
US 20140371494A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0371494 A1 Tirtowidjojo et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 18, 2014 (54) PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF Related U.S. Application Data CHLORINATED PROPANES AND PROPENES (60) Provisional application No. 61/570,028, filed on Dec. 13, 2011, provisional application No. 61/583,799, (71) Applicant: DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES filed on Jan. 6, 2012. LLC, Midland, MI (US) Publication Classification (72) Inventors: Max Markus Tirtowidjojo, Lake Jackson, TX (US); Matthew Lee (51) Int. C. Grandbois, Midland, MI (US); William C07C 17/013 (2006.01) J. Kruper, JR., Sanford, MI (US); C07C 17/23 (2006.01) Edward M. Calverley, Midland, MI (52) U.S. C. (US); David Stephen Laitar, Midland, CPC ............... C07C 17/013 (2013.01); C07C 17/23 MI (US); Kurt Frederick Hirksekorn, (2013.01) Midland, MI (US) USPC ........... 570/230; 570/261; 570/101: 570/254; 570/234; 570/235 (21) Appl. No.: 14/365,143 (57) ABSTRACT (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 12, 2012 Processes for the production of chlorinated propanes and propenes are provided. The present processes comprise cata (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US12A69230 lyzing at least one chlorination step with one or more regios S371 (c)(1), elective catalysts that provide a regioselectivity to one chlo (2), (4) Date: Jun. 13, 2014 ropropane of at least 5:1 relative to other chloropropanes. US 2014/0371494 A1 Dec. 18, 2014 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF made use of catalyst systems and/or initiators that are recov CHLORINATED PROPANES AND PROPENES erable or otherwise reusable, or were capable of the addition of multiple chlorine atoms per reaction pass as compared to FIELD conventional processes. -
Novel Heparin-Like Sulfated Polysaccharides
^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ II ^ ^ ^ II ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets EP 0 940 410 A1 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt CI * C08B 37/08, A61 K 31/73, 08.09.1999 Bulletin 1999/36 A61 K 47/36 A61 1_ 27/00 (21) Application number: 99200468.9 (22) Date of filing: 23.03.1995 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Magnani, Agnese AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL 153010 San Rocco A. Philli (IT) PT SE • Cialdi, Gloria Deceased (IT) (30) Priority: 23.03.1994 IT PD940054 (74) Representative: (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in Crump, Julian Richard John et al accordance with Art. 76 EPC: FJ Cleveland, 9591 31 58.2 / 0 702 699 40-43 Chancery Lane London WC2A1JQ(GB) (71) Applicant: FIDIA ADVANCED BIOPOLYMERS S.R.L. Remarks: 72100 Brindisi (IT) »This application was filed on 18 - 02 - 1999 as a divisional application to the application mentioned (72) Inventors: under INID code 62. • Barbucci, Rolando »The application is published incomplete (there is no 53100 Siena (IT) claim number 9)as filed (Article 93 (2) EPC). (54) Novel heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides (57) The invention provides sulfated derivatives of jects and pharmaceutical compositions comprising polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid and hyaluronic these derivatives. The invention further provides for the acid esters exhbiting anticoagulant, antithrombotic and use of these derivatives in the manufacture of pharma- angiogenic activity, for use in the biomedical area. The ceutical compositions, biomedical objects, biomaterials, invention further provides complex ions, biomedical ob- and controlled drug release systems. -
Recent Advances in Equine Osteoarthritis Annette M Mccoy, DVM, MS, Phd, DACVS; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine
Recent Advances in Equine Osteoarthritis Annette M McCoy, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVS; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine Introduction It is widely recognized that osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of chronic lameness in horses and that it places a significant burden on the equine industry due to the cost of treatment and loss of use of affected animals. Depending on the disease definition and target population, the reported prevalence of OA varies. It was reported at 13.9% in a cross-sectional survey of horses in the UK, but at 97% (defined by loss of range of motion) in a group of horses over 30 years of age. Among Thoroughbred racehorses that died within 60 days of racing, 33% had at least one full-thickness cartilage lesion in the metacarpophalangeal joint, and the severity of cartilage lesions strongly correlated with a musculoskeletal injury leading to death. The majority of the horses in this study were less than 3 years of age, emphasizing the importance of OA in young equine athletes. Unfortunately, a major challenge in managing OA is that by the time clinical signs occur (i.e. lameness), irreversible cartilage damage has already occurred. Although novel treatment modalities are being tested that show promise for modulation of the course of disease, such as viral vector delivery of genes that produce anti-inflammatory products, there are no generally accepted treatments that can be used to reliably reverse its effects once a clinical diagnosis has been made. Thus, there is much research effort being put both into the development of improved diagnostic markers and the development of new treatments for this devastating disease. -
Development and Application of Ribose Oxidation Sequencing (Riboxi-Seq) Yinzhou Zhu University of Connecticut, [email protected]
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 6-7-2018 Development and Application of Ribose Oxidation Sequencing (RibOxi-seq) Yinzhou Zhu University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Zhu, Yinzhou, "Development and Application of Ribose Oxidation Sequencing (RibOxi-seq)" (2018). Doctoral Dissertations. 1881. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/1881 Development and Application of Ribose Oxidation Sequencing (RibOxi-seq) Yinzhou Zhu, PhD University of Connecticut, 2018 In eukaryotes, a number of RNA sites are modified by 2’-O methylation (2’-OMe). Such editing is mostly guided by BoxC/D class small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). These snoRNAs direct methylation via complementary RNA-RNA interactions. 2’-OMe has so far been shown to be present in rRNAs, tRNAs and some small RNAs and has been implicated in ribosome maturation and translational circuitries. A substantial portion of known methylated sites in rRNA lie in close proximity to ribosome functional sites such as regions around the peptidyl transferase center. It is not yet clear whether many mRNAs might possess internal 2’-OMe sites. It is therefore important to characterize 2’-OMe landscapes. We have developed a novel method for the highly accurate and transcriptome-wide detection of 2’-OMe sites. The core principle of this method is to randomly digest RNAs to expose 2’-OMe sites at the 3’-ends of digested RNA fragments. Next, an oxidation step using sodium periodate destroys all fragment-3’-ends except those that are 2’-O methylated. Only these oxidation-resistant fragments are available for linker ligation and subsequent sequencing library preparation. -
Chondroitin Sulfate/Sodium Hyaluronate Compositions
~" ' Nil II II II III III II III MINI Ml J European Patent Office _ © Publication number: 0 136 782 B1 Office europeen* des.. brevets , EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION © Date of publication of patent specification: 18.03.92 © Int. CI.5: A61 K 31/735 © Application number: 84305221.8 @ Date of filing: 01.08.84 © Chondroitln sulfate/sodium hyaluronate compositions. © Priority: 09.08.83 US 521575 © Proprietor: NESTLE SA Avenue Nestle 55 @ Date of publication of application: CH-1800 Vevey(CH) 10.04.85 Bulletin 85/15 @ Inventor: Chang, Allison S. © Publication of the grant of the patent: 7894 Falrview Road 18.03.92 Bulletin 92/12 Lesage West Virginia 25537(US) Inventor: Boyd, James Edward © Designated Contracting States: Route 1 P.O. Box 135 CH DE FR GB IT LI SE Barbourville West Virginia 25504(US) Inventor: Koch, Harold Otto © References cited: 1017 Big Bend Road Barbourville West Virginia 25504(US) CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 98, no. 19, 9th Inventor: Johnson, Richard Michael May 1983, page 44, no. 155193n, Columbus, 905 Woodbine Avenue Ohio, US; S.M. MAC RAE et al.: "The effects Rochester New York 14619(US) of sodium hyaluronate, chondroitln sulfate, and methylcellulose on the corneal endo- thelium and intraocular pressure", & AM. J. Representative: W.P. Thompson & Co. OPHTHALMOL. 1983, 95(3), 332-41 Coopers Building, Church Street Liverpool L1 3AB(GB) 00 CM 00 IV CO CO O Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person ^ may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. -
Why Chain Length of Hyaluronan in Eye Drops Matters
diagnostics Review Why Chain Length of Hyaluronan in Eye Drops Matters Wolfgang G.K. Müller-Lierheim CORONIS Foundation, 81241 Munich, Germany; [email protected] Received: 21 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: The chain length of hyaluronan (HA) determines its physical as well as its physiological properties. Results of clinical research on HA eye drops are not comparable without this parameter. In this article methods for the assessment of the average molecular weight of HA in eye drops and a terminology for molecular weight ranges are proposed. The classification of HA eye drops according 1 to their zero shear viscosity and viscosity at 1000 s− shear rate is presented. Based on the gradient of mucin MUC5AC concentration within the mucoaqueous layer of the tear film a hypothesis on the consequences of this gradient on the rheological properties of the tear film is provided. The mucoadhesive properties of HA and their dependence on chain length are explained. The ability of HA to bind to receptors on the ocular epithelial cells, and in particular the potential consequences of the interaction between HA and the receptor HARE, responsible for HA endocytosis by corneal epithelial cells is discussed. The physiological function of HA in the framework of ocular surface homeostasis and wound healing are outlined, and the influence of the chain length of HA on the clinical performance of HA eye drops is illustrated. The use of very high molecular weight HA (hylan A) eye drops as drug vehicle for the next generation of ophthalmic drugs with minimized side effects is proposed and its advantages elucidated.